CN104667831B - Trickle bed reaction unit gas-liquid distributor - Google Patents
Trickle bed reaction unit gas-liquid distributor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104667831B CN104667831B CN201510060815.3A CN201510060815A CN104667831B CN 104667831 B CN104667831 B CN 104667831B CN 201510060815 A CN201510060815 A CN 201510060815A CN 104667831 B CN104667831 B CN 104667831B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of trickle bed reaction unit gas-liquid distributor, mainly include horizontal plate, calotte combinative structure, inlet opening, cloth liquid cover, liquid distributor, cloth liquid baffle plate, cloth liquid cover base；Uniform some calotte combinative structurees on horizontal plate, calotte combinative structure is that internal layer calotte embeds in horizontal plate, and internal layer calotte peripheral hardware outer layer calotte, internal layer calotte, outer layer calotte all have some sieve apertures；Internal layer calotte arranges inlet opening, and at inlet opening, correspondence sets installation cloth liquid baffle plate, and cloth liquid baffle plate bottom arranges cloth liquid cover, cloth liquid cover arranges sieve aperture；The position corresponding with inlet opening sets cloth liquid baffle plate；If the bottom of cloth liquid cover arranges individual liquid distributor.The present invention can make gas-liquid be fully contacted, and liquid is driven dispersion, injection, quadratic distribution at the bottom of a part flows to cloth liquid cover simultaneously in the flowing of sieve aperture district by gas, has the advantages such as operating flexibility is big, resistance is low, cloth liquid is effective, anti-clogging, requirement for horizontality are low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of trickle bed reaction unit gas-liquid distributor, the gas-liquid distributor of the gas-liquid two-phase flow distribution in a kind of fixed bed reactors, be widely used in the industries such as Coal Chemical Industry, oil refining, petrochemical industry, fine chemistry industry, pharmacy, oils and fats.
Background technology
What industrial application trickle bed was largest is the hydrogenation process in petroleum refining industry, such as heavy oil or the hydrodesulfurization of residual oil, hydrocracking and diesel oil, the hydrofinishing etc. of lubricating oil.In bed, liquid distribution situation is one of key property parameter of trickle bed reactor, industrial reactor is very sensitive to liquid distribution, liquid distribution inequality can cause catalyst irrigation incomplete, channel and focus etc. is formed at bed, the utilization ratio of catalyst can be reduced, reduction of service life, and cause product property to be deteriorated.In clean fuel oil production process, the effect obtained by an inner member technology (such as gas-liquid distributor) packaged is used never to be second to use a kind of activity preferably catalyst instead.
It is known that the factor affecting liquid distribution mainly has: the pre-distribution situation of liquid, gas/liquid speed of operation, liquid property, shape of catalyst, bed diameter and the ratio of particle diameter and solid particle and reactor material wettability etc..Along with in world wide, the increasingly stringent of environmental protection law regulation, cleaning fuel are in global promotion and application and the following requirement producing ultra-low-sulphur diesel, traditional oil Refining Technologies must carry out the technological improvement upgraded.Wherein one of key technology is exactly that reactor must have the peak use rate redistributing to realize catalyst between good liquid, gas initial distribution and bed, otherwise can not produce ultra-low-sulphur diesel.
On beds, generally arrange inlet diffuser, distributing disc, gas-liquid distributor, the Main Function of bubbler and distributing disc is rough segmentation cloth and reduces the impact to gas-liquid distributor of the gas-liquid flow at high speed, and the distributor performance of the gas-liquid distributor directly over beds is most important.For rectification and absorption tower, gas-liquid counter current is relatively common, conventional gas-liquid distributor has Box-type Gas-liquid Distributor, calandria gas-liquid distributor, tank type liquid distributor, disc type liquid distribution trough etc., the most fluid flow of operating mode that these distributors use is relatively large, easily form stable, uniform distributed effect, operating mode for gas and liquid flowing, should gas-liquid mixed is uniform, also to be evenly distributed biphase simultaneously, the most also there is good operating flexibility, anti-stifled and anti-dirt performance.
Along with the expansion of unit scale, the diameter of reactor is continuing to increase, and gas-liquid distribution is more and more important.Gas-liquid skewness can have a strong impact on reactor operating characteristics, directly affects the efficiency of trickle bed reactor.The several important indicators evaluating gas-liquid distributor performance include: 1, keep stable, good performance in the range of bigger gas-liquid load；2, the spacing of cloth liquid point is little, quantity is abundant；3, low to distributor levelness sensitivity；4, pressure drop is little；5, be not easy blocked；Allotter at present both at home and abroad used has a various ways: liquid flow type allotter, sieve-board type allotter, funnel-shaped distributing disc, long short tube allotter, angle pipe allotter, v-notch allotter, bubble-cap type allotter, air lift type allotter etc., these distributors are updated in terms of operating flexibility, anti-clogging, but the space being still improved；Still deficiency is had in terms of the quantity, density increase of cloth liquid point.The trend constantly maximized in the face of device, on the premise of gas-liquid is uniformly distributed, how making gas-liquid form spray regime becomes the focus of research and development.
Document US4708852 describes a kind of trickle bed reactor.This reactor includes an import pre-distributor, a gas-liquid distributor, porcelain ball bed, beds.The gas-liquid distributor of the document uses the structure of perforate corrugated plating, certain liquid level is kept in trough, the all perforates of the lowest point, brae, summit, liquid passes from the hole of the lowest point and the hole that is in subsurface brae, forming laterally stream, gas then passes from summit and the hole being in the brae on liquid level.Gas and liquid, at corrugated plating lower contact, improve enterprise object uniformity.This gas-liquid distributor can provide gas-liquid at the distributing homogeneity of different angles, but the liquid level in paddy can not control, if initial gas or liquid distribution are uneven, then this gas-liquid distributor is difficult to form liquid level in uniform paddy, do not reach equally distributed purpose, inside reactor drip poor effect, affects the reaction efficiency of trickle bed reactor.
Chinese patent CN101279229A discloses a kind of trickle bed reactor, distribution grid is provided with gas passage pipe and fluid passage pipe, gas passage pipe is made up of circular cone top cover and upright short tube, fluid passage pipe is vertical short tube, 10-100 millimeter above distribution grid is stretched out in the upper end of vertical short tube, 200-1000mm below distribution grid is stretched out in lower end, has aperture on the cross section of axially displaced section equably.CN103212345A discloses the gas-liquid distributor of a kind of hanging structure, distributor is made up of outer tube and inner tube, outer tube and inner tube connect by gripper shoe, outer tube makes its top closure by cover plate, and outer tube wall has the duct as gas-liquid fluid entrance, and outer tube is a stay tube, it is arranged on distributor tower tray, inner tube is hanging structure, and in its underpart, the distance of tower tray is 30-50 millimeter, is placed on outer tube by gripper shoe；Gripper shoe is one piece of annular slab between inner tube and outer tube, inner tube is fixed so that it is for hanging structure, and stops fluid to flow downward along the annular space between inner tube and outer tube.The defect of this distributor is to belong to the application under applicable low pressure, big gas liquid ratio working condition, and for high pressure reaction assembly, in most cases the kinetic energy of gas is relatively low, it is impossible to realize pumping function and jet spread function well.
The gas-liquid of above-mentioned trickle bed reactor obtains a certain degree of uniform, but interaction of gas and liquid is less, and liquid distribution is mainly rill stock and concentrates flowing, it is impossible to spray with drop state, and then liquid cannot realize the initial preferable uniform of beds.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of novel trickle bed reaction unit gas-liquid distributor, the defect of prior art can be overcome.The present invention combines based on some calottes, the uniform design of multistage liquid, it is provided that a kind of low cost, simple in construction, the trickle bed reaction unit gas-liquid distributor that distributed effect is good.
The gas-liquid distributor that the present invention provides mainly includes horizontal plate, calotte combinative structure, inlet opening, cloth liquid cover, liquid distributor, cloth liquid baffle plate, cloth liquid cover base；Uniform some calotte combinative structurees on horizontal plate, calotte combinative structure is that internal layer calotte embeds in horizontal plate, internal layer calotte peripheral hardware outer layer calotte, and internal layer calotte, outer layer calotte all have some sieve apertures, and internal layer calotte has top cover without top cover, outer layer calotte；Internal layer calotte is in the position near horizontal plate, and internal layer calotte arranges some inlet openings；Cloth liquid baffle plate bottom arranges cloth liquid cover, and cloth liquid cover arranges sieve aperture；The height of the distance from bottom horizontal plate of internal layer calotte arranges inlet opening, and the position that inlet opening is corresponding arranges cloth liquid baffle plate；If the bottom of cloth liquid cover arranges individual liquid distributor (for example, at least 3), decrease the uniform drippage of doing of cloth liquid cover centre, beneficially liquid.
3-12 the liquid distributor of interior installation of described cloth liquid cover.Described liquid distributor is straight tube, bend pipe or combination.
Described internal layer calotte and outer layer calotte are vertical sieve plate.
Described cloth liquid cover base is serration type base.Sawtooth the most respectively inwards and outwardly opens, and angle is 30-60 °, is conducive to the dispersion of the liquid from cloth liquid cover outer wall landing and uniformly drips, makes gas-liquid be sufficiently mixed and reach equally distributed effect.
The invention provides novel trickle bed reaction unit gas-liquid distributor, according to conventional mounting means, (including that support beam, clamp, bolt and pressing plate etc. are arranged in trickle bed reactor) is installed.
The gas-liquid distributor of the trickle bed reaction unit that the present invention provides may be directly applied to the technique of Oleum Ricini hydrogenation, obtains excellent effect.The present invention is widely used in the fields such as Coal Chemical Industry, oil refining, petrochemical industry, fine chemistry industry, pharmacy, oils and fats equally.
Substantial advantage and effect that the present invention highlights are described as follows:
1, the present invention can make gas-liquid distribution reach good result, and resistance drop is less, can control in the range of 150Pa 300Pa, and cloth liquid point is close, be evenly distributed, and reduces without liquid zone, thus improves the efficiency of beds, minimizing hot localised points.
2, the present invention uses multistage liquid uniform, it is contemplated that multiple Liquid Flow and Interactions Mode, and the operating flexibility of gas-liquid is bigger.
3, due to the fact that liquid distribution mainly by liquid layer pressure, the requirement for horizontality installed thus for distributor is lower, and enlarge-effect is less.
4, internal layer calotte of the present invention and outer layer calotte are vertical sieve aperture, and anti-clogging is higher, are suitable for the operating mode that liquid property is the most severe.
5, the present invention be easily installed, convenient disassembly.
In a word, the present invention can overcome the defect of prior art.The present invention divides uniform, the design concept of liquid drip distribution based on some inside and outside calotte combinations, liquid jet dispersion, liquid distributor secondary, provide that a kind of resistance is low, anti-clogging, low cost, simple in construction, the trickle bed reaction unit gas-liquid distributor that distributed effect is good, it is widely used, there is huge economic benefit and social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is gas-liquid distributor structural representation of the present invention.
Figure 1B is that the inlet opening local gas-liquid state of gas-liquid distributor shown in Figure 1A flows to schematic diagram.
Fig. 1 C is gas-liquid distributor of the present invention installation site in the reactor and population structure generalized section.
Fig. 1 D is cloth liquid cover in gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, liquid distributor and deflector locus, according to Fig. 1 C
E-E generalized section.
Fig. 2 A is document US4708852 drip-flow reactor schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 B is that the gas-liquid state of the gas-liquid distributor of the drip-flow reactor shown in Fig. 2 A flows to schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 A is the trickle bed reactor schematic diagram of domestic current.
Fig. 3 B is that the gas-liquid state of the gas-liquid distributor of trickle bed reactor shown in Fig. 3 A flows to schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
It is further elaborated on the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing.The experiment of unreceipted actual conditions, method of testing in embodiment, generally according to the condition described in normal condition and handbook, or according to the condition proposed by manufacturer；Used equipment, material, reagent etc., if no special instructions, the most commercially obtain.
As it can be seen, 1, outer layer calotte；2, internal layer calotte；3, cloth liquid plate washer；4, cloth liquid cover；5, liquid distributor；6, serration type deflector；7, inlet opening；8, horizontal plate；9 is reactor, and 10 is porcelain ball bed, and 11 is charging aperture, and 12 is beds, and 13 is discharging opening；14 is the gas-liquid distributor of document US4708852 trickle bed reactor, and 15 is the gas-liquid distributor of existing trickle bed reactor.
Described gas-liquid distributor mounting means as shown in Figure 1 C, including outer layer calotte 1, internal layer calotte 2, cloth liquid plate washer 3, cloth liquid cover 4, liquid distributor 5, serration type deflector 6, reactor 9, charging aperture 11.
Described cloth liquid cover structure as shown in figure ip, is provided with gas-liquid distributor in reactor 9, some cloth liquid covers 4 at distributor routed underneath, and cloth liquid cover 4 connects liquid distributor 5, serration type deflector 6.
Uniform some calotte combinative structurees on horizontal plate 8, calotte combinative structure is that internal layer calotte 2 embeds in horizontal plate 8, arranges outer layer calotte 1 outside internal layer calotte 2, and internal layer calotte 2, outer layer calotte 1 all have some sieve apertures；Internal layer calotte 2 is in the position near horizontal plate 8, and internal layer calotte 2 arranges some inlet openings 7, and cloth liquid baffle plate 3 bottom arranges cloth liquid cover 4, cloth liquid cover 4 arranges sieve aperture；The height of the distance from bottom horizontal plate 8 of internal layer calotte 2 arranges inlet opening 7, and the position of inlet opening 7 correspondence arranges cloth liquid baffle plate 3；If the bottom of cloth liquid cover 4 arranges individual liquid distributor 5(for example, at least 3), decrease the uniform drippage of doing of cloth liquid cover 4 centre, beneficially liquid.
3-12 root liquid distributor is installed in cloth liquid cover。
Described internal layer calotte and outer layer calotte are vertical sieve plate, and internal layer calotte has top cover without top cover, outer layer calotte;
Described cloth liquid cover base is processed to serration type deflector, and the shape of every deflector can be triangle, trapezoidal, strip.Sawtooth respectively inwards and flexes outward according to odd and even number, is conducive to the dispersion of the liquid from cloth liquid cover outer wall landing and uniformly drips.
Described internal layer calotte 2 embeds on horizontal plate and welds.
Described inlet opening can be 2-8.
Distance between described internal layer calotte 2 and outer layer calotte 1 is 10-50mm.
Described sieve aperture is 2-9 row, often row 4-20, and sieve diameter is 4-12 mm.
The workflow of the gas-liquid distributor that the present invention provides is described in detail as follows:
The gas-liquid mixture fallen from reactor 9 top falls: a part falls directly into horizontal plate 8, is entered in internal layer calotte 2 by the inlet opening of internal layer calotte 2；A part falls on outer layer calotte 1, the liquid downward landing of sidewall by outer layer calotte 1, interact with the gas entered by the sieve aperture of outer layer cover 1, gas-liquid mixed, transverse injection, flow downward, the gas-liquid mixture of a part of transverse injection is ejected on internal layer calotte 2, secondary impact, broken, Surface Renewal occur, and major part liquid is fallen on horizontal plate 8, and a small amount of liquid enters internal layer cover 2 with drop state and flows down in cloth liquid cover 4.
Inlet opening 7 is set, make the liquid in inflow internal layer calotte 2 through (cloth liquid baffle plate 3) water conservancy diversion, liquid is made to enter into cloth liquid cover 4 along internal layer calotte 2 bottom, and flow downward along the sieve aperture of cloth liquid cover 4, it is divided into three parts and falls: gas drives a part of liquid jet, dispersion to go out at sieve aperture；A part of liquid falls along cloth liquid cover 4 inwall；A part of liquid is along cloth liquid cover 4 outer wall landing, and after flowing to serration type deflector, liquid stream is directed to separately, and formation multiply liquid stream, along the Surface runoff of deflector, is scattering into beds.
Multitube secondary liquid distributor is set bottom cloth liquid cover 4, i.e. at the cloth liquid cover 4 multiple liquid distributor of bottom design, makes to fall the liquid bottom cloth liquid cover and pass through liquid distributor 5 water conservancy diversion, be evenly distributed in beds from liquid distributor 5 lower end, reduce without liquid zone.
The application measure of merit of the gas-liquid distributor that the present invention provides:
Use one-level Oleum Ricini hydrogenation as the technique of performance test, under identical technological parameter, with same reactor and catalyst, change different types of gas-liquid distributor, after detection hydrogenation, the iodine number of product, both can verify that the distributor distributed effect to gas-liquid two-phase.
The present invention is applied to the process conditions of Oleum Ricini hydrogenation: system hydrogen exchange, catalyst is Raney's nickel catalyst, and the kieselguhr of usage amount is carrier.Selecting catalyst consumption is 2%, and at 1.15MPa (G) pressure, reaction temperature is 150-180 DEG C.
Application Example 1
As shown in Figure 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, the iodine number of initial Oleum Ricini is more than 85 grams of I2/ 100 grams of Oil, hydrogen equal to 320 entrance trickle bed reactors, uses copper nickel binary catalyst with hydrogen-oil ratio, employing kieselguhr is carrier, and hydrogenation reactor uses the gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, a diameter of 80mm of outer layer cover, percent opening is 20%, a diameter of 60mm of internal layer cover
Percent opening is 15%, and inlet opening number is 4, a diameter of 3mm, cloth liquid cover diameter is identical with internal layer cover, the percent opening 10% of cloth liquid cover, and 3 liquid distributors are installed in the bottom of cloth liquid cover, 8 serration type deflectors of cloth liquid cover lower end design, experiment proves that the Oleum Ricini iodine number after hydrogenation is≤2.8 grams of I2/
100 grams of Oil.
Application Example 2
As shown in Figure 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, the iodine number of initial Oleum Ricini is more than 85 grams of I2/ 100 grams of Oil, hydrogen equal to 320 entrance trickle bed reactors, uses copper nickel binary catalyst with hydrogen-oil ratio, employing kieselguhr is carrier, and hydrogenation reactor uses the gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, a diameter of 100mm of outer layer cover, percent opening is 20%, a diameter of 80mm of internal layer cover
Percent opening is 15%, and inlet opening number is 6, a diameter of 2mm, cloth liquid cover diameter is identical with internal layer cover, the percent opening 12% of cloth liquid cover, and 4 liquid distributors are installed in the bottom of cloth liquid cover, 10 serration type deflectors of cloth liquid cover lower end design, experiment proves that the Oleum Ricini iodine number after hydrogenation is≤2.3 grams of I2/
100 grams of Oil.
Application Example 3
As shown in Figure 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, the iodine number of initial Oleum Ricini is more than 85 grams of I2/100 gram of Oil, hydrogen is equal to 320 entrance trickle bed reactors with hydrogen-oil ratio, using copper nickel binary catalyst, employing kieselguhr is carrier, and hydrogenation reactor uses the gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, the a diameter of 70mm of outer layer cover, percent opening is 20%, a diameter of 40mm of internal layer cover
Percent opening is 15%, and inlet opening number is 3, a diameter of 2mm, cloth liquid cover diameter is identical with internal layer cover, the percent opening 15% of cloth liquid cover, and 3 liquid distributors are installed in the bottom of cloth liquid cover, 6 serration type deflectors of cloth liquid cover lower end design, experiment proves that the Oleum Ricini iodine number after hydrogenation is≤2.5 grams of I2/
100 grams of Oil.
Comparative example 1
As shown in Fig. 2 A, 2B, the iodine number of initial Oleum Ricini is more than 85 grams of I2/ 100 grams of Oil, hydrogen is equal to 320 entrance trickle bed reactors with hydrogen-oil ratio, catalyst uses copper nickel binary catalyst to use kieselguhr to be carrier, uses the trickle bed reactor of document US 4708852, tests the Oleum Ricini iodine number after proving hydrogenation and is :≤3.0 grams of I2/ 100 grams of Oil.
Comparative example 2
As shown in Fig. 3 A, 3B, the iodine number of initial Oleum Ricini is more than 85 grams of I2/ 100 grams of Oil, hydrogen equal to 320 entrance trickle bed reactors, uses copper nickel binary catalyst with hydrogen-oil ratio, and employing kieselguhr is carrier, uses the trickle bed reactor of domestic current, tests the Oleum Ricini iodine number after proving hydrogenation and is :≤3.5 grams of I2/
100 grams of Oil.
Proved by test, Oleum Ricini iodine number after hydrogenation is ordered as: comparative example 2 ＞ comparative example 1 ＞ embodiment 1 ＞ embodiment 3 ＞ embodiment 2, further relate to the impact on hydrogenation effect of the distributor performance, the cloth liquid better performances of the gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, illustrate the present invention, the number of suitable liquid distributor and the number of serration type deflector are played an important role equally simultaneously.Therefore, the present invention is that a kind of resistance is low, anti-clogging, low cost, simple in construction, the trickle bed reaction unit gas-liquid distributor that distributed effect is good.
Claims (10)
1. a gas-liquid distributor, it is characterised in that mainly include horizontal plate, calotte combinative structure, inlet opening, cloth liquid cover, liquid distributor, cloth liquid baffle plate, cloth liquid cover base；Uniform some calotte combinative structurees on horizontal plate, calotte combinative structure is that internal layer calotte embeds in horizontal plate, internal layer calotte peripheral hardware outer layer calotte, and internal layer calotte, outer layer calotte all have some sieve apertures, and internal layer calotte has top cover without top cover, outer layer calotte；Internal layer calotte is in the position near horizontal plate, and internal layer calotte arranges some inlet openings, and at inlet opening, correspondence position arranges cloth liquid baffle plate, and cloth liquid baffle plate bottom arranges cloth liquid cover, cloth liquid cover arranges sieve aperture；The certain altitude of the distance from bottom horizontal plate of internal layer calotte arranges inlet opening；If the bottom of cloth liquid cover arranges individual liquid distributor.
Gas-liquid distributor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described internal layer calotte and outer layer calotte are vertical sieve plate.
Gas-liquid distributor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that install 3-12 liquid distributor in described cloth liquid cover；Liquid distributor is straight tube, bend pipe or combination.
Gas-liquid distributor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described cloth liquid cover base is serration type deflector, and the shape of every deflector is triangle, trapezoidal, strip.
Gas-liquid distributor the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described sawtooth the most respectively inwards and outwardly opens, and angle is 30-60 °.
Gas-liquid distributor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described internal layer calotte embeds on horizontal plate and welds.
Gas-liquid distributor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the height of described inlet opening distance horizontal plate is 5-50mm, and its number is 3-12.
Gas-liquid distributor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the distance between described internal layer calotte and outer layer calotte is 10-50mm.
Gas-liquid distributor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described sieve aperture is 2-9 row, often row 4-20, a diameter of 4-12 mm.
10. the application of a gas-liquid distributor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the technique that it is applied to Oleum Ricini hydrogenation.
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| CN201510060815.3A CN104667831B (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Trickle bed reaction unit gas-liquid distributor |
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| CN201510060815.3A CN104667831B (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2015-02-05 | Trickle bed reaction unit gas-liquid distributor |
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| CN104667831B true CN104667831B (en) | 2016-08-24 |
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Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5683629A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1997-11-04 | Shell Oil Company | Horizontal tray and column for contacting gas and liquid |
| CN101279229B (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2011-02-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司上海石油化工研究院 | Trickle bed reactor |
| CN101954263B (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2012-09-05 | 南通泰禾化工有限公司 | Trickle bed equipment for preparing m-Metaxylenediamine |
| CN205042449U (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2016-02-24 | 天津奥展兴达化工技术有限公司 | Trickle bed reaction unit gas -liquid distributor |
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