CN104659337A - Preparation method of high-multiplying-power lithium iron silicate positive electrode material - Google Patents

Preparation method of high-multiplying-power lithium iron silicate positive electrode material Download PDF

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CN104659337A
CN104659337A CN201510061167.3A CN201510061167A CN104659337A CN 104659337 A CN104659337 A CN 104659337A CN 201510061167 A CN201510061167 A CN 201510061167A CN 104659337 A CN104659337 A CN 104659337A
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lithium
positive electrode
electrode material
preparation
carbon
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CN104659337B (en
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刘兴泉
张峥
赵红远
吴玥
陈炳
熊伟强
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of research and production of lithium ion secondary batteries, and provides a preparation method of electrode material lithium iron silicate of a porous lithium ion battery. The method comprises the following steps of dissolving lithium salt into water, and adjusting the pH value to be neutral; dissolving Fe (III) salt and a silicon source into an organic solvent to a mixed solution, dropwise adding the mixed solution into the lithium salt solution to form sol, and adding organic alkali until the pH is more than 7 so as to form gel; putting the gel into a hydrothermal kettle, and heating so as to obtain wet gel; then evaporating another solvent so as to obtain precursor powder; and sintering the precursor powder under the protection of inert gas, cooling and sieving so as to obtain the lithium iron silicate positive electrode material so as to achieve carbon coating in the process. According to the preparation method, the Fe (III) salt is used, the production cost is low; the prepared lithium iron silicate positive electrode material is high in specific capacity, and is large in specific surface area, and a product is high in purity, and has no impurity; the pore diameter is uniform; an organic mold plate is formed in a hydrothermal process, so that the lithium iron silicate positive electrode material has excellent circulation and multiplying performances.

Description

A kind of preparation method of high magnification ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material
Technical field
What the invention belongs to lithium rechargeable battery researchs and produces field, relate to a kind of collosol and gel and hydrothermal synthesis method to prepare lithium ion secondary battery positive electrode ferric metasilicate lithium composite material, improve the chemical property of material, be specially a kind of preparation method of high magnification ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is as a kind of important energy storage device.Compared to other chemical power source systems, lithium ion battery has the advantages such as operating voltage is high, energy density is large, self discharge is little, the life-span is long, is widely used in the fields such as communication, traffic, Aero-Space.Lithium ion battery is primarily of positive pole, negative pole, barrier film, electrolyte, shell and protective circuit composition, and wherein positive electrode is the important part of lithium ion battery.Up to now, business-like lithium ion battery mainly contains cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4 and LiFePO4.Cobalt acid lithium electrochemical performance is good but thermal stability is poor, and have certain pollution to environment, production cost is higher simultaneously.Good but the specific capacity of LiMn2O4 low price fail safe and high temperature cyclic performance poor, LiFePO4 developed rapidly in the last few years, but at present material actual specific capacity close to its theoretical specific capacity limit.Therefore in recent years, people constantly find the anode material for lithium-ion batteries of a new generation to promote the performance of battery.
Ferric metasilicate lithium (Li 2feSiO 4) be the novel lithium ion anode material of a class, theoretical specific capacity is up to 332mAhg -1.Owing to having stable Si-O key in material, the stable of crystal structure can be kept in charge and discharge process, therefore there is extraordinary fail safe and thermal stability.Iron and silicon are all elements the abundantest in the earth's crust simultaneously, and the raw material sources of synthetic material are extensive.Therefore in lithium-ion-power cell, application prospect is had.
The principal element of current obstruction ferric metasilicate lithium application is that the electronic conductivity of this material and ionic mobility are lower, causes the actual specific capacity of material poor far below the high rate performance of theoretical specific capacity material simultaneously.The solution main for this two problems has: 1. reduce ferric metasilicate lithium crystal grain to nanoscale to shorten the transmission range of lithium ion between lattice; 2. ferric metasilicate lithium and the material (mainly carbon) conducted electricity very well are carried out compound, form conductive network; 3. changed the energy level of material by ion doping, improve material intrinsic conductivity.Wherein, adopt nanometer crystal grain and the coated measure of carbon can significantly improve the chemical property of material simultaneously.Loose structure is extremely conducive to the contact area increasing positive electrode and electrolyte, effectively reduce material grains size, but the material that the loose structure positive electrode of report mainly relies on interpolation to have meso-hole structure at present obtains as template simultaneously, production cost is higher, unstable product quality.And be polymerized by Small molecular the consistency that the positive electrode obtaining soft template and then synthesizing porous structure effectively can improve material by control reaction condition, reduce production cost.At present, organic formwork is prepared about original position and then synthesizing porous lithium iron silicate material cannot there is not yet open report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of porous lithium ionic cell positive pole material ferric metasilicate lithium.The polymerization crosslinking that the present invention makes organic substance occur to a certain degree by water-heat process forms soft template, and is obtained the ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material of loose structure by sintering process.Anode material for lithium-ion batteries ferric metasilicate lithium prepared by the inventive method has circulation and high rate performance preferably.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A preparation method for high magnification ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material, comprises the following steps:
Step 1. is soluble in water by lithium salts, and adjust ph is to neutral, is dissolved in ethanol or acetone by Fe (III) salt and silicon source, dropwise add lithium salt solution to and form colloidal sol, wherein mol ratio Li:Fe:Si=2:1:1, then add organic base to pH>7, form gel;
Gel is put into water heating kettle and is obtained wet gel through hydro-thermal reaction by step 2., and evaporating solvent obtains precursor powder;
Precursor powder sinters by step 3. under protective gas atmosphere, cool, sieve after obtain ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material;
In above-mentioned preparation process, coated for realizing carbon, the carbon source addition manner adopted is: in lithium salt solution, add carbon source, and its carbon covering amount is 3-6%; Or add organic steam in sintering process, as carbon source, realize in-stiu coating, its carbon covering amount is 3-6%.
Further, the hydrothermal temperature of described hydro-thermal reaction is 150-200 DEG C, and the time is 10-48h.
The sintering temperature of described sintering is 550-800 DEG C, and the time is 5-24 hour, and programming rate is 2-10 DEG C/min.
Preferably, described lithium salts is lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium oxalate or lithium citrate; Described Fe (III) salt is ferric nitrate, ironic citrate or iron sucrose; Described silicon source is tetraethoxysilane, methyl silicate or silicate hydrate.
Described organic base is one or more mixtures of ethylenediamine, diethylamine, triethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, aniline.
The coated process of described carbon, the carbon source of adding in lithium salt solution is citric acid, glucose, sucrose, starch; The organic steam added in sintering process is benzene, toluene, ethanol, acetone steam.Preferred; in lithium salt solution, add the sucrose of 5 ~ 8wt% as carbon source, its carbon covering amount is about 5%, or; in protective gas, add the alcohol vapour (concentration is 0.125g/L) of 5 ~ 8wt% in sintering process as carbon source, its carbon covering amount is still about 5%.
Described protective gas is one or more mixing in nitrogen, argon gas, carbon dioxide, helium.
By Fe (III) salt, first preparation method of the present invention promotes that the hydrolysis in organosilicon source obtains homogeneous sol, improve the activity in silicon source; The pH value simultaneously raising solution by adding organic base makes collosol and gel, avoids the segregation of each component.In water-heat process, organic base has stronger chemism, easy and nitrate anion, carboxylate radical and Fe 3+ionic reaction, forms crosslinked organic backbone, simultaneously by Fe 3+be reduced to Fe 2+.In sintering process, organic backbone is decomposed to form the ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material of porous, and the coated material that inhibit the growth of ferric metasilicate lithium particle to make finally to obtain of carbon has less particle size and larger specific area.So the ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material circulation of preparation and high rate performance are better, compared with existing lithium iron silicate material cannot, there is following characteristics:
(1) material specific capacity is high, and specific area is large;
(2) product purity is high, free from admixture;
(3) use Fe (III) salt, do not need to consider to carry out atmosphere protection to presoma, reduce production cost;
(4) uniform pore diameter of material, organic formwork is formed in water-heat process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared into Li 2feSiO 4the XRD diffraction pattern of/C composite.
Fig. 2 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared into Li 2feSiO 4the TEM figure of/C composite.
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared into Li 2feSiO 4the infrared spectrogram of/C composite and presoma.
Fig. 4 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared into Li 2feSiO 4the charging and discharging curve (0.1C) of/C composite.
Fig. 5 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared into Li 2feSiO 450 circulation volume curves (0.5C) of/C composite.
Fig. 6 embodiment of the present invention 1,2,3,4 is prepared into Li 2feSiO 4the cycle performance curve of/C composite under different multiplying condition.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The lithium hydroxide getting 0.02mol is dissolved in 20mL water, adding acetic acid adjust ph is 7,0.01mol ferric nitrate and 0.01mol tetraethoxysilane are dissolved in 20mL ethanol, dropwise add in lithium salt solution, Keep agitation forms colloidal sol in 1 hour, add 2.5mL ethylenediamine, Keep agitation forms gel, continues stirring and forms yellow homogeneous gel in 30 minutes.Be transferred in 100mL water heating kettle, at 180 DEG C, be incubated 24 hours naturally cool, yellow gel becomes bottle green.Gel is pulverized grinding stirring volatilization excess of solvent at 80 DEG C and obtain xerogel.Grinding xerogel obtains precursor powder, precursor powder is placed in tube furnace, passes into Ar gas as protective gas, adds (0.125gL in Ar gas simultaneously -1) alcohol vapour to carry out in-situ carbon as carbon source coated, sintering temperature is 600 DEG C, and sintering time is 10h, naturally cools to room temperature, and grinding is sieved and obtained ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material.
Prepared sample is analyzed through X-ray diffraction analysis instrument (XRD, X ' Pert MPD), and sweep limits is 10 ~ 85 °, leg speed be 0.02 °/min, XRD diffraction pattern as shown in Figure 1.The particle microcosmic of prepared sample is analyzed by transmission electron microscope (JEOL2100F), as shown in Figure 2.Gel before hydro-thermal, the gel before and after hydro-thermal and the ferric metasilicate lithium sample finally obtained all have carried out infrared spectrum analysis (Nicolet Avatar 6700), as shown in Figure 3.
By the positive electrode that obtains and acetylene black and Kynoar Homogeneous phase mixing in agate mortar, add 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE and fully grind formation slurry as dispersant, wherein positive electrode: acetylene black: the ratio of Kynoar is 80:10:10.Slurry after grinding is evenly coated on aluminium foil, in 105 DEG C of vacuumizes 10 hours, strikes out the circular positive plate of diameter 1cm, and continue dry being transferred to for 10 hours and be full of in the glove box of argon gas, take metal lithium sheet as negative pole, Celgard 2400 is barrier film, 1molL -1(EC+DEC) (1:1) is assembled into simulated battery for electrolyte, and constant current charge-discharge test is at the electric battery test system (CT2001A of indigo plant; Wuhan Jin Nuo Electronics Co., Ltd.) on carry out.Charging and discharging curve and cycle performance curve are shown in Fig. 4, and constant current charge-discharge high rate performance curve is shown in Fig. 5, and the discharge capacity of material under 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C and 5C multiplying power is 195.5mAhg -1, 188.4mAhg -1, 179.9mAhg -1, 170.5mAhg -1and 127.1mAhg -1.Material under 0.5C multiplying power first discharge capacity be 171.1mAhg -1, after 50 circulations, discharge capacity is 164.6mAhg -1.Capability retention is 96%.
Embodiment 2:
The lithium hydroxide getting 0.02mol is dissolved in 20mL water, adding acetic acid adjust ph is 7,0.01mol ferric nitrate and 0.01mol tetraethoxysilane are dissolved in 20mL ethanol, dropwise add in lithium salt solution, Keep agitation forms colloidal sol in 1 hour, adds 2.5mL ethylenediamine, and Keep agitation forms gel, continue stirring and form yellow homogeneous gel in 30 minutes, gel is ground at 80 DEG C stirring volatilization excess of solvent and obtain yellow xerogel.Grinding xerogel obtains precursor powder, precursor powder is placed in tube furnace, passes into Ar gas as protective gas, adds (0.125gL in Ar gas simultaneously -1) alcohol vapour to carry out in-situ carbon as carbon source coated, sintering temperature is 600 DEG C, and sintering time is 10h, naturally cools to room temperature, and grinding is sieved and obtained ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material.The discharge capacity of material under 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C and 5C multiplying power is 161.6mAhg -1, 152.1mAhg -1, 135.6mAhg -1, 120.2mAhg -1and 74.2mAhg -1.Compared to embodiment 1, can find out that the sample through hydro-thermal reaction has better chemical property, this is because a part of organic substance becomes crosslinked network structure in water-heat process, Fe simultaneously 3+fe can be reduced into 2+.
Embodiment 3:
The lithium hydroxide getting 0.02mol is dissolved in 20mL water, adding citric acid adjust ph is 7,0.01mol ferric nitrate and 0.01mol tetraethoxysilane are dissolved in 20mL ethanol, dropwise add in lithium salt solution, Keep agitation forms colloidal sol in 1 hour, add 2.5mL ethylenediamine, Keep agitation forms gel, continues stirring and forms yellow homogeneous gel in 30 minutes.Be transferred in 100mL water heating kettle, at 180 DEG C, be incubated 24 hours naturally cool, yellow gel becomes dark brown.Gel is pulverized grinding stirring volatilization excess of solvent at 80 DEG C and obtain xerogel.Grinding xerogel obtains precursor powder, and precursor powder is placed in tube furnace, passes into Ar gas as protective gas, sintering temperature is 600 DEG C, and sintering time is 10h, naturally cools to room temperature, and grinding is sieved and obtained ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material.The discharge capacity of material under 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C and 5C multiplying power is 164.9mAhg -1, 155.2mAhg -1, 146.1mAhg -1, 135.4mAhg -1and 95.7mAhg -1.
Embodiment 4:
The lithium hydroxide getting 0.02mol is dissolved in 20mL water, and adding acetic acid adjust ph is 7, adds 0.2g sucrose (addition of about 5%wt) simultaneously.0.01mol ferric nitrate and 0.01mol tetraethoxysilane are dissolved in 20mL ethanol, dropwise add in lithium salt solution, Keep agitation forms colloidal sol in 1 hour, adds 2.5mL ethylenediamine, and Keep agitation forms gel, continues stirring and forms yellow homogeneous gel in 30 minutes.Be transferred in 100mL water heating kettle, at 180 DEG C, be incubated 24 hours naturally cool, yellow gel becomes black.Gel is pulverized grinding stirring volatilization excess of solvent at 80 DEG C and obtain xerogel.Grinding xerogel obtains precursor powder, and precursor powder is placed in tube furnace, passes into Ar gas as protective gas, sintering temperature is 600 DEG C, and sintering time is 10h, naturally cools to room temperature, and grinding is sieved and obtained ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material.The discharge capacity of material under 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C and 5C multiplying power is 139.3mAhg -1, 127.5mAhg -1, 114.8mAhg -1, 101.8mAhg -1and 48.1mAhg -1.
To sum up embodiment result shows, use hydro thermal method assisting sol gel method and have best chemical property by sample prepared by in-situ carbon sedimentation, XRD analysis can see that material belongs to P2 1space group, does not have impurity, and carbon coating layer is amorphous state.As can be seen from infrared spectrum, in gel after hydro-thermal, the absworption peak of nitrate anion significantly weakens, generate obvious C=C double bond and the absworption peak of amido link simultaneously, illustrate that organic molecule associates into organic network, C=C double bond and (SiO can be seen from the sample finally obtained 4) 4-vibration peak, respectively from carbon coating layer and Li 2feSiO 4.Can find out that this material is by the Li of diameter at 20-30nm from TEM 2feSiO 4particle forms, and the specific area of testing of materials is 50.2m 2g -1, accumulation pore volume is 0.106cm 3g -1.Larger specific area and little crystallite dimension are conducive to the chemical property improving material.

Claims (6)

1. a preparation method for high magnification ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material, comprises the following steps:
Lithium salts is dissolved in deionized water by step 1., and adjust ph is to neutral, Fe (III) salt and silicon source are dissolved in ethanol or acetone, dropwise add lithium salt solution to and form colloidal sol, wherein mol ratio Li:Fe:Si=2:1:1, add organic base again to pH>7, form gel;
Gel is put into water heating kettle and is obtained wet gel through hydro-thermal reaction by step 2., and hydrothermal temperature is 150-200 DEG C, the time is 10-48h, and evaporating solvent obtains precursor powder;
Precursor powder sinters by step 3. under protective gas atmosphere, cool, sieve after obtain ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material;
In above-mentioned preparation process, coated for realizing carbon, the carbon source addition manner adopted is: in lithium salt solution, add carbon source, and its carbon covering amount is 3-6%; Or add organic steam in sintering process, as carbon source, realize in-stiu coating, its carbon covering amount is 3-6%.
2., by the preparation method of high magnification ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the sintering temperature of described sintering is 550-800 DEG C, and the time is 5-24 hour, and programming rate is 2-10 DEG C/min.
3., by the preparation method of high magnification ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described lithium salts is lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium oxalate or lithium citrate; Described Fe (III) salt is ferric nitrate, ironic citrate or iron sucrose; Described silicon source is tetraethoxysilane, methyl silicate or silicate hydrate.
4., by the preparation method of high magnification ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described organic base is one or more mixtures of ethylenediamine, diethylamine, triethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, aniline.
5., by the preparation method of high magnification ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the coated process of described carbon, the carbon source of adding in lithium salt solution is citric acid, glucose, sucrose, starch; The organic steam added in sintering process is benzene, toluene, ethanol, acetone steam.
6. by the preparation method of high magnification ferric metasilicate lithium positive electrode material described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described protective gas is one or more mixing in nitrogen, argon gas, carbon dioxide, helium.
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CN106252588A (en) * 2016-09-14 2016-12-21 湘潭大学 The spherical Li of lithium ion battery that a kind of size is controlled2feSiO4the preparation method of/C positive electrode material
CN106549156A (en) * 2016-11-02 2017-03-29 陕西科技大学 A kind of bobbles shape SnS2The preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material
CN107768641A (en) * 2017-10-19 2018-03-06 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 A kind of iron phosphate compound anode material of lithium and preparation method thereof
CN108963284A (en) * 2018-07-25 2018-12-07 南京大学 A kind of preparation method of high activity platinum nickel C catalyst
CN109231224A (en) * 2018-08-29 2019-01-18 郑忆依 A kind of preparation method of ferric metasilicate lithium
CN110993923A (en) * 2019-12-26 2020-04-10 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 Carbon-coated auxiliary sodium-titanium double-doped lithium iron silicate positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof
CN112259716A (en) * 2020-10-14 2021-01-22 安徽益佳通电池有限公司 High-specific-capacity carbon-coated lithium iron silicate material and preparation method thereof
CN113998705A (en) * 2021-11-03 2022-02-01 蚌埠学院 Ba3Nb6Si4O26Preparation method and application of lithium ion battery cathode material

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106252588A (en) * 2016-09-14 2016-12-21 湘潭大学 The spherical Li of lithium ion battery that a kind of size is controlled2feSiO4the preparation method of/C positive electrode material
CN106549156A (en) * 2016-11-02 2017-03-29 陕西科技大学 A kind of bobbles shape SnS2The preparation method of lithium ion battery negative material
CN106549156B (en) * 2016-11-02 2020-01-07 陕西科技大学 Pompon-shaped SnS2Preparation method of lithium ion battery cathode material
CN107768641A (en) * 2017-10-19 2018-03-06 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 A kind of iron phosphate compound anode material of lithium and preparation method thereof
CN108963284A (en) * 2018-07-25 2018-12-07 南京大学 A kind of preparation method of high activity platinum nickel C catalyst
CN109231224A (en) * 2018-08-29 2019-01-18 郑忆依 A kind of preparation method of ferric metasilicate lithium
CN110993923A (en) * 2019-12-26 2020-04-10 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 Carbon-coated auxiliary sodium-titanium double-doped lithium iron silicate positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof
CN112259716A (en) * 2020-10-14 2021-01-22 安徽益佳通电池有限公司 High-specific-capacity carbon-coated lithium iron silicate material and preparation method thereof
CN113998705A (en) * 2021-11-03 2022-02-01 蚌埠学院 Ba3Nb6Si4O26Preparation method and application of lithium ion battery cathode material

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