CN104720220B - Coin-stamp blank formed by metal tubes-bushing cascaded and embedded metal bars and preparation method - Google Patents
Coin-stamp blank formed by metal tubes-bushing cascaded and embedded metal bars and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104720220B CN104720220B CN201510156310.7A CN201510156310A CN104720220B CN 104720220 B CN104720220 B CN 104720220B CN 201510156310 A CN201510156310 A CN 201510156310A CN 104720220 B CN104720220 B CN 104720220B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C3/00—Medals; Badges
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C21/00—Coins; Emergency money; Beer or gambling coins or tokens, or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coin-stamp blank formed by metal tubes-bushing cascaded and embedded metal bars and a preparation method. The coin-stamp blank is formed by bushing one or more metal tubes with cascaded and embedded metal bars and then radially cutting, wherein the cascaded and embedded metal bars are formed by radially coating, overlying and compounding two or more metal bars, and the sections of the coin-stamp blank have many geometric patterns or specially-shaped patterns. The preparation method of the coin-stamp blank comprises the following steps: forming coin-stamp blank bars with sections presenting different patterns through extrusion, rolling, drawing, forging and powder metallurgy process technologies for the outer-layer metal tubes and the inner-layer cascaded and embedded metal bars independently or in a combination manner, carrying out vacuum heat treatment and then performing a cutting process to obtain the coin-stamp blank, wherein the coin-stamp blank can be used as a coin blank for coin manufacturing, a stamp blank for stamp manufacturing and an emblem blank for emblem manufacturing. The coin-stamp blank disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being advanced in process, pollution-free, exquisite in product pattern, anti-wear, long in life, intuitive in planar vision, high in public recognition degree, stable in electromagnetic signal, high in anti-counterfeiting performance, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacture field of coin, circulation coin, commemorative coin (chapter) badge and chip (game money), more specifically
Say, the present invention relates to a kind of pattern is exquisite, recognition performance and the strong coin chapter base material of anti-counterfeiting performance and preparation method.
Background technology
Every country is generally extensively applied on high face amount coin circulation, the manufacturing process of commemorative coin in the world at present
Bimetallic coinage technology, substantially, machine-readable dependable performance is stable for its anti-counterfeiting characteristic, and production efficiency is high, accelerates production capacity and expands.From
Nineteen eighty-two, dozens of was national so far, produced the bimetallic coin of nearly thousand kinds.Therewith, have in euro area and Countries
The bimetal coin of false making occurs, and then every country to the false proof of coinage and proposes new requirement.France, Korea S etc. are few in recent years
Number country, using various metallic plate punching cores and ring, then bushing successively, then print through printing machine, make 3 metallochromes
Damp effect, antifalse effect has new raising, but this production technology cost of manufacture is high, efficiency is low, design is limited to.
The processing technology of metal current commemorative coin and various badge is similar to therewith, there is also the problems referred to above.Chip (game
Coin) as a kind of currency carrier, antiforge function requires higher.Due to not being subject to state banking institutions management and control, therefore design space and
Material range is very wide, and anti-counterfeiting technology application is also that species is various.High-end at present general using being internally embedded moulding of chip
Material, pottery or organic composite material make, but there is high cost, the defect such as feel is poor, service life is short.Make double (many) color coin
The mode of material, using impact style combination, is only limitted to simple symmetric figure, pattern is single, simultaneously base material Sheet Metal Forming Technology material profit
Low with rate.Have in currently available technology to plant and metal coin stamp base bar is made using the method for metal canula and cold drawing, then cut
Become coin, chapter base cake (public announcement of a patent application cn102293487a), this method is in terms of pattern space design, manufacturing process
There is significant progress, but do not break away from that design is stiff, it is relatively easy to lack artistic feeling, technique yet thus leading to identify false proof
The drawbacks such as the reduction of function, particularly single drawing process, the adhesion easily producing metal is not strong, so lead to two kinds or
Produce between two or more metals and loosen, the quality of impact coin chapter base material.
Content of the invention
The invention aims to overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of bushing stacking of metal tube is provided to spell engaged column rod
Coin chapter base material and preparation method, to improve current coinage industry and to manufacture and false proof level.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of coin chapter base material of metal tube bushing stacking spelling engaged column rod.Described coin chapter base material is by one or more gold
Belong to the bushing stacking of pipe spell engaged column rod rod in coin chapter base after, formed through radial cuts, described stacking spell engaged column rod by two-layer or
Metal bar more than two-layer is radially superposed to be composited, and the section of described coin chapter base material is multiple geometrical patterns and special-shaped pattern.
The purpose of the present invention can also be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Described stacking is spelled engaged column rod and is included pipe, rod.Described layered composite metal rod is
Non ferrous metal and their alloy, ferrous metal and its alloy and noble metal and its alloy.Engaged column rod is spelled in described stacking
For dilval.
The coin chapter base material that engaged column rod is spelled in the bushing stacking of metal tube is related to a kind of preparation method:
Engaged column rod is spelled by extruding, rolling, drawing, forging and powder metallurgical technique by outer layer metal tube and internal layer stacking
Technology obtains alone or in combination, forms the coin chapter base rod that its section is in different pattern, after vacuum heat, then through cutting
Technique obtains coin chapter base material, and it specifically comprises the following steps that
A. extruding metal or casting technique is adopted to obtain metal blank pipe;
B. shell is sent into Pilger cold pilger mill after inspection and surface treatment and is carried out groove rolling;
C. the shell after rolling is put into drawbench through inspection and is carried out sizing drawing, obtains design chi by drawing technique
The very little metal tube with shape, metal pipe-wall thickness deviation controls in ± 0.1mm;
D. the tubing after drawing carries out degreasing degreasing and heat treatment, by tubing Hardness Control in below 150hv1;
E. by rotatable wire brush, pipe material inner wall is carried out cleaning process with water after tubing heat treatment, with compression n2 gas by tubing
Wall metal fragment is purged, and then tubing inside is full of stand-by after n2 hermetic seal is processed;
F. stacking spells engaged column rod by two or more similar and different metal material, similar and different size, no
With or same shape metal material mutually coat, nested and laminate and be composited;
G. individual material, its profile and the size of engaged column rod is spelled in composition stacking, can adopt and extrudes, rolls, forging, drawing
Pull out, powder metallurgical technique obtains alone or in combination, scantling allowance control is in ± 0.05mm;
H. the individual material made is after surface sand-blasting, peeling, texturing roughening process and ungrease treatment, special according to it
Property, select suitable temperature to carry out heat treatment, material hardness is controlled in below 150hv1;
I. the individual material after heat treatment, requires assembling stand-by into strips according to design;
J. the stacking made is spelled engaged column rod by machinery feeding metal tube, through drop-head mechanism by one end
Roll positioning, it is to avoid internal layer each metal mutual dislocation, required according to combination process, rolling is put in the one end rolled through drop-head
With the porch of forging and stamping any of which equipment, carry out corresponding technique processing, make metal tube and stacking spell engaged column rod closely
It is combined together;
K. the metal tube bushing stacking being spelled engaged column rod penetrates in the metal tube bigger than its diameter, rolls through drop-head
One end put into rolling and forging and stamping any of which equipment porch, carry out corresponding technique processing, make outer ring metal tube tight
Close bushing inner ring metal tube, by that analogy, until complete the coin chapter base rod of many metal tube bushing stacking spelling engaged column rods;
L. coin chapter base caput tail is carried out scale excision, is then fed into vacuum heat treatment furnace and carries out soldering or diffusion annealing,
According to metalline, select suitable temperature, be incubated 2~5h, required according to composite soldering or diffusion annealing process, vacuum
H2, n2, ar gas can be added during heat treatment;
M. the coin chapter base rod after cooling down heat treatment is aligned, and flexibility controls in below 1/1000mm;
N. the coin chapter base rod after aligning is put into metal coupon lathe to be cut by coin, chapter, emblem thickness requirement, cutting
Obtain coin chapter base material afterwards, its thickness deviation controls in ± below 0.06mm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has a following beneficial effect:
(1) using different metal natural colour and mutually laminate composition pattern make coin, chapter, emblem have various
Property, artistry, visual impact is strong;
(2) processing technique is complicated, with high content of technology, electromagnetic signal is stable, has very strong antifalsification and the very high public
Resolution;
(3) wear-resistant, long service life;
(4) specific identification material use laminated metal complex technique can be overlapped together, reach according to machine-readable requirement
The purpose of machine-readable anti-false;
(5) than traditional plate stamping and blanking make coin, chapter, emblem processing technique, stock utilization improve 5~
10%, and have larger room for promotion, material cost can be made to substantially reduce;
(6), using rolling, forging technology, the bond strength between each layer metal is big compared with drawing process, will not for insetting case technology
The defect that interlayer loosens occurs.
Brief description
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are schematic cross-section of the present invention;
In figure: engaged column rod 2 is spelled in metal tube 1, stacking.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figures 1 to 5: the coin chapter base material of the present invention is to spell engaged column rod 2 by outer layer metal tube 1 and internal layer stacking to lead to
Cross extruding, groove rolling, drawing, forging technology, closely combine together, form coin chapter base rod of different shapes, by vacuum
After heat treatment, then obtain coin chapter base material, as coin base, chapter base and emblem base through cutting technique.
The preparation of outer layer metal tube 1: metal blank pipe is obtained using extruding metal or casting technique, shell is through checking
Carry out groove rolling with sending into Pilger cold pilger mill after surface treatment, the tubing after rolling is put into drawbench through inspection and carried out
Sizing drawing, obtains the metal pipe material of design size and shape, tube wall thickness allowance control is in ± 0.1mm by drawing technique.
Tubing after drawing carries out degreasing degreasing and heat treatment, by tubing Hardness Control in below 150hv1.Pass through after tubing heat treatment
Rotatable wire brush carries out cleaning process with water to pipe material inner wall, is purged pipe material inner wall metal fragment with compression n2 gas, then right
Stand-by after processing full of n2 hermetic seal inside tubing.
The preparation of engaged column rod 2 is spelled in internal layer stacking: internal layer stacking spells engaged column rod 2, typically by two or more not
Same or identical metal material, similar and different size, the metal bar of similar and different shape laminate, pile up or suit group
Become.The profile of every metal bar and size, can be obtained alone or in combination using extruding, rolling, forging, drawing, powder metallurgical technique
, scantling allowance control is in ± 0.05mm.The material made is through surface sand-blasting, peeling, texturing roughening process and defat
After process, according to its characteristic, select suitable temperature to carry out heat treatment, material hardness is controlled in below 150hv1, heat treatment
Material afterwards, require to laminate according to design, pile up or combined set to form strip stand-by together.
The compound of engaged column rod 2 is spelled in outer layer metal tube 1 and internal layer stacking: engaged column rod is spelled in the stacking made in advance logical
Cross machinery and send in outer layer metal tube 1 manages, positioning is rolled in one end by mechanism through drop-head, it is to avoid each metal of internal layer is mutually wrong
Position.Required according to combination process, the one end rolled through drop-head is put into rolling or the forging and stamping any of which of prior selection
The porch of equipment, carries out corresponding technique processing, and closely engaged column rod 2 is spelled in bushing internal layer stacking to make outer layer metal tube 1.
It is that the metal tube 1 that bushing stacking is spelled engaged column rod 2 penetrates that engaged column rod 2 is spelled in the bushing stacking of many metal tubes 1
In the metal tube bigger than its diameter, rolling and the entrance of forging and stamping any of which equipment are put in the one end rolled through drop-head
Place, carries out corresponding technique processing, makes outer ring metal tube closely bushing inner ring metal tube, by that analogy, until complete metal tube 1 inlaying
Coin chapter base rod (referring to Fig. 3 to Fig. 5) of engaged column rod 2 is spelled in set stacking.
The heat treatment of coin chapter base rod: coin chapter base caput tail is carried out scale excision, is then fed into vacuum heat treatment furnace and carries out
Soldering or diffusion annealing, according to metalline, select suitable temperature, are incubated 2~5h.Moved back according to combined material soldering or diffusion
Ignition technique requires, and can add h2, n2, ar gas during vacuum heat.
The section of coin chapter base rod: the coin chapter base rod after heat treatment is cooled down is aligned, and flexibility controls in 1/1000mm
Below.Coin chapter base rod after aligning is put into metal slicing machine, is cut by coin, chapter, emblem thickness requirement, obtain after cutting
Metal billet, its thickness deviation controls in ± below 0.06mm.
Embodiment 1
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in conjunction with Fig. 1 embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1: coin chapter base rod is spelled engaged column rod 2 by the bushing stacking of metal tube 1 and constituted.Metal tube 1 using the trade mark is
C70600 (astm), specification is ф 35 × 4.5mm, and length is the Copper-nickel alloy tube one of 6000mm.Corronil tubing adopts
Extruding → groove rolling → drawing → aligning → scale sawing → Technology for Heating Processing obtains.Outside ф 35 × 4.5mm Copper-nickel alloy tube
Footpath tolerance is ± 0.15mm, and wall thickness tolerance is ± 0.03mm, and flexibility controls in below 3/1000mm, and heat treatment hardness controls
Below 150hv1.Tubing such as does not have peeling, crackle, is mingled with inspection at the surface defect.Engaged column rod 2 is spelled in stacking
" d " shape metal bar and the rectangle metal bar composition that section is drum type.The metal trade mark chosen is c68700 (astm), cuts
Face is " d " shape, specification is 21.2 × 8mm, and length is the metal bar 2 of 6500mm.Section for the rectangular drum type metal bar trade mark is
C11000 (astm), specification is 22 × 6mm, and length is the metal bar 1 of 6500mm.Above-mentioned metal bar using continuously extruded → draw
Pull out → align → scale sawing → Technology for Heating Processing acquisition.Geomery tolerance is ± 0.03mm, and flexibility controls 2/
Below 1000mm, heat treatment hardness controls in below 150hv1.Metal bar such as does not have peeling, crackle, is mingled with lack on inspection at the surface
Fall into.Ready ф 35 × 4.5mm corronil inside pipe wall is purged it is ensured that not having with n2 gas with after the cleaning of rotatable wire brush
There are greasy dirt, grit etc., seal stand-by after being filled with nitrogen.Section is " d " shape and rectangular drum type metal bar surface adopts 80 mesh iron ore
, fine and closely woven pit with surface and is preferred in blasting treatment.By " d " shape cleared up and drum type rectangle metal bar by layout
Carry out closed assembly, one end electric welding welding is fixed, and weld length controls within 100mm, the other end is freely.By the good metal of closed assembly
Rod penetrates in preprepared corronil metal tube through one end of electric welding welding by mechanical clamping and conveying device, by metal tube
One end with have electric welding welding one end metal bar be compacted by metal shrinking machine, reduction length controls within 150mm.To press
Ld30 multiple rows of roll tube rolling mill feeding port is put in real one end, and roll rolling specs are ф 30mm, and adjusting the feeding amount of feeding is 10
~20mm, 80 beats/min of mill speed, then start to roll, blank is rolled into the coin chapter base rod that external diameter is ф 30mm.To roll
Good external diameter is that the metal coin stamp base caput tail of ф 30mm respectively excises 200mm, checks composite effect from tangent plane.Then to coin chapter base
Excellent surface carries out oil removal treatment, sends into vacuum heat treatment furnace, is filled with h2 gas, carries out vacuum brazing process, and temperature control is 800
DEG C, it is incubated 2 hours.Coin chapter base rod hardness≤150hv1 after vacuum brazing process.Coin chapter base rod after annealing is passed through roll-type
Straightener is aligned, and flexibility controls in below 1/1000mm.Coin chapter base rod after aligning is put into metal slicing machine carry out
Radial cuts, just obtain the coin chapter base material shown in Fig. 1.This base material can be used to as coinage, chapter processed, emblem processed and chip (game
Coin) etc. need anti-fraud functional base material.
Embodiment 2
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described with embodiment in conjunction with accompanying drawing 2:
As shown in Figure 2: metal tube 1 is identical with two kinds of specifications, engaged column rod 2 bushing composition sections are spelled in symmetrical shape stacking
Coin chapter base material in " Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate ".It is c71500 (astm) that metal tube 1 adopts the trade mark, and specification is ф 35 × 5mm, and length is
The Copper-nickel alloy tube of 5000mm one.Employing extruding → groove rolling → drawing → aligning → scale the sawing of corronil tubing →
Technology for Heating Processing obtains.ф 35 × 5mm Copper-nickel alloy tube outer diameter tolerance is ± 0.15mm, and wall thickness tolerance is ± 0.03mm, bending
Degree controls in below 3/1000mm, and heat treatment hardness controls in below 150hv1.Tubing does not have peeling, crackle on inspection, is mingled with
Etc. surface defect." Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate " metal bar 2 is two kinds of metal bars 2 of c11000 (astm) and c26000 (astm) by the metal trade mark
Composition, combination specification is external diameter ф 20mm, and length is each 1 of the metal bar of 6000mm.Metal bar 2 adopts continuously extruded → drawing
→ aligning → scale sawing → Technology for Heating Processing obtains.Geomery tolerance is ± 0.03mm, and flexibility controls in 2/1000mm
Hereinafter, heat treatment hardness controls in below 150hv1.Surfaces externally and internally such as does not have peeling, crackle, is mingled with the surface to metal bar 2 on inspection
Defect.Ready ф 35 × 5mm metal tube 2 inwall is purged it is ensured that not having with n2 gas with after the cleaning of rotatable wire brush
Greasy dirt, grit etc., are filled with stand-by after n2 hermetic seal.Metal bar 2 surface adopts 80 mesh iron ore blasting treatments, is occurred fine and closely woven with surface
Pit be preferred, blasting craft is carried out before compound, uses as early as possible, it is to avoid secondary oxidation.By 2 groups of two metal bars after sandblasting
Be fitted together, one end electric welding welding is worn in ф 35 × 5mm metal tube 1 through machinery after fixing, by one end of metal tube 1 with
The metal bar 2 having electric welding welding one end is compacted by metal shrinking machine, and reduction length controls within 150mm.By assemble
One feeding ф 40 of metal tube 1 compacting swages (radial forging) machine entrance, and forging mold specification is ф 30mm, forges frequency
1200 beats/min, feeding speed 10mm/s.After forging, metal tube 1 and stacking are spelled engaged column rod 2 and are closely linked,
Form new coin chapter base rod, coin chapter base bar gauge lattice are ф 30mm, and cylindrical tolerance is ± 0.03mm.The external diameter having forged is ф
The metal coin stamp base caput tail of 30mm respectively excises 200mm, checks composite effect from tangent plane.Then coin chapter base rod surface is removed
Oil processing, sends into vacuum heat treatment furnace, is filled with h2 gas, is diffused making annealing treatment, and temperature control, at 800 DEG C, is incubated 2 hours.
Coin chapter base rod hardness≤150hv1 after diffusion annealing process.Coin chapter base rod after annealing is rectified by roll leveller
Directly, flexibility controls in below 1/1000mm.Coin chapter base rod after aligning is put into metal slicing machine and carries out radial cuts, just obtain
Obtain the coin chapter base material of Fig. 2 structure.This coin chapter base material can be used to as needs such as coinage, chapter processed, emblem processed and chips (game money)
Anti-fraud functional base material.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of bushing stacking of metal tube spell engaged column rod coin chapter base material it is characterised in that: described coin chapter base material by one with
After engaged column rod rod in coin chapter base is spelled in the bushing stacking of upper metal tube, formed through radial cuts, described stacking spells engaged column rod by two
Different metals rod more than root radially cladding, nested and laminate and be composited, the section of described coin chapter base material is multiple several
What pattern.
2. the bushing stacking of metal tube according to claim 1 spell engaged column rod coin chapter base material it is characterised in that: described layer
Folded engaged column rod of spelling is non ferrous metal and their alloy.
3. the preparation method of the coin chapter base material of engaged column rod is spelled in a kind of bushing stacking of the metal tube described in claim 1, by outer layer
Metal tube and internal layer stacking spell engaged column rod by extruding, rolling, drawing, forging and powder metallurgical technique technology alone or in combination
Obtain, form the coin chapter base rod that its section is in different pattern, after vacuum heat, then obtain coin chapter base through cutting technique
Material, it specifically comprises the following steps that
A. extruding metal or casting technique is adopted to obtain metal blank pipe;
B. shell is sent into Pilger cold pilger mill after inspection and surface treatment and is carried out groove rolling;
C. the shell after rolling is put into drawbench through inspection and is carried out sizing drawing, by drawing technique obtain design size and
The metal tube of shape, metal pipe-wall thickness deviation controls in ± 0.1mm;
D. the tubing after drawing carries out degreasing degreasing and heat treatment, by tubing Hardness Control in below 150hv1;
E. by rotatable wire brush, pipe material inner wall is carried out cleaning process with water after tubing heat treatment, with compression n2 gas, pipe material inner wall is golden
Belong to chip to be purged, then tubing inside is full of stand-by after n2 hermetic seal is processed;
F. stacking spell engaged column rod mutually coated by the metal material of more than two kinds different metal materials, nested and laminate compound and
Become;
G. individual material, its profile and the size of engaged column rod is spelled in composition stacking, can adopt extruding, rolling, forging, drawing, powder
Last metallurgical technology obtains alone or in combination, and scantling allowance control is in ± 0.05mm;
H. the individual material made, after surface sand-blasting, peeling, texturing roughening process and ungrease treatment, according to its characteristic, is selected
Select suitable temperature and carry out heat treatment, material hardness is controlled in below 150hv1;
I. the individual material after heat treatment, requires assembling stand-by into strips according to design;
J. engaged column rod is spelled in the stacking made to send in metal tube by machinery, through drop-head, one end is rolled by mechanism
Positioning, it is to avoid internal layer each metal mutual dislocation, requires according to combination process, rolling is put in the one end rolled through drop-head and forges
The porch of pressure any of which equipment, carries out corresponding technique processing, makes metal tube and stacking spell engaged column rod and combines closely
Together;
K. the bushing preparation method of many metal tubes: the metal tube that engaged column rod is spelled in bushing stacking penetrates bigger than its diameter
In metal tube, the porch of rolling, drawing and forging and stamping any of which equipment is put in the one end rolled through drop-head, carries out phase
Answer technique to process, make outer ring metal tube closely bushing inner ring metal tube, by that analogy, until completing the bushing stacking of many metal tubes
Spell the coin chapter base rod of engaged column rod;
L. coin chapter base caput tail is carried out scale excision, be then fed into vacuum heat treatment furnace and carry out soldering or diffusion annealing, according to
Metalline, selects suitable temperature, is incubated 2~5h, is required according to composite soldering or diffusion annealing process, at Vacuum Heat
H2, n2, ar gas can be added during reason;
M. the coin chapter base rod after cooling down heat treatment is aligned, and flexibility controls in below 1/1000mm;
N. the coin chapter base rod after aligning is put into metal coupon lathe to be cut by coin, chapter, emblem thickness requirement, obtain after cutting
Obtain coin chapter base material, its thickness deviation controls in ± below 0.06mm.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201510156310.7A CN104720220B (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2015-04-03 | Coin-stamp blank formed by metal tubes-bushing cascaded and embedded metal bars and preparation method |
PCT/CN2015/000350 WO2016154774A1 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2015-05-25 | Coin-stamp blank formed by nesting stacked, spliced and embedded metal bars into metal tubes, and preparation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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CN201510156310.7A CN104720220B (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2015-04-03 | Coin-stamp blank formed by metal tubes-bushing cascaded and embedded metal bars and preparation method |
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CN104720220A CN104720220A (en) | 2015-06-24 |
CN104720220B true CN104720220B (en) | 2017-01-25 |
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CN108244783A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-06 | 张跃群 | Oblique coin chapter and preparation method thereof |
RU2706655C1 (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-11-19 | Акционерное общество "Гознак" (АО "Гознак") | Polymer-containing composite protected article |
CN113477712B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-12-05 | 安徽工业大学 | Preparation process of multilayer metal composite belt |
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