CN104677723A - Primary coil of electromagnetic stress wave generator and charging/discharging methods - Google Patents
Primary coil of electromagnetic stress wave generator and charging/discharging methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN104677723A CN104677723A CN201510051071.9A CN201510051071A CN104677723A CN 104677723 A CN104677723 A CN 104677723A CN 201510051071 A CN201510051071 A CN 201510051071A CN 104677723 A CN104677723 A CN 104677723A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a primary coil of an electromagnetic stress wave generator and charging/discharging methods. The primary coil of the electromagnetic stress wave generator comprises a winder, a conductor joint seat, a plurality of insulating coils and a plurality of sub coils. Annular coil mounting grooves are formed on the circumferential surface of the coiler, and the sub coils and the insulating coils are sequentially and alternately arranged into the coil mounting grooves in a sleeving manner; a positive conductor hole and a negative conductor hole are formed on one side of the end face at one end of the winder; the conductor joint seat is adhered to the surface of one end with the conductor holes of the winder, and two conductor holes on the conductor joint seat are in one-to-one correspondence with the positive and negative conductor holes on the end face of the winder, respectively. According to the primary coil provided by the invention, the electromagnetic stress wave generator can generate short pulse and high-amplitude stress forms, and also can generate wide pulse and low-amplitude stress forms. The primary coil structure and the experimental method of the electromagnetic stress wave generator provided by the invention can simultaneously satisfy a material experiment of low stress rate and high stress rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a modular construction and the experimental technique of the stress wave generating means of the dynamic mechanical test of material, is a kind of main coil structure and experimental technique of electromagnetic type stress wave generator specifically.
Background technology
At present, most popular when measuring the mechanical property of material under high strain-rate in material science is exactly split hopkinson press bar technology and pull bar technology.The ultimate principle of this method is: be placed in by short sample between two pull bars or depression bar, by certain mode to incident bar input tensile stress wave or compression stress wave, loads sample.Utilize to be bonded on pull bar or depression bar simultaneously and also carry out recording pulse signal apart from the foil gauge of boom end certain distance.If pull bar or depression bar keep elastic stage, the pulse so in bar will with elastic wave velocity undistorted propagate.The foil gauge be pasted onto like this on pull bar or depression bar just can measure the load course over time acting on rod end.
For Hopkinson pressure bar, the universal way producing incident wave is by air gun by drop bar transmitted at high speed, produces incident pulse with incident bar Impinging coaxial.The shortcoming of this method is: during owing to launching at every turn, the installation site of drop bar in air gun is not quite similar, and the corresponding relation of stroke speed and air pressure is difficult to determine, therefore the amplitude of incident wave cannot be controlled exactly, so need to attempt many experiments just can obtain required rate of strain.Secondly, for the experiment that rate of strain span is excessive, due to the restriction of air gun air pressure, need the length changing drop bar to obtain different rate of strain, rate of strain is higher, and drop bar used is shorter, and the stress wave width produced in experiment is shorter, which limits the range of strain that experiment obtains, and complex operation.The more important thing is, the emission rate due to drop bar has a lower limit, and some lower rate of strain cannot obtain with traditional Hopkinson pressure bar in actual tests, such as 10s
-1rate of strain.Because different experimental system parameters is also different, make the standardization of split hopkinson press bar experimental technique be an international difficult problem always.
For Hopkinson pull rod, currently used general loading technique is: the drop bar of pull bar is made hollow circular-tube, by air gun by impact tube transmitted at high speed, when its motion arrives incident bar end, the boss of impact tube and incident rod end collides generation one row wave of compression and propagates to incident bar boss end, and being reflected into stretching ripple at free end, this stretching ripple is loaded sample by incident bar.But this method for designing has a lot of shortcomings: 1, because drop bar is transmitted into the other end from incident bar one end, so boss on incident bar is to that section of air gun, incident bar is in unsupported free state, and this makes incident bar easily bend; 2, this design limits the length of impacting tube at about 500mm, so the incident wave length produced is about 0.2ms, but for ductile material and the experiment of low strain dynamic rate, needs the incident wave more grown; 3, the replacing of impacting tube is very inconvenient; 4, because the wall thickness of impacting tube limits, need very high air pressure to carry out accelerating impact cylinder.Also have a lot of scholar to propose different mentalities of designing: 1, add a boss in one end of impacting tube to improve the emission rate of impacting tube, but the waveform that this mode produces is no longer regular by boss affects; 2, use empty incident bar, drop bar passes inside incident bar, and this mode makes wave shaping become difficulty.
Because the shape of drop bar is different, the position of air gun is different, and traditional Hopkinson pressure bar and the loading system of pull bar cannot realize on same device.
The sixties in 20th century, Boeing Co. was for solving common riveted joint Problems existing, to be taken the lead in beginning one's study Electromagnetic riveting technology, and applied for the patent of thump electromagnetic riveting device in nineteen sixty-eight by people such as Huber A Schmitt.Within 1986, Zieve Peter succeeds in developing low voltage electromagnetic riveted joint, solves high pressure and is riveted on riveting quality and applies aspect Problems existing, thus Electromagnetic riveting technology is comparatively fast developed.Electromagnetic riveting technology is applied in Boeing, the manufacture of Air Passenger series aircraft.Nowadays, low voltage electromagnetic riveting technology is full-fledged, and the size of rivet force and duration can obtain more accurate control.The know-why of electromagnetic rivet driver is: between discharge coil and workpiece, add a coil and Stress-amplifier.The moment that discharge switch is closed, by fast-changing dash current in main coil, around coil, produce high-intensity magnetic field.The secondary coil be coupled with main coil produces induction current under strong magnetic field action, and then produces eddy current magnetism, and two magnetic field interactions produce eddy current repulsion, and reach rivet by amplifier, and rivet is shaped.The very high frequency of eddy current power, propagates with the form of stress wave in amplifier and rivet, therefore electromagnetic riveting also claims stress wave to rivet.Northwestern Polytechnical University is propose in the patent of invention of 201410161610.X a kind ofly electromagnetic rivet driver to be combined the device and test method that carry out material test with Hopkinson pressure bar at application number, be in the patent of 201410173843.1 and 201410171963.8 at application number, propose device and experimental technique that two kinds produce Tension and Compression stress wave, described three innovation and creation successfully solve the criterion problem of Hopkinson bar experimental technique and the problem of pulling pressing device integration.
But there is limitation in the stress wave generating means proposed in described innovation and creation, improve the stress wave amplitude imported in incident bar, need to improve the capacitance in circuit and charging voltage, but capacitance increase can widen discharge time, thus the stress wave pulse width obtained is increased, through calculating and numerical simulation, if will be met the incident wave amplitude of requirement in incident bar, increase capacitance and charging voltage, the width of incident pulse can be made to reach about 1ms.And stress pulse width to be shortened to 100 to hundreds of microsecond, then to reduce the capacitance in circuit, obtained stress wave amplitude can be reduced so again.And the Hopkinson bar of material is tested, the incident wave pulse needed for high strain-rate is short, and amplitude is high, and low strain dynamic rate experiment needed for incident pulse wide, amplitude is relatively low.These require that be conflict in foregoing invention is created, and cannot meet simultaneously.
Goal of the invention
In order to overcome, the incident wave amplitude existed in prior art is too low and width is long, cannot meet the deficiency of high-strain rate testing and the test of low strain dynamic rate simultaneously, the present invention proposes a kind of main coil of electromagnetic type stress wave generator and the method for charge/discharge.
The main coil of described electromagnetic type stress wave generator, comprises bobbin winoler, terminal seat, multiple insulated coil and multiple subcoil.The circumferential surface of described bobbin winoler has the coil mounting groove of ring-type, and described each subcoil and each insulated coil alternately overlap successively and load in described coil mounting groove, and the bottom is subcoil, and outermost layer is insulated coil.Have two exhausting holes in the side of described bobbin winoler one end end face, be respectively positive wire hole and cathode conductor hole.Described terminal seat is bonded in described bobbin winoler wire guide end surface, and make on this terminal seat two row's wire guides respectively with positive wire hole and the cathode conductor hole one_to_one corresponding of described bobbin winoler end face.
The center line in described positive wire hole and the center line in cathode conductor hole all with the centerline parallel of described bobbin winoler, and make described positive wire hole and cathode conductor hole all with the surperficial one_to_one corresponding of subcoil being positioned at coil mounting groove.
After in the coil mounting groove that described each subcoil is sleeved on described bobbin winoler circumferential surface one by one on request, the positive terminal of each subcoil end face is connected with wire respectively with anode connector, and each wire is each passed through the wire guide on bobbin winoler and terminal, be connected with the positive wire joint of each capacitor charger and cathode conductor joint that load rifle respectively.
Described each capacitor charger is connected with the power supply of riveting set respectively.Each electronic switch in described each capacitor charger is connected with each pipeline connector of Multi-path synchronous trigger respectively.
The method of described charge/discharge comprises the main coil charge/discharge of short pulse, the main coil charge/discharge of amplitude stress pulse and long pulse, low amplitude value stress pulse.
Utilize the process of the charge/discharge of the main coil of described electromagnetic type stress wave generator respectively:
Described in I, the process of the main coil charge/discharge of short pulse, amplitude stress pulse is:
Described short pulse refers to that pulse width is the stress wave pulse of 100 ~ 400us, and described amplitude refers to that the amplitude of sinusoidal stress pulse is 400 ~ 1500Mpa.
The process of the main coil charge/discharge of described short pulse, amplitude stress pulse is suitable for rate of strain and is greater than 2000s
-1material experiment.
Described main coil charging process is same as the prior art.
Described main coil discharge process is: after charging complete, control Multi-path synchronous trigger sends trigger pip to the electronic switch of each capacitor charger simultaneously, the electronic switch of described each capacitor charger was connected according to the time of setting, make corresponding discharging thyristor conducting, the road capacitor discharging circuit that the energy stored in energy-storage capacitor is formed through discharging thyristor and subcoil discharges, thus the sinusoidal discharge current of generation time cycle short 400us, amplitude 35000A.
After discharging thyristor conducting, discharge current flows through each subcoil of main coil, the pulsed magnetic field of high strength is formed around it, the intensity in described magnetic field distributes in Gaussian distribution from inside to outside along the radius of main coil, namely the strongest in the half place magnetic field intensity of main coil radius, be attenuation distribution by the half of main coil radius to both sides.In loading rifle, main coil and secondary coil are adjacent to mutually, in described secondary coil, eddy current is produced due to electromagnetic induction, this strength of current stating eddy current is in time in sinusoidal variations, current cycle is the same with the discharge cycle of main coil, the electric current of described eddy current is Gaussian distribution along radial direction at secondary coil on the end face of main coil, maximum at the half place electric current of radius, amplitude is for being 5A, at the thickness direction of secondary coil, strength of vortex decays along with the distance of measurement plane distance main coil end face.The pulsed magnetic field direction that described main coil and secondary coil produce is contrary, thus produces extremely strong electromagnetic repulsion force; Described electromagnetic repulsion force forms one and lasts very short, that intensity is very high stress pulse in secondary coil, described stress pulse is exported by the small end of amplifier after the reflection of the amplifier conical surface is amplified, form pulse width 400us, the sinusoidal stress pulse of amplitude 600Mpa, namely described stress pulse can be used as rate of strain after shaping is 3000s
-1the loading stress ripple of Hopkinson pressure bar experiment.
Owing to being discharged to corresponding subcoil by multiple capacitor charger simultaneously, ampere turns in main coil is the ampere turns sum of multiple subcoil, this makes the magnetic field of main coil strengthen due to the superposition in multiple subcoil magnetic field, and the duration in magnetic field is the discharge time of a subcoil, the stress wave produced by this way is short pulse, the stress pulse of amplitude, can be used for the high strain-rate experiment of material.
The process of the main coil charge/discharge of long pulse, low amplitude value stress pulse described in II is respectively:
Described long pulse refers to that pulse width is the stress wave pulse of 400 ~ 1000us, and described low amplitude value refers to that the amplitude of sinusoidal stress pulse is 100 ~ 400Mpa.
The process of the main coil charge/discharge of described long pulse low amplitude value stress pulse is suitable for rate of strain 500s
-1material experiment.
Described main coil charging process is same as the prior art.
Described main coil discharge process is: after charging complete, control Multi-path synchronous trigger sends trigger pip to the electronic switch of each capacitor charger simultaneously, the electronic switch of described each capacitor charger was connected successively according to the time interval of setting, make corresponding discharging thyristor conducting, the discharge circuit that the energy stored in Capacitor banks is formed through discharging thyristor and subcoil discharges, thus producing the sinusoidal discharge current of width 800us, amplitude 32000A, multiple subcoil discharges successively and makes the discharge current duration of main coil elongated; The time interval that the electronic cutting of described each capacitor charger is connected successively is 50 ~ 100us.
After discharging thyristor conducting, the surrounding that discharge current flows through each subcoil of main coil forms the pulsed magnetic field of high strength, and multiple subcoil discharges successively and makes the magnetic field duration of main coil elongated.The intensity in described magnetic field distributes in Gaussian distribution from inside to outside along the radius of main coil.In loading rifle, main coil and secondary coil are adjacent to mutually, in described secondary coil, eddy current is produced due to electromagnetic induction, from numerical simulation, the strength of current of described eddy current is in time in sinusoidal variations, current cycle is the same with the discharge cycle of main coil, the electric current of described eddy current is Gaussian distribution along radial direction at secondary coil on the end face of main coil, maximum at the half place electric current of radius, amplitude is 3A, at the thickness direction of secondary coil, strength of vortex decays along with the distance of measurement plane distance main coil end face.The pulsed magnetic field direction that described main coil and secondary coil produce is contrary, thus produces extremely strong electromagnetic repulsion force; Described electromagnetic repulsion force forms one and lasts very short, that intensity is very high stress pulse in secondary coil, described stress pulse is exported by the small end of amplifier after the reflection of the amplifier conical surface is amplified, form pulse width 800us, the sinusoidal stress pulse of amplitude 200Mpa, namely described stress pulse can be used as rate of strain after shaping is 500s
-1the loading stress ripple of the Hopkinson pressure bar experiment of left and right.
During by multiple capacitor charger timesharing to corresponding subcoil electric discharge, in main coil, the ampere turns in each moment is the ampere turns of a subcoil, the magnetic field intensity of main coil is diminished, duration in magnetic field is elongated due to the superposition of multiple subcoil discharge time, the long pulse produced, the stress wave pulse of low amplitude value.
The present invention efficiently solves the contradiction between stress pulse width existing for above-mentioned patent and amplitude, makes electromagnetic type stress wave generator both can produce short pulse, the stress wave of amplitude, can produce broad pulse again, the stress wave of low amplitude value.So the main coil structure of the electromagnetic type stress wave generator of the present invention's proposition and experimental technique can meet low strain dynamic rate and high-strain-rate material experiment simultaneously.
Main coil structure proposed by the invention is based on following principle: in order to enable electromagnetic type stress wave generating means produce short pulse, then when the capacitance in circuit is determined, can only reduce the inductance of main coil, namely reduce the number of turn of main coil.And the number of turn of main coil reduces, the field weakening that main coil produces will inevitably be caused, the effect of amplitude cannot be reached, and if main coil is made the less coil of multiple number of turn, make between each coil independent mutually, each coil is accessed respectively an independently discharge circuit.Like this, when all coils discharges simultaneously, the discharge time that each coil produces can shorten, but the magnetic field of all coils superposes mutually, can strengthen again the magnetic field intensity that main coil produces, so just can produce short pulse duration, the stress wave of amplitude; If all subcoils are rationally divided into groups, make often to organize coil to discharge all simultaneously, and the beginning respectively organizing coil is staggered mutually discharge time, when one group of coil discharge time closes to an end, another group coil can then discharge, at the end of all coils electric discharge, long-term magnetic field will be produced, thus realize the wider stress pulse of pulsewidth.
Based on above-mentioned principle, in the main coil of electromagnetic type stress wave generator proposed by the invention, multiple subcoil is nested against one another, coaxially to each other, works alone each other, and the concrete quantity of subcoil is depending on actual needs.Concrete structure mainly comprises bobbin winoler, subcoil, insulated ring and terminal.Wherein, bobbin winoler is made up of insulating material, and shape is the hollow solid of revolution of I shape, and middle reduced diameter section is used for each subcoil coaxially to fix, and the enlarged diameter section at two ends is used for main coil to be connected with the loading rifle housing of electromagnetic type stress wave generator.Each subcoil is made by heavy gauge wire, is coaxially wound around with bobbin winoler, and the coiling direction of all subcoils is all identical, subcoil diameter increases successively, nested against one another from inside to outside at the reduced diameter section of bobbin winoler, separated by insulated ring between every two adjacent subcoils, insulated ring is made up of insulating material.An enlarged diameter section of bobbin winoler outputs two circular ports in the radius that each subcoil is corresponding, and the end of a thread for each subcoil passes bobbin winoler and accesses adjacent terminal.Terminal is connected to a larger diameter end of bobbin winoler, described joint is equipped with positive pole and the negative pole interface of each subcoil, is connected respectively by the electrode line of each subcoil with negative line with corresponding positive pole and negative pole interface.
During assembling, main coil is arranged on the one end loading rifle, main coil is affixed with loading rifle housing, fixing by fitting with secondary coil outside large for amplifier end, the locating shaft of amplifier passes the through hole of main coil, and clearance fit between the two, makes the outer face of secondary coil and the outer face of main coil freely fit.Each subcoil of main coil accesses one independently in capacitor charger respectively, described capacitor charger adopts the power pack of existing electromagnetic rivetter, and the positive pole output line of described capacitor charger is connected with the anode interface of corresponding coil, negative pole output line connects with the negative pole interface of corresponding coil.In order to control the discharge time of multiple capacitor charger simultaneously, need the electronic switch switch wire parallel join by a Multi-path synchronous trigger and multiple capacitor charger, the effect of described synchronizer trigger is, when pressing the button of synchronizer trigger, synchronizer trigger can give electronic switch trigger pip of multiple capacitor charger simultaneously by wire, described electronic switch is started working, and according to the time delay set in advance by the discharging circuit conduction of the capacitor charger of correspondence, realize the electric discharge of multiple capacitor charger to multiple subcoil.
Due to taked technical scheme, be that the present invention obtains following beneficial effect:
In the present invention, main coil is designed to multiple subcoil nested against one another, and each subcoil is accessed respectively independently in capacitor charger, make like this while the number of turn reducing each subcoil, ensure that the magnetic field intensity that main coil produces is unlikely to too small, the discharge time of main coil can be shortened again, thus produce short pulse, the stress wave of amplitude; And for needing the material low strain dynamic rate of broad pulse, low amplitude value to test, each subcoil of main coil can be divided into some groups again, each group of subcoil is staggered discharge time mutually, so just can lengthen the duration in magnetic field, thus produce the stress wave of broad pulse, low amplitude value.So main coil structure proposed by the invention and using method, meet the stress wave demand of the Hopkinson bar experiment under different strain rate completely.
In the present invention, the actual stress wave amplitude produced can be controlled by the charging voltage of electromagnetic riveting device, the actual stress wave width produced, except making each subcoil of main coil except not discharging in the same time, can also be controlled by the capacitance of adjustment electromagnetic riveting device.
The main coil structure of electromagnetic type stress wave generator proposed by the invention, completely solve the contradiction of stress wave between amplitude and pulsewidth that electromagnetic type stress wave generator produces, both can realize the stress wave of short pulse, amplitude, the stress wave of broad pulse, low amplitude value can have been realized again.The contrast of stress pulse of accompanying drawing 5 for simulating two kinds of electromagnetic type stress wave generators obtaining with ansys and producing, wherein horizontal axis representing time, unit is second, and the longitudinal axis represents stress, and unit is Mpa.The curve of black is the stress pulse that the stress wave generator of the main coil structure adopting the present invention to propose produces, and described main coil adopts multiple subcoil, and discharges simultaneously; The stress pulse that the curve of grey produces for monocoil stress wave generator that employing is traditional.The charging voltage of two kinds of main coils is all identical with the capacitance of connect capacitor charger.As can be seen from accompanying drawing 5, main coil structure proposed by the invention produce short pulse, amplitude stress wave in due to conventional coil structure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is front view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is that main coil is loading the wiring layout in rifle;
Fig. 4 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram of the electromagnetic type stress wave generator adopting main coil of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that multi-coil in unicoil electric discharge and the present invention discharges the comparison diagram of the stress pulse produced.Wherein:
1. bobbin winoler; 2. terminal seat; 3. insulated coil; 4. subcoil; 5. load rifle housing; 6. main coil; 7. secondary coil; 8. amplifier; 9. power supply; 10. capacitor charger; 11. load rifle; 12. positive wire holes; 13. cathode conductor holes; 14. Multi-path synchronous triggers.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The present embodiment is a kind of main coil 6 of electromagnetic type stress wave generator, comprises bobbin winoler 1, terminal seat 2, insulated coil 3 and subcoil 4.
Described bobbin winoler 1 is hollow solid of revolution, has the groove of ring-type at the circumferential surface of this bobbin winoler 1, and this groove is coil mounting groove, for installing subcoil 4 and insulated coil 3.Have two exhausting holes as wire guide in the side of described bobbin winoler 1 one end end face, wherein an exhausting hole is positive wire hole 12, and another row is cathode conductor hole 13.The center line in described positive wire hole and the center line in cathode conductor hole all with the centerline parallel of described bobbin winoler, and make described positive wire hole and cathode conductor hole all with the surperficial one_to_one corresponding of subcoil 4 being positioned at coil mounting groove.Described terminal seat 2 is bonded in described bobbin winoler wire guide end surface, and makes on this terminal seat 2 two row's wire guides arrange wire guide one_to_one corresponding with two of described bobbin winoler 1 end face respectively.
The quantity of described subcoil 4 and insulated coil 3 is equal, is respectively 2 ~ 10, in embodiment, and the quantity of described subcoil 4 and insulated coil 3 is respectively four.Each subcoil 4 and each insulated coil 3 alternately overlap successively according to the mode of one deck subcoil 4, one deck insulated coil 3 and load in described coil mounting groove, and the bottom is subcoil 4, and outermost layer is insulated coil 3.
Described subcoil 4 adopts wide 15mm, and the copper strips coiling of thick 1mm forms, at the viscose paper of the outer bread thick layer 0.5mm of described copper strips to make to insulate between circle and circle.Each subcoil number of turn is 4 circles, and coiling direction is clockwise direction, and wherein the internal diameter of the subcoil that diameter is minimum is 20mm.An end face of described subcoil is fixed with a positive terminal and an anode connector respectively.And make the position of described positive terminal and anode connector corresponding with a positive wire hole 12 of bobbin winoler 1 end face and the position in a cathode conductor hole 13 respectively.After in the coil mounting groove that four subcoils are sleeved on described bobbin winoler circumferential surface one by one on request, the positive terminal of four end faces and anode connector are corresponding with the positive wire hole of the bobbin winoler end face of described position and cathode conductor hole respectively.
Described insulated coil 3 adopts insulating tape coiling to form, and each insulated coil width is identical with the width of subcoil, and the thickness of insulated coil is 2mm.
Described bobbin winoler 1 is made with nylon.The internal diameter of this bobbin winoler central through hole slightly larger than the external diameter of the locating shaft of amplifier 8, when described bobbin winoler is sleeved on after on this amplifier locating shaft, clearance fit between the two.In the present embodiment, the aperture of described bobbin winoler 1 center pit is 18mm.Interference fit between the outside surface of described bobbin winoler and the inside surface loading rifle housing.
Described terminal 2 is block, adopts made of plastic.Described terminal has the wire guide that two rows are through, is respectively positive wire hole and cathode conductor hole.
During use, main coil 6 is arranged on the one end loaded in rifle housing 5, and makes the inside surface interference fit of the outside surface of the bobbin winoler of described main coil and described loading rifle housing 5.The end face of amplifier 8 larger diameter end and an end face of the secondary coil 7 loading rifle 11 are fitted fixing.Another end face of secondary coil 7 and an end face of main coil 6 are freely fitted.The locating shaft of described amplifier passes the center pit of main coil 6, and the center pit clearance fit of described locating shaft and described amplifier.
Positive terminal on each subcoil 4 in main coil 6 is connected with wire respectively with anode connector, and each wire is each passed through the wire guide on bobbin winoler and terminal, be connected with the positive wire joint of each capacitor charger 10 and cathode conductor joint that load rifle 11 respectively.Described each capacitor charger 10 is connected with the power supply 9 of riveting set respectively.Each electronic switch in described each capacitor charger is connected with each pipeline connector of Multi-path synchronous trigger 14 respectively.
4 cover capacitor chargers 10 in the present embodiment all adopt the power pack of existing electromagnetic rivetter, and the power pack of described electromagnetic rivetter is published in the power pack that the patent No. is the electromagnetic rivetter in the patent of 200520079179.The power pack of described electromagnetic riveting comprises condenser box and control box.In the present embodiment, Capacitor banks and electronic switch is comprised in condenser box, the capacitor part of described capacitor charger composes in parallel Capacitor banks by 4 impulse capacitors, the rated voltage of each impulse capacitor is 5000V, capacitance is 4mF, described Capacitor banks and electronic switch are installed in the condenser box of capacitor charger 10, by the electric discharge of electronic switch control capacitor group.Described control box mainly comprises PLC and control system thereof.Control system forms primarily of simulation control part, digital control part and digital display portion.Wherein simulation control part adopts the TCA785 chip of SIEMENS company.Digital control part exports expansion module EM235 by the serial CPU224 of the S7-200 of Siemens and Siemens's analog input and forms.Charging voltage controls mainly to be realized by the pid control mode of Voltage loop and electric current loop.Digital display portion is mainly by S7-200 series text display TD200 composition.
Power supply 9 adopts the industrial alternating current of 380V.
For the electromagnetic type stress wave generator adopting described main coil structure, present invention also proposes the charging/discharging method of main coil, comprise the main coil charge/discharge of short pulse, the main coil charge/discharge of amplitude stress pulse and long pulse, low amplitude value stress pulse.
The main coil charge/discharge of I acquisition short pulse, amplitude stress pulse.
Described short pulse refers to that pulse width is the stress wave pulse of 100 ~ 400us, and described amplitude refers to that the amplitude of sinusoidal stress pulse is 400 ~ 1500Mpa.In the present embodiment, the pulse width of stress wave pulse is 400us, and the amplitude of sinusoidal stress pulse is 600Mpa.
When carrying out being greater than 2000s
-1high strain-rate material experiment time, need the stress wave of short pulse, amplitude, short pulse is used for controlling the deformation extent of material, and amplitude is used for making material deformation reach required rate of strain.For general material, required stress wave amplitude is at more than 400Mpa, need 4 capacitor chargers 10 are discharged to the subcoil 4 connected simultaneously, therefore pass through the human-computer interaction interface of each capacitor charger, 4 capacitor charger electronic switches are set and close simultaneously.By business software ansys electromagnetic module, the main coil structure in the present embodiment is carried out to the numerical simulation of discharge process, analog result shows, main coil size in the present embodiment can reach 2200Mpa when charging voltage is 2000V, meet the high strain-rate experiment of material completely, and the capacitance that in the present embodiment, capacitor charger adopts can obtain the pulse width of 400us.
Carry out being greater than 2000s
-1the process of high strain-rate material experiment be: the charging voltage of 4 capacitor chargers 10 is set to 600 ~ 3000V, and in the present embodiment, charging voltage is set as 1000V.Click charge button, in the control circuit of capacitor charger 10, PLC outputs control signals to energy storage controllable silicon, make corresponding energy storage controlled silicon conducting, afterwards, industrial 380V alternating current is boosted to 1000V alternating current by transformer, and rectifier bridge carries out rectification to 1000V alternating current, charges after making it be transformed to 1000V direct current to Capacitor banks.After charging complete, PLC exports control signal by energy storage trigger makes energy storage controllable silicon disconnect.
After charging complete, press the shift knob of Multi-path synchronous trigger 14, described Multi-path synchronous trigger sends trigger pip to the electronic switch of 4 capacitor chargers 10 simultaneously, the electronic switch of described 4 capacitor chargers is started working simultaneously, so the electronic switch of described 4 capacitor chargers was connected according to the time of setting, make corresponding discharging thyristor conducting, the road capacitor discharging circuit that the energy stored in energy-storage capacitor 10 is formed through discharging thyristor and subcoil 4 discharges, thus generation time cycle short 400us, the sinusoidal discharge current of amplitude 35000A.
After discharging thyristor conducting, discharge current flows through each subcoil 4 of main coil 6, the pulsed magnetic field of high strength is formed around it, the intensity in described magnetic field distributes in Gaussian distribution from inside to outside along the radius of main coil 6, namely the strongest in the half place magnetic field intensity of main coil radius, be attenuation distribution by the half of main coil 6 radius to both sides.In loading rifle 11, main coil 6 and secondary coil 7 are adjacent to mutually, in described secondary coil 7, eddy current is produced due to electromagnetic induction, from numerical simulation, the strength of current of described eddy current is in time in sinusoidal variations, current cycle is the same with the discharge cycle of main coil 6, the electric current of described eddy current is Gaussian distribution along radial direction at secondary coil 7 on the end face of main coil 6, maximum at the half place electric current of radius, amplitude is for being about 5A, at the thickness direction of secondary coil 7, strength of vortex decays along with the distance of measurement plane distance main coil 6 end face, at secondary coil 7 away from the end face of main coil, eddy current is not almost had to produce.The pulsed magnetic field direction that described main coil 6 and secondary coil 7 produce is contrary, thus produces extremely strong electromagnetic repulsion force; Described electromagnetic repulsion force forms one and lasts very short, that intensity is very high stress pulse in secondary coil 7, described stress pulse is exported by the small end of amplifier after the reflection of amplifier 8 conical surface is amplified, form pulse width 400us, the sinusoidal stress pulse of amplitude 600Mpa, namely described stress pulse can be used as rate of strain after shaping is 3000s
-1the loading stress ripple of the Hopkinson pressure bar experiment of left and right.
Owing to being discharged to corresponding subcoil 4 by 4 capacitor chargers 10 simultaneously, ampere turns in main coil 6 is the ampere turns sum of 4 subcoils 4, this makes the magnetic field of main coil 6 strengthen due to the superposition in 4 subcoil 4 magnetic fields, and the duration in magnetic field is the discharge time of a subcoil 4, the stress wave produced by this way is short pulse, the stress pulse of amplitude, can be used for the high strain-rate experiment of material.
The main coil charge/discharge of II acquisition long pulse, low amplitude value stress pulse.
Described long pulse refers to that pulse width is the stress wave pulse of 400 ~ 1000us, and described low amplitude value refers to that the amplitude of sinusoidal stress pulse is 100 ~ 400Mpa.In the present embodiment, the pulse width of stress wave pulse is 800us, and the amplitude of sinusoidal stress pulse is 200Mpa.
When carrying out the experiment of material low strain dynamic rate, need the stress wave of long pulse, low amplitude value, long pulse is used for increasing the deformation extent of material, and low amplitude value is used for controlling the rate of strain of material.Need to make 4 capacitor charger 10 programmable discharge, with increase main coil 6 duration in generation magnetic field.By business software ansys electromagnetic module, the main coil structure in the present embodiment is carried out to the numerical simulation of discharge process, analog result shows, along with institute's making alive changes within 3000V, can obtain the cycle by 4 subcoil programmable discharge is 800us, and amplitude is the stress pulse of tens ~ 400Mpa.In the present embodiment, 4 capacitor chargers 10 are divided into 4 groups, the 1st group ~ the 4th group is followed successively by by the diameter of described capacitor charger institute connexon coil 4 is descending, by the human-computer interaction interface of each capacitor charger 10, the electronic switch closes time interval arranging 4 capacitor chargers 10 is 100us.
The charging voltage of 4 capacitor chargers 10 is set to 600 ~ 3000V, and in the present embodiment, charging voltage is set as 1000V.Click charge button, in the control circuit of capacitor charger 10, PLC outputs control signals to energy storage controllable silicon, make corresponding energy storage controlled silicon conducting, afterwards, industrial 380V alternating current is boosted to 1000V alternating current by transformer, and rectifier bridge carries out rectification to 1000V alternating current, charges after making it be transformed to 1000V direct current to energy-storage capacitor.After charging complete, PLC exports control signal by energy storage trigger makes energy storage controllable silicon disconnect.
After charging complete, press the shift knob of Multi-path synchronous trigger 14, described Multi-path synchronous trigger sends trigger pip to the electronic switch of 4 capacitor chargers 10 simultaneously, the electronic switch of described 4 capacitor chargers is started working simultaneously, so the electronic switch of described 4 capacitor chargers was connected successively according to the time interval of setting, make corresponding discharging thyristor conducting, the road capacitor discharging circuit that the energy stored in Capacitor banks is formed through discharging thyristor and subcoil 4 discharges, thus produce width 800us, the sinusoidal discharge current of amplitude 32000A, 4 subcoils discharge successively and make the discharge current duration of main coil elongated.
After discharging thyristor conducting, discharge current flows through each subcoil 4 of main coil 6, forms the pulsed magnetic field of high strength around it, and 4 subcoils discharge successively and make the magnetic field duration of main coil elongated.The intensity in described magnetic field distributes in Gaussian distribution from inside to outside along the radius of main coil 6, namely the strongest in the half place magnetic field intensity of main coil radius, is attenuation distribution by the half of main coil 6 radius to both sides.In loading rifle 11, main coil 6 and secondary coil 7 are adjacent to mutually, in described secondary coil 7, eddy current is produced due to electromagnetic induction, from numerical simulation, the strength of current of described eddy current is in time in sinusoidal variations, current cycle is the same with the discharge cycle of main coil 6, the electric current of described eddy current is Gaussian distribution along radial direction at secondary coil 7 on the end face of main coil 6, maximum at the half place electric current of radius, amplitude is for being about 3A, at the thickness direction of secondary coil 7, strength of vortex decays along with the distance of measurement plane distance main coil 6 end face, at secondary coil 7 away from the end face of main coil, eddy current is not almost had to produce.The pulsed magnetic field direction that described main coil 6 and secondary coil 7 produce is contrary, thus produces extremely strong electromagnetic repulsion force; Described electromagnetic repulsion force forms one and lasts very short, that intensity is very high stress pulse in secondary coil 7, described stress pulse is exported by the small end of amplifier after the reflection of amplifier 8 conical surface is amplified, form pulse width 800us, the sinusoidal stress pulse of amplitude 200Mpa, namely described stress pulse can be used as rate of strain after shaping is 500s
-1the loading stress ripple of the Hopkinson pressure bar experiment of left and right.
Owing to being discharged to corresponding subcoil by the timesharing of 4 capacitor chargers 10, in main coil 6, the ampere turns in each moment is the ampere turns of a subcoil, this makes the magnetic field intensity of main coil 6 diminish, but the duration in magnetic field is but elongated due to the superposition of 4 sub-coil discharge times, the stress wave produced by this way is long pulse, the stress pulse of low amplitude value, can be used for the 500s of material
-1the experiment of left and right rate of strain.
Claims (6)
1. a main coil for electromagnetic type stress wave generator, is characterized in that, comprises bobbin winoler, terminal seat, multiple insulated coil and multiple subcoil; The circumferential surface of described bobbin winoler has the coil mounting groove of ring-type, and described each subcoil and each insulated coil alternately overlap successively and load in described coil mounting groove, and the bottom is subcoil, and outermost layer is insulated coil; Have two exhausting holes in the side of described bobbin winoler one end end face, be respectively positive wire hole and cathode conductor hole; Described terminal seat is bonded in described bobbin winoler wire guide end surface, and make on this terminal seat two row's wire guides respectively with positive wire hole and the cathode conductor hole one_to_one corresponding of described bobbin winoler end face.
2. the main coil of electromagnetic type stress wave generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the center line in described positive wire hole and the center line in cathode conductor hole all with the centerline parallel of described bobbin winoler, and make described positive wire hole and cathode conductor hole all with the surperficial one_to_one corresponding of subcoil being positioned at coil mounting groove.
3. the main coil of electromagnetic type stress wave generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, after in the coil mounting groove that described each subcoil is sleeved on described bobbin winoler circumferential surface one by one on request, the positive terminal of each subcoil end face is connected with wire respectively with anode connector, and each wire is each passed through the wire guide on bobbin winoler and terminal, be connected with the positive wire joint of each capacitor charger and cathode conductor joint that load rifle respectively.
4. the main coil of electromagnetic type stress wave generator as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described each capacitor charger is connected with the power supply of riveting set respectively; Each electronic switch in described each capacitor charger is connected with each pipeline connector of Multi-path synchronous trigger respectively.
5. the method for the charge/discharge of the main coil of electromagnetic type stress wave generator described in a claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method for described charge/discharge comprises the main coil charge/discharge of short pulse, the main coil charge/discharge of amplitude stress pulse and long pulse, low amplitude value stress pulse;
The process of the main coil charge/discharge of short pulse, amplitude stress pulse described in I is respectively:
Described main coil charging process is same as the prior art;
Described main coil discharge process is: after charging complete, control Multi-path synchronous trigger sends trigger pip to the electronic switch of each capacitor charger simultaneously, the electronic switch of described each capacitor charger was connected according to the time of setting, make corresponding discharging thyristor conducting, the road capacitor discharging circuit that the energy stored in energy-storage capacitor is formed through discharging thyristor and subcoil discharges, thus the sinusoidal discharge current of generation time cycle short 400us, amplitude 35000A;
After discharging thyristor conducting, discharge current flows through each subcoil of main coil, the pulsed magnetic field of high strength is formed around it, the intensity in described magnetic field distributes in Gaussian distribution from inside to outside along the radius of main coil, namely the strongest in the half place magnetic field intensity of main coil radius, be attenuation distribution by the half of main coil radius to both sides; In loading rifle, main coil and secondary coil are adjacent to mutually, in described secondary coil, eddy current is produced due to electromagnetic induction, this strength of current stating eddy current is in time in sinusoidal variations, current cycle is the same with the discharge cycle of main coil, the electric current of described eddy current is Gaussian distribution along radial direction at secondary coil on the end face of main coil, maximum at the half place electric current of radius, amplitude is for being 5A, at the thickness direction of secondary coil, strength of vortex decays along with the distance of measurement plane distance main coil end face; The pulsed magnetic field direction that described main coil and secondary coil produce is contrary, thus produces extremely strong electromagnetic repulsion force; Described electromagnetic repulsion force forms one and lasts very short, that intensity is very high stress pulse in secondary coil, described stress pulse is exported by the small end of amplifier after the reflection of the amplifier conical surface is amplified, form pulse width 400us, the sinusoidal stress pulse of amplitude 600Mpa, namely described stress pulse can be used as rate of strain after shaping is 3000s
-1the loading stress ripple of Hopkinson pressure bar experiment;
Owing to being discharged to corresponding subcoil by multiple capacitor charger simultaneously, ampere turns in main coil is the ampere turns sum of multiple subcoil, this makes the magnetic field of main coil strengthen due to the superposition in multiple subcoil magnetic field, and the duration in magnetic field is the discharge time of a subcoil, the stress wave produced by this way is short pulse, the stress pulse of amplitude, can be used for the high strain-rate experiment of material;
The process of the main coil charge/discharge of long pulse, low amplitude value stress pulse described in II is respectively:
Described main coil charging process is same as the prior art;
Described main coil discharge process is: after charging complete, control Multi-path synchronous trigger sends trigger pip to the electronic switch of each capacitor charger simultaneously, the electronic switch of described each capacitor charger was connected successively according to the time interval of setting, make corresponding discharging thyristor conducting, the discharge circuit that the energy stored in Capacitor banks is formed through discharging thyristor and subcoil discharges, thus producing the sinusoidal discharge current of width 800us, amplitude 32000A, multiple subcoil discharges successively and makes the discharge current duration of main coil elongated; The time interval that the electronic cutting of described each capacitor charger is connected successively is 50 ~ 100us;
After discharging thyristor conducting, the surrounding that discharge current flows through each subcoil of main coil forms the pulsed magnetic field of high strength, and multiple subcoil discharges successively and makes the magnetic field duration of main coil elongated; The intensity in described magnetic field distributes in Gaussian distribution from inside to outside along the radius of main coil; In loading rifle, main coil and secondary coil are adjacent to mutually, in described secondary coil, eddy current is produced due to electromagnetic induction, from numerical simulation, the strength of current of described eddy current is in time in sinusoidal variations, current cycle is the same with the discharge cycle of main coil, the electric current of described eddy current is Gaussian distribution along radial direction at secondary coil on the end face of main coil, maximum at the half place electric current of radius, amplitude is 3A, at the thickness direction of secondary coil, strength of vortex decays along with the distance of measurement plane distance main coil end face; The pulsed magnetic field direction that described main coil and secondary coil produce is contrary, thus produces extremely strong electromagnetic repulsion force; Described electromagnetic repulsion force forms one and lasts very short, that intensity is very high stress pulse in secondary coil, described stress pulse is exported by the small end of amplifier after the reflection of the amplifier conical surface is amplified, form pulse width 800us, the sinusoidal stress pulse of amplitude 200Mpa, namely described stress pulse can be used as rate of strain after shaping is 500s
-1the loading stress ripple of the Hopkinson pressure bar experiment of left and right;
During by multiple capacitor charger timesharing to corresponding subcoil electric discharge, in main coil, the ampere turns in each moment is the ampere turns of a subcoil, the magnetic field intensity of main coil is diminished, duration in magnetic field is elongated due to the superposition of multiple subcoil discharge time, produces the stress wave pulse of long pulse, low amplitude value.
6. the method for the charge/discharge of the main coil of electromagnetic type stress wave generator as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described short pulse refers to that pulse width is the stress wave pulse of 100 ~ 400us, and described amplitude refers to that the amplitude of sinusoidal stress pulse is 400 ~ 1500Mpa; The process of the main coil charge/discharge of described short pulse, amplitude stress pulse is suitable for rate of strain and is greater than 2000s
-1material experiment;
Described long pulse refers to that pulse width is the stress wave pulse of 400 ~ 1000us, and described low amplitude value refers to that the amplitude of sinusoidal stress pulse is 100 ~ 400Mpa; The process of the main coil charge/discharge of described long pulse low amplitude value stress pulse is suitable for rate of strain 500s
-1material experiment.
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| CN113363044A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-07 | 西北工业大学 | Electromagnetic loading coil capable of generating arbitrary stress waveform |
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