CN1047036A - 带自锁可拆卸接头的导向延长线 - Google Patents

带自锁可拆卸接头的导向延长线 Download PDF

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CN1047036A
CN1047036A CN89103086A CN89103086A CN1047036A CN 1047036 A CN1047036 A CN 1047036A CN 89103086 A CN89103086 A CN 89103086A CN 89103086 A CN89103086 A CN 89103086A CN 1047036 A CN1047036 A CN 1047036A
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托马斯·J·帕莱尔莫
斯蒂芬·M·萨蒙
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Abstract

一种用于更换导管的导向线装置不需要单独的更换线,其更换导管的方法是:把一根延长线连接到所述导向线的近端,从而增加了导向线的有效长度,以允许更换导管。通过一种可拆卸和可重新连接的接头把导向线的近端连接到更换线的远端上,这种连接方法避免了连接处的变形。

Description

本发明涉及用来引导导管的导向线和延长导向线有效长度、从而便于导管更换的装置和方法。
在一些导管插入术里,为了能顺利地完成正在进行中的手术,最理想的方法是使用一系列导管。例如,在经皮贯穿(translu-minal)冠状血管成形术里,把一根气囊式导管插入冠状动脉的狭窄区域里,充气后,使狭窄冠状动脉膨胀。对内科医生来说,连续使用数个其气囊尺寸逐渐增大的扩张导管是不寻常的。通常是使用带有导向线的导管,该导向线穿过导管,并作为导向体,导管可经由该导向体插入动脉狭窄区域。当更换导管时,重要的是不移动和改变导向线的位置,以使导向线可用来引导下一个导管插入狭窄的区域。为了保证导向线的位置不变,过去习惯上一直是使用一根比较长的,其长度范围约300厘米的更换线(相应的常规导向线长约175厘米)。首先,通过从现有的导管上取走常规导向线,并用更长的更换线代替,从而,将常规导向线(长度范围约175厘米)换成更换线(长度范围约300星米),然后,经过更换线取出现有的导管。由于更换线相当长,因此,被抽出的导管不会越过更换线,从而,在取出导管时,内科医生或其助手能保证使更换线的位置不变。当抽走第一根导管后,就可沿更换线推进第二根导管,该更换线将第二根导管引到动脉狭窄区,接着可取走更换线,并换用常规导向线。这是因为一般在进行    管成形术中,使用常规导向线更容易操作。
上述更换导管的方法既耗时又不方便,现已研制出更先进的,不需使用过渡更换线的更换导管的方法和装置,并已投入临床使用。简单地说,该装置利用了一根延长线,该延长线与已插入患者体内的导向线近端相连,使导向线的总长度增加到满足更换导管的需要。该装置使用一种连接法,其中,将延长线的末端与导向线的最近端套在一起,然后,将会合处压偏,通过连接处的变形,来保持延长线和导向线连在一起。这种压接使导管通过该连接处时,仅有小的阻力。无论如何,阻力总是存在的,过去要完全消除因压接而产生的这种阻力是不可能的。另外,在使用中需要压接工具,使这种装置使用起来不方便。由于在连接导向线及其延长线时,产生了变形,因此,经拆除后不能重新连接或简便地再使用它们。因此,如果希望多次进行导管的更换,就有些不便。
为导向线和延长线提供一种经改进的接头是本发明的主要目的之一。
根据本发明,导向线及其延长线的连接装置使用了一种套插式的接头。该接头是自锁的,可拆开和多次使用,并保证不使导向线及其延长线发生变形。这种接头能保证在更换导管时,接上延长线,并在更换后卸下延长线,使整个操作过程和传统的操作一模一样。如果需要更换另一根导管,则只需简单地将可重复使用的延长线接到导向线的近端后,即可重复进行导管的更换。使用该装置,导向线与延长线的连接和拆卸次数是不限的,就象导管更换的次数不受限制一样。
更详细地说,在导向线的近端,有一个管状的插口,而延长线具有其末端和管状插口相配合的小轴。轴的末端部分盘有用金属线(其横截面最好是矩形)构成的螺旋弹簧。该螺旋弹簧末端固定在延长线的轴上,另一端为自由端,使螺旋弹簧相对于轴身自由伸缩。带有螺旋弹簧的延长线末端能容易地插入插口内,并可靠地自锁,而不易脱落。拆卸时,只要在拧动导向延长线的同时,轴向拔出即可容易地从插口中卸下延长线。这种拧动使轴上的螺旋弹簧脱离插口的内表面。在另一种形式的接头上,用夹住和拉曳螺旋弹簧自由端的方法来使延长线脱离。
设计一种更先进的导向延长线是本发明的主要目的之一。同时,设计一种带有自锁功能,在拆装导向线及其延长线时,连接处不变形的接头是本发明的另一个目的。
本发明的再一个目的是为导向线和导面延长线提供了一个可拆开和可再连接的接头。而且,当导管通过导向线和延长线连接处时,阻力最小。
本发明上述的优点将从下面进一步的描述中得到更全面的理解。参照附图:
图1是经过导管插入术患者的图解实例。在模型里,表示了导向线和更换线。
图2是本发明的导向线的分段图例。
图3是本发明的延长线的分段图例。
图4是导向线近端和延长线末端相连接的图例。
图5是使导向线和延长线更方便地连接的装置的图例。
图6是导向线和延长线连接区域的分段图例。在连接处,螺旋弹簧有一近端,它向插口的外面伸出。
在图1实例里,导管10和导向线12已经插入患者股动脉里,并已通过患者心脏区域,在那里将进行手术。导向线12和导管10是根据公知的步骤插入和放置在动脉里的。当要求进行导管更换时,一般的做法是从导管10移去导向线,并用较长的更换线代替它。接着,导管10经过更换线移去。而下一根导管经过更换线引进患者体内。然后再移去更换线,用一根短的普通导向线代替。
根据本发明,导管可以在不要求移去导向线12的情况下被交换,而且也不需要留心更换线的使用。在本发明的实施例中,导向线12被连接在延长线20的近端,而导向线12和导管10保留在患者体内。延长线20被可靠地连接在导向线12的近端,使导向线12延长至足够的长度,以便允许导管10经过导向线12和延长部分24被取出。此外,本发明利用了一个在导向线和延长线之间的改进型接头。
图2表示一根根据本发明改进的导向线22。该导向线可以具有Leary的美国专利4,545,390里所例举的型式。该专利例举了一根细长的不锈钢轴24,该轴有一近端(在图2左边)和一带有螺旋弹簧25的末端(在图2右边)。该导向线也可以具有更普通的结构,其中,螺旋弹簧大体上在全部长度范围伸长。此处,Leary型导向线是作为例子介绍的。在该例子中,导向线长约175厘米,并且,具有直径0.016英寸的轴24。在本实施例中,轴24的近端装有与轴24外径相同的管状部件26,该部件有一细长的内插口28。管状部件26可以由市场上可买到的皮下注射器管构成。这种管子具有的粗糙内表面可以提高连接强度。管状部件26确定
Figure 891030867_IMG1
插口28约5至8厘米深,直径为0.009英寸。管状部件26可以具有约0.003英寸的壁厚。
图3是延长线的分段图,该延长线总的用标号30表示,为使图例更清楚,延长线近端轴向压缩。延长线30有一近端(图3的左边)和一末端(图3的右边)。延长线30的总长约125厘米,当它与175厘米长的导向线连接时,总长为300厘米,相当于普通更换线的长度。延长线30是由一细长的不锈钢轴制成,也就是由图3里的A、B、C、D和E部分组成。最近端A占据延长线30的大部分长度,其直径约为0.016英寸。举个例子来说,近端部分为117厘米长。轴的较远端为8厘米,包括B、C、D和E部分,其直径朝着末端成锥形递减。锥形部分B约为3厘米长,直径渐减至约0.0085英寸。圆柱部分C约2厘米长,直径为0.0085英寸。圆柱部分C与较远处锥形部分D相接,后者长度约1厘米,直径渐减至0.006英寸。锥形部分D与末端圆柱部分E相接,后者直径约0.006英寸,长2厘米。在延长线30的末端圆柱部分E上盘装了一根螺旋弹簧40,弹簧内径稍微比远端E部分直径大些(约大0.001英寸至0.002英寸)。弹簧的外径等于或稍大于导向线22上管状插口28的内径,以提供一个轻微的过盈,与插口配合。作为例子,螺旋弹簧40约1厘米长,外径为0.009英寸,内径为0.007英寸。螺旋弹簧40最好是由具有偏平的矩形横截面的金属线制成,尺寸最好为0.001英寸乘0.005英寸。弹簧40最好具有略呈锥形的直径,弹簧近端数圈直径稍大,以保证弹簧和插口内表面之间有轻微的过盈配合(直径有大约0.001英寸至0.002英寸的过盈)。例如,弹簧的近端二至三圈可以有稍微大点的外径,约0.010英寸至0.011英寸。在弹簧40的末端,用铜焊42的方法,把弹簧40连接在末端部分E上。弹簧近端44是自由的,允许弹簧40在末端E的范围内伸长或缩短。弹簧40的长度和位置最好是这样的,以致于它的自由端44与轴的远端45的距离大体上不超过15厘米。
通过把延长线30的末端插入导向线22近端的管状插口28里,使延长线30和导向线22方便地连接起来。插入时,至少弹簧40的几圈略有过盈地与插口28的内表面46接合,使弹簧40轴向伸长,这又使弹簧40相对于末端部分E缩小直径,从而,插入插口28内。无论如何,在插口里一经定位,弹簧40保持着其延伸方向的位移,这使弹簧40靠在插口28的内表面46上。构成弹簧40的金属线的矩形横截面具有相当尖锐的特殊边缘48,它与插口12的内表面接合,提供了相对牢固的连接,防止轴向脱离。可见,这种结构是自锁的,不要求其它的控制。这里描述的导向线和延长部分的连接能经得住大于四磅的轴向拉力。
导向线22和延长线30卸下也容易,方法是在导向延长线末端,朝着弹簧收缩的方向扭转延长线30。同时,轴向地从插口28中拉出。本实施例中,应当将延长线30顺时针扭转,如图4左边所示。延长线30和导向线22可以任意的多次再连接和拆开,所以,允许延长线重复使用。事实上,延长线的近端A的外径是与导向线22的外径基本上相等的。连接是平滑、连续的,对导管通过连接处的移动没有任何阻力。
图6例举的变型本质上是与上述实施例一样的,只是螺旋弹簧40′的长度和位置有所不同。即,螺旋弹簧近端的一部分47伸出插口28。这种结构提供了拆开导向线和延长线的附加方法。内科医生可以方便地握住弹簧露出插口部分,并朝近端方向拉。这样,弹簧拉长,外径减小,延长线可以从插口28内表面脱离,并方便拉出。在这种结构里,末端圆柱部分E′(其上装着螺旋弹簧)有足够的长度留在插口以外,用于上述操作。而且,圆柱部分E′可以由单一的锥形部分D′连接到轴的近端圆柱部分A,省去了图3里例举的中间锥形部分。
在实际操作中,医生们希望有一个引导装置来引导延长线末端进入管状插口。该装置可以是带有漏斗的管件夹具50,该漏斗通向插口,用来导引延长线末端。这个装置可以由塑料模压制成。如图5所示,该图表示一副塑料夹具52、54,当它们闭合在一起时,形成导向线插口端的园槽56,和用于接纳并引导延长线的末端的漏斗状导槽58。
综上所述,可以理解本发明提供了一个改进的连接装置,它使导向线和延长线连接方便,而且,不使用压接工具或其它一些使导向线和延长线永久变形的装置。本发明使延长线可以连接、拆开和再连接,既使要求多次导管交换,该装置也是允许的。此外,所述连接处是平滑的,非压偏的连接,导管可以容易地通过该连接处,且仅有很小的阻力。
但是,很明显,上述关于本发明的说明仅仅是其例证;对于本领域的技术人员来说,显然可以在不脱离本发明精神的情况下作出其他变形和实施例。

Claims (11)

1、能进行多次导管更换的导向和导向线延长线,其特征在于包括:
带有近端和末端的导向线,
带有近端和末端的延长线,
在导向线近端和延长线末端的共同的自锁连接装置,用于可拆卸地连接导向线和延长线,所述连接装置的结构和安装方式使得该装置在拆卸之后可以再连接。
2、权利要求1的导向线和延长线,其特征在于:所述连接装置避免了导向线近端和延长线远端的永久变形。
3、权利要求2的导向线和延长线,其特征在于:所述连接装置包括套插式结构。
4、权利要求3的导向线和延长线,其特征在于:导向线近端有一插口,而延长线末端有一自锁的闭锁件,该自锁的闭锁件插入所述插口中。
5、权利要求4的导向线和延长线,其特征在于:所述闭锁件包括螺旋弹簧,螺旋弹簧的末端固定在延长线的末端,而螺旋弹簧的近端是自由端,该弹簧能相对于延长线末端轴向伸长和径向收缩。
6、权利要求5的导向线和延长线,其特征在于:所述螺旋弹簧是由矩形截面的金属线构成的。
7、权利要求5的导向线和延长线,其特征在于:导向线延长线包括一根细长的轴,轴的末端部分直径减小,上述螺旋弹簧盘装在减小直径的末端上。
8、权利要求5的导向线和延长线,其特征在于:螺旋弹簧的近端有几圈弹簧直径稍大于末端处弹簧圈的直径。
9、权利要求5的导向线和延长线,其特征在于:除延长线的减小直径的末端部分外,导向线直径基本上是与延长线直径一致的。
10、权利要求5至7中的任一项以及权利要求9的导向线,其特征在于:所述螺旋弹簧的长度及其在延长线末端的安装方式使得当延长线插入导向线插口时,螺旋弹簧的近端露出导向线的近端。
11、权利要求10的导向线和延长线,其特征在于:保持在插口里面的若干螺旋弹簧圈的直径稍大于较远处弹簧圈的直径。
CN89103086A 1988-06-13 1989-05-06 带自锁可拆卸接头的导向延长线 Pending CN1047036A (zh)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0231765A (ja) 1990-02-01
CA1330028C (en) 1994-06-07
KR900000096A (ko) 1990-01-30
AU622901B2 (en) 1992-04-30
DE68918632T2 (de) 1995-03-16
ES2063124T3 (es) 1995-01-01
JP2571850B2 (ja) 1997-01-16
AU3475689A (en) 1989-12-14
DE68918632T3 (de) 1998-04-09
EP0347035A2 (en) 1989-12-20
DE68918632D1 (de) 1994-11-10
IE65879B1 (en) 1995-11-29
EP0347035A3 (en) 1990-08-01
ES2063124T5 (es) 1998-04-01
US5133364A (en) 1992-07-28
IE891592L (en) 1989-12-13
EP0347035B2 (en) 1997-12-03
MY103860A (en) 1993-09-30
NZ228946A (en) 1991-11-26
EP0347035B1 (en) 1994-10-05

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