CN104690404B - The welding method of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel - Google Patents
The welding method of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104690404B CN104690404B CN201510122604.8A CN201510122604A CN104690404B CN 104690404 B CN104690404 B CN 104690404B CN 201510122604 A CN201510122604 A CN 201510122604A CN 104690404 B CN104690404 B CN 104690404B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 232
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007546 Brinell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
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Abstract
The present invention relates to welding field, disclose the welding method of a kind of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel, this welding method includes: T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel mother metal to be welded is carried out multilamellar welding, the welding of described multilamellar includes prime coat welding, packed layer welding and the welding of capping layer successively, and interlayer temperature is 50 150 DEG C.The most significantly strengthened by stretch-proof performance, shock resistance and the bending resistance of the welding point after the welding that the welding method of the present invention obtains, and its Brinell hardness is met the related request of DL/T752 2001 and DL 869 2004 etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the welding method of a kind of dissimilar steel, in particular it relates to the welding of a kind of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel
Method.
Background technology
In JIUYUE, 2014, National Development and Reform Committee, Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection and ministries and commissions of National Energy Board three combine and issue " coal electricity energy-saving and emission-reduction
Upgrading and transformation action plan (2014-2020) ".Require that newly-built coal fired power generation project uses 600,000 kilowatts and above super
Criticality benchmark.Domestic go into operation and at up to a hundred of ultra supercritical million unit built, the new and effective unit meter of more high parameter
Draw build and also have tens of build, above-mentioned unit all selected T22, T91, T92, TP347H, Super304H,
The heat resistance Steel materials such as HR3C, but the raising of unit parameter means that material needs to tolerate higher temperature and bigger pressure
Power.Therefore, during the manufacture, installation and maintenance of Boiler of Ultra-supercritical Unit, Boiler of Ultra-supercritical Unit heat resistance
Whether the solder technology of material becomes can the core key technology of Effec-tive Function extra-supercritical unit.
At present, in the super-critical and ultra super-critical power unit of China, Dissimilar Steel Welded Joint generally exists, and can be divided into two classes: difficult to understand
Family name's body steel and ferritic steel (A/F) welding point and ferritic steel and ferritic steel (F/F) welding point.Due to description of materials
Many, there is varied different combining form in dissimilar steel joint, makes new material different steel weld complication, diversification,
T22 and TP347H different steel weld is wherein typical representative.The Dissimilar Steel Welded Joint that existing solder technology obtains is main
There is the defect that stretch-proof performance, shock resistance, bending resistance and Brinell hardness are relatively low, thus cause welding point to occur
The problem such as weld crack and initial aging stage.
Therefore, need badly in the market find a kind of simple for welding T22 and TP347H different steel weld operating procedure,
The action pane of postwelding product is wide in range, welding quality is high and welding point can have stretch-proof performance, shock resistance simultaneously
The welding method of the advantage strong with bending resistance, effectively to reduce T22 and TP347H Dissimilar Steel Welded Joint initial failure
Tendency, it is ensured that unit safety operation so that T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel can obtain extensively in super-critical and ultra super-critical power unit
General popularization and application.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the welding method of a kind of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel, this welding method operating procedure
Simple and welding quality high, use stretch-proof performance, shock resistance and the bending resistance of the welding point that the method obtains
The most significantly strengthened, and its Brinell hardness is met the related request of DL/T752-2001 and DL 869-2004 etc., so that
T22 and the TP347H dissimilar steel obtained must be welded and can obtain popularization and application widely in super-critical and ultra super-critical power unit.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides the welding method of a kind of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel, this welding method
Including: T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel mother metal to be welded carries out multilamellar welding, and the welding of described multilamellar includes that prime coat welds successively
Connect, packed layer welds and the welding of capping layer, and interlayer temperature is 50-150 DEG C, wherein,
The condition of described prime coat welding includes: welding current is 80-90A, and weldingvoltage is 10-14V, and speed of welding is
30-40mm/min；
The condition of described packed layer welding includes: welding current is 90-100A, and weldingvoltage is 10-14V, speed of welding
For 40-50mm/min；
The condition of described capping layer welding includes: welding current is 90-100A, and weldingvoltage is 10-14V, speed of welding
For 40-50mm/min.
By the stretch-proof performance of T22 and the TP347H Dissimilar Steel Welded Joint after the welding that technique scheme obtains,
Shock resistance and bending resistance are the most significantly strengthened, and its Brinell hardness meets DL/T 752-2001 and DL 869-
The related request of 2004 grades, so that T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel can obtain extensively in super-critical and ultra super-critical power unit
Popularization and application.Specifically, tensile strength R of T22 and TP347H Dissimilar Steel Welded JointmV can reach more than 465MPa, resist
Extension strength R0.2pV can reach more than 260MPa and elongation percentage can reach more than 16%；Heat affected area, T22 mother metal side rushes
Hit merit Akv to reach more than 180J and heat affected area, TP347H mother metal side Impact energy Ak v and can reach more than 110J, weld seam
Impact energy Ak v can reach more than 110J；Heat affected area, T22 mother metal side Brinell hardness is 160-190HB, TP347H Brinell hardness
It is 170-181HB for 165-175HB and weld seam Brinell hardness.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in detailed description of the invention part subsequently.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail.It should be appreciated that described herein specifically
Embodiment is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The present invention provides the welding method of a kind of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel, and this welding method includes: by be welded
T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel mother metal carries out multilamellar welding, the welding of described multilamellar include successively prime coat welding, packed layer welding and
Capping layer welds, and interlayer temperature is 50-150 DEG C, wherein,
The condition of described prime coat welding includes: welding current is 80-90A, and weldingvoltage is 10-14V, and speed of welding is
30-40mm/min；
The condition of described packed layer welding includes: welding current is 90-100A, and weldingvoltage is 10-14V, speed of welding
For 40-50mm/min；
The condition of described capping layer welding includes: welding current is 90-100A, and weldingvoltage is 10-14V, speed of welding
For 40-50mm/min.
Welding method according to the present invention, it is preferable that female in described dissimilar steel to be welded before carrying out multilamellar welding
V-butt is offered in the welding position of material.Described V-butt is formed by electric angle grinder reconditioning, after reconditioning, by described V-arrangement
The surface polishing at the mother metal position that groove is corresponding is clean, and exposes metallic luster.
Under preferable case, the unlimited angle of described V-butt is 55 °-60 °, and the mother metal of fusing can be made to account for welding bead metal
Percentage ratio (i.e. penetration ratio) reduce.In welding process, owing to excessive penetration ratio can increase the dilution rate of weld seam, make transition
Layer becomes apparent from, and the unlimited angle of above-mentioned preferred described V-butt can control the thickness of transition zone, thus improves welding
The welding performance of joint.
According to the welding method of the present invention, under preferable case, the welding rod model that multilamellar of the present invention welding uses is
At least one in ERNiCr-3, NiCrFe-3 and T-HR3C；In the case of more preferably, the welding rod model that the welding of described multilamellar uses
For ERNiCr-3.The above-mentioned welding rod of the present invention is used to carry out multilamellar welding, it is possible to make the dissimilar steel mother metal that welding position melts with molten
Metallisation (the welding rod part of fusing in weld seam) forms this different materials of continuous print solid solution, i.e. dissimilar steel mother metal and welding rod and melts
Continuous print solid solution can be formed after change.As such, it is possible to the generation preventing intermetallic compound becomes with the residue preventing solid solution
The precipitation divided, thus improve the welding performance of welding point.
In the present invention, prime coat welding, packed layer welding and the welding of capping layer in welding described multilamellar uses
Core diameter not particularly requirement, those skilled in the art can be according to actual needs at various models commonly used in the art
Select in enclosing, it is preferable that a diameter of Φ 1.6mm-Φ 2.4mm of the welding rod that the welding of described multilamellar uses.
According to the welding method of the present invention, in welding position carries out multilayer welding termination process, interlayer temperature is controlled at 50-
In the range of 150 DEG C, so can reduce lasting heat input, reduce high-temperature residence time, improve molten bath crystalline state.Preferably
The interlayer temperature of described multilamellar welding is 100-140 DEG C.
In the present invention, the control method of described interlayer temperature can use conventional use of method, can be such as
Whole welding process uses the temperature of infrared thermometer monitoring welding position, when the temperature of welding position exceedes preset temperature
The upper limit of permission time, stop welding operation, proceed temperature monitoring simultaneously；The temperature at position to be welded is down to close in advance
If during the permission lower limit of temperature, being further continued for being subjected to.
According to the welding method of the present invention, this welding method also includes: in described multilamellar is welded, will in the way of backstep welding
Every layer is welded into spaced multiple welding bead segmentation.Under preferable case, in two adjacent welding bead segmentations, previous welding bead
Receiving of segmentation is spaced 5-10mm between arc position and the starting the arc position of later welding bead segmentation.So, stress distribution can be made equal
Even, it is to avoid stress is concentrated and caused the decline of welding quality.Further, according to the embodiment being more highly preferred to of the present invention, many
After each welding bead segmentation welding of individual welding bead segmentation, use hand hammer that this welding bead segmentation and heat affected area are tapped, directly
Surface to this welding bead segmentation and heat affected area is covered with pit.So, portion of residual stress can be eliminated further, and welding bead is divided
The stress distribution on the surface of section and heat affected area is modified to compressive stress state by tensile stress state, thus is effectively prevented and splits
The generation of stricture of vagina.
According to the welding method of the present invention, multilayer welding of the present invention is carried out in the presence of being connected on Ar protective gas, preferably feelings
Under condition, in described protective gas, the concentration of Ar is 99.99%.
In the present invention, it is preferred to the flow of described protective gas can be 9-11L/min.
In the present invention, to the equipment of described welding, there is no particular limitation, and those skilled in the art can be according to routine
The various welding equipments used select, and the such as present invention can use Miller electric welding machine to weld.
According to a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention, the welding method of described T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel can be wrapped
Include following steps: take two sections of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel mother metals.Welding position by two sections of HR3C heat resisting steel mother metals to be welded
Offer the V-butt that unlimited angle is 55 °-60 °；Then in the presence of Ar protective gas and welding rod that model is ERNiCr-3,
Miller welding machine is used to carry out prime coat welding, packed layer welding and the welding of capping layer at described heat resisting steel V-butt successively,
The core diameter used is Φ 1.6mm-Φ 2.4mm.Every layer is welded in the way of backstep welding by welding spaced
Multiple welding bead segmentations, in two adjacent welding bead segmentations, previous welding bead segmentation receive arc position and later welding bead segmentation
It is spaced 5-10mm between starting the arc position, so that two sections of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel mother metals weld together, controls interlayer temperature
For 50-150 DEG C.The condition wherein welded is as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1
| Welding current A | Weldingvoltage V | Speed of welding mm/min | |
| Prime coat welds | 80-90 | 10-14 | 30-40 |
| Packed layer welds | 90-100 | 10-14 | 40-50 |
| Capping layer welds | 90-100 | 10-14 | 40-50 |
Hereinafter will be described the present invention by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Take one section of T22 steel and one section of TP347H steel mother metal.By two sections of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel mother metals to be welded
The V-butt that unlimited angle is 60 ° is offered in welding position；Then at Ar protective gas and welding rod ERNiCr-3, (core diameter is
Φ 1.6mm) in the presence of, use Miller welding machine to carry out prime coat welding (welding electricity at described heat resisting steel V-butt successively
Stream is for 80A, and weldingvoltage is 10V, and speed of welding is 30mm/min), (welding current is 90A, and weldingvoltage is in packed layer welding
10V, speed of welding is 40mm/min) and capping layer welds, and (welding current is 90A, and weldingvoltage is 10V, and speed of welding is
40mm/min), controlling interlayer temperature is 100 DEG C；Welding is welded into spaced multiple weldering in backstep welding mode by every layer
Road segmentation, receiving of previous welding bead segmentation is spaced 5mm between arc position and the starting the arc position of later welding bead segmentation, so that two
Section T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel mother metal welds together, and obtains welding product X1.
Embodiment 2
Take one section of T22 steel and one section of TP347H steel mother metal.By two sections of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel mother metals to be welded
The V-butt that unlimited angle is 55 ° is offered in welding position；Then at Ar protective gas and welding rod ERNiCr-3, (core diameter is
Φ 1.6mm) in the presence of, use Miller welding machine to carry out prime coat welding (welding electricity at described heat resisting steel V-butt successively
Stream is for 90A, and weldingvoltage is 14V, and speed of welding is 40mm/min), (welding current is 100A, weldingvoltage in packed layer welding
For 14V, speed of welding is 50mm/min) and capping layer welds, and (welding current is 100A, and weldingvoltage is 14V, and speed of welding is
50mm/min), controlling interlayer temperature is 150 DEG C；Welding is welded into spaced multiple weldering in backstep welding mode by every layer
Road segmentation, receiving of previous welding bead segmentation is spaced 10mm between arc position and the starting the arc position of later welding bead segmentation, so that
Two sections of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel mother metals weld together, and obtain welding product X2.
Embodiment 3
Take one section of T22 steel and one section of TP347H steel mother metal.By two sections of T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel mother metals to be welded
The V-butt that unlimited angle is 58 ° is offered in welding position；Then at Ar protective gas and welding rod ERNiCr-3, (core diameter is
Φ 2.4mm) in the presence of, use Miller welding machine to carry out prime coat welding (welding electricity at described heat resisting steel V-butt successively
Stream is 80A, and weldingvoltage is 12V, and speed of welding is 40mm/min；), packed layer welding (welding current is 90A, weldingvoltage
For 12V, speed of welding is 50mm/min) and capping layer welds, and (welding current is 90A, and weldingvoltage is 12V, and speed of welding is
50mm/min), controlling interlayer temperature is 100 DEG C；Welding is welded into spaced multiple weldering in backstep welding mode by every layer
Road segmentation, receiving of previous welding bead segmentation is spaced 7mm between arc position and the starting the arc position of later welding bead segmentation, so that two
Section T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel mother metal welds together, and obtains welding product X3.
Embodiment 4
Welding method same as in Example 1 is used to carry out, except that, at described T22 to be welded before welding
The unlimited angle offering V-butt with the welding position of TP347H dissimilar steel mother metal is 45 °, obtains welding product X4.
Embodiment 5
Welding method same as in Example 1 is used to carry out, except that, in backstep welding mode by every layer of welding in welding
Become spaced multiple welding bead segmentation, the receipts arc position of previous welding bead segmentation and the starting the arc position of later welding bead segmentation
Between be spaced 0mm, obtain welding product X5.
Comparative example 1
Welding method same as in Example 1 is used to carry out, except that, interlayer temperature is 200 DEG C, obtains welding and produces
Product D1.
Test case
Test case 1-5 is for illustrating T22 and the TP347H Dissimilar Steel Welded Joint using the welding method of the present invention to obtain
Performance test.
(1) stretch-proof performance test
The method specified according to GB2651-2008 is respectively to embodiment 1-5 and the welding product X1-X5 of comparative example 1 gained
Welding point with D1 carries out the test of tensile property, and the result of gained is as shown in table 2.
(2) bending resistance test
The method specified according to GB/T2653-2008 is respectively to embodiment 1-5 and the welding product X1-of comparative example 1 gained
The welding point of X5 is curved the test of performance, and the result of gained is as shown in table 2.
(3) shock resistance test
The method specified according to GB2650-2008 is respectively to embodiment 1-5 and the welding product X1-X5 of comparative example 1 gained
Welding point with D1 carries out the test of impact property, and the result of gained is as shown in table 2.
(4) Brinell hardness test
The method specified according to GB/T 231.1-2009 is respectively to embodiment 1-5 and the welding product of comparative example 1 gained
The welding point of X1-X5 and D1 carries out the test of Brinell hardness, and the result of gained is as shown in table 2.
From the results shown in Table 2, the welding of T22 and the TP347H dissimilar steel that the welding method of the employing present invention obtains
Stretch-proof performance, shock resistance and the bending resistance of joint all obtains significantly enhancing, and its Brinell hardness meets DL/
The related request of T 752-2001 and DL 869-2004 etc..Specifically, the tension of T22 and TP347H Dissimilar Steel Welded Joint is strong
Degree RmV can reach more than 465MPa, anti-extension strength R0.2pV can reach more than 260MPa and elongation percentage can reach
More than 16%；Heat affected area, T22 mother metal side Impact energy Ak v can reach more than 180J and the punching of heat affected area, TP347H mother metal side
Hit that merit Akv can reach more than 100J, weld impingement merit Akv can reach more than 110J；Heat affected area Bu Shi is hard in T22 mother metal side
Degree is 165-175HB for 160-190HB, TP347H Brinell hardness and weld seam Brinell hardness is 170-181HB.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above, but, the present invention is not limited in above-mentioned embodiment
Detail, in the technology concept of the present invention, technical scheme can be carried out multiple simple variant, this
A little simple variant belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a welding method for T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel, this welding method includes: by different for T22 and TP347H to be welded
Planting steel mother metal and carry out multilamellar welding, the welding of described multilamellar includes prime coat welding, packed layer welding and the welding of capping layer successively, and
Interlayer temperature is 50-150 DEG C, wherein,
The condition of described prime coat welding includes: welding current is 80-90A, and weldingvoltage is 10-14V, and speed of welding is 30-
40mm/min；
The condition of described packed layer welding includes: welding current is 90-100A, and weldingvoltage is 10-14V, and speed of welding is 40-
50mm/min；
The condition of described capping layer welding includes: welding current is 90-100A, and weldingvoltage is 10-14V, and speed of welding is 40-
50mm/min；
Wherein, described T22 and TP347H dissimilar steel mother to be welded before this welding method is additionally included in and carries out multilamellar welding
V-butt is offered in the welding position of material, and the unlimited angle of described V-butt is 55 °-60 °.
Welding method the most according to claim 1, wherein, the interlayer temperature of described multilamellar welding is 100-140 DEG C.
Welding method the most according to claim 1, wherein, described multilamellar welding use welding rod model be ERNiCr-3,
At least one in NiCrFe-3 and T-HR3C.
4. the core diameter that according to the welding method described in any one in claim 1-3, wherein, the welding of described multilamellar uses
For Φ 1.6mm-Φ 2.4mm.
5. according to the welding method described in any one in claim 1-3, wherein, the mode of operation of described multilamellar welding is:
In the way of backstep welding, every layer is welded into spaced multiple welding bead segmentation.
Welding method the most according to claim 5, wherein, in two adjacent welding bead segmentations, previous welding bead segmentation
Receive and between arc position and the starting the arc position of later welding bead segmentation, be spaced 5-10mm.
7. according to the welding method described in any one in claim 1-3, wherein, described multilayer welding is connected on Ar protective gas and deposits
Under carry out.
Welding method the most according to claim 7, wherein, the flow of described protective gas is 5-15L/min.
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| CN107498143A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-12-22 | 中国核工业二三建设有限公司 | The welding method of P355NH and 18MnD5 dissimilar steels |
| CN107498150A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-12-22 | 中国核工业二三建设有限公司 | A kind of different steel weld method |
| CN108247186A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-07-06 | 无锡海核装备科技有限公司 | For the different steel weld method of pearlite heatproof steel and austenitic stainless steel |
| CN108581141A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-28 | 江苏大学 | A kind of welding method of high temperature gas cooled reactor heat-transfer pipe dissimilar materials |
| CN113399864B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2022-07-22 | 河北省特种设备监督检验研究院 | Welding method and welding wire for T91 and TP347H dissimilar steels |
| CN116100192B (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-09-08 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Flux-cored wire and method for manufacturing flux-cored wire |
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