CN104677956A - Method for detecting electroneutral organic pollutants by use of universal potentiometry - Google Patents
Method for detecting electroneutral organic pollutants by use of universal potentiometry Download PDFInfo
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- CN104677956A CN104677956A CN201310617710.4A CN201310617710A CN104677956A CN 104677956 A CN104677956 A CN 104677956A CN 201310617710 A CN201310617710 A CN 201310617710A CN 104677956 A CN104677956 A CN 104677956A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the detection of electroneutral organic pollutants by use of universal potentiometry and specifically relates to a method for detecting the electroneutral organic pollutants by use of the universal potentiometry. The method specifically comprises the following steps: constructing an electroneutral organic pollutant surface imprinting layer on the surface of a traditional polymer film ion selective electrode sensitive film by use of a surface molecular imprinting technique, taking common ions as indicating ions to indicate the selective recognition process between the imprinting layer and neutral organic pollutant molecules to be detected, and then realizing the potential detection of the organic pollutants. The method avoids the screening and the synthesis of the organic indicting ions having the similar structure with the organic molecules to be detected, and therefore, the detection step is simplified; the molecular imprinting polymer does not need to be dissolved in the electrode sensitive film, and therefore, the problem of insolubility of the imprinting polymer in the sensitive film is solved; due to the two points, the universality of the potentiometry in detecting the electroneutral organic pollutants is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that potential method detects electric neutrality organic contaminant, specifically a kind of potential method with universality detects the method for electric neutrality organic contaminant.
Background technology
Ion-selective electrode is an important branch of chemical sensor, this type of electrode has become the new focus in chemical sensor field since late nineteen nineties in last century, has been widely used in the direct mensuration of various electrolyte ion in whole blood, serum, urine, tissue, intracellular fluid and dilution thereof.It is to be noted, although polymer film ion selective electrode technology experienced by huge development in recent years, but adopt ion-selective electrode potential method detection electric neutrality organic pollutant molecule to be a difficult problem for a long time, because the condition precedent of electrode potential response is that determinand is necessary for charged ion always.
Someone once reported that the polymer film ion selective electrode being doped with quaternary ammonium compound can produce obvious potential response to electroneutral phenol and its derivatives, but sensors with auxiliary electrode electric potential signal be only rely on the lipophilicity of phenol and its derivatives to be measured extract enter film cause mutually membrane interface CHARGE DISTRIBUTION inequality produce, and cannot realize optionally identifying to electric neutrality molecule to be measured, thus this type of Copper diethlydithiocarbamate is caused to lack selectivity to determinand.
In previously research, inventor adopts the molecularly imprinted polymer of high selectivity as the Selective recognition carrier of electric neutrality molecule to be measured, selecting the organic ion with electric neutrality molecule with similar structure to conduct electric potential signal as indication ion, successfully have developed the Copper diethlydithiocarbamate for detecting electric neutrality organophosphorus pesticide.But, exploitation above-mentioned detection method process in find: electric neutrality organic molecule to be measured to realize potentiometric detection must screen or synthesize there is with it similar structure organic ion as indication ion, this type of situation causes the potential monitoring procedure of often kind of electric neutrality molecule all to need the process of synthesis through the organic indication ion of loaded down with trivial details analog structure or screening, and the organic ion analog of some electric neutrality organic molecule is difficult to find and synthesis.In addition, as identification carrier most of high polymerization imprinted polymer polymer film ion selective electrode organic film mutually in solubleness lower, the existence of above-mentioned two situations seriously constrains the universality that potential method detects electric neutrality organic pollutant molecule.
Summary of the invention
A kind of potential method with universality is the object of the present invention is to provide to detect the method for electric neutrality organic contaminant.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of potential method with universality detects the method for electric neutrality organic contaminant, adopt surface molecule print technology at the surface imprinted layer of polymer film ion selective electrode sensitive membrane surface coverage electric neutrality pollutant, again using common ion as indication ion, Selective recognition process in the imprinted layer on indication ion indicator electrode surface and testing sample between pollutant, and then realize the potentiometric detection to electric neutrality organic pollutant molecule.
Specifically be detected as:
1) electrode of covering surfaces imprinted layer is produced under the effect of indication ion contrast potential change signal; Again by the enrichment in organic contaminant of the electrode of covering surfaces imprinted layer, after enrichment, electrode is placed in indication ion again and produces normal potential variable signal; With contrast and normal potential change, standard working curve is obtained to electric neutrality organic contaminant plotted against concentration;
2) electrode of covering surfaces imprinted layer is placed in testing sample and carries out concentration and separation, then again electrode is proceeded to containing in indication ion solution, produce sample potential change signal; Namely the concentration of electric neutrality organic contaminant to be measured is obtained by reference standard working curve.
The electrode of described covering surfaces imprinted layer inserts in the solution containing water soluble molecules trace monomer and electric neutrality pollutant to be measured by polymer film ion selective electrode, at electrode surface polymerization reaction take place, and after through wash-out, cover electric neutrality pollutant imprinted layer at electrode surface.
Described electric neutrality organic contaminant is electric neutrality organic agricultural chemicals, palycyclic aromatic or polychlorinated biphenyl.
Described common ion is lead ion, copper ion, ferric ion, chromium ion, sodion, potassium ion, ammonium radical ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, chlorion, bromide ion, carbanion or phosphate anion, and wherein, described indication ion concentration is 1nM-1M.
Described polymer film ion selective electrode is the solid contact polymer film ion selective electrode without internal-filling liquid or the liquid comes into contact formula polymer film ion selective electrode containing internal-filling liquid.
Described polymer film ion selective electrode is polymer film lead ion electrodes selective, copper ion electrodes selective, ferric ion electrodes selective, chrome ion-selective electrode, sodium ion selective electrode, potassium ion-selective electrode, ammonium radical ion electrodes selective, Calcium signaling, magnesium ion-selective electrode, chloride ion-selective electrode, bromide ion selective elcclrode, carbanion electrodes selective or phosphoric acid radical ion-selective electrode.
Polymer film ion selective electrode is inserted in the solution containing water soluble molecules trace monomer and electric neutrality pollutant to be measured, at electrode surface polymerization reaction take place, and after through wash-out, cover electric neutrality pollutant imprinted layer at electrode surface;
Wherein, water soluble molecules trace monomer comprises dopamine, aniline or phenol, and the concentration of water soluble molecules trace monomer in water is 0.1-100mg/L; Polymerization reaction time is 0.1-1000min; The eluent of described wash-out is concentration 1%-25%(v/v) methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone or acetonitrile.
Described polymerization comprises electropolymerization, thermal-initiated polymerization or light initiation polymerization.
Described polymer film ion selective electrode is with sensitive membrane matrix material, and wherein sensitive membrane matrix material comprises Polyvinylchloride, poly-butyl propyleneglycol acid esters, butyl polyacrylate, polyetherimide, rubber or sol-gel film; Plastifier is o-nitrobenzene octyl ether (o-NPOE), two-2-ethylhexyl esters in the last of the ten Heavenly stems, dibutyl sebacate or di-n-octyl sebacate; Ion exchanger is four (3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) sodium borate, dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid or three (dodecyl) ammonium chloride.
Cleaning Principle: surface molecule print technology grows up on conventional molecular engram technology basis, it refers to directly at solid-phase matrix polymerization reaction take place on the surface, thus make molecular engram recognition site be distributed in the surface of imprinted polymer or be distributed in the skin of solid-phase matrix, this imprinted material comparatively conventional molecular imprinted polymer is compared and is had obvious advantage, is mainly reflected in more accessible binding site, faster material transport speed, faster binding kinetics, lower non-specific adsorption and higher imprinting efficiency.Therefore, surface molecule print technology has important application prospect in separation and purification and sensor field.In view of the characteristic and advantage of surface molecule print technology, the present invention is at traditional surface imprinted layer of ion-selective electrode polymer sensitive membrane surface construction one deck electric neutrality organic contaminant, adopt common ion as indication ion, Selective recognition process between instruction imprinted layer and pollutant to be measured, realizes the potentiometric detection to electric neutrality organic pollutant molecule.Copper diethlydithiocarbamate sensitive membrane of the present invention is made up of two parts, film surface electroneutrality organic pollutant molecule imprinted layer and indication ion selective membrane.Surface imprinted film only cover polymer film ion selective electrode surface and need not be dissolved in organic film mutually in, thus efficiently solve the problem of imprinted polymer slightly solubility.Surface imprinted film is only used for the identification of electric neutrality molecule as molecular recognition elements, indication ion selective membrane realizes the transducing of indication ion as inverting element.Due to being separated of molecular recognition elements and inverting element, indication ion need not have analog structure with electric neutrality organic molecule can realize transducing (being instructed to ion selective membrane identified), thus avoid the use of the organic indication ion of analog structure, enormously simplify potential monitoring procedure, improve the universality of detection method.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. adopt the universal potentiometric sensor of detection electric neutrality organic contaminant of the present invention, effectively can solve the difficult problem that traditional electrode potential method is difficult to detect electric neutrality organic molecule, and need not screen with composite structure analog as indication ion, greatly can improve versatility and the universality of potentiometric detection method, widen the application of ion-selective electrode, will effectively promote the development of chemical sensor in environmental monitoring field.
2. from the direct working sample of traditional electrode, Copper diethlydithiocarbamate of the present invention treats that measured ion is different, and institute's sensor of the present invention measures process and comprises the separation and concentration of organic contaminant in sample and potentiometric detection two processes of indication ion.In organic contaminant separation and concentration process, the surface molecule print layer of high selectivity can ensure that electrode sensitive film realizes efficient fast enriching to organic contaminant and is not subject to other organic interference in complex sample; In potential monitoring procedure, have employed medium converter technique, namely the electrolyte solution (buffer solution or salt solusion) that test solution is experimental formula is detected, instead of complex sample solution, before indication ion solution adds, electrode balances a period of time ion selective membrane is restPosed in detection test solution, effectively can to eliminate in complex sample interfering ion like this (as Na
+, K
+, Ca
2+, Mg
2+and the impact of organic ionic compounds etc.) electrode film phase may be entered and the current potential interference that produces in indication ion potential monitoring procedure.Thus method of the present invention is applicable to complex sample such as the analysis of organic pollutant in seawater and detects.
3. surface imprinted film of the present invention only cover polymer film ion selective electrode surface and need not be dissolved in organic film mutually in, thus efficiently solve the problem of imprinted polymer slightly solubility, improve the universality that potential method detects electric neutrality organic molecule; The electric neutrality organic contaminant content that the present invention adopts the ion-selective electrode based on surface molecule print technology to detect, avoid and use large-scale chromatography instrument, testing cost is reduced greatly, and make the quantitative field monitoring of organic contaminant become possibility, thus the present invention plays huge effect by fields such as water analysis, environmental monitoring, pollutant catabolic gene.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The schematic diagram based on surface imprinted Copper diethlydithiocarbamate sensitive membrane structure (wherein 1 is surface molecule print film, and 2 is indication ion selective membrane, and 3 is print identification site) that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
The determination of electrode that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention changes response signal without the contrast potential change signal response curve of electric neutrality naphthalene molecule enrichment indication ion and the normal potential after the enrichment of variable concentrations electric neutrality naphthalene molecule.
The standard working curve of the determination of electrode variable concentrations electric neutrality naphthalene molecule that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
To detect electric neutrality organic pollutant molecule: polycyclic arene compound naphthalene.Concrete detecting step is as follows:
A. the structure of polymer film ion selective electrode surface naphthalene molecular engram layer:
The preparation of polymer film copper ion electrodes selective: PVC granule, o-nitrobenzene octyl ether, copper ion carrier and four (3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) the potpourri altogether 360mg of sodium borate, be wherein 32.7wt%PVC particle, the o-nitrobenzene octyl ether of 65.3wt%, 1.0wt% copper ion carrier and 1.0wt% tetra-(3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) sodium borate, be moved in 2.5ml tetrahydrofuran solution, ultrasonic, stirring 2h makes it to be uniformly dispersed, and the 12h that at room temperature naturally volatilizees, namely obtain electrode sensitive film, thickness is about 200 μm.Utilize card punch sensitive membrane to be cut into the Homogeneous Circular section of 0.6cm diameter, with the mixed liquor of tetrahydrofuran and PVC, sensitive membrane is attached to polyfluortetraethylene pipe push pipe.Electrode should activate 24h with 0.01mol/L NaCl before use.
The structure of surface naphthalene molecular engram layer: the polymer film copper ion electrodes selective activated is inserted in the aqueous solution of the dopamine containing 1 μM of naphthalene template molecule and 2mg/mL, leaves standstill 1h.Adopt 20%(volume fraction) methanol aqueous solution clean to remove the naphthalene in surface imprinted layer to institute's electrode surface.Gained surface imprinted rear electrode sensitive membrane structure as shown in Figure 1.
B. the electrode after surface imprinted is inserted containing 10
-4in the measuring cell of mol/L copper ion, produce contrast electric potential signal; Again by electrode insert containing a series of variable concentrations naphthalene molecular solution in (naphthalene molecular solution concentration is respectively 10
-6, 10
-7, 10
-8, 10
-9mol/L, produces normal potential signal (see Fig. 2);
C. change with contrast and normal potential and naphthalene molecular conecentration is drawn to obtain standard working curve (as Fig. 3);
D. the ion-selective electrode after surface imprinted is inserted and fill enrichment 1h in the measuring cell of testing sample, then again electrode is proceeded to containing 10
-4in the measuring cell of mol/L copper ion, produce sample potential change signal; By reference standard working curve, obtain the concentration of naphthalene molecule to be measured.
Electrode performance: electrode of the present invention can 10
-8mol/L-5 × 10
-10present good linear response (r=0.999) within the scope of mol/L naphthalene molecular conecentration, detection limit can reach 1.6 × 10
-10mol/L.
Embodiment 2
Electric neutrality organic pollutant molecule in tap water is detected: polycyclic arene compound naphthalene for the present invention.
Take from water and configure two mark-on samples, concentration is 1 × 10
-9mol/l and 2.5 × 10
-8mol/l, measure potential change rate signal according to step b, c and d in embodiment 1, reference standard working curve, can obtain naphthalene molecular conecentration in tap water according to sample signal in tap water and standard working curve comparison.
Embodiment 3
Electric neutrality organic pollutant molecule in seawater is detected: polycyclic arene compound naphthalene for the present invention.
Get seawater sample and configure two mark-on samples, according to embodiment 1 step b, c and d, reference standard working curve, can obtain naphthalene concentration in seawater according to sample signal in seawater and standard working curve comparison.
Embodiment 4
Electric neutrality organic pollutant molecule in seawater is detected: polycyclic arene compound naphthalene for the present invention.
Except water soluble molecules trace monomer is replaced by except aniline, all the other detecting steps are all with reference to embodiment 1 step a, b, c and d, and reference standard working curve, can obtain naphthalene concentration in seawater according to sample signal in seawater and standard working curve comparison.
Embodiment 5
Electric neutrality organic pollutant molecule in seawater is detected: polycyclic arene compound naphthalene for the present invention.
Select potassium ion as indication ion.
The structure of polymer film ion selective electrode surface naphthalene molecular engram layer:
Deionization carrier is replaced by potassium ion carrier all the other steps outer all to carry out with reference to embodiment 1 step a;
The potentiometric detection of naphthalene molecule in seawater: according to embodiment 1 step b, c and d, reference standard working curve, can obtain naphthalene concentration in seawater according to sample signal in seawater and standard working curve comparison.
Embodiment 6
Electric neutrality organic pollutant molecule in seawater is detected: organic agricultural chemicals chlopyrifos for the present invention.
The structure of polymer film ion selective electrode surface chlopyrifos molecular engram layer:
Removing template molecule is replaced by outside chlopyrifos, and all the other implementation steps are carried out with reference to embodiment 1 step a;
Actual seawater sample Chlorpyrifos potentiometric detection:
Get seawater sample and configure two mark-on samples, according to embodiment 1 step b, c and d, reference standard working curve, can obtain organic agricultural chemicals chlopyrifos concentration in sample according to sample signal in seawater and standard working curve comparison.
Embodiment 7
Electric neutrality organic pollutant molecule in seawater is detected: polychlorinated biphenyl 2,3,7,8-TCDD is for example with the present invention.
The structure of polymer film ion selective electrode surface 2,3,7,8-TCDD molecular engram layer:
Removing template molecule is replaced by outside 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and all the other implementation steps are carried out with reference to embodiment 1 step a;
2,3,7,8-TCDD potentiometric detections in actual seawater sample:
Get seawater sample and configure two mark-on samples, according to embodiment 1 step b, c and d, reference standard working curve, can obtain 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration in sample according to sample signal in seawater and standard working curve comparison.
Claims (9)
1. one kind has the method for the potential method detection electric neutrality organic contaminant of universality, it is characterized in that: adopt surface molecule print technology at the surface imprinted layer of polymer film ion selective electrode sensitive membrane surface coverage electric neutrality pollutant, again using common ion as indication ion, Selective recognition process in the imprinted layer on indication ion indicator electrode surface and testing sample between pollutant, and then realize the potentiometric detection to electric neutrality organic pollutant molecule.
2. detect the method for electric neutrality organic contaminant by the potential method with universality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be specifically detected as:
1) electrode of covering surfaces imprinted layer is produced under the effect of indication ion contrast potential change signal; Again by the enrichment in organic contaminant of the electrode of covering surfaces imprinted layer, after enrichment, electrode is placed in indication ion again and produces normal potential variable signal; With contrast and normal potential change, standard working curve is obtained to electric neutrality organic contaminant plotted against concentration;
2) electrode of covering surfaces imprinted layer is placed in testing sample and carries out concentration and separation, then again electrode is proceeded to containing in indication ion solution, produce sample potential change signal; Namely the concentration of electric neutrality organic contaminant to be measured is obtained by reference standard working curve.
3. detect the method for electric neutrality organic contaminant by the potential method with universality described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that:
The electrode of described covering surfaces imprinted layer inserts in the solution containing water soluble molecules trace monomer and electric neutrality pollutant to be measured by polymer film ion selective electrode, at electrode surface polymerization reaction take place, and after through wash-out, cover electric neutrality pollutant imprinted layer at electrode surface.
4. detect the method for electric neutrality organic contaminant by the potential method with universality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described electric neutrality organic contaminant is electric neutrality organic agricultural chemicals, palycyclic aromatic or polychlorinated biphenyl.
5. detect the method for electric neutrality organic contaminant by the potential method with universality described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that:
Described common ion is lead ion, copper ion, ferric ion, chromium ion, sodion, potassium ion, ammonium radical ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, chlorion, bromide ion, carbanion or phosphate anion, and wherein, described indication ion concentration is 1nM-1M.
6. detect the method for electric neutrality organic contaminant by the potential method with universality according to claim 3, it is characterized in that:
Described polymer film ion selective electrode is the solid contact polymer film ion selective electrode without internal-filling liquid or the liquid comes into contact formula polymer film ion selective electrode containing internal-filling liquid.
7. detect the method for electric neutrality organic contaminant by the potential method with universality according to claim 6, it is characterized in that:
Described polymer film ion selective electrode is polymer film lead ion electrodes selective, copper ion electrodes selective, ferric ion electrodes selective, chrome ion-selective electrode, sodium ion selective electrode, potassium ion-selective electrode, ammonium radical ion electrodes selective, Calcium signaling, magnesium ion-selective electrode, chloride ion-selective electrode, bromide ion selective elcclrode, carbanion electrodes selective or phosphoric acid radical ion-selective electrode.
8. detect the method for electric neutrality organic contaminant by the potential method with universality described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that:
Polymer film ion selective electrode is inserted in the solution containing water soluble molecules trace monomer and electric neutrality pollutant to be measured, at electrode surface polymerization reaction take place, and after through wash-out, cover electric neutrality pollutant imprinted layer at electrode surface;
Wherein, water soluble molecules trace monomer comprises dopamine, aniline or phenol, and the concentration of water soluble molecules trace monomer in water is 0.1-100mg/L; Polymerization reaction time is 0.1-1000min; The eluent of described wash-out is concentration 1%-25%(v/v) methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone or acetonitrile.
9. detect the method for electric neutrality organic contaminant by the potential method with universality according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described polymerization comprises electropolymerization, thermal-initiated polymerization or light initiation polymerization.
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