CN104656137B - Elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method - Google Patents
Elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method.Methods described includes：Nearly, remote angle elastic wave impedance intersection, finds the Gas water identification Trendline of intersection, returns to obtain Gas water identification calcium Y0=a × X0+ b, Y0、X0Respectively remote, near angle elastic wave impedance；Oil gas function Z=Y (a × X+b) is built according to Gas water identification calcium, Z is poor for weighting elastic wave impedance, and Y, X are respectively remote, near angle elastic wave impedance；The quantitative relationship of the average value of oil-gas possibility and Reservoir Section weighting elastic wave impedance difference is set up according to well log interpretation, test data.The method of the present invention not only can qualitative discrimination properties of fluid in bearing stratum, and can will weight the size of average value of elastic wave impedance difference and be used as the good low indication index of oily probability.
Description
Technical field
It is that one kind can utilize near, remote 2 incidence the present invention relates to the reservoir prediction field in geophysical exploration technology
Angle elastic impedance carries out linear combination generation weighting elastic wave impedance difference data body, the earthquake oil gas inspection of discrimination of reservoir fluid properties
Survey technology.
Background technology
Prestack elastic wave impedance (EI) inverting is the partial stack data volume and compressional wave, shear wave, close using different incidence angles
The well-log informations such as degree, are finally inversed by respective angles elastic wave impedance data volume, and using its differentiate formation lithology, oil-gas possibility it is folded
Preceding inversion technique.At present, carrying out oil and gas detection using elastic impedance inversion has two methods：1. big incidence angle bullet is directly used
Property wave impedance inversion data volume, sets up the relation of elastic wave impedance and oil-gas possibility；2. the elastic wave impedance of near, remote angle is carried out
Intersection, sets up intersection template and qualitatively judges reservoir gas-bearing property.1. method only used big incidence angle seismic data information, multi-solution
Strong precision is low, it is difficult to adapt to the oil and gas detection on complex lithology stratum.Although 2. adaptability and precision all increase method, but still
Reservoir oil-gas possibility can only be simply qualitatively judged, no quantization details can be for reference, it is difficult to carry out on this basis further deeply
Analysis.
At present to the analysis method of inversion result, mainly by way of elastic wave impedance cross plot, generally include as follows
Step：
Step one：Interval of interest different incidence angles elastic wave impedance (EI) curve is calculated by well-log information, usually root
Factually border seismic data Incident angle distribution scope selects nearly angle, two angles of remote angle；
Step 2：According to the target zone different incidence angles EI curves of calculating, cross plot is made, due to petrophysical parameter
Difference, the institute's integrated distribution region of gas-bearing formation, water layer and country rock on cross plot also can difference, irised out with this on cross plot
Oil-gas bearing area, pool and petrographic province, set up the cross plot template of elastic wave impedance fluid identification：
Step 3：Inverting is carried out to prestack partial stack data volume, the elastic impedance inverting number of near, remote incident angle is obtained
According to body；
Step 4：The cross plot template for the elastic wave impedance fluid identification set up using step 2, to elastic wave impedance
Inverting data volume is intersected, and obtains fluid properties qualitative recognition data volume, and its value is represent gas-bearing formation, water layer or country rock discrete
Variable.
Template is intersected by elastic wave impedance and carries out fluid identification, its result is qualitative results, can only be according to existing mould
Plate judges it for gas-bearing formation, water layer or country rock, without more reference informations.The actually relation of elastic wave impedance and stratum oil-gas possibility
It is sufficiently complex, show as a kind of probability event.Although in some interval samples of cross plot can directly be determined as gas-bearing formation or
Water layer, but it is probably largely that gas-bearing formation is also likely to be water layer or country rock in other interval samples equally to have.Utilize intersection
The qualitative recognition of template can not reflect this otherness, be unfavorable for practical application.If for example, certain section of reservoir is pre- in practical application
Survey be gas-bearing formation and it is real to bore result be water layer, where portion's well can be more favourable than the position, template can not provide reference.
The content of the invention
At least one of in above mentioned problem it is an object of the invention to solve prior art presence.
For example, be to provide one kind being capable of more conveniently and accurately discrimination of reservoir fluid properties for an object of the present invention
Elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method.
Another object of the present invention is to provide one kind can not only qualitative recognition properties of fluid in bearing stratum and also can to storage
Laminar flow volume property carries out the elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method of quantitatively evaluating.
The invention provides a kind of elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method.Methods described can be by following steps structure
Into：Nearly angle elastic wave impedance is intersected with remote angle elastic wave impedance, finds the air water of near, remote angle elastic wave impedance intersection
Trendline is recognized, and returns the equation for obtaining the Gas water identification Trendline：Y0=a × X0+ b, wherein, Y0For remote angle elastic wave
Impedance, X0For nearly angle elastic wave impedance；Oil gas function Z=Y- (a × X+ are built according to the Gas water identification calcium
B), wherein, Z for weighting elastic wave impedance it is poor, Y be remote angle elastic wave impedance, X be nearly angle elastic wave impedance；According to well logging
Explain, test data sets up oil-gas possibility and the quantitative relationship of the average value of Reservoir Section weighting elastic wave impedance difference.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, methods described may additionally include the structure oil on the basis of the above
After the step of gas function and it is described the step of set up quantitative relationship before, carry out elastic impedance inversion, calculate weighting elasticity
Difference of impedance data volume, extracts Reservoir Section weighting elastic wave impedance poor.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the number of degrees of the nearly angle can be 3~8 °, the remote angle
The number of degrees can be 23~28 °.Preferably, the difference of the nearly angle and the remote angle can be 18~22 °.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, methods described weights being averaged for elastic wave impedance difference by Reservoir Section
Value characterizes oil-gas possibility, and position corresponding to lower expression average value of average value of Reservoir Section weighting elastic wave impedance difference
Oil-gas possibility is better, the higher oily for representing position corresponding to the average value of average value of Reservoir Section weighting elastic wave impedance difference
Property is poorer.
Brief description of the drawings
By the description carried out below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, above and other purpose of the invention and feature will become more clear
Chu, wherein：
Fig. 1 shows showing for the elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method of one exemplary embodiment of the present invention
Meaning flow chart；
Fig. 2A and Fig. 2 B are shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention determines gas-bearing formation, water using Rock physical analysis
The analysis chart of porosity threshold needed for layer identification；
Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 E, which are shown, utilizes forward simulation gas-bearing formation, water layer not in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention
With the difference of elastic wave impedance intersection analysis in the case of incidence angle；
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B show complete using actual array Sonic Logging Data in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention
Into 5 ° of (shortcut) -25 ° (a long way) elastic wave impedances intersect schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 shows in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention near, elastic impedance inversion section and weighting bullet a long way
Property wave impedance difference profile；
Fig. 6 is shown in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention by elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method
The exemplary oil and gas prediction distribution map formed.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, the elastic wave impedance linear combination oil gas for describing the present invention in detail by exemplary embodiment is combined is examined
Survey method.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method is by following steps
Constitute：
(1) (the elastic wave resistance of referred to as near, remote angle is intersected with remote angle elastic wave impedance by nearly angle elastic wave impedance
Anti- intersection), the Trendline (that is, Gas water identification Trendline) that near, remote angle elastic wave impedance intersects oil and gas detection is found, it is returned
Corresponding equation：Y0=a × X0+ b, wherein Y0For remote angle elastic wave impedance, X0For nearly angle elastic wave impedance.
(2) oil gas function Z=Y- (a × X+b) is built according to returned air water calcium, wherein Z is constructed
Weight elastic wave impedance poor, Y is remote angle elastic wave impedance, X is nearly angle elastic wave impedance.
(3) amount of oil-gas possibility and reservoir average weighted elastic wave impedance poor (Z) is set up according to well log interpretation, test data
Change relation.
Here, X0、Y0It is nearly angle elastic wave impedance, the remote angle elasticity of the point in Gas water identification Trendline respectively
Wave impedance, X, Y are the nearly angle elastic wave impedance of arbitrfary point, remote angle elastic wave impedance, and these points may both become in gas identification
On gesture line, it is also possible to not in Gas water identification Trendline；A, b value in above-mentioned two equation is identical, Z=Y- (a × X+b)
In a, b value will be by returning air water calcium Y0=a × X0+ b is drawn.
In the method for the invention, nearly angle is to the less incidence angle of angle, and it may be simply referred to as shortcut；Former angle is to angle
Larger incidence angle, it may be simply referred to as a long way.
The elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method of the present invention, by being intersected near, remote angle elastic wave impedance
Gas water identification Trendline is found on analysis foundation, the function for oil and gas detection is built using be fitted Gas water identification Trendline,
Elastic wave impedance carries out linear combination to the function nearly, a long way, obtains (closely, a long way) weighting elastic wave impedance difference；Gained
The weighting elastic wave impedance difference arrived not only can qualitative discrimination properties of fluid in bearing stratum, and its value height or a kind of oil-containing spirit
The indication index of rate.Specifically, boundary of the weighting elastic wave impedance difference using null value as Gas water identification, it illustrates when being negative value
Its possible oily, negative it is bigger indicate its oily probability it is higher, its be on the occasion of when illustrate its may it is aqueous, on the occasion of
Absolute value it is bigger indicate its aqueous probability it is higher.
For example, weighting elastic wave impedance difference is in Z0~Z1For favorable oil/gas area, it obtains oil gas probability higher than 80% in interval, place
In Z1~Z2Interval be the advantageous area of oily its to obtain oil gas probability probability be 60~80%, in Z2~Z3Interval oily compared with
It obtains oil gas probability and (is free of 30% and 60%) for 30~60% in unfavorable area, in Z3~Z4For the unfavorable area of oily, it is obtained in interval
Oil gas probability≤30%, also can further turn it to obtain oil gas probability.
Illustrate an example of the elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method of the present invention below in conjunction with meeting
Property embodiment.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method can by with
Lower step is realized：
(1) by Rock physical analysis, the thing that the petrophysical parameter between oil bearing reservoir and water layer has differences is found
Property threshold value；
(2) elastic wave impedance intersection fluid identification forward modeling is carried out from the oil bearing reservoir more than threshold value, water layer,
Incidence angle needed for analysing elastic wave impedance oil and gas detection；
(3) the elastic wave impedance curve calculated using practical logging, elastic wave impedance hands over oil and gas detection closely, a long way for searching
Trendline, returns its equation, and oil and gas detection function is built according to equation；
(4) appropriate angular range is chosen according to elastic wave impedance angle and partial stack is carried out to prestack trace gather, obtain corresponding
The partial stack data volume of incident angle, the elastic wave impedance data of respective angles are finally inversed by using elastic wave impedance curve as constraint
Body；
(5) elastic impedance inversion data are substituted into constructed oil and gas detection function to obtain weighting elastic wave impedance difference data
Body, due to intersection analysis result, from log data, inversion result derives from geological data, there is System level gray correlation between the two.It is logical
Often, such System level gray correlation is within the acceptable range.Certainly, also can basis in order to reach better oil and gas detection effect
Section recognition effect is finely adjusted to the parameter of oil and gas detection function.For example, a, b value are adjusted by a small margin, for example, a, b
The excursion of value is each controlled within 10%, can be that a values are constant under normal circumstances, and b values are carried out within 10%
Adjustment.But it should be recognized that such adjustment is not essential, without generality.
(6) extraction step (1) determines the poor average value of the weighting elastic wave impedance of reservoir on physical property threshold value, draws weighting
Elastic wave impedance difference plan, itself and oil-gas possibility relation is set up according to well log interpretation conclusion and test result.
(7) interval of interest reservoir oil and gas prediction plan is drawn.
Describe the exemplary embodiment of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method.As shown in figure 1, the stream of the inventive method
Journey can be：The porosity cutoff needed for development oil and gas detection is determined first with Rock physical analysis, it is preferred by forward modeling
The optimized incidence of elastic wave impedance oil and gas detection；Then carry out near, elastic wave impedance intersection analysis a long way, be fitted oil and gas detection
The equation of Trendline, builds oil and gas detection function；Finally carry out elastic impedance inversion, calculate weighting elastic wave impedance difference data
Body, extracts the poor average value combination well log interpretation conclusion of reservoir weighting elastic wave impedance, test result predicting reservoir oily mild-natured
Face.Here elastic impedance inversion, be respectively to it is near, a long way elastic wave impedance carry out inverting, to respectively obtain near, bullet a long way
Property Wave Impedance Data Volume；Data volume is made up of one-to-one elastic impedance data；Inverting is comprised the concrete steps that first with survey
Well data build the elastic wave impedance model of low frequency, then extract comprehensive wavelet, bullet is gone out using partial stack seismic data inversion
Property wave impedance (elastic impedance inversion needs to utilize log data and seismic data)；It is one to weight elastic wave impedance difference data body
Individual single seismic data cube, is to utilize function Z=Y- (a × X+b) by nearly angle elastic wave impedance, remote angle elastic wave impedance
Obtained result is calculated, the result is used directly for fluid identification.
Fig. 2A and 2B is determines that gas-bearing formation, water layer recognize institute hair trap openings porosity Threshold Analysis figure using Rock physical analysis.Wherein,
Fig. 2A is the various rock physicses ginseng of the petrophysical parameter intersection completed using the reservoir of porosity >=2%, now gas-bearing formation, water layer
Number difference very little.Fig. 2 B are the petrophysical parameter intersection using the reservoir of porosity >=4%, now the various rocks of gas-bearing formation, water layer
Stone physical parameter difference is obvious.If this explanation is that threshold value identification reservoir oil-gas possibility effect is poor with porosity 2%, and with hole
Porosity 4% is that threshold value identification reservoir oil-gas possibility effect is preferable.It should be noted that the threshold value of porosity is according to rock
Matter is different and different, can be determined by normal experiment, that is to say, that " the knowledge of the threshold value of porosity >=4% mentioned here
Other reservoir oil-gas possibility effect is preferable " only adapt to survey region in this example.Porosity threshold value in the application is not
Necessary >=4%, simply oil and gas detection effect can be ideal in the case of porosity >=4%, for example, in Fig. 6 oil and gas detection
It is not that oil and gas detection has only been carried out to porosity threshold value >=4% yet, but have detected all Reservoir Sections also includes hole
Porosity<4% reservoir.
Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 E utilize the elastic wave impedance intersection analysis in the case of different incidence angles of forward simulation gas-bearing formation, water layer
Difference, wherein, black five-pointed star represents gas, and grey five-pointed star represents water.From Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 E as can be seen that 0 °-
10 °, 0 ° -15 °, in the intersection of 0 ° -20 ° elastic wave impedances, gas-bearing formation, water layer elastic wave impedance point are different not substantially, in 0 ° -25 ° bullets
Property wave impedance intersection upper gas-bearing formation, water layer elastic wave impedance point it is different substantially, in 0 ° -30 ° elastic wave impedances intersections upper gas-bearing formation, water layers
Elastic wave impedance point is different more preferably (to be considered in the actual incidence angle of seismic data, this example, preferentially from 5 ° -25 ° elastic wave resistances
Anti- intersection).
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B are the elastic wave resistances of 5 ° of (shortcut) -25 ° (a long way) completed using actual array Sonic Logging Data
Anti- cross plot.Fig. 4 A make use of the air water property of fine and close carbonatite in all sampling points of interval of interest, figure to be difficult to differentiate between, and Fig. 4 B are only sharp
With interval of interest particular bore porosity threshold value above sampling point, its gas and water property can be distinguished preferably, and Gas water identification Trendline is bright
It is aobvious.More than Trendline it is more than pelagic division, Trendline for gas-bearing formation area.
Fig. 5 is near, elastic impedance inversion section and weighting elastic wave impedance difference profile a long way.Fig. 5 upper area
It is 5 ° of elastic impedance inversion sections (that is, shortcut elastic impedance inversion section), Fig. 5 central region is 25 ° of elastic wave resistances
Anti-reflective drills section (that is, elastic impedance inversion section a long way), and Fig. 5 lower area is weighting elastic wave impedance difference profile.
5 °, 25 ° of elastic impedance inversion sections it is all insensitive to reservoir oil-gas possibility, and utilize constructed oil and gas detection function to ask for it
Weighting elastic wave impedance difference can preferably recognize gas-bearing formation.
Fig. 6 is elastic wave impedance LINEAR COMBINATION METHOD oil-gas possibility integrated forecasting plan.Reservoir average weighted elasticity wave resistance
Robust value is lower to illustrate that its oil-gas possibility is good, otherwise oil-gas possibility is poor.That is, weighting elastic wave impedance difference is black, Dark grey generation
Table oil-gas possibility is good, and grey represents oil-gas possibility preferably, and light color represents that oil-gas possibility is bad.The well log interpretation knot of comprehensive reality drilling well
By, test result, finally oily Favorable Areas quickly can be drawn a circle to approve out on the poor figure of weighting elastic wave impedance.
In summary, beneficial effects of the present invention include：Improve and differentiate oily using elastic impedance inversion technology
The method practicality of property, makes it not only can discrimination of reservoir oil-gas possibility, moreover it is possible to which the reliability to oil and gas detection result is made accordingly
Evaluate；Foundation and forecast analysis to prediction module are all quantified, and are improved prediction and analysis precision, are made precision of prediction phase
It should improve；Press close to produce reality demand, more close, newest well log interpretation achievement, test achievement and geology are combined with geology
Understanding can be applied to the delineation of oily Favorable Areas in time.
In addition, in the method for the present invention, can also be further to weighting elastic wave impedance difference and the relation of oily probability
Refinement, oily probability volume is generated using elastic wave impedance difference is weighted." further refinement " mentioned here is operated in this
Do not carry out in application, nor must carry out in oil and gas detection, it is needed according to research area's well-log information statistics by stages
Elastic wave impedance difference and the corresponding relation of gassiness probability are counted, then elastic wave impedance difference is set up and containing spirit with result according to statistics
The corresponding relation of rate.
Although combined accompanying drawing and exemplary embodiment describe the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art above
It will be apparent to the skilled artisan that in the case where not departing from spirit and scope by the claims, various modifications can be carried out to above-described embodiment.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method, it is characterised in that the described method comprises the following steps：
Nearly angle elastic wave impedance is intersected with remote angle elastic wave impedance, finds the gas of near, remote angle elastic wave impedance intersection
Water recognizes Trendline, and returns the equation for obtaining the Gas water identification Trendline：Y0=a × X0+ b, wherein, Y0To know in air water
The remote angle elastic wave impedance of point in other Trendline, X0For the elastic wave resistance of nearly angle of the point in Gas water identification Trendline
It is anti-；
Oil gas function Z=Y- (a × X+b) is built according to the Gas water identification calcium, wherein, Z is the elastic wave resistance of weighting
Robust, Y is the remote angle elastic wave impedance of arbitrfary point, and X is the nearly angle elastic wave impedance of arbitrfary point；
The quantization that the average value of oil-gas possibility and Reservoir Section weighting elastic wave impedance difference is set up according to well log interpretation, test data is closed
System.
2. elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the nearly angle
The number of degrees be 3~8 °, the number of degrees of the remote angle are 23~28 °.
3. elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the nearly angle
Difference with the remote angle is 18~22 °.
4. elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described is also
After the step of being included in the structure oil gas function and it is described the step of set up quantitative relationship before, carry out elastic wave impedance anti-
Drill, calculate weighting elastic wave impedance difference data body, extract Reservoir Section weighting elastic wave impedance poor.
5. elastic wave impedance linear combination gas-oil detecting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described is led to
The average value for crossing Reservoir Section weighting elastic wave impedance difference characterizes oil-gas possibility, and Reservoir Section weights being averaged for elastic wave impedance difference
Value is lower, and the oil-gas possibility for representing position corresponding to the average value is better, and the average value of Reservoir Section weighting elastic wave impedance difference is higher
Represent that the oil-gas possibility of position corresponding to the average value is poorer.
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| US7525874B2 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2009-04-28 | Prism Seismic Inc. | Method for converting seismic data from the time domain to the depth domain |
| CN102540255B (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2014-05-21 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Method for predicting extended elastic impedance inversion fluidity-containing probability |
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