CN104651743A - Multielement composite heat-resistant steel - Google Patents
Multielement composite heat-resistant steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104651743A CN104651743A CN201310592933.XA CN201310592933A CN104651743A CN 104651743 A CN104651743 A CN 104651743A CN 201310592933 A CN201310592933 A CN 201310592933A CN 104651743 A CN104651743 A CN 104651743A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
Abstract
The invention discloses multielement composite heat-resistant steel and belongs to the technical field of metal materials. The multielement composite heat-resistant steel comprises, by mass, 0.25-0.35% of C, 18-20% of Cr, 3-4% of Si, 1-1.5% of Mn, 2-3% of Mo, 5-6% of Ni, 3-4% of W, 0.2-0.3% of N, 1-2% of Nb, 1.5-2.5% of Co, 0.1-0.2% of Ce, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S and the balance Fe. The multielement composite heat-resistant steel has high oxidation resistance, a high heat resistance temperature and small aged brittleness tendency, can be used for a heat-resistant workpiece of a heat treatment furnace, a grating plate for large-scale cement kiln grate cooler, and other high-temperature important bearing workpieces.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high temperature steel, particularly a kind of multielement composite parts high temperature steel, belongs to technical field of metal.
Background technology
Heat-resisting is a particular variety of steel steel, and refer to the material with working in high temperature environments, this steel have a wide range of applications in modern industry; Power house, boiler, internal combustion turbine, oil engine, aircraft engine etc. all need at high temperature to work, and the development of high temperature steel simultaneously is also closely related with the technical progress of these specialties.The temperature difference, the stress difference of bearing and the residing work condition environment that use due to all kinds of machine, unit have larger difference, and the steel type adopted also is not quite similar; At present, the use temperature of high temperature steel is from 200 DEG C to 1300 DEG C, operating pressure is from a few MPa to tens MPas, Working environment is from simple oxidizing atmosphere, develop into more complex environment such as vulcanized gas, mixed atmosphere and fused salt and liquid metal etc., in order to meet the requirement of heat conditions development, high temperature steel is also constantly developing.From soft steel, the low alloy steel of very early time, to complicated component, multi-element alloyed heat-resistant high alloy steel.The various annealing bonnets of Metallurgical Factory, the Muffle pot, radiator tube, charging framework, chain band etc. of controlled atmosphere continuous furnace, adopt 310(0Cr25Ni20 more) or 3Cr24Ni7SiNRe, 2Cr25Ni13 high temperature steel etc.; In Metallurgical Factory's continuous furnace and heat treatment furnace, a large amount of furnace bottom rolls and radiator tube also adopt heat-resistant high alloy steel spun cast pipe, and the conventional trade mark has 0Cr18Ni9,1Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr17Ni12Mo2,3Cr24Ni7SiNRe, 0Cr23Ni13,1Cr20Ni14, Cr25Ni20Si2,00Cr10Ni20Mo6Cu6,4Cr25Ni35NbW, 70CrMoVBRe, 4Cr28Ni48W5Si2,3Cr26Ni4MnMoRe etc.In Cement industry, heat-resistant steel chain in wet-process cement kiln preheating zone, the grating plate of large-size cement kiln grate cooler, the silo etc. of cooler, all employ a large amount of heat-resisting steel parts, as 3Cr24Ni7SiNRe, 1Cr20Ni14, Cr25Ni20Si2 etc., according to the organization type after normalizing, high temperature steel generally can be divided into perlite, martensite, ferrite, austenite Four types, when comparatively high temps long-time stable works, generally need austenitic heat-resistance steel, this steel creep-resistant property is good, superheated susceptivity is low, resistance of oxidation is strong, good welding performance, also there is higher intensity and excellent castability simultaneously, it is one of focus and emphasis of high temperature steel development, 3Cr24Ni7SiNRe, Cr25Ni20Si2, 4Cr28Ni48W5Si2 is the Typical Representative of this kind of steel.Mainly for the manufacture of each class A furnace A part and heat exchanger, manufacture the combustion chamber of Hot gas turbine, boiler, heating-furnace base plate and roller-way and boiler tube etc., patent CN1118381A discloses a kind of high-strength heat-resistance steel, although this high temperature steel has enough hot strengths and hardness, and there is excellent anti-oxidant and corrosion resistance, but owing to containing the Ni of 20% ~ 28%, expensive, so cause the cost of material higher.The high temperature steel that patent JP60-211054 is hot workability in order to solve steel and designs, its good processability, but its S < 0.002%, need to purify to S element specially, therefore more difficult on smelting.Patent CN1033291A discloses a kind of chromium manganese nitrogen type austenitic heat-resisting steel, wherein C 0.4 ~ 0.6%, Cr 17 ~ 19%, Mn 5 ~ 7%, Si 1 ~ 2%, N 0.2 ~ 0.3%, although the content of the various element of this steel is lower, cost is low, but its working temperature is no more than 900 DEG C, during more than 900 DEG C, its mechanical property degenerates, and can not meet the operating environment requirements of high temperature.
Summary of the invention
One is the object of the present invention is to provide both to have good hot strength, there is again the middle carbon multielement high temperature steel of superior oxidation resistance energy and creep-resistant property, can 1000 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C long-term stable operation, to meet various bottom plate for heat treating furnace, furnace bottom roll, the manufacture of the multiple components such as Muffle pot, charging framework, various annealing bonnet, ventilating vane slide rail bath of glass stall of controlled atmosphere continuous furnace and job requirement.
For realizing object of the present invention, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of multielement composite parts high temperature steel, the component content of described high temperature steel is in mass: C:0.25 ~ 0.35%, Cr: 18 ~ 20%, Si:3 ~ 4%, Mn:1 ~ 1.5%, Mo:2 ~ 3%, Ni: 5 ~ 6%, W:3 ~ 4%, N:0.2 ~ 0.3%, Nb:1 ~ 2%, Co: 1.5 ~ 2.5%, Ce:0.1 ~ 0.2%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, surplus is Fe, preferably, the component content of described high temperature steel is in mass: C:0.25 ~ 0.3%, Cr: 18 ~ 20%, Si:3 ~ 3.5%, Mn:1 ~ 1.5%, Mo:2 ~ 2.5%, Ni: 5 ~ 5.5%, W:3 ~ 4%, N:0.2 ~ 0.3%, Nb:1 ~ 2%, Co: 1.5 ~ 2.5%, Ce:0.1 ~ 0.2%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, surplus is Fe, preferably, the component content of described high temperature steel is in mass: C:0.25 ~ 0.3%, Cr: 18 ~ 19%, Si:3 ~ 3.5%, Mn:1 ~ 1.5%, Mo:2 ~ 2.5%, Ni: 5 ~ 5.5%, W:3.5 ~ 4%, N:0.2 ~ 0.3%, Nb:1 ~ 2%, Co: 1.5 ~ 2.5%, Ce:0.15 ~ 0.2%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, surplus is Fe.
Advantageous Effects of the present invention is: add Mo, the carbides such as Nb, W, the hot strength of steel can be improved, simultaneously the adding of Mo element, improve the hardening capacity of material, the Rare-Earth Ce element refinement that adds crystal grain, forms grain refining, enhances matrix.High temperature steel of the present invention, under can being stably operated in the high temperature being no more than 1250 DEG C, resistance to deformation, anti-oxidant, wear-resistant, compare with Cr25Ni20Si2,3Cr24Ni7SiNRE, its σ
b, δ, ψ tri-mechanical performance indexs have all exceeded the level of contrast material 1100 DEG C and 1200 DEG C, σ
bbe tensile strength, δ is elongation, ψ is relative reduction in area, compares with CrMnN high temperature steel, has higher oxidation-resistance and heat resisting temperature, holds concurrently and has less aged brittleness tendency.Therefore the present invention may be used on the resistance to heated work pieces of heat treatment furnace, the grating plate of large-size cement kiln grate cooler and the important stressed workpiece of other high temperature.
Embodiment
A kind of multielement composite parts high temperature steel, the component content of described high temperature steel is in mass: C:0.25 ~ 0.35%, Cr: 18 ~ 20%, Si:3 ~ 4%, Mn:1 ~ 1.5%, Mo:2 ~ 3%, Ni: 5 ~ 6%, W:3 ~ 4%, N:0.2 ~ 0.3%, Nb:1 ~ 2%, Co: 1.5 ~ 2.5%, Ce:0.1 ~ 0.2%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, surplus is Fe, preferably, the component content of described high temperature steel is in mass: C:0.25 ~ 0.3%, Cr: 18 ~ 20%, Si:3 ~ 3.5%, Mn:1 ~ 1.5%, Mo:2 ~ 2.5%, Ni: 5 ~ 5.5%, W:3 ~ 4%, N:0.2 ~ 0.3%, Nb:1 ~ 2%, Co: 1.5 ~ 2.5%, Ce:0.1 ~ 0.2%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, surplus is Fe, preferably, the component content of described high temperature steel is in mass: C:0.25 ~ 0.3%, Cr: 18 ~ 19%, Si:3 ~ 3.5%, Mn:1 ~ 1.5%, Mo:2 ~ 2.5%, Ni: 5 ~ 5.5%, W:3.5 ~ 4%, N:0.2 ~ 0.3%, Nb:1 ~ 2%, Co: 1.5 ~ 2.5%, Ce:0.15 ~ 0.2%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, surplus is Fe.
The present invention take ferro element as matrix, add the multiple elements such as Cr, Si, Mn, Mo, Ni, W, N, Nb, Co, Ce simultaneously and carry out complex intensifying, ensure that there is higher hot strength and oxidation-resistance, have excellent plasticity and toughness concurrently, just the effect in the base of each element is described below simultaneously.
C mainly forms various carbide in high temperature steel, and steel intensity carbon content at normal temperatures increases and increases, and alloy will be made to be difficult to carry out press working, therefore be generally less than 0.45% more when carbon content is too much.Simultaneously, C and N is again strong austenite former, because Ni element is more valuable, in order to reduce the consumption of Ni element, can obtain austenite structure again, keep enough hot strengths, steel intensity C content at normal temperatures increases and increases, alloy will be made when C content is too much to be difficult to carry out press working, and C content of the present invention controls 0.25 ~ 0.35%.Add N, N can expand austenite phase field simultaneously, and nitride particle, at crystal boundary and intracrystalline disperse educt, can stop steel creep at high temperature, and play solution strengthening and aging precipitation strengthening effect, its content controls 0.2 ~ 0.3%, and C+N >=0.45%.
Cr is element the most basic in high temperature steel, can carry heavy alloyed corrosion resistance, and the avidity of Cr and O is greater than the avidity of Fe and O, so Cr has precedence over Fe form fine and close Cr
2o
3oxide film, this oxide film has higher compactness and passivation, can play good isolated and provide protection, make steel have high oxidation-resistance to the oxidation of inner layer metal; In addition, Cr also forms the intensity that carbide improves steel, but excessive chromium makes the thermoplasticity of steel worsen, and tissue is unstable, and consider, its total content controls 18 ~ 20%.
Si to improving the hardening capacity of steel, temper resistance, toughness, especially elastic limit are favourable, reduce γ phase block elements, do not form carbide, along with the increase of silicone content, the precipitation of carbide is suppressed or delay, but excessive Si easily causes cold short, and welding property is poor, therefore the content of Si controls 3 ~ 4%.
Mn adds the hot strength being conducive to improving high temperature steel, and expand γ phase region, forming unlimited solid solution, is weak carbide forming element, enters cementite and replaces part iron atom, form alloyed cementite.The content of manganese too much easily causes grain coarsening and increases temper brittleness, and the thermal conductivity of metal can be made to reduce, and can promote that σ phase generates simultaneously, alloy be become fragile when being heated for a long time, considering, the content of Mn controls 1 ~ 1.5%.
Mo can improve the intensity of steel, forms carbide, can realize dispersion-strengthened with austenite solid solution, the isothermal curve of steel is moved to right, strengthen the resistance for delayed fracture of steel, molybdenum can suppress the impurity atomss such as P, Sn to the segregation of grain boundaries, therefore can reduce temper brittleness; Can improve the hardening capacity of steel, the content of molybdenum is too low, DeGrain, and content is too high, then cost is higher, considers, and controls at Mo 2 ~ 3% containing molybdenum amount.
Ni has very high resistance of oxidation, is to be formed and the principal element of stable austenite, and Ni acts on about 10% time maximum on the impact of hot strength, and Ni too much in steel is mainly used to balance and reduces γ phase region alloys producing; The control of General N i content must obey the requirement forming single austenite structure, but Ni is expensive, and in order to reduce costs and price, part C and N can be utilized to replace Ni, and play the effect of stable austenite, consider, the content of Ni controls 5 ~ 6%.
W and Nb is all carbides, can hinder strengthening phase agglomeration, W's and Nb is once at high temperature highly stable with proeutectoid carbide, effectively can improve the hot strength of steel, ensure certain hot hardness and high temperature abrasion resistance; Nb is all right crystal grain thinning simultaneously, improves plasticity and hot workability, considers, and controls 3 ~ 4% containing W amount, controls 1 ~ 2% containing Nb amount.
Co can make γ-Fe stablize; Co can put forward heavy alloyed recrystallization temperature and austenitic hot strength, and can hinder Carbide Precipitation and gathering, thus can significantly improve the hot strength of alloy, considers, and controls 1.5 ~ 2.5% containing Co amount.
Adding of rare earth element ce, the as-cast structure of steel, cleaning molten steel can be improved, in the molten steel of high temperature, Rare-Earth Ce easily with oxygen and sulphur generation conjugation reaction, give birth to glomerate Ce
2o
2s, Ce
2o
3deng cerium oxysulfide, thus the oxygen removed in molten steel and sulphur.Therefore, cerium has stronger deoxidization desulfuration ability; Because cerium is surface active element, non-spontaneous nucleating center can be formed, thus crystal grain thinning, improve plasticity and the toughness of steel, consider, control at 0.1-0.2% containing cerium amount.
S is the harmful element in steel, and S can only be dissolved in the molten steel of high temperature, almost can not dissolve in solid iron, the grain boundaries in solid steel is present in the form of FeS inclusion, easily causing cracking during hot-work, be called hot-short, its content should be strict controlled in≤level of 0.03%.
P has solution strengthening effect, can improve intensity and the hardness of steel, but sharply can reduce the impelling strength of steel, and phosphorus can gather at grain boundaries, forms serious segregation, causes temper brittleness, and its content is strict controlled in≤level of 0.03%.
The present invention can adopt the method for electric arc furnace+external refining or non-vacuum induction furnace+external refining to smelt, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, ferrotungsten, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferro-cobalt is added successively in smelting process, when smelting is near completion, add vanadium iron, ferro-niobium, pure nickel and rare-earth element cerium successively, at utmost can reduce the element consume of pyroprocess like this, tapping temperature controls at 1580 ~ 1600 DEG C.Because containing higher C and Si two kinds of elements in high temperature steel of the present invention, these two kinds of elements ensure that good castability; Common sand mold casting can be adopted, direct pouring becomes charging frame, drop-bottom, grating plate part of all kinds, also can be cast into steel ingot, then forge as required, be rolled into various distortion materials etc., also can be cast into foundry goods, directly use in the as-cast condition.
[0021]below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further, chemical composition ranges designed according to this invention, the method of medium-frequency induction furnace+external refining is adopted to smelt, the ferrochrome calculated is added successively in smelting process, molybdenum-iron, ferrotungsten, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferro-cobalt, when smelting is near completion, add vanadium iron successively, ferro-niobium, pure nickel and rare-earth element cerium, at utmost reduce the element consume of pyroprocess, tapping temperature controls at 1580 ~ 1600 DEG C, molten steel casting becomes bar, be processed into sample, with medium-frequency induction furnace melting three stove molten steel under similarity condition, embodiment 1 respectively, embodiment 2, embodiment 3.In order to the mechanics effect of comparative example, melting 3Cr24Ni7SiNRE and each stove of Cr25Ni20Si2 material in addition, table 1 is the chemical composition of embodiment, table 2 carries out 1100 DEG C, 1200 DEG C mechanical behavior under high temperature tests and oxidation susceptibility test-results to sample, and table 3 is mechanical behavior under high temperature test and antioxidant property test-results.
Claims (3)
1. a multielement composite parts high temperature steel, is characterized in that: the component content of described high temperature steel is in mass: C:0.25 ~ 0.35%, Cr: 18 ~ 20%, Si:3 ~ 4%, Mn:1 ~ 1.5%, Mo:2 ~ 3%, Ni: 5 ~ 6%, W:3 ~ 4%, N:0.2 ~ 0.3%, Nb:1 ~ 2%, Co: 1.5 ~ 2.5%, Ce:0.1 ~ 0.2%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, surplus is Fe.
2. a kind of multielement composite parts high temperature steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the component content of described high temperature steel is in mass: C:0.25 ~ 0.3%, Cr: 18 ~ 20%, Si:3 ~ 3.5%, Mn:1 ~ 1.5%, Mo:2 ~ 2.5%, Ni: 5 ~ 5.5%, W:3 ~ 4%, N:0.2 ~ 0.3%, Nb:1 ~ 2%, Co: 1.5 ~ 2.5%, Ce:0.1 ~ 0.2%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, surplus is Fe.
3. a kind of multielement composite parts high temperature steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the component content of described high temperature steel is in mass: C:0.25 ~ 0.3%, Cr: 18 ~ 19%, Si:3 ~ 3.5%, Mn:1 ~ 1.5%, Mo:2 ~ 2.5%, Ni: 5 ~ 5.5%, W:3.5 ~ 4%, N:0.2 ~ 0.3%, Nb:1 ~ 2%, Co: 1.5 ~ 2.5%, Ce:0.15 ~ 0.2%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, surplus is Fe.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105386046A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-09 | 苏州爱盟机械有限公司 | Environment-friendly totally-chrome-free passivated and galvanized bicycle chain |
| CN106195434A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-12-07 | 无锡戴尔普机电设备有限公司 | A kind of Novel air adjustable valve sharf material |
| CN111321356A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-06-23 | 莆田学院 | Laser additive manufacturing sink roller composite shaft sleeve and preparation method thereof |
| CN112771192A (en) * | 2018-10-05 | 2021-05-07 | 纬湃科技有限责任公司 | Turbocharger with steel material for high temperature applications |
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| CN1118381A (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 1996-03-13 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | High strength heat-resistance steel |
| CN101946018A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2011-01-12 | 日立金属株式会社 | Austenitic heat-resistant cast steel and exhaust system components made therefrom |
| CN102534420A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-04 | 大连裕龙高速钢有限公司 | Low-nickel high performance heat-resistant steel |
| CN102844455A (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2012-12-26 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Austenitic heat-resistant cast steel |
-
2013
- 2013-11-22 CN CN201310592933.XA patent/CN104651743A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1118381A (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 1996-03-13 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | High strength heat-resistance steel |
| CN101946018A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2011-01-12 | 日立金属株式会社 | Austenitic heat-resistant cast steel and exhaust system components made therefrom |
| CN102844455A (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2012-12-26 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Austenitic heat-resistant cast steel |
| CN102534420A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-04 | 大连裕龙高速钢有限公司 | Low-nickel high performance heat-resistant steel |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105386046A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-09 | 苏州爱盟机械有限公司 | Environment-friendly totally-chrome-free passivated and galvanized bicycle chain |
| CN106195434A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-12-07 | 无锡戴尔普机电设备有限公司 | A kind of Novel air adjustable valve sharf material |
| CN112771192A (en) * | 2018-10-05 | 2021-05-07 | 纬湃科技有限责任公司 | Turbocharger with steel material for high temperature applications |
| US11454132B2 (en) | 2018-10-05 | 2022-09-27 | Vitesco Technologies GmbH | Turbocharger, having a steel material for high-temperature applications |
| CN111321356A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-06-23 | 莆田学院 | Laser additive manufacturing sink roller composite shaft sleeve and preparation method thereof |
| CN111321356B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2021-08-24 | 南华大学 | Laser additive manufacturing sink roller composite shaft sleeve and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20150527 |
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