CN104652351A - Constant-flow automatic ecological discharge method and constant-flow automatic ecological discharge device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a constant flow automatic ecological discharge method and a discharge device, which belong to the technical field of water conservancy engineering and include the following contents: A. Obtain the average minimum discharge head difference ΔH required for maintaining the ecological environment of the river section in the current climate ; B. Real-time acquisition of the actual water level H ₁ of the upstream river section, and the water level H ₂ at the overflow orifice used for discharge on the gate; wherein, the overflow orifice is set on the gate, and the height of the overflow orifice is adjustable; C. Determine whether the actual discharge head difference (H ₁ -H ₂ ) is equal to the average minimum discharge head difference ΔH, if yes, the height of the flow orifice will not be adjusted; if not, adjust the height of the flow orifice so that H ₁ -H ₂ =ΔH, to meet the minimum ecological discharge requirement under the current climate. According to the upstream water level, the position of the discharge orifice on the gate is automatically adjusted in real time to realize the automatic ecological discharge of constant flow, which provides a new method for solving the downstream ecological environment protection problem.

Description

A constant flow automatic ecological discharge method and discharge device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, in particular to a constant flow automatic ecological discharge method and a discharge device.

Background technique

With the rapid development of my country's hydropower development, more and more dams have been built or planned to be built in mountainous rivers with large slopes in the west. The construction of barrage dams has caused varying degrees of damage to the ecological environment of some rivers, especially the damage to the river section between the dam and the factory building and the downstream river bend section is more serious, resulting in water reduction, partial flow cut-off, and even perennial exhausted. In order to protect the ecological environment of the water-reducing river section while developing hydropower, it is an effective method to inject a certain amount of ecological flow with a basically constant water temperature downstream by opening sluices in different seasons according to the different climatic zones of the river.

As a facility to control the discharge channel, the gate has the functions of intercepting water flow, controlling water level, and regulating flow. When a certain flow of water is discharged downstream, the usual practice is to open the gate to a certain degree to release the water flow. However, this method has the following problems: On the one hand, during the opening process of the gate, due to the need to lift the gate with a large dead weight as a whole, it is often difficult to accurately control the opening of the gate, and it is difficult to achieve a constant discharge flow rate. Cavitation erosion; on the other hand, the river flow is unsteady under natural conditions. Considering the change of the upstream water level, the distance between the discharge flow and the water surface is often changing, so there is a gap between the gate opening and the actual situation. The large error makes it difficult to control accurately, and it also makes the water temperature of the discharged water change greatly, which is not conducive to the growth of downstream aquatic animals and plants.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a constant flow automatic ecological discharge method and a discharge device, which can automatically adjust the position of the overflow orifice according to the upstream water level, so that the discharge water flow can maintain a constant flow rate and a constant water temperature, so as to solve the existing problem of excessive flow through control. The above-mentioned problems that the discharging method of area exists.

In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted is: a constant flow automatic ecological release method, comprising the following contents:

A. Obtain the average minimum discharge head difference ΔH required to maintain the ecological environment of the river section in the current climate;

B. Real-time acquisition of the actual water level H ₁ of the upstream river section, and the water level H ₂ at the overflow orifice used for discharge on the gate; wherein, the overflow orifice is set on the gate, and the height of the overflow orifice is adjustable;

C. Judging whether the actual discharge head difference (H ₁ -H ₂ ) is equal to the average minimum discharge head difference ΔH, if yes, the height of the flow orifice will not be adjusted; if not, adjust the height of the flow orifice so that H ₁ -H ₂ =ΔH, in order to meet the minimum ecological discharge requirement under the current climate.

Further, in content A, the average minimum ecological flow required to maintain the ecological environment of the river section and the actual flow of the river section are calculated in the climate where the river section is located. The difference between the two is the minimum flow that needs to be injected into the section. Flow rate; calculate and obtain the average minimum discharge head difference ΔH according to the minimum flow rate.

Further, in content B, the actual water level _H1 of the upstream river section and the water level _H2 at the overflow orifice for discharge on the gate are obtained through real-time monitoring by a water level sensor.

Further, the gate includes a main gate body and an auxiliary gate body, and the auxiliary gate body is vertically slidably arranged on the main gate body; a through groove communicating with the water flow is opened on the main gate body, and the flow orifice is opened on the auxiliary gate body. On the gate body, it corresponds to the through groove; the vertical dimension of the flow orifice is smaller than the vertical dimension of the through groove.

Further, in content C, the adjustment of the height of the overflow orifice includes the following content: when H ₁ -H ₂ >ΔH, obtain the upward movement command of the auxiliary gate body, and control the upward movement of the auxiliary gate body according to the upward movement command Movement, so that H ₁ -H ₂ =ΔH; when H ₁ -H ₂ <ΔH, obtain the downward movement instruction of the auxiliary gate body, and control the downward movement of the auxiliary gate body according to the downward movement instruction, so that H ₁ -H ₂ = ΔH.

The present invention also provides a constant flow automatic ecological discharge gate, which includes a main gate body and an auxiliary gate body. The auxiliary gate body is vertically slidably arranged on the main gate body; The gate body is provided with an overflow orifice corresponding to the through groove, and the vertical dimension of the overflow orifice is smaller than the vertical dimension of the through groove; the auxiliary gate body and the main gate body are provided with a sliding seal.

Further, a sealing frame is provided between the auxiliary gate body and the main gate body, and the sealing frame is located around the through groove.

Further, the through-slot is a vertical rectangular through-slot, and the flow orifice is circular.

The present invention also provides a constant flow automatic ecological discharge device, which includes the gate described in any one of the above, and also includes an intelligent controller, a water level sensor for monitoring the actual water level upstream and the water level at the overflow orifice, the water level sensor and the intelligent control system. The input end of the controller is connected; the auxiliary gate body is equipped with a gate hoist, and the gate hoist is connected to the output end of the intelligent controller.

Further, the main gate body is also connected with a hoist that drives its opening and closing.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. The flow control method of the present invention is changed from the traditional flow area control to the water head control, which can automatically adjust the position of the flow opening on the gate according to the upstream water level in real time, so that the discharge flow can keep the flow constant and the water temperature constant. Automatic ecological release of constant flow is realized, and the water temperature is basically similar to the upstream surface water temperature, which protects the growth environment of downstream aquatic animals and plants, and provides a new method for solving downstream ecological environment protection problems;

2. Changed the traditional mode of controlling overcurrent with a single gate, and changed it to the joint control of the main and auxiliary gate bodies. The main gate body is mainly used for water retention and large-scale discharge, and the auxiliary gate body is mainly used for small-scale precise discharge, that is, ecological discharge. ;In this way, in the process of ecological release, the opening and closing object is changed from the main gate with a larger self-weight to the auxiliary gate body with a smaller self-weight, which effectively reduces the gate's opening and closing force;

3. By collecting the minimum ecological flow in different climate zones and seasons, it can provide data support for future river regional planning;

4. The method of the present invention is simple and easy to control, which not only ensures the ecological discharge requirements of the water-reducing river section, but also does not cause water waste, and can be widely used in water-reducing river sections or canals that require constant flow and constant water temperature. Broad application prospects, especially the ecological discharge control of water-reducing river sections, cut-off river sections and downstream river bend sections of diversion-type power stations. In addition, the invention can also be used in water intake projects of urban landscape waterways and water diversion projects for agricultural irrigation. The discharge method achieves constant flow.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flowchart of the constant flow automatic ecological discharge method provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the specific flow chart of carrying out the position adjustment of the flow orifice in the method flow chart shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a constant flow automatic ecological discharge device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a side sectional view of the constant flow automatic ecological discharge gate provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a front view of the auxiliary gate body of the constant flow automatic ecological discharge gate provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below through specific implementation examples and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1, Fig. 2 have shown the constant flow automatic ecological discharge method provided by the present invention, comprise the following contents:

A. Obtain the average minimum discharge head difference ΔH required to maintain the ecological environment of the river section in the current climate;

B. Real-time acquisition of the actual water level H ₁ of the upstream river section, and the water level H ₂ at the overflow orifice used for discharge on the gate; wherein, the overflow orifice is set on the gate, and the height of the overflow orifice is adjustable;

C. Judging whether the actual discharge head difference (H ₁ -H ₂ ) is equal to the average minimum discharge head difference ΔH, if yes, the height of the flow orifice will not be adjusted; if not, adjust the height of the flow orifice so that H ₁ -H ₂ =ΔH, in order to meet the minimum ecological discharge requirement under the current climate.

Among them, the average minimum discharge head difference ΔH of the current climate is obtained under different climate conditions. Specifically, it can be the quarterly average minimum discharge head difference, which is divided by season according to the climate of different seasons. In order to maintain the ecological environment of the river section in different seasons in the climate zone, the quarterly average minimum ecological flow Q ₀ and the actual flow Q ₁ of the water-reducing river section are calculated to obtain the minimum flow Q that needs to be injected into the river section (Q=Q ₀ -Q ₁ ), and obtain ΔH through hydraulic calculation. In addition to dividing by season, it can also be divided according to other methods suitable for the region where the river section is located according to actual differences. Under different climatic conditions, the corresponding required constant flow can be injected downstream.

The actual water level _H1 of the upstream river section and the water level _H2 at the overflow orifice used for discharge on the gate can be obtained through real-time monitoring of the water level sensor. The water level sensor transmits the monitored data to the intelligent controller, and the intelligent controller judges whether the water level satisfies H ₁ =H ₂ +ΔH according to the monitored data.

The gate used can specifically include a main gate body and an auxiliary gate body. The auxiliary gate body is vertically slidably arranged on the main gate body; On the body, and corresponding to the through-slot; the vertical dimension of the flow-through orifice is smaller than the vertical dimension of the through-slot. The flow orifice used for discharge is moved relative to the main gate body, and the discharge water head can be adjusted by adjusting the auxiliary gate body. The orifice where the flow orifice overlaps with the through groove is the flow section of the ecological discharge.

When the water level satisfies H ₁ =H ₂ +ΔH, it indicates that the actual discharge head difference is equal to the quarterly average minimum discharge head difference ΔH. At this time, the discharge flow is just equal to the minimum flow Q to be injected, and the auxiliary gate body can meet the minimum flow without adjustment. Ecological discharge requirements; when the water level does not meet H ₁ =H ₂ +ΔH, it indicates that the discharge flow at this time is not equal to the minimum flow Q to be injected, and the auxiliary gate body needs to be adjusted accordingly to meet the requirements.

In adjusting the height of the overflow orifice:

When H ₁ -H ₂ >ΔH, it indicates that the water level of the upstream river (or reservoir) is rising at this time, the actual discharge head difference is greater than the quarterly average minimum discharge head difference ΔH, the actual discharge flow is greater than the minimum flow Q to be injected, and the discharge needs to be reduced At this time, the gate hoist obtains the upward movement command of the auxiliary gate body, and controls the upward movement of the auxiliary gate body according to the upward movement command, so that H ₁ -H ₂ =ΔH, and the upward sliding distance is Hu=H ₁ -H ₂ - ΔH;

When H ₁ -H ₂ <ΔH, it indicates that the water level of the upstream river (or reservoir) has dropped at this time, the actual discharge head difference is less than the quarterly average minimum discharge head difference ΔH, and the actual discharge flow is less than the minimum flow Q to be injected. The ecological and environmental protection requirements of the river section need to increase the discharge flow to meet the minimum ecological flow requirements. At this time, the gate hoist obtains the downward movement command of the auxiliary gate body, and controls the downward movement of the auxiliary gate body according to the downward movement command. Make H ₁ -H ₂ =ΔH, and the downward sliding distance is Hd=H ₂ +ΔH-H ₁ .

The gate hoist pulls the auxiliary gate body to move to the corresponding position on the sliding track between it and the main gate body, so that the actual discharge head difference is equal to the quarterly average minimum discharge head difference ΔH, so that the discharge flow is equal to the minimum flow to be injected Q.

Fig. 4, Fig. 5 have shown a kind of constant flow automatic ecological discharge gate that can be used for above-mentioned release method, comprise main gate body 1 and auxiliary gate body 2, auxiliary gate body 2 is vertically slidably arranged on main gate body 1; The gate body 1 is provided with a through groove 11 communicating with the water flow, and the auxiliary gate body 2 is provided with an overflow orifice 21 corresponding to the through groove 11, and the vertical dimension of the overflow orifice 21 is smaller than the vertical dimension of the through groove 11. Dimensions: The sliding seal between the auxiliary gate body 2 and the main gate body 1 is set.

Specifically, a sealing frame 3 is provided between the auxiliary gate body 2 and the main gate body 1 , and the sealing frame 3 is located around the through groove 11 to prevent water from flowing out from between the auxiliary gate body 2 and the main gate body 1 . The secondary gate body 2 is slidably connected to the main gate body 1 through a slide rail 13 .

When the flow orifice 21 overlaps with the through groove 11, the overlapping flow orifice 21 is the flow cross section of the ecological discharge, the through groove 11 can specifically be a vertical rectangular through groove, and the flow orifice 21 is circular. The auxiliary gate body 2 and the main gate body 1 are respectively provided with an auxiliary gate hook 22 and a main gate hook 12 for connecting with its opening and closing equipment.

Fig. 3 shows a kind of constant flow automatic ecological discharge device that realizes the discharge method above, including the gate described in any of the above, and also includes an intelligent controller, a water level sensor that monitors the actual water level upstream and the water level at 21 places of the overflow orifice , the water level sensor is connected to the input end of the intelligent controller; the auxiliary gate body 2 is equipped with a gate hoist, and the gate hoist is connected to the output end of the intelligent controller.

When the upstream and downstream water levels change, the water level sensor transmits the detected actual water level to the intelligent controller, and the intelligent controller determines the movement stroke of the auxiliary gate body 2 according to the upstream and downstream water level changes, and issues instructions to the gate hoist , the gate hoist pulls the auxiliary gate body 2 to move to a designated position, so that the flow rate and water temperature of the discharged water flow can be kept constant at any upstream water level, thereby realizing automatic ecological discharge of constant flow rate.

The main gate body 1 can also be connected with a hoist to drive its opening and closing, and when a large amount of discharge is required, the main gate body 1 is opened to discharge downstream.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for constant flow automatic ecological discharge, is characterized in that, comprises the following content: A. Obtain the average minimum discharge head difference ΔH required to maintain the ecological environment of the river section in the current climate; B. Real-time acquisition of the actual water level H ₁ of the upstream river section, and the water level H ₂ at the overflow orifice used for discharge on the gate; wherein, the overflow orifice is set on the gate, and the height of the overflow orifice is adjustable; C. Judging whether the actual discharge head difference (H ₁ -H ₂ ) is equal to the average minimum discharge head difference ΔH, if yes, the height of the flow orifice will not be adjusted; if not, adjust the height of the flow orifice so that H ₁ -H ₂ =ΔH, in order to meet the minimum ecological discharge requirement under the current climate. 2. the automatic ecological release method of constant flow rate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in content A, statistical river section is in place climate for maintaining the required average minimum ecological flow of this river section ecological environment and the average minimum ecological flow of river section. The actual flow, the difference between the two is the minimum flow that needs to be injected into the river section; the average minimum discharge head difference ΔH is obtained by calculating the minimum flow. 3. The automatic ecological discharge method of constant flow rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, in content B, the actual water level _H1 of the upper reaches of the river and the water level _H2 at the overflow orifice used for discharge on the gate It is obtained through real-time monitoring of the water level sensor. 4. The constant flow automatic ecological discharge method according to claim 1, wherein the gate comprises a main gate body and an auxiliary gate body, and the auxiliary gate body is vertically slidably arranged on the main gate body; There is a through groove communicating with the water flow, and the overflow orifice is set on the auxiliary gate body and corresponds to the through groove; the vertical dimension of the overflow orifice is smaller than that of the through groove. 5. The constant flow automatic ecological discharge method according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the content C, the adjustment of the height of the overflow orifice includes the following content: when H ₁ -H ₂ >ΔH, obtain the secondary The upward movement command of the gate body is used to control the upward movement of the auxiliary gate body according to the upward movement command, so that H ₁ -H ₂ =ΔH; when H ₁ -H ₂ <ΔH, the downward movement command of the auxiliary gate body is obtained, and according to the The downward movement command controls the auxiliary gate body to move downward, so that H ₁ -H ₂ =ΔH. 6. A constant flow automatic ecological discharge gate is characterized in that it comprises a main gate body and an auxiliary gate body, and the auxiliary gate body is vertically slidably arranged on the main gate body; the main gate body is provided with a through groove communicating with the water flow, The auxiliary gate body is provided with an overflow orifice corresponding to the through groove, and the vertical dimension of the overflow orifice is smaller than the vertical dimension of the through groove; the auxiliary gate body and the main gate body are provided with a sliding seal. 7. The constant flow automatic ecological discharge gate according to claim 6, characterized in that a sealing frame is provided between the auxiliary gate body and the main gate body, and the sealing frame is located around the through groove. 8. The constant-flow automatic ecological discharge gate according to claim 6, wherein the through-slot is a vertical rectangular through-slot, and the flow orifice is circular. 9. A constant flow automatic ecological discharge device, is characterized in that, comprises the gate as described in any one in claim 6-8, also comprises intelligent controller, monitors the water level of the upstream actual water level and the water level at the flow orifice The sensor and the water level sensor are connected to the input end of the intelligent controller; the auxiliary gate body is equipped with a gate hoist, and the gate hoist is connected to the output end of the intelligent controller. 10. The constant flow automatic ecological discharge device according to claim 9, characterized in that, the main gate body is also connected with a hoist that drives its opening and closing.