CN104713638B - A kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus and method - Google Patents
A kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104713638B CN104713638B CN201510030746.1A CN201510030746A CN104713638B CN 104713638 B CN104713638 B CN 104713638B CN 201510030746 A CN201510030746 A CN 201510030746A CN 104713638 B CN104713638 B CN 104713638B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus and method.Belong to field of optical measurements, for measuring the regularity of distribution between the output intensity of light source or catadioptric material and emergent light angle.The present invention uses the emergent light of all directions in cylinder optical screen inwall collection space, and the reaction of emergent light light intensity is the illuminated brightness of cylinder optical screen inwall.The present invention measures cylinder optical screen inwall by the brightness of outgoing light irradiation using fisheye camera, while according to the relation of fisheye camera coordinate transform, the angle for corresponding to emergent light is obtained by image coordinate, so as to establish the regularity of distribution between output intensity and emergent light angle.Relative to conventional method, the present invention can measure output intensity data of the emergent light angle in 180 degree hemi-sphere range simultaneously, and the data volume that one-shot measurement obtains is big, and efficiency high is low by environmental disturbances；The simple easy processing of the measuring apparatus simultaneously, there is the advantages of cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus and method.Belong to field of optical measurements, for measure light source or
The regularity of distribution between the output intensity and emergent light angle of catadioptric material.
Background technology
Light measurement is to measure the metering subject of light intensity and its direction of propagation property, wherein important problem is measurement light intensity
The regularity of distribution in all directions of space.When measurement object is illuminating source, during such as LED lamp bead, measurement result is referred to as ---
Distribution curve flux (Luminous intensity distribution curve, LIDC) is light intensity on beam projecting angle
Function.When measurement object is folding/reflecting material, measurement result is referred to as --- two-way dispersion distribution function
(Bidirectional scattering distribution function, BSDF), including its reflecting part --- it is two-way
Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF), and refracted portion --- two-way transmission distribution function (BTDF).These three functions are that light intensity is closed
In angle of incidence of light degree, the high-dimension function of shooting angle.
Measurement distribution curve flux typically use integrating sphere, such as patent CN201210176379, using sphere diffusing reflection optical screen with
Rotating mechanism realizes the luminous intensity measurement in 360 degree of spatial dimensions.Because sphere diffusing reflection optical screen volume is big, manufacturing cost is high, turns
The installation of motivation structure is complicated, is not convenient to use and promotes.
Measurement two-way dispersion distribution function can be measured using integrating sphere, can also use special measurement apparatus, such as
The GON360 light intensity angular distribution testers of Instrument Systems companies, carried respectively using the mechanical arm of two rotations
Light source and Photometer, mechanical arm mutually rotate the light intensity numerical value for progressively measuring all directions.Because single measurement can only provide list
The light intensity value of one angle can just obtain complete light intensity partition functions, it is necessary to which long-time repeatedly measures, less efficient.During measurement
Due to factors such as ambient light interference, light-source brightness fluctuations, larger error can be caused.
Patent US7130033 B2 are imaged after using parabolic mirror, emergent ray is focused on, and can disposably be measured polygonal
The output intensity of degree, measurement efficiency are high.But because light experienced multiple lens and parabolic mirror in communication process, thoroughly
The catadioptric characteristic of mirror/speculum in itself is added on measured material, interference measurement results.And parabolic mirror manufacturing cost
Higher, measuring environment requires harsh, is not easy to promote the use of.
The problem of existing for existing photometric measuring apparatus, the present invention propose a kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus and side
Method, using easily fabricated cylinder diffusing reflection optical screen, with the use of fisheye camera, it can be used for the distribution curve flux for measuring light source,
Or the two-way dispersion distribution function of catadioptric material.The photometric measuring apparatus is simple in construction to be easy to arrange, measurement efficiency is high, simultaneously
The light distribution of upper half sphere can be measured, there is obvious advantage compared with existing measuring apparatus.
The content of the invention
A kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus proposed by the present invention and method, it inexpensive, expeditiously can measure light intensity and exist
The distribution curve flux of the regularity of distribution in all directions of space, such as light source, measurement folding reflecting material two-way dispersion distribution function.
The present invention is a kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus and method, it is characterised in that：Include cylinder optical screen 1, fisheye camera
3rd, objective table 4 and camera support 2, stage carrier 5, described cylinder optical screen 1 are that cross section is circular or arc hollow
Cylinder, its draw ratio are more than 1, and inner-wall material uses homogeneous diffusive white reflective material；Described objective table 4 is placed in cylinder
On the axial line of optical screen 1, the axis centre side of cylinder optical screen 1；The photocentre of described fisheye camera 3 is located at the axial line of cylinder optical screen 1
On, by objective table 4；Do not blocked mutually between fisheye camera 3, objective table 4, by camera support 2, objective table base in cylinder light
Screen 1 is fixed on experiment porch jointly.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is the above-mentioned optical axis of fisheye camera 3 and the axis coinciding of cylinder optical screen 1.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is the above-mentioned optical axis of fisheye camera 3 and the axis perpendicular of cylinder optical screen 1.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is that have light hole on above-mentioned cylinder optical screen 1, for taking in irradiation light.
Last technical scheme of the present invention is that the support of above-mentioned fixed fisheye camera 3 and objective table 4 can be along cylinder
The axis translation of optical screen 1 or rotation.
(note：The distribution curve flux of light source is defined as：Represent with direction in spaceFor independent variable, light source exists
The function of light intensity in this direction, as shown in Figure 1.Two-way dispersion Distribution Function Definition is：Represent to enter
Penetrate light directionWhen, folding/reflecting material is in outgoing light directionOn light intensity function, as shown in Fig. 2 working as emergent light
For reflected light when, the function is referred to as bidirectional reflectance distribution function：When light is reflected when emergent light, the letter
Number is referred to as two-way transmission distribution function：As shown in Figure 2.)
(1) construction features：
The device major part is：Cylinder optical screen 1, fisheye camera 3, objective table 4, camera and objective table pass through camera respectively
Support 2, stage carrier 5 are fixed on experiment porch jointly with cylinder optical screen 1.Its central column face optical screen 1 is that cross section is circular
Or the hollow cylinder of arc, its draw ratio are more than 1, inner-wall material uses homogeneous diffusive white reflective material.Cylinder optical screen 1
On can open up light hole as needed, for incident ray inject；Or draw the positioning of coordinate grid subsidiary.
The advantages of cylinder optical screen is：The spherical optical screen or parabolic reflector screen used relative to integrating sphere, cylinder optical screen is very
Easily using sheet material bending manufacture, or the existing tubing of in the market is utilized to make, cost is low, size and dimension precision is high；Relatively
In sphere, cylinder optical screen is easy to attach the reflectorized materials such as paper substrate, cloth base, is easy to the maintenance, replacement and Function Extension of optical screen.
Objective table 4 is installed on the axial line central point of cylinder optical screen 1；The photocentre of fisheye camera 3 is located at the axial line of cylinder optical screen 1
On, close to the side of objective table 4, fisheye camera 3, objective table 4 are adjacent but do not block mutually.It is using the benefit of fisheye camera：Fish
Eye camera has the visual field of half of sphere of covering, coordinates cylinder optical screen 1, can disposably obtain the light close to half of sphere direction
Strong distribution, has high sampling efficiency.
When needing to measure measured material just hemispherical light distribution, the axis of fisheye camera 3 is perpendicular to the axle of cylinder optical screen 1
Line, parallel to measured material surface normal, now fisheye camera 3 can cover the positive hemisphere face major part visual field；Optical screen can be adopted
With the semi-cylindrical of arc section.
When needing to measure measured material front and reverse side omnirange light distribution, the diameter parallel of fisheye camera 3 is in cylinder
The axis of optical screen 1, now fisheye camera 3 can cover the visual field of positive and negative each half of the sphere of measured material；Optical screen uses circular cross-section
Hollow circuit cylinder.
Fisheye camera 3 and objective table 4 are fixed on experiment porch jointly by support and cylinder optical screen 1.Support can be adopted
With fixed support, adjustable support can also be used, enable fisheye camera 3 or objective table 4 along the axis translation of cylinder optical screen 1 or
Rotate, to facilitate experiment to finely tune.
(2) adjustment method：
Before measurement, optical system is debugged：
(a) sample fiducial point S location is adjusted, is located on the axis midpoint of cylinder optical screen 1.On the basis of S points, generation is established
Boundary coordinate system Sxyz- (x, y, z), while establish sample spherical coordinate system
(b) the photocentre C of fisheye camera 3 position is adjusted, is located on the axis of cylinder optical screen 1, the one of axis midpoint O
Side, the position in world coordinate system are Sxyz-(0,0,d).On the basis of C points, camera spherical coordinate system C is establishedrαβ-(r,α,β)。
(note：When measuring illuminator, the datum mark is centre of luminescence point, when measurement folding reflecting material when, the datum mark is incident light
Line subpoint on measured material.)
Above-mentioned adjustment should make camera photocentre C, sample fiducial point S close proximity to but not blocking mutually.
(c) measured light power supply (or using laser irradiation folding/reflecting material) is given, can be photographed using fisheye camera 3
Light intensity light and shade distribution on the inwall of cylinder optical screen 1, with the photo center point P benchmark photographed, establishes image coordinate system Puv-(u,
V), using image radius of circle as unit 1, u, v span -1~1.
(d) using a reference value of the gradation of image everywhere of normal brightness Source calibration fisheye camera 3.
(3) application method：
The inner surface image of cylinder optical screen 1 shot by fisheye camera 3, can establish distribution curve flux LIDC functions, or two-way
Scatter distributions function BSDF, specific method are：
(a) shooting angle, i.e. function argument are obtained by image coordinate：
Emergent light angle, i.e., the line between subpoint A and sample point S on the inwall of cylinder optical screen 1, in sample spherical coordinates
Angle component in system isThe angle component is the distribution curve flux of light sourceIndependent variable or two-way dispersion point
Cloth functionIn independent variableThe coordinate angle component can be according to coordinate transform by image coordinate
Obtain：
Known projection point A image coordinate (u, v) first, subpoint A can be obtained according to image projection relation in camera
Angle component (α, β) in spherical coordinate system；
The known radius R of cylinder optical screen 1 simultaneously, can obtain distance component rs of the subpoint A in camera spherical coordinate system；
Then by camera spherical coordinates (r, α, β), world coordinates (x, y, z) can be converted to；
Subpoint A world coordinates is finally converted into the spherical coordinates centered on sample point SWhereinI.e.
For distribution curve flux LIDC or two-way dispersion distribution function BSDF independent variable.
Entirely the process of coordinate transform is：Image coordinate → camera spherical coordinates → world coordinates → sample spherical coordinates.
(b) value is found a function by brightness of image：
Distribution curve flux LIDC, or two-way dispersion distribution function BSDF function absolute value is the emergent light from sample point S
Intensity.The subpoint A of the inwall of cylinder optical screen 1 is illuminated by the emergent light, is reflected as the image intensity value of fisheye camera 3.This ash
Angle value is LIDC or BSDF relative functional value.
Because light path is different in size, it is necessary to obtain optical path length according to above-mentioned coordinate system, relative functional value is modified,
Obtain the absolute function value of the LIDC or BSDF functions in unit distance.
Another method is：Using normal brightness Source calibration, i.e., with normal brightness spot light at sample point, lead to
Cross the shooting cylinder of fisheye camera 3 optical screen 1 and obtain a secondary standard luminance picture.On the basis of this image, carried out pair with measurement image
Than obtaining LIDC or BSDF absolute function value.
Advantages of the present invention
(a) efficiency high：
Independent variable can disposably be obtained by the above methodIn 360 ° × 180 ° of space hemi-sphere range, up to
The distribution curve flux LIDC functional values of the light source of camera resolution number, reach the disposable purpose for completing measurement.
Measure two-way dispersion distribution functionWhen, independent variableProvided by incident laser direction,
Independent variable can disposably be obtainedIn 360 ° × 180 ° of space hemi-sphere range, BSDF functional value.Experiment is controlled
Variable processed has been reduced to 2 by 4, greatly reduces pendulous frequency, improves conventional efficient.
(b) disturb low precision high：
Exiting light beam intensity in disposable covering measurement hemi-sphere range of the invention, avoids timesharing and repeatedly measures output intensity
During degree, light-source brightness fluctuation, the interference that brings of ambient light, therefore precision is higher.
(c) the simple cost of equipment is low：
The required necessaries of the present invention only includes：Fisheye camera 3, cylinder optical screen 1, and the grade of sample objective table 4 other
Stationary fixture.Set with the sphere optical screen used in existing photometric device, parabolic reflector screen, angle control machinery arm etc.
Standby to compare, the present invention has the advantages of equipment is simple, cost is low.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the distribution curve flux schematic diagram of light source；
Fig. 2 is the two-way dispersion distribution function schematic diagram of folding/reflecting material；
Fig. 3 is the cylinder photometric measuring apparatus layout that section is arc；
Fig. 4 is the coordinate transform schematic diagram for the cylinder photometric measuring apparatus that section is arc；
Fig. 5 is that section is circular cylinder photometric measuring apparatus layout；
Fig. 6 is the coordinate transform schematic diagram that section is circular cylinder photometric measuring apparatus.
(in above figure：1. cylinder optical screen, 2. camera supports, 3. fisheye cameras, 4. objective tables, 5. stage carriers.)
Embodiment
A kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus proposed by the present invention and method.Embodiment has following two：
Embodiment one
As shown in figure 3, cylinder optical screen 1 is the cylinder that section is arc, cylinder radius is R；Objective table 4 is located at cylinder optical screen
1 axis midpoint, is denoted as sample point S；The photocentre C of fisheye camera 3 is located on the axis midpoint of cylinder optical screen 1 and sample point S distances
For d, camera optical axis is perpendicular to cylindrical axis and positive aiming screen.Using sample point S as the origin of coordinates, the world as shown in Figure 4 is established
Coordinate system Sxyz- (x, y, z), while establish sample spherical coordinate systemThe photocentre C of fisheye camera 3 is in world coordinate system
In position be Sxyz- (0,0, d), using C points as origin, establish camera spherical coordinate system Crαβ-(r,α,β).With the photograph photographed
On the basis of center point P, image coordinate system P is establisheduv- (u, v), using image radius of circle as unit 1, u, v span -1~1.
Using the standard spot light of brightness uniformity, it is positioned at sample point S and illuminates the inwall of cylinder optical screen 1, use flake phase
Machine 3 obtains a secondary gray level image as benchmark：Iref(u, v), (- 1≤u, v≤1), wherein Iref(u, v) is equal or close to 0 point
Point be Null Spot.The sample for needing to measure is placed at sample point S, the emergent light from sample illuminates the inwall of cylinder optical screen 1,
The image of the inwall of cylinder optical screen 1 is obtained using fisheye camera 3：Icam(u,v).The absolute brightness value of emergent light is obtained using following formula：
Ilight(u,v)。
Entirely coordinate transformation process is：Image coordinate → camera spherical coordinates → world coordinates → sample spherical coordinates, coordinate it
Between relation as shown in Figure 4 be present.Respectively the formula of step conversion is：
Image coordinate Ilight(u, v) → camera spherical coordinates Ilight(r,α,β)：
Camera spherical coordinates Ilight(r, α, β) → world coordinates Ilight(x,y,z)：
World coordinates Ilight(x, y, z) → sample spherical coordinate system
When measuring light source light distribution curve：
LIDC (φ, θ)=Ilight(φ,θ)——(5)
When measuring two-way dispersion distribution function,When, independent variableBy incident laser direction
Provide, independent variableI.e. coordinate transform formula (4) is tried to achieve
BSDF(φi,θi, φ, θ) and=Ilight(φ,θ)
while lazerdirection is(φi,θi)——(6)
Embodiment two
As shown in figure 5, it is circular cylinder that optical screen 1, which is section, cylinder radius is R；Objective table 4 is located at the axle of cylinder optical screen 1
Line midpoint, it is denoted as sample point S；It is d that the photocentre C of fisheye camera 3, which is located on the axis midpoint of cylinder optical screen 1 with sample point S distances,
Camera optical axis overlaps with the axis of cylinder optical screen 1.Using sample point S as the origin of coordinates, world coordinate system S as shown in Figure 4 is establishedxyz-
(x, y, z), while establish sample spherical coordinate systemPositions of the photocentre C of fisheye camera 3 in world coordinate system is
Sxyz- (0,0, d), using C points as origin, establish camera spherical coordinate system Crαβ-(r,α,β).Using the photo center point P photographed as base
Standard, establish image coordinate system Puv- (u, v), using image radius of circle as unit 1, u, v span -1~1.
Pass through reference light source image Iref(u, v) obtains being emitted the absolute value I of brightnesslightThe method of (u, v) and scheme one
It is identical.
Relation as shown in Figure 6 be present between image coordinate, camera spherical coordinates, world coordinates, sample spherical coordinates.
Image coordinate Ilight(u, v) arrives camera spherical coordinates IlightThe coordinate of (r, α, β) is transformed to：
Camera spherical coordinates Ilight(r, α, β) → world coordinates Ilight(x,y,z)：
World coordinates Ilight(x, y, z) arrives sample spherical coordinate systemIt is identical with the formula (4) in embodiment one.
Formula (5) in the solution mode embodiment one of light source light distribution curve is identical.
The formula (6) that two-way dispersion distribution function is solved in mode embodiment one is identical.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. cylinder photometric measuring apparatus, it is characterised in that：Cylinder optical screen, fisheye camera, objective table and camera support, stage carrier, described cylinder optical screen are included in structure For cross section it is circular or the hollow cylinder of arc, its draw ratio is more than 1, radius R, and inner-wall material is using homogeneous white Color reflectivity diffuse-reflective material；Described objective table is placed on cylinder optical screen axial line and is located at cylinder optical screen axis centre one Side；Described fisheye camera photocentre is located on cylinder optical screen axial line and by objective table；Between fisheye camera, objective table not Block mutually, be fixed on jointly on experiment porch by camera support, objective table base and cylinder optical screen.
- A kind of 2. cylinder photometric measuring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fisheye camera optical axis and post Face optical screen axis coinciding.
- A kind of 3. cylinder photometric measuring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fisheye camera optical axis and post Face optical screen axis is vertical.
- A kind of 4. cylinder photometric measuring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：There is thang-kng on the cylinder optical screen Hole, for taking in irradiation light.
- A kind of 5. method of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Use diffusing reflection material Carrier of the cylinder optical screen as photometric measurement, coordinate and the reflective light intensity of cylinder optical screen all directions adopted with fisheye camera Sample, the incident intensity Ilight for being radiated at the direction is obtained by reflective light intensity Icam；Using sample point S as the origin of coordinates, establish World coordinate system (x, y, z), while establish sample spherical coordinate system (ρ, θ, φ)；Using camera photocentre C points as origin, camera ball is established Coordinate system (r, α, β)；On the basis of the photo center point P photographed, image coordinate system (u, v) is established；By image coordinate (u, V) transformational relation between sample spherical coordinates (ρ, θ, φ), obtain function between light intensity Ilight and coordinate angle (θ, φ) and close It is Ilight (θ, φ)；The process of coordinate transform between described image coordinate (u, v) and sample spherical coordinates (ρ, θ, φ) is：Figure As coordinate (u, v) → camera spherical coordinates (r, α, β) → world coordinates (x, y, z) → sample spherical coordinates (ρ, θ, φ)；Pass through reflection The method that light intensity Icam obtains the incident intensity Ilight for being radiated at the direction is：Entered using the standard spot light of brightness uniformity OK, illumination cylinder optical screen inwall at sample point S is positioned over, camera is obtained a secondary gray level image as benchmark：Iref, from sample This emergent light illuminates cylinder optical screen inwall, obtains cylinder optical screen inwall image Icam using fisheye camera, obtains Ilight= Icam/Iref。
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| CN107146506B (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2020-04-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Experimental device for verifying condensation effect of spherical condenser |
| FR3087891B1 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-11-20 | Entpe | OPTICAL DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS. |
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| JPS55131742A (en) * | 1979-03-30 | 1980-10-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method for measuring strobo effect |
| DE10018949A1 (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 2001-01-11 | Leuze Electronic Gmbh & Co | Image processing system for detecting objects has diffuser body e.g. surrounding object to provide diffuse illuminating light beam |
| JP4142532B2 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2008-09-03 | シャープ株式会社 | Optical speedometer, displacement information measuring device, and conveyance processing device |
| CN102692272B (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2014-06-04 | 浙江三鑫照明检测设备有限公司 | Photometric measurement method and rotatable photometric measurement integrating sphere device |
| JP6001960B2 (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2016-10-05 | 大塚電子株式会社 | Light distribution characteristic measuring apparatus and light distribution characteristic measuring method |
| CN103925919A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-07-16 | 北京航天飞行控制中心 | Fisheye camera based planetary rover detection point positioning method |
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