CN104722900B - A kind of welding method of hydrogen system step cooling shaped steel - Google Patents
A kind of welding method of hydrogen system step cooling shaped steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104722900B CN104722900B CN201510154589.5A CN201510154589A CN104722900B CN 104722900 B CN104722900 B CN 104722900B CN 201510154589 A CN201510154589 A CN 201510154589A CN 104722900 B CN104722900 B CN 104722900B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to hydrogen system step cooling (Step Cool) shaped steel synthesizes the welding method of ammonia return line, in particular for C.F.Braun method synthetic ammonia installation, the welding method of ammonia convertor outlet and outlet line.The method is conducive to the specific method parameter of hydrogen system step cooling (Step Cool) shaped steel pipeline welding, preheating temperature in welding method, welding material, heat input, heat treatment time etc. are adjusted simultaneously, ensure that welding point has excellent resistant to hydrogen corrosivity and anti-temper embrittlement performance, with being avoided that the generation of the CRACKING ACCIDENT in Braun method synthesis ammonia loop, reduce economic loss, drastically increase the service life of equipment pipe, construction quality is safe and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydrogen system synthesis loop pipeline step cooling (Step-Cool) typeThe welding side of steel
Method, especially in particular for C.F.Braun method synthetic ammonia installation, ammonia convertor exports and outlet line step cooling
(Step-Cool) typeThe welding method of steel.
Background technology
The method complicated condition of the equipment in ammonia synthesis loop or pipeline, medium have an inflammable, explosive, easy poisoning, high temperature,
High pressure, the features such as corrosion.Steel, due to having preferable corrosion resistance, in ammonia synthesis loop, particularly exists
In C.F.Braum method synthesis ammonia system,Steel is used as synthesizing the material of tower shell and synthesis gas pipeline.
Due to the presence of hydrogen oily in the method medium in ammonia synthesis loop, referred to as " hydrogen system ".Hydrogen penetrates into inside steel, meets
Cause the chemical change of structure of steel to carbide, carbide decomposes generation CH4, steel by decarburization and cracks.Carbon containing in steel
Amount is higher, and operation temperature and pressure are higher, and hydrogen-type corrosion is more serious.To consider from erosion-resisting angle, to be applied to hydrogen system
Steel, for avoiding decarburization and crackle, should limit to the operating condition limit.The pipeline weldering that the ammonia factory building up from early stage occurs
The analysis of the CRACKING ACCIDENT of joint, the main cause of this kind of accident or hydrogen-type corrosion, this can from from slit region compared with high power
Several lower pores of clearly seeing to be proven with " Corvus macrorhuchuss toe ", because these pores and Corvus macrorhuchuss toe are generally seen as chemical induction
Hydrogen-type corrosion process strong evidence, cause hydrogen-type corrosion mainly all by the temper brittleness of steel, welding method, heat treatment method etc.
Multifactorial impact, therefore, the traditional 21/4Cr-Mo steel service life in hydrogen system is not long.Do for this scholars
Many widely researchs, to the effect of the trace element in steel and impurity, the requirement of welding material, welding method and postwelding heat
Processing method and method have carried out research it is believed that traditionalSteel is unsuitable for application in hydrogen system, discontinuously occurs
This kind of cracking, leakage accident, forcefully promote the improvement of this steel, therefore a kind of suitable hydrogen system working condition
ImproveFinally come out.
This newSteel is very tight to the control of element of impact temper embrittlement parameter, especially P, and reality contains
Amount only 0.006%, specifies J≤120 in chemical composition, the VTrs (54J) after regulation step cold treatment in mechanical performance≤-
29 DEG C, this is newThe key property of steel, be also with traditionalThe main distinction point of steel.
The application is exactly in order to for hydrogen system synthesis loop pipelineThis new material is it is ensured that weld
Joint obtains excellent resistant to hydrogen corrosivity and anti-temper embrittlement performance and provides a kind of effect more preferable welding method.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is for hydrogen system synthesis loop pipelineThe feature of material, provides a set of new
Welding method.The method of the present invention can obtain excellent resistant to hydrogen corrosive nature really it is ensured that welding point has excellent anti-tempering
Catalytic performance, it is to avoid braun method synthesizes the weld cracking in ammonia loop, reduces economic loss, improves the use longevity of equipment pipe
Life.
Especially, the welding method of the present invention employs and is conducive to hydrogen system pipeline new materialSpecific
Welding method it is ensured that obtaining excellent resistant to hydrogen corrosivity and the welding point of anti-tempering catalysis.
The step cooling of the present inventionThe technical scheme of the welding method of steel is as follows：
A kind of step coolingThe welding method of steel is it is characterised in that described welding method includes walking as follows
Suddenly：
Step one, by the welding material through step cooling heat treatmentCarry out double V-shaped butt weld, welding position
It is set to all positon；
Step 2, electrical heating preheating, preheating temperature >=200 DEG C；
Step 3, backing welding and second layer pass weld：Using argon tungsten-arc welding, electric power polarity is straight polarity direct current, adopts
The hybrid protection gas of 93% nitrogen and 7% hydrogen, as backing gas, controls heat input≤20KJ/ in this step
Cm, is controlled interlayer temperature to be 200 to 250 DEG C simultaneously, until backing welding is soldered with second layer welding bead, is beaten using rustless steel grinding wheel
Mill carries out interlayer cleaning；
Step 4, filling cover welding：Using manual electric arc welding, electric power polarity is DC reverse connection, fills cover welding, line
Energy is 20KJ/cm, controls interlayer temperature to be 200 to 250 DEG C simultaneously, until filling cover welding completes；Using stainless steel sand
Wheel piece polishing carries out interlayer cleaning；Using 93% nitrogen and 7% hydrogen hybrid protection gas as backing gas, filling out
There is backing gas always during filling capping；
Step 5, heat treatment：700 DEG C of ± 10 DEG C of constant temperature are processed 5 hours, and after subsequent temperature drops to 300 DEG C, air cooling is to room
Temperature.
Preferably, the interlayer temperature of step three and four is 220 to 240 DEG C, more preferably 225 to 235 DEG C；
Preferably, the heat treatment temperature of step 5 is 700 DEG C ± 5 DEG C.
Above-mentioned welding method can apply to hydrogen system synthesis loop pipelineWelding.
In the welding of step 3, interior undercut, lack of penetration, incomplete fusion and the root that will strictly eliminate ground floor welding bead project
(crackle occurring in ammonia convertor and outlet line shows, cracking starts from inner surface near molten to cross high road weld defect
Inside zygonema and weld defect)；
Ensure preheating temperature and interlayer temperature with electrical heating method during the whole welding of step three and four；
In the filling cover welding of step 4, strict layering shunting weldering, prevent in the air oxygen from contacting with molten pool metal,
Molten bath is avoided to aoxidize.
Whole welding process avoids, in positive overhead position striking, prevent the generation of pore.
In the double V butt weld seam step of step one, it is single V groove as wall thickness T≤19mm；T>It is double V during 19mm
Type groove；Bevel angle α：35±2.5°、β10°；Gap b：For 2.5-3.0mm；Root face p：0.5-1.0mm；In hydrogen system synthesis
Return lineWith hydrogen system synthesis loop pipelineWelding method in, be grouping；
Should check before weldering whether the X parameter of welding wire maker offer and the percentage ratio of chemical composition Mn+Si are in region of acceptance,
Check the impact test curve of welding rod test plate (panel), examine whether the VTrs (54J) after " step cooling " is processed is less than -29 DEG C.
In step 3, using TIG Welding Machine, it is preferred to use WS-400IGBT；Welding wire is Germany
Unionlcrmo910 φ 2.4 welding wire, heat input is 15-20KJ/cm；Simultaneously at any time measure interlayer temperature, interlayer temperature control≤
250 DEG C, but it is not less than 200 DEG C, ensure preheating temperature and interlayer temperature with electrical heating method during whole welding, strictly disappear
Except the interior undercut of ground floor welding bead, lack of penetration, incomplete fusion and root project over high road weld defect, until backing welding and the
Two layers of welding bead are soldered；
In step 4, welding machine is ZX7-400IGBT, and welding rod is German SH chromo 2KS. φ 3.2, φ 4.0 welding rod,
Heat input is 15-20KJ/cm, strict layering shunting weldering, measures interlayer temperature at any time simultaneously, and interlayer temperature controls≤250 DEG C, but
It is not less than 200 DEG C, during whole welding, ensure preheating temperature and interlayer temperature with electrical heating method.
In root layer welding bead and filling capping, starting the arc position should avoid the position at 6 o'clock.
In step 5, heated using cord type and Track Type electrical heating elements, preferably automated Temperature-controlled appliance
WDK6-3-1K controls temperature, warming and cooling rate：50 DEG C/h, when reaching 710 DEG C, constant temperature 5 hours, temperature drops to 300 DEG C, air cooling
To room temperature.
The welding material of described step cooling heat treatmentCan be the φ that Cameeron company of Britain provides
The step cooling of 508 × 43mmSteel conduit or by the following method process obtain：
Step 1, to welding materialCarry out heat treatment, programming rate be 45-55 DEG C/h, be warming up to 690 DEG C ±
10 constant temperature heat treatments 1 hour；
Step 2, the heat resisting steel through step one heat treatment is carried out step cooling, point following 5 steps coolings：Cooling one, with 5-7
DEG C/cooling of the speed of h, constant temperature 15 hours when being down to 540 DEG C；Cool down two, lowered the temperature with the speed of 5-7 DEG C/h, perseverance when being down to 525 DEG C
Temperature 24 hours；Cool down three, lowered the temperature with the speed of 7-9 DEG C/h, constant temperature 60 hours when being down to 495 DEG C；Cooling four, with 2-4 DEG C/h's
Speed is lowered the temperature, constant temperature 100 hours when being down to 470 DEG C；Cool down five, lowered the temperature with the speed of 27-29 DEG C/h, air cooling after being down to 315 DEG C
To room temperature.
Preferably, the heat treatment temperature in step 1 is 690 DEG C ± 5 DEG C；
Preferably, the programming rate in step 1 is 50 DEG C；
Preferably, the cooling one in step 2 is lowered the temperature with the speed of 6 DEG C/h；
Preferably, the cooling two in step 2 is lowered the temperature with the speed of 6 DEG C/h；
Preferably, the cooling three in step 2 is lowered the temperature with the speed of 6 DEG C/h；
Preferably, the cooling four in step 2 is lowered the temperature with the speed of 3 DEG C/h；
Preferably, the cooling five in step 2 is lowered the temperature with the speed of 28 DEG C/h.
Effect aspect：After the completion of welding, carry out X-ray examination and mechanical test, low-temperature impact, hardness test inspection
All compliant requires：Seam and heat effected zone hardness test value is respectively less than 225HB, and maximum Vickers hardness must not exceed
240HV10, low-temperature impact test in step cooling process test, cold impact value >=54J at -29 DEG C.Improve welding point
Anti- temper embrittlement performance and hydrogen attack resistance.
Specific embodiment
It is exemplified below step coolingThe welding of steel, wherein step coolingSteel adopts Britain
The step cooling of φ 508 × 43mm that Cameeron company providesSteel conduit.
1st, should be by the X checking that welding wire maker provides before weldingWhether the percentage ratio of parameter and chemical composition Mn+Si is in
Region of acceptance (Mn+Si≤1.2 and X≤ 25PPm), check the impact test curve of welding rod test plate (panel), examine " step cooling " and process
Whether VTrs (54J) afterwards is less than -29 DEG C.
2nd, double V butt weld is adopted to stitch.Bevel angle α：35±2.5°、β10°；Gap b：For 2.5-3.0mm；Root face p：
0.5-1.0mm, is grouping, and welding position is 6G (45 ° of fixing weldering).
3rd, using Electric heating, test specimen is heated, temperature >=200 DEG C.
4th, backing welding and second layer pass weld, using TIG Welding Machine, it is preferred to use WS-400IGBT；Welding wire is moral
State Unionlcrmo910 φ 2.4 welding wire, using 93% nitrogen and 7% hydrogen hybrid protection gas as backing gas,
Heat input is 15-20KJ/cm；Measure interlayer temperature at any time, interlayer temperature controls≤250 DEG C, but is not less than 200 DEG C simultaneously,
Ensure preheating temperature and interlayer temperature with electrical heating method during whole welding, strictly eliminate ground floor welding bead interior undercut,
Lack of penetration, incomplete fusion and root project over high road weld defect, until backing welding is soldered with second layer welding bead.Interlayer is cleared up
Using special rustless steel grinding wheel polishing.
5th, fill cover welding, welding welding machine is ZX7-400IGBT, welding rod is German SH chromo 2KS. φ 3.2, φ
4.0 welding rods, heat input be 15-20KJ/cm, using 93% nitrogen and 7% hydrogen hybrid protection gas as back-protective gas
, during filling capping, there is backing gas always in body；Strict layering shunting weldering, measures interlayer temperature simultaneously at any time,
Interlayer temperature controls≤250 DEG C, but is not less than 200 DEG C, ensures preheating temperature and layer with electrical heating method during whole welding
Between temperature.Interlayer cleaning is using special rustless steel grinding wheel polishing.
6th, in root layer welding bead and filling capping, starting the arc position should be in the position at 7 o'clock.
7th, heated using cord type and Track Type electrical heating elements, preferably automated Temperature-controlled appliance WDK6-3-1K control
Temperature processed, warming and cooling rate：50 DEG C/h, when reaching 710 DEG C, constant temperature 8 hours, cannot close for internal orifice or welding point leans on
Nearly equipment is too near, and conduction of heat is too big, and constant temperature time now should exceed 5 hours, generally 8-25 hour.
6th, after the completion of above work, 100% dye penetrant inspection, 100% actinoscopy X, zero defect.Mechanical performance, hardness,
Impact value all meets the requirements, and joint has anti-temper embrittlement performance and the hydrogen attack resistance of good welding point, related examination
Test result as follows：
1), cold impact value：
| Gap position | Breach type | Test temperature | AKv(J) | Meansigma methodss (J) |
| Weld seam | CVN | 0℃ | 129 158 159 | 144 |
| Weld seam | CVN | -10℃ | 65 124 110 | 100 |
| Weld seam | CVN | -29℃ | 139 129 127 | 132 |
| Weld seam | CVN | -40℃ | 60 119 127 | 102 |
| Weld seam | CVN | -50℃ | 104 60 54 | 76 |
| Weld seam | CVN | -60℃ | 57 40 | 49 |
| Heat affected area | CVN | 0℃ | 27 261 251 | 180 |
| Heat affected area | CVN | -10℃ | 248 259 182 | 223 |
| Heat affected area | CVN | -29℃ | 175 245 184 | 201 |
| Heat affected area | CVN | -50℃ | 15 185 162 | 121 |
| Heat affected area | CVN | -60℃ | 181 212 174 | 162 |
2), microhardness (HV10)：Should be in sample apart from face of weld 2mm and inner surface 2mm according to code requirement
Carry out micro-hardness testing, it the results are shown in Table 2
Table 2 mixcrohardness test result
| Measuring point is numbered | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| HV10 | 164 | 164 | 177 | 177 | 172 | 191 | 193 | 187 | 169 | 157 | 168 | 157 | 157 | 164 |
| Measuring point is numbered | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 |
| HV10 | 178 | 173 | 167 | 176 | 184 | 218 | 193 | 208 | 185 | 187 | 169 | 164 | 164 | 171 |
3), the result of the test such as welding point physics and chemistry is shown in Table 3
Additionally, it is describedSteel can also adopt heat treatment with the following method：Proceed by heat treatment, heat up
50 DEG C/h of speed, starts constant temperature when being warmed up to 695 DEG C, constant temperature 1 hour, is then lowered the temperature with the speed of 6 DEG C/h, when dropping to 540
DEG C when constant temperature 15 hours, then again with the speed cooling of 6 DEG C/h, constant temperature 24 hours when dropping to 525 DEG C, then again with 6 DEG C/h's
Speed is lowered the temperature, constant temperature 60 hours when dropping to 495 DEG C, and then again with the speed cooling of 3 DEG C/h, when dropping to 470 DEG C, constant temperature 100 is little
When, then again with the speed cooling of 28 DEG C/h, after dropping to 315 DEG C, it is air cooled to room temperature, until process terminates, should
Steel method described above is welded, and also achieves the technique effect being as above similar to.
Compared for as follows conventional at present by change welding parameter, such as interlayer temperature, layering shunting weldering, striking position,
The welding procedure of heat treatment thermostat temperature etc., and effect in welding practice for the step cooling welding procedure of the application.
A kind of welding method of hydrogen system step cooling shaped steel of the present invention is retouched by specific embodiment
State.It is corresponding to realize that those skilled in the art can use for reference the links such as the suitable feed change of present disclosure, method condition
Other purposes, its correlation changes all without departing from present disclosure, and all similar replacements and change are for art technology
It is it will be apparent that being considered as being included within the scope of the present invention for personnel.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of step coolingThe welding method of steel is it is characterised in that described welding method comprises the steps：
Step one, by the welding material through step cooling heat treatmentCarry out double V-shaped butt weld, welding position is
All positon；
Step 2, electrical heating preheating, preheating temperature >=200 DEG C；
Step 3, backing welding and second layer pass weld：Using argon tungsten-arc welding, electric power polarity is straight polarity direct current, adopts 93%
The hybrid protection gas of nitrogen and 7% hydrogen, as backing gas, controls heat input≤20KJ/cm in this step, with
When key-course between temperature be 225 to 235 DEG C, until backing welding is soldered with second layer welding bead, using rustless steel grinding wheel polish into
Row interlayer is cleared up；
Step 4, filling cover welding：Using manual electric arc welding, electric power polarity is DC reverse connection, fills cover welding, heat input
For 20KJ/cm, control interlayer temperature to be 225 to 235 DEG C, until filling cover welding completes simultaneously；Using rustless steel grinding wheel
Polishing carries out interlayer cleaning；Using 93% nitrogen and 7% hydrogen hybrid protection gas as backing gas, in filling lid
There is backing gas always during face；
Step 5, heat treatment：700 DEG C of ± 5 DEG C of constant temperature are processed 5 hours, and after subsequent temperature drops to 300 DEG C, air cooling is to room temperature；
Ensure preheating temperature and interlayer temperature with electrical heating method during the whole welding of step three and four；
In the filling cover welding of step 4, the weldering of layering shunting, prevent in the air oxygen from contacting with molten pool metal, it is to avoid molten bath
Oxidation.
2. welding method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that describedIt is to process by the following method
Obtain：
Step 1, to welding materialCarry out heat treatment, programming rate is 45-55 DEG C/h, is warming up to 690 DEG C ± 10
Constant temperature heat treatment 1 hour；
Step 2, the heat resisting steel through step one heat treatment is carried out step cooling, point following 5 steps coolings：Cooling one, with 5-7 DEG C/h
Speed cooling, constant temperature 15 hours when being down to 540 DEG C；Cool down two, lowered the temperature with the speed of 5-7 DEG C/h, constant temperature 24 when being down to 525 DEG C
Hour；Cool down three, lowered the temperature with the speed of 5-7 DEG C/h, constant temperature 60 hours when being down to 495 DEG C；Cooling four, with the speed of 2-4 DEG C/h
Cooling, constant temperature 100 hours when being down to 470 DEG C；Cool down five, lowered the temperature with the speed of 27-29 DEG C/h, after being down to 315 DEG C, be air cooled to room
Temperature.
3. welding method according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that the heat treatment temperature in step 1 is 690 DEG C ± 5 DEG C.
4. welding method according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that the programming rate in step 1 is 50 DEG C/h.
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| CN107309529B (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2019-08-23 | 中国化学工程第六建设有限公司 | Two-way stainless steel tube welding method |
| CN112280962B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-07-20 | 燕山大学 | Steel pipe layer-by-layer cooling device and cooling method |
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| JPS5811311B2 (en) * | 1977-03-29 | 1983-03-02 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | High-efficiency multi-electrode automatic arc welding method for low-temperature, high-toughness steel |
| JPH0787989B2 (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1995-09-27 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Gas shield arc welding method for high strength Cr-Mo steel |
| JPH0839287A (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-02-13 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Gas shielded arc welding wire for high strength cr-mo steel |
| CN100525980C (en) * | 2007-04-17 | 2009-08-12 | 中国石油天然气集团公司管材研究所 | 22Cr duplex phase stainless tube welding method |
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