CN104655018B - A kind of spline housing face size detecting system and method - Google Patents
A kind of spline housing face size detecting system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104655018B CN104655018B CN201510113797.0A CN201510113797A CN104655018B CN 104655018 B CN104655018 B CN 104655018B CN 201510113797 A CN201510113797 A CN 201510113797A CN 104655018 B CN104655018 B CN 104655018B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of detecting system and method for the face size of spline housing.The parts such as main specific inspection software, the workbench of detecting system, the support write by CMOS cameras, computer, for this system of the system are constituted, and part image distorts caused by employing camera calibration correction of typist's errors optical system, and image measurement technology realizes the detection to accessory size, testing result can quantify, store and build library management.The system can realize the high precision test of spline housing face size, substantially increase piece test speed simultaneously, system operatio is simple, workbench small volume, cost is low, the manufacturer for being particularly suitable for spline housing equips in detection process and used, and can also be used as the detecting instrument of the relevant industries such as meter quality testing department, Mapping departments.
Description
Technical field
Image measurement is based on the present invention relates to a kind of detecting system and method for spline housing face size, more particularly to one kind
The spline housing face size detecting system and method for technology.
Background technology
Spline coupling mechanism is a part in truck drive shaft, and spline housing is vital part therein, according to transmission
It is required that difference have the different sizes such as 32 teeth, 28 teeth, 26 teeth.Spline housing part is after machining, the flower with corresponding model
Key axle is assembled together, and plays a part of transmitting power.In order to obtain preferably transmission power and extend making for truck drive shaft
With the life-span, factory must produce the higher spline housing part of precision, and this also proposes higher to the size detection of spline housing part
Requirement.
Spline housing part with splined shaft when assembling, the inscribed circle diameter of part end face spline, circumscribed circular diameter and spline
Can the facewidth coordinate errorless play a key effect for part.In the process of spline housing, become because broaching tool is heated
Shape influences cutting output, and the spline housing manufacture that the reason such as machining accuracy limitation and operating personnel's fatigue and carelessness can all be caused to miss
Difference becomes big.In order to the part that ensures to dispatch from the factory qualification rate, it is necessary to be detected to the every dimensional parameters of spline housing end face, it is ensured that part
Ex factory pass rate.
The mode of traditional detection spline housing is that detection is sampled to part using three-coordinates measuring machine, is connect by probe
The mode for touching piece surface sampling site first obtains piece surface shape information, then piece surface size is resolved by software, so that complete
Into detection.The method is time-consuming longer, can only be sampled detection, and part volume all can not be detected.In addition, the detection side
Formula all has higher requirements to the working experience and working condition of operating personnel, and measuring instrument cost is very high, whole detection efficiency
It is relatively low.
The content of the invention
It is contemplated that solving spline housing end face chi using the emerging non-contact detecting technological means based on image measurement
Very little test problems, simple, reliable detection instrument and solution are provided for relevant industries.
The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of spline housing face size detecting system, including CMOS cameras 1, camera fixture 2, camera tighten knob 3, phase
Machine connecting rod 4, connecting rod tighten knob 5, connecting rod fixture 6, support arm 7, spline housing 8, light source fixed seat 9, support base 10,
Table base 11, the computer for being provided with inspection software;
CMOS cameras 1 are fixed in camera connecting rod 4 by camera fixture 2, and the other end of camera connecting rod 4 is consolidated by connecting rod
Determine part 6 knob 5 tightened by connecting rod to be tightened to the upper end of support arm 7, detection part spline set 8, which is placed on, is fixed on support
In light source fixed seat 9 on seat 10, support arm 7 and support base 10 are directly connected on table base 11;CMOS cameras 1 with
The computer connection of inspection software is installed.
Also include camera fixture fixed plate 15, camera fixture axle 16, connecting rod locking hole 17, pitman shaft 18, company
Extension bar fixing hole 19, connecting rod fastener apertures 20, support arm upper end fixed groove 21, connecting rod fixture locking hole 22;
Connecting rod fixture 6 is fixed on the groove of the upper end of support arm 7 by screw at connecting rod fixture locking hole 22
At 21, camera connecting rod 4 is arranged on extension bar fixture 6, and the pitman shaft 18 of camera connecting rod 4 stretches into extension bar fixture 6
In connecting rod fastener apertures 20, tighten connecting rod to suitable position and tighten knob 5, complete the installation of camera connecting rod 4;Camera
Fixture axle 16 is stretched into the connecting rod fixing hole 19 of camera connecting rod 4 to after correct position, and camera is tightened into knob 3 and is screwed into connection
The internal locking of lever lock tieholen 17, CMOS cameras 1 are arranged in camera fixture fixed plate 15, by screw in camera fixing threaded hole 14
Tighten at place.
Also include light source fixed seat boss 23, support base boss 24, support base fixed screw 25, support base fixing hole 26,
Support base fixing groove 27, support arm fixing groove 28;
Support base 10 is arranged in the support base fixing groove 27 of table base 11, is fixed on by four lock screws 25
In support base fixing hole 26, light source fixed seat 9 is arranged on the upper end boss 24 of support base 10, the upper end boss of light source fixed seat 9
23 play the role of retaining element position, and spline housing 8 is arranged on above light source fixed seat boss 23, and support arm 7 is fixed on support arm
In fixing groove 28.
The CMOS cameras 1 include camera lens 12, data cable plug 13, camera fixing threaded hole 14;Camera lens 12 lead to
Cross and be threadedly secured on camera body, data cable plug 13 is connected by data wire with computer, to transmit data and provide work
Make power supply, camera fixing threaded hole 14 is used to camera body being fixed on camera fixture fixed plate 15.
In image acquisition process by the way of dorsad illuminating, that is, it is tested spline housing 8 and is placed in CMOS cameras 1 and light source 29
Centre, this lighting system can protrude the contour shape of measured object, dramatically shield background illumination interference and by
Survey the interference of the uncorrelated attributes such as the textural characteristics on thing surface.
Described inspection software includes three subprograms, is distortion correction program, system calibrating program and system inspection respectively
Ranging sequence.
A kind of spline housing face size detection method based on said system, including three processes, i.e.,:Distortion correction, it is
System demarcation and system detectio;
Distortion correction:Using camera calibration plate, camera calibration plate is placed near part end face position, and is constantly changed
The angle of inclination of camera calibration plate, shoots the distortion correction system in 25 pictures, inspection software and can analyze and detect phase altogether
Machine distortion distribution situation, resolving obtains distortion correction parameter, and parameter can be applied during piece test automatically;
System calibrating:After the completion of distortion correction, if being using this using then needing to carry out initialization calibration for the first time
System one standard component for having been crossed with the detection tool detection of higher extra fine grade of detection, obtains the inscribed circle diameter, outside of standard component
The facewidth of tangential circle diameter and all spline tooths, system draws pixel in the pixel equivalent of detection, i.e. image as criterion calculation
The ratio value of value and actual size;Lighting source is opened, standard component is placed on light source fixing part, starts calibration process;For
The pixel equivalent at each position of image is obtained, standard component need to continuously be demarcated 10 times, every time standard component is rotated after the completion of demarcation
36 °, demarcation is completed;
System detectio:Lighting source open mode is kept, the detection program of opening control clicks on connection camera key,
Detection camera communication is normal to start detection,;Standard value editing area at detection interface is manually entered a collection of part to be detected
The dimensional tolerance upper limit and dimensional tolerance lower limit value, and input the dimensional parameters of the standard component used in calibration process, complete
After lock editing area;Part to be measured is placed on light source fixing part, detection key is clicked on, waits and completes within 30 seconds detection process, behaviour
Making interface can show whether the every size of part exceeds tolerance range, and whether comprehensive descision part is qualified, and calibration detection is tied
Fruit is stored in Excel file;
Part to be measured is changed, is detected next time.
The following is being expanded on further that above-mentioned technical proposal and design principle for the present invention are made:
Part I is image capturing system part, by CMOS cameras, optical lens part, connectivity kit and lighting source
Composition;
Part II is detection workbench portion, by base, support arm, connecting rod, tightens the external members such as knob and constitutes;
Part III is software processing part, by the specific inspection software write for this system, usb hub and is carried
Computer (computer) composition of USB interface, software runtime environment is Windows XP systems and more highest version.
The effect of Part I described in the invention is to provide lighting environment for system, it is ensured that tested end face is high-visible,
The image information of tested part end face spline is gathered, and digital picture is transferred to computer end by USB data line.Using light source
The lighting system irradiated from part back to one end of camera, can protrude the contrast of part and background, weaken piece surface line
Information is managed, and prominent system needs the contour shape of the part of detection, reduces influence of the ambient light to IMAQ, obtains clear
The clear image for being conducive to detection.
The effect of Part II described in the invention is positioning, support and the effect of regulation CMOS camera shooting angles.Its
There is provided enough rigidity, support tested part, the positional precision for ensureing light source direction of illumination, ensureing camera for all steel constructions
With the attitude accuracy of camera when shooting, it is ensured that the smoothly and accurately progress of detection work.Its length, width and height is controlled in 0.8 meter,
Small volume, can be placed on Working table, easy to assembly.
The main function of Part III of the present invention is to receive part end face image, correction and processing image, resolve simultaneously
Storage detection data.Camera is connected to computer after collecting part end face image by USB data line.The USB2.0 of high speed ensures
The image that camera is shot can be shown on the computer screen in real time.Using image measurement technology to the image of collection according to for this
The algorithm that system is write progressively analyzes calculating, is finally integrated together result of calculation by computer, and by each value of detection
Inspector is fed back to by display with the result of judgement.Inspector is according to the qualified feelings of this batch of part of interpretation of result of output
The detection parameter of product is finally stored in computer with excel files and product is sent into next process by condition, software, is filtered out
Underproof product, it is ensured that the qualification rate for the product that dispatches from the factory.
It is of the invention mainly to complete to examine instead of three-coordinates measuring machine with the cooperation of corresponding software by image measurement technology
Test amount works, wherein being also applied to pattern distortion correcting technology, improves accuracy of detection.Above-mentioned first, second, third part
Combination enable spline housing face size detect work convenient and efficient carry out exactly.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the detection Working table structure schematic diagram of the system.
Fig. 2 is the detection Working table structure isometric of the system.
Fig. 3 is CMOS camera structure schematic diagrames.
Fig. 4 is camera support structure scheme of installation.
Fig. 5 is table base part scheme of installation.
Fig. 6 is camera calibration plate pattern diagram.
Fig. 7 is lighting system schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is pixel equivalent calibration principle figure.
Fig. 9 is subregion pixel equivalent standardization principle schematic.
In figure, each modular construction is that CMOS cameras 1, camera fixture 2, camera tighten knob 3, camera connecting rod 4, connection
Bar tighten knob 5, connecting rod fixture 6, support arm 7, spline housing 8, light source fixed seat 9, support base 10, table base 11,
Camera lens 12, data cable plug 13, camera fixing threaded hole 14, camera fixture fixed plate 15, camera fixture axle 16, connection
Lever lock tieholen 17, pitman shaft 18, connecting rod fixing hole 19, connecting rod fastener apertures 20, support arm upper end fixed groove 21, company
Extension bar fixture locking hole 22, light source fixed seat boss 23, support base boss 24, support base fixed screw 25, support base are fixed
Hole 26, support base fixing groove 27, support arm fixing groove 28, camera light source 29.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and implement example the present invention will be further described explanation, but the description be only used for explain
The present invention, and be not construed as limiting the claims.
First, the assembling of workbench is detected
Fig. 1 is the structural representation after the completion of workbench assembling.Wherein, CMOS cameras 1 are fixed on phase by camera fixture 2
In machine connecting rod 4.The other end of camera connecting rod 4 tightens knob 5 by connecting rod by connecting rod fixture 6 and is tightened to support
The upper end of arm 7.Detection part spline set 8 is placed in the light source fixed seat 9 being fixed on support base 10, support arm 7 and support base
10 are directly connected on table base 11, and CMOS cameras 1 are connected with being provided with the computer of inspection software.
Fig. 2 is the detection Working table structure normal axomometric drawing of the system, for ease of being illustrated to system architecture in drafting, figure
Various pieces title and connected mode are identical with Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is CMOS camera structure schematic diagrames, and wherein camera lens 12 are threadedly secured on camera body, data wire
Plug 13 is used for connecting data wire, can transmit data and provide working power, camera fixing threaded hole 14 is used for fixed camera fuselage.
Fig. 5 is table base part scheme of installation, and specific assembling process is that support base 10 is arranged on into work first
In the support base fixing groove 27 of platform base 11, tighten four support bases and fix lock screw 25, part type is surveyed in then selection
Number corresponding light source fixed seat 9, different model part designs the light source fixing part 9 of different model in advance, and light source fixed seat 9 is pacified
On the upper end support base boss 24 of support base 10, play fixed light source and ensure that part is made within sweep of the eye in camera calibration
With.The upper end light source fixed seat boss 23 of light source fixing part 9 plays the role of retaining element position, then part 8 can just be installed
On light source fixed seat boss 23, the support arm 7 in finally installing installation diagram 1 in the position of support arm fixing groove 28.
Then camera support structure is installed, Fig. 4 is camera support structure scheme of installation.Specific assembling process is, first
Connecting rod fixture 6 is fixed on to the support arm upper end of the upper end of support arm 7 by screw at connecting rod fixture locking hole 22
At fixed groove 21.Then camera connecting rod 4 is arranged on extension bar fixture 6, the left end extension of camera connecting rod 4 connects
Extension bar axle 18 is stretched into the connecting rod fastener apertures 20 of extension bar fixture 6, is tightened connecting rod to suitable position and is tightened knob 5,
Complete the installation of camera connecting rod 4.Then camera fixture 2 is installed, camera fixture axle 16 stretches into the connecting rod of camera connecting rod 4
To after correct position in fixing hole 19, camera is tightened into knob 3 and is screwed into the internal locking of connecting rod locking hole 17.Finally by CMOS cameras
1 is arranged on camera fixture 2, and screw is tightened at camera fixing threaded hole 14.
, it is necessary to be adjusted to the position and posture of camera after installation.Release camera tightens knob 3 and connecting rod is twisted
Tight knob 5, the left end extension pitman shaft 18 of adjustment camera connecting rod 4 and the depth for stretching into hole of camera fixture axle 16
To adjust the position of camera to camera lens directly over part to be measured, while rotating camera connecting rod 4 and camera fixture 2
Camera angle of pitch posture is adjusted, to camera perpendicular to the upper surface of part to be measured.Last camera of tightening again is tightened knob 3 and connected
Extension bar tightens knob 5.Whole detection workbench assembling is completed.
2nd, software flow
The specific inspection software that this system is write is opened for, software is altogether distortion correction respectively comprising three subprograms
Program, system calibrating program and system detectio program.Communication test is carried out with camera after opening software, work is entered after inerrancy
Pattern;
Assemble after detecting system, it is necessary to carry out camera distortion correcting process, i.e., the distortion provided using the system software
Correction program, distortion correction needs to use camera calibration plate as shown in Figure 6, and it is attached that camera calibration plate is placed on into part end face position
Closely, and constantly change the angle of inclination of camera calibration plate, 25 pictures are shot altogether.Distortion correction system can be analyzed and detect phase
Machine distortion distribution situation, resolving obtains distortion correction parameter, and parameter can be applied during piece test automatically.
After the completion of distortion correction, if being examined for the first time using then needing to carry out initialization calibration using the system software
A standard component crossed with the detection tool detection of higher extra fine grade is surveyed, inscribed circle diameter, the circumcircle of standard room is obtained
The facewidth of diameter and all spline tooths, software can draw the pixel equivalent of detection, i.e. pixel value in image as criterion calculation
With the ratio value of actual size.Lighting source is opened, standard component is placed on light source fixing part, starts calibration process.For
To the pixel equivalent at each position of image, standard component need to continuously be demarcated 10 times, every time rotated standard component after the completion of demarcation big
About 36 °, demarcation is completed.
Lighting source open mode is kept, the detection program of system software is opened, connection camera key is clicked on, detection camera leads to
Letter can normally start detection.Standard value editing area at detection interface is manually entered the dimensional tolerance of a collection of part to be detected
The value of the upper limit and dimensional tolerance lower limit, and input the dimensional parameters of the standard component used in calibration process, after the completion of lock editor
Area.Part to be measured is placed on light source fixing part, detection key is clicked on, waits complete detection process, operation interface within about 30 seconds
It can show whether the every size of part exceeds tolerance range, whether comprehensive descision part is qualified, and calibration testing result is preserved
In Excel file.
Part to be measured is changed, is detected next time.
3rd, the system lighting system and calibration principle
Lighting system:
The system uses dorsad lighting system, as shown in fig. 7, will be tested spline housing 8 is placed in CMOS cameras 1 and light
The centre in source 29, lighting system can protrude the contour shape of measured object in this, dramatically shield the interference of background illumination
The interference of uncorrelated attribute with the textural characteristics on measured object surface etc..
Calibration principle:
Pixel equivalent calibration principle.Fig. 8 is pixel equivalent calibration principle figure, and L is standard component actual size, and l is standard component
Shared pixel value in the picture, the ratios of two amounts are exactly pixel equivalent S.
Subregion standardization principle.Because camera optical axis and tested surface are unable to reach absolute upright, bad student's perspective error is understood,
The reaction of this error is exactly the diverse location in picture in testing result, and pixel equivalent S (i) is different, S (i) value and
Gradient is related to the position in its residing picture, as shown in figure 9, the pixel equivalent at S and S ' places is incomplete same.
Common pixel equivalent scaling method will not distinguish the pixel equivalent of diverse location, so as to introduce error.Here
A kind of method of new subregion calibration for cameras is proposed in the calibration process of detection.Detect picture by the position point according to tooth
It is cut into and is independently demarcated with number of teeth identical region, each region, if also number is that is the spline of detection tooth, will obtain 32
The different pixels equivalent in region:S(i);{ i=1,2 ... ..., 32 }.The facewidth L (i) of i.e. 32 teeth is:
L (i)=l (i) * S (i);{ i=1,2 ... ..., 32 }
Find that the present invention has reached required precision to the testing result of spline housing part end face size detection by testing, it is interior
Connect circle directly and circumscribed circular diameter accuracy of detection has reached ± 0.02mm, spline facewidth accuracy of detection reaches ± 0.04mm.
Specific implementation example described herein is only to spirit explanation for example of the invention.Technology belonging to of the invention
The technical staff in field can make various modifications or supplement to described specific implementation example or use similar side
Formula is substituted, but without departing from the spiritual of the present invention or surmounts scope defined in appended claims.
Although more used herein CMOS cameras 1, camera fixture 2, camera tighten knob 3, camera connecting rod 4,
Connecting rod fixture 5, connecting rod tighten knob 6, support arm 7, spline housing 8, light source fixed seat 9, support base 10, table base
11st, the term such as light source 29, but it is not precluded from the possibility using other terms.Using these terms just for the sake of more easily
Describe and explain the essence of the present invention;Being construed as any additional limitation is disagreed with spirit of the present invention
's.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of spline housing face size detecting system, it is characterised in that:Including CMOS cameras (1), camera fixture (2), phase
Machine tightens knob (3), camera connecting rod (4), connecting rod and tightens knob (5), connecting rod fixture (6), support arm (7), spline
Cover (8), light source fixed seat (9), support base (10), table base (11), the computer for being provided with inspection software;
CMOS cameras (1) are fixed in camera connecting rod (4) by camera fixture 2, and camera connecting rod (4) other end is by connecting rod
Fixture (6) tightens knob (5) by connecting rod and is tightened to support arm (7) upper end, and detection part spline set (8) is placed on
It is fixed in the light source fixed seat (9) on support base (10), support arm (7) and support base (10) are directly connected in workbench bottom
On seat (11);CMOS cameras (1) are connected with being provided with the computer of inspection software;
Also include camera fixture fixed plate (15), camera fixture axle (16), connecting rod locking hole (17), pitman shaft
(18), connecting rod fixing hole (19), connecting rod fastener apertures (20), support arm upper end fixed groove (21), connecting rod fixture
Locking hole (22);
Connecting rod fixture (6) is fixed on the recessed of support arm (7) upper end by screw at connecting rod fixture locking hole (22) place
Groove (21) place, camera connecting rod (4) is arranged on extension bar fixture (6), and the pitman shaft (18) of camera connecting rod (4), which is stretched into, to be connect
In the connecting rod fastener apertures (20) of bar fixture (6), tighten connecting rod to suitable position and tighten knob (5), complete camera
The installation of connecting rod (4);Camera fixture axle (16) is stretched into camera connecting rod (4) connecting rod fixing hole (19) to correct position
Afterwards, camera is tightened into knob (3) and is screwed into connecting rod locking hole (17) internal locking, CMOS cameras (1) are solid installed in camera fixture
In fixed board (15), tightened by screw at camera fixing threaded hole (14) place;
Also include light source fixed seat boss (23), support base boss (24), support base fixed screw (25), support base fixing hole
(26), support base fixing groove (27), support arm fixing groove (28);
The support base fixing groove (27) that support base (10) is arranged on table base (11) is inner, solid by four lock screws (25)
It is scheduled in support base fixing hole (26), light source fixed seat (9) is arranged on the upper end boss (24) of support base (10), and light source is fixed
Seat (9) upper end boss (23) plays the role of retaining element position, and spline housing (8) is arranged on light source fixed seat boss (23) above,
Support arm (7) is fixed in support arm fixing groove (28);
Described inspection software includes three subprograms, is distortion correction program, system calibrating program and system detectio journey respectively
Sequence;
Distortion correction:Using camera calibration plate, camera calibration plate is placed near part end face position, and constantly changes camera
The angle of inclination of scaling board, shoots the distortion correction system in 25 pictures, inspection software and can analyze and detect that camera is abnormal altogether
Become distribution situation, resolving obtains distortion correction parameter, and parameter can be applied during piece test automatically;
System calibrating:After the completion of distortion correction, if being examined for the first time using then needing to carry out initialization calibration using the system
A standard component crossed with the detection tool detection of higher extra fine grade is surveyed, inscribed circle diameter, the circumcircle of standard component is obtained
The facewidth of diameter and all spline tooths, system drawn as criterion calculation in the pixel equivalent of detection, i.e. image pixel value with
The ratio value of actual size;Lighting source is opened, standard component is placed on light source fixing part, starts calibration process;To obtain
The pixel equivalent at each position of image, need to continuously demarcate standard component 10 times, and standard component is rotated into 36 ° after the completion of demarcation every time,
Demarcation is completed;
System detectio:Lighting source open mode is kept, the detection program of opening control clicks on connection camera key, detection
Camera communication is normal to start detection,;Standard value editing area at detection interface is manually entered the chi of a collection of part to be detected
The value of very little tolerance limit and dimensional tolerance lower limit, and input the dimensional parameters of the standard component used in calibration process, after the completion of lock
Determine editing area;Part to be measured is placed on light source fixing part, detection key is clicked on, waits complete detection process within 30 seconds, operates boundary
Face can show whether the every size of part exceeds tolerance range, and whether comprehensive descision part is qualified, and calibration testing result is protected
There is Excel file;
The CMOS cameras (1) include camera lens (12), data cable plug (13), camera fixing threaded hole (14);Camera lens
(12) it is threadedly secured on camera body, data cable plug (13) is connected by data wire with computer, to transmit data
With offer working power, camera fixing threaded hole (14) is used to camera body being fixed on camera fixture fixed plate (15);
In image acquisition process by the way of dorsad illuminating, that is, it is tested spline housing (8) and is placed in CMOS cameras (1) and light source
(29) centre, this lighting system can protrude the contour shape of measured object, dramatically shield the interference of background illumination
With the interference of the textural characteristics on measured object surface.
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CN102353340A (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2012-02-15 | 天津大学 | Cylinder-cover blank machining-size identifying method and device |
CN103499297A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-08 | 爱科维申科技(天津)有限公司 | CCD (Charge Coupled Device)-based high-accuracy measuring method |
CN203848810U (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-09-24 | 东莞市铁信检测设备有限公司 | Outer contour dimension detector of lithium ion battery |
CN103983185A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-08-13 | 杭州欧谱洛博自动化技术有限公司 | Detection device for detecting chamfers and end faces of rollers simultaneously |
CN104296665A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-21 | 苏州镭络视觉技术有限公司 | Workpiece size measuring method and system based on machine vision |
CN104316530A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-01-28 | 无锡港湾网络科技有限公司 | Part detection method and application |
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