CN104710086A - Sewage treatment system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种污水处理系统。 The invention relates to a sewage treatment system.
背景技术 Background technique
目前，一般的污水处理系统包括依次连通的一沉池、曝气池和二沉池。但是经过一般污水处理系统处理过的水因含有大量的重金属，依然无法有效应用。 At present, a general sewage treatment system includes a primary settling tank, an aeration tank and a secondary settling tank connected in sequence. However, the water treated by the general sewage treatment system still cannot be effectively used because it contains a large amount of heavy metals.
在众多的重金属废水处理方法中，生物吸附是最有效的方法之一。用于生物吸附的原料有细菌、真菌、藻类、少数高等植物及其代谢产物，以及淀粉、纤维素、壳聚糖等有机物。 Among the many heavy metal wastewater treatment methods, biosorption is one of the most effective methods. The raw materials used for biosorption include bacteria, fungi, algae, a few higher plants and their metabolites, and organic matter such as starch, cellulose, and chitosan.
许多藻类具有富集金属的能力，其吸附性能往往比其他生物更高。蓝藻是世界上分布最广泛的生物，在淡水、海洋和陆地都能见到蓝藻的踪迹，许多种类还能生长在极端环境下，具有很强的抗逆性。 Many algae have the ability to enrich metals, and their adsorption performance is often higher than that of other organisms. Cyanobacteria are the most widely distributed organisms in the world. They can be found in fresh water, ocean and land. Many species can grow in extreme environments and have strong resistance to stress.
在生物进化史上，蓝藻是唯一的原核藻类，与其他真核藻类有明显的不同，其细胞结构更接近于光合细菌，网此也称蓝细菌。 In the history of biological evolution, cyanobacteria is the only prokaryotic algae, which is obviously different from other eukaryotic algae. Its cell structure is closer to photosynthetic bacteria, so it is also called cyanobacteria.
生物体对重金属的选择性吸附与吸附效率很大程度上是由细胞壁的性质决定的。藻类细胞壁带一定的负电荷，具有较大的表面积和粘性，可提供许多官能团如羟基、羧基、氨基、酰胺基、磷酸根等与金属离子结合。一些没有细胞壁的藻类并没有表现出很好的吸附性能。蓝藻的细胞壁与真核藻类差别较大，真核藻类的细胞壁主要成分为纤维素，而蓝藻的细胞壁主要成分为肽聚糖．肽聚糖可以从水溶液中络合大量的金属离子，特别是大多数过渡金属， The selective adsorption and adsorption efficiency of organisms to heavy metals are largely determined by the properties of the cell wall. The algae cell wall has a certain negative charge, has a large surface area and viscosity, and can provide many functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, amide, phosphate, etc. to combine with metal ions. Some algae without cell walls did not show good adsorption properties. The cell wall of cyanobacteria is quite different from that of eukaryotic algae. The main component of the cell wall of eukaryotic algae is cellulose, while the main component of the cell wall of cyanobacteria is peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan can complex a large number of metal ions from aqueous solution, especially most transition metals,
而且蓝藻细胞壁表面的粘性胶质鞘丰要成分为酸性粘多糖或果胶质，具有较强的吸附小颗粒和金属离子的能力。另外，蓝藻还可以分泌胞外多糖来络合金属离子。 Moreover, the main components of the viscous colloid sheath on the surface of the cell wall of cyanobacteria are acidic mucopolysaccharides or pectin, which have a strong ability to adsorb small particles and metal ions. In addition, cyanobacteria can also secrete exopolysaccharides to complex metal ions.
目前用于生物吸附研究的蓝藻主要有螺旋藻、鱼腥藻、微囊藻、念珠藻、席藻和聚球藻等。 At present, the cyanobacteria used for biosorption research mainly include Spirulina, Anabaena, Microcystis, Nostoc, Matella and Synechococcus.
何金兰（鱼腥藻对某些金属离子的吸附效应研究；《岩矿测试》1992年9月第11卷第3期；P225-227）研究了鱼腥藻对部分金属离子的吸附与洗脱条件。研究表明。鱼腥藻在pH 值较大时与金属离子的结合力较强， 洗脱时最好用酸度较高的溶液。酸度一致时， 用盐酸溶液洗脱效果比硝酸溶液要好。 He Jinlan (Research on the adsorption effect of Anabaena on some metal ions; "Rock and Mineral Test" Volume 11, No. 3, September 1992; P225-227) studied the adsorption and elution of some metal ions by Anabaena condition. research shows. Anabaena has a stronger binding force with metal ions when the pH value is higher, and it is better to use a solution with higher acidity for elution. When the acidity is consistent, the elution effect of hydrochloric acid solution is better than that of nitric acid solution.
目前也有人将蓝藻应用于污水处理系统，主要是通过单独培育蓝藻然后投放到曝气池的方法，但是曝气池中大量的细菌等微生物粘附在微藻上会导致微藻无法生长甚至死亡，这样就需要不停的投放，治理成本高昂。同时粘附的微生物会阻碍微藻对污水中重金属的吸附，影响吸附效率。并且吸附了重金属的蓝藻最终会沉淀到池底，从而形成重金属含量极高的污泥，相对于污水而言，含有重金属的污泥更加难以处理，目前只能通过水泥填埋的方式将这些污泥暂时封存，这种方式绝不是长久之计，在目前我国的污水处理系统中亟待解决。 At present, some people use cyanobacteria in sewage treatment systems, mainly by cultivating cyanobacteria alone and then putting them into the aeration tank. However, a large number of bacteria and other microorganisms in the aeration tank adhere to the microalgae, which will cause the microalgae to fail to grow or even die. , so that it needs to be put in continuously, and the management cost is high. At the same time, the adhered microorganisms will hinder the adsorption of heavy metals in sewage by microalgae and affect the adsorption efficiency. And the cyanobacteria that adsorbed heavy metals will eventually settle to the bottom of the pond, thus forming sludge with extremely high heavy metal content. Compared with sewage, sludge containing heavy metals is more difficult to treat. At present, these sludges can only be disposed of by cement landfill. The temporary storage of mud is by no means a long-term solution, and it needs to be solved urgently in the current sewage treatment system of our country.
固定化是使用化学或物理或生物手段，将游离细胞定位于限定的区域，使其保持活性并可反复利用的方法。最初主要用于发酵生产，70年代后期，被利用到水处理领域，近年来则成为各国学者研究的热点。固定化藻类技术克服了生物细胞太小，与水溶液分离较难的缺点，保持了效率高、稳定性强、能纯化和保持高效菌种的优点，在废水处理领域有广阔的应用前景。在实际应用过程中，为使固定化藻类能较长时间的保持活性，降低固定化成本，延长固定藻类的使用寿命，选择适宜的固定化方法和载体是该技术在污水处理中得到广泛应用的关键。 常用的固定化方法主要有：包埋法、交联法、载体结合法。 Immobilization is a method of using chemical, physical or biological means to locate free cells in a limited area so that they can be kept active and reused. It was mainly used for fermentation production at first, and was used in the field of water treatment in the late 1970s. In recent years, it has become a research hotspot for scholars from all over the world. Immobilized algae technology overcomes the shortcomings of too small biological cells and difficult separation from aqueous solution, and maintains the advantages of high efficiency, strong stability, purification and maintenance of high-efficiency bacteria, and has broad application prospects in the field of wastewater treatment. In the actual application process, in order to keep the immobilized algae active for a longer period of time, reduce the cost of immobilization, and prolong the service life of the immobilized algae, choosing the appropriate immobilization method and carrier is the key point for this technology to be widely used in sewage treatment. The essential. Commonly used immobilization methods mainly include: embedding method, cross-linking method, and carrier binding method.
交联法突出优点是可以获得很高的细胞密度，但由于缺乏良好的机械强度而不能得到广泛的应用。吸附法的固定操作简单，条件温和，而且载体可以再生；但是细胞与载体之间的结合力较弱，因此操作的稳定性不好。包埋法有较好的综合性能，催化活性保留和存活力都比较高，且包埋在反应工程（包括反应器的设计、操作稳定性等）中应用灵活，因此，包埋法成为整个固定化生物催化剂技术中应用最广泛的固定化方法；但是包埋法的扩散阻力较大，使细胞的催化活性受到限制，且不适用于涉及大分子物质的反应。 The outstanding advantage of the cross-linking method is that it can obtain a high cell density, but it cannot be widely used due to the lack of good mechanical strength. The immobilization operation of the adsorption method is simple, the conditions are mild, and the carrier can be regenerated; however, the binding force between the cells and the carrier is weak, so the stability of the operation is not good. The embedding method has good comprehensive performance, high catalytic activity retention and viability, and the embedding can be applied flexibly in reaction engineering (including reactor design, operation stability, etc.). It is the most widely used immobilization method in chemical biocatalyst technology; however, the diffusion resistance of the embedding method is relatively large, which limits the catalytic activity of cells and is not suitable for reactions involving macromolecular substances.
藻类固定化技术始于20世纪80年代，早期主要应用于生化物质和能源生产。在环境领域中固定化藻类主要应用于生物监测和废水处理，它具有藻细胞密度高，反应速度快，运行稳定可靠，微生物流失少，不需分离，能提纯和保持高效菌株的优点。固定化微藻细胞进行污水处理的研究刚刚起步，包括对N、P的去除，对重金属的吸收。 Algae immobilization technology began in the 1980s, and was mainly used in the production of biochemical substances and energy in the early days. In the environmental field, immobilized algae are mainly used in biological monitoring and wastewater treatment. It has the advantages of high algae cell density, fast response, stable and reliable operation, less microbial loss, no need for separation, and can purify and maintain high-efficiency strains. The research on immobilized microalgal cells for sewage treatment has just started, including the removal of N and P, and the absorption of heavy metals.
褐藻酸盐固定化是一种使用最广，研究最多的包埋固定化方法。它具有固化、成形、方便，对藻类毒性小，固定化细胞密度高等优点，利用褐藻酸盐凝胶固定化藻类，安全，快速，制备简单，反应条件温和，成本低廉且适用于大多数藻类的固定化。 Alginate immobilization is one of the most widely used and most studied embedding immobilization methods. It has the advantages of solidification, forming, convenience, low toxicity to algae, and high density of immobilized cells. It uses alginate gel to immobilize algae, which is safe, fast, simple to prepare, mild in reaction conditions, low in cost and suitable for most algae. Immobilized.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明旨在提供一种污水处理系统，通过筛选合适的蓝藻品种以及设计合理的吸附方案，解决目前污水治理过程产出更难处理的高浓度金属离子污泥的问题。 The present invention aims to provide a sewage treatment system, which solves the problem of more difficult-to-treat high-concentration metal ion sludge produced in the current sewage treatment process by screening suitable cyanobacteria species and designing a reasonable adsorption scheme.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案： In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种污水处理系统，包括：一沉池和曝气池，所述一沉池带有出水槽，所述出水槽底部设有连通曝气池的通道；其特征在于，所述出水槽设置在一沉池内部，为圆柱形，其中轴线上设置有转轴；所述出水槽内水平设置有绕所述转轴旋转的过滤网；所述过滤网上固定化有蓝藻；所述出水槽内固定设置有一个以所述转轴为轴心，半径与所述出水槽相等的扇形桶；所述扇形桶上边缘设置有橡皮圈，所述扇形桶上底面与所述过滤网位于同一水平面，所述扇形桶内装满洗脱液。 A sewage treatment system, comprising: a settling tank and an aeration tank, the first settling tank has a water outlet, the bottom of the water outlet is provided with a channel connected to the aeration tank; it is characterized in that the water outlet is arranged at The interior of a settling tank is cylindrical, and a rotating shaft is arranged on its central axis; a filter screen rotating around the rotating shaft is horizontally arranged in the water outlet tank; blue algae are immobilized on the filter screen; fixedly arranged in the water outlet tank A fan-shaped barrel with the rotating shaft as the axis and a radius equal to the outlet tank; a rubber ring is arranged on the upper edge of the fan-shaped barrel, and the upper bottom surface of the fan-shaped barrel is at the same level as the filter screen, and the fan-shaped barrel Filled with eluent.
所述蓝藻是指螺旋藻或者鱼腥藻。 The blue-green algae refers to spirulina or anabaena.
所述的固定化方法为褐藻酸盐包埋固定化。 The immobilization method is alginate embedding and immobilization.
所述洗脱液为等电点溶液。 The eluent is an isoelectric point solution.
所述橡皮圈的高度为0.5-2cm。 The height of the rubber ring is 0.5-2cm.
所述洗脱液是指pH为2-3的盐酸溶液。 The eluent refers to a hydrochloric acid solution with a pH of 2-3.
发明的有益效果： Beneficial effects of the invention:
1、本发明污水处理系统，通过在一沉池和曝气池之间设置过滤装置，实现曝气前先除重金属，这样重金属就不会大量沉淀到曝气池底部形成难治理的高重金属污泥。 1. In the sewage treatment system of the present invention, a filtering device is installed between a sedimentation tank and an aeration tank to remove heavy metals before aeration, so that a large amount of heavy metals will not settle to the bottom of the aeration tank to form refractory high-heavy metal sludge .
2、本发明选择高吸附性，并且易于固定化，且无毒害性的螺旋藻或者鱼腥藻作为重金属生物吸附材料，吸附效率好且不会造成水体的再度污染。 2. The present invention selects spirulina or anabaena which are highly adsorbable, easy to immobilize, and non-toxic as the heavy metal bioabsorption material, which has good adsorption efficiency and will not cause re-pollution of the water body.
3、本发明污水处理系统中创造性地设置了重金属洗脱装置，不仅实现了吸附材料的循环利用，而且可以对吸附出的重金属进行收集浓缩，为污水中重金属的进一步回收利用打下了良好的基础。 3. The heavy metal eluting device is creatively installed in the sewage treatment system of the present invention, which not only realizes the recycling of adsorption materials, but also can collect and concentrate the adsorbed heavy metals, laying a good foundation for further recycling of heavy metals in sewage .
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
为了更好地理解和实施本发明，下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明。 In order to better understand and implement the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.
实施例1 Example 1
一种污水处理系统，包括：一沉池和曝气池，所述一沉池带有出水槽，所述出水槽底部设有连通曝气池的通道；所述出水槽设置在一沉池内部，为圆柱形，其中轴线上设置有转轴；所述出水槽内水平设置有绕所述转轴旋转的过滤网；所述过滤网上通过褐藻酸盐包埋法固定化有螺旋藻；所述出水槽内固定设置有一个以所述转轴为轴心，半径与所述出水槽相等的扇形桶；所述扇形桶上边缘设置有高度为1cm的橡皮圈，所述扇形桶上底面与所述过滤网位于同一水平面，所述扇形桶内装满洗脱液。所述洗脱液为等电点溶液。 A sewage treatment system, comprising: a sedimentation tank and an aeration tank, the first sedimentation tank has a water outlet tank, the bottom of the water outlet tank is provided with a channel connected to the aeration tank; the water outlet tank is arranged inside a sedimentation tank , which is cylindrical, with a rotating shaft on the central axis; a filter screen rotating around the rotating shaft is horizontally arranged in the water outlet tank; spirulina is immobilized on the filter screen by an alginate embedding method; the water outlet tank The internal fixation is provided with a fan-shaped barrel with the rotating shaft as the axis and a radius equal to the outlet tank; the upper edge of the fan-shaped barrel is provided with a rubber ring with a height of 1 cm, and the upper bottom surface of the fan-shaped barrel is in contact with the filter screen. Located at the same level, the fan-shaped buckets are filled with eluent. The eluent is an isoelectric point solution.
实施例2 Example 2
一种污水处理系统，包括：一沉池和曝气池，所述一沉池带有出水槽，所述出水槽底部设有连通曝气池的通道；所述出水槽设置在一沉池内部，为圆柱形，其中轴线上设置有转轴；所述出水槽内水平设置有绕所述转轴旋转的过滤网；所述过滤网上通过褐藻酸盐包埋法固定化有螺旋藻；所述出水槽内固定设置有一个以所述转轴为轴心，半径与所述出水槽相等的扇形桶；所述扇形桶上边缘设置有高度为2cm的橡皮圈，所述扇形桶上底面与所述过滤网位于同一水平面，所述扇形桶内装满洗脱液。所述洗脱液是指pH为3的盐酸溶液。 A sewage treatment system, comprising: a sedimentation tank and an aeration tank, the first sedimentation tank has a water outlet tank, the bottom of the water outlet tank is provided with a channel connected to the aeration tank; the water outlet tank is arranged inside a sedimentation tank , which is cylindrical, with a rotating shaft on the central axis; a filter screen rotating around the rotating shaft is horizontally arranged in the water outlet tank; spirulina is immobilized on the filter screen by an alginate embedding method; the water outlet tank The internal fixation is provided with a fan-shaped barrel with the rotating shaft as the axis and a radius equal to that of the water outlet; the upper edge of the fan-shaped barrel is provided with a rubber ring with a height of 2 cm, and the upper bottom surface of the fan-shaped barrel is in contact with the filter screen. Located at the same level, the fan-shaped buckets are filled with eluent. The eluent refers to a hydrochloric acid solution with a pH of 3.
实施例3 Example 3
一种污水处理系统，包括：一沉池和曝气池，所述一沉池带有出水槽，所述出水槽底部设有连通曝气池的通道；所述出水槽设置在一沉池内部，为圆柱形，其中轴线上设置有转轴；所述出水槽内水平设置有绕所述转轴旋转的过滤网；所述过滤网上通过褐藻酸盐包埋法固定化有螺旋藻；所述出水槽内固定设置有一个以所述转轴为轴心，半径与所述出水槽相等的扇形桶；所述扇形桶上边缘设置有高度为0.5cm的橡皮圈，所述扇形桶上底面与所述过滤网位于同一水平面，所述扇形桶内装满洗脱液。所述洗脱液是指pH为2的盐酸溶液。 A sewage treatment system, comprising: a sedimentation tank and an aeration tank, the first sedimentation tank has a water outlet tank, the bottom of the water outlet tank is provided with a channel connected to the aeration tank; the water outlet tank is arranged inside a sedimentation tank , which is cylindrical, with a rotating shaft on the central axis; a filter screen rotating around the rotating shaft is horizontally arranged in the water outlet tank; spirulina is immobilized on the filter screen by an alginate embedding method; the water outlet tank The internal fixation is provided with a fan-shaped barrel with the rotating shaft as the axis and a radius equal to that of the water outlet; the upper edge of the fan-shaped barrel is provided with a rubber ring with a height of 0.5 cm, and the upper bottom of the fan-shaped barrel is in contact with the filter. The nets are located at the same level, and the fan-shaped barrels are filled with eluent. The eluent refers to a hydrochloric acid solution with a pH of 2.
Claims (6)
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