CN104645875A - Viscoelastic system constructed by functional Gemini surfactants and preparation method of viscoelastic system - Google Patents

Viscoelastic system constructed by functional Gemini surfactants and preparation method of viscoelastic system Download PDF

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CN104645875A
CN104645875A CN201410779193.5A CN201410779193A CN104645875A CN 104645875 A CN104645875 A CN 104645875A CN 201410779193 A CN201410779193 A CN 201410779193A CN 104645875 A CN104645875 A CN 104645875A
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裴晓梅
刘喆
宋冰蕾
舒彩云
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Shaanxi Rixin Petrochemical Co ltd
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Jiangnan University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种阳离子表面活性剂与三种不同链长的阴离子表面活性剂复配获得的粘弹表面活性剂溶液制备方法。其中阴离子表面活性剂可以是十二酸钠(SL)、十四酸钠(SM)、十六酸钠(SP)中的任意一种。以带羟基的Gemini表面活性剂为主要成分,与少量阴离子表面活性剂复配后,即获得所说的表面活性剂粘弹溶液。该表面活性剂溶液的制备包括复配和粘弹性能测试两个主要过程。Gemini阳离子表面活性剂配成一定浓度的溶液,然后与阴离子表面活性剂按照不同比例复配,即可得到表面活性剂粘弹溶液。

The invention relates to a method for preparing a viscoelastic surfactant solution obtained by compounding a cationic surfactant and anionic surfactants with different chain lengths. Wherein the anionic surfactant can be any one of sodium laurate (SL), sodium myristate (SM) and sodium palmitate (SP). The said surfactant viscoelastic solution is obtained after the Gemini surfactant with a hydroxyl group is used as the main component and compounded with a small amount of anionic surfactant. The preparation of the surfactant solution includes two main processes of compounding and viscoelastic performance testing. Gemini cationic surfactant is made into a solution with a certain concentration, and then compounded with anionic surfactant in different proportions to obtain a surfactant viscoelastic solution.

Description

一种功能化Gemini表面活性剂构筑的粘弹体系及制备方法A kind of viscoelastic system constructed by functionalized Gemini surfactant and preparation method thereof

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种阳离子表面活性剂与一种阴离子表面活性剂复配获得的粘弹表面活性剂溶液,特别涉及一种含有功能化基团的Gemini表面活性剂成分的粘弹溶液及其复配方法,属于表面活性剂科学领域。 The invention relates to a viscoelastic surfactant solution obtained by compounding a cationic surfactant and an anionic surfactant, in particular to a viscoelastic solution containing a Gemini surfactant component of a functional group and its compounding Methods, belonging to the field of surfactant science.

背景技术 Background technique

Gemini表面活性剂包含两个头基,两条疏水链和一个联接链,通过改变其结构要素,比如在头基上引入功能化的基团,形成蠕虫胶束,常见的蠕虫状胶束体系有阴/阳离子表面活性剂体系,表面活性剂/盐体系等。蠕虫状胶束最明显的特征就是长的胶束之间相互缠绕,使体系具有粘弹性。 Gemini surfactants contain two head groups, two hydrophobic chains and one linking chain. By changing its structural elements, such as introducing functionalized groups on the head group, worm micelles are formed. The common worm-like micelles are Yin / cationic surfactant system, surfactant / salt system, etc. The most obvious feature of worm-like micelles is that the long micelles are entangled with each other, making the system viscoelastic.

蠕虫状胶束在人们的日常生活及生产中具有重要应用,如可作为油田压裂液、拖曳减阻剂,日用洗涤用品的增稠、合成新材料的模板等,因而得到了人们广泛的重视。单纯的表面活性剂形成蠕虫胶束所需浓度较高,成本较大,一般加入盐或者聚合物得到粘弹性较好的溶液。但加盐所需盐较多,而加聚合物之后的分离较困难。 Worm-like micelles have important applications in people's daily life and production, such as oilfield fracturing fluid, drag reducer, thickening of daily detergents, templates for synthesizing new materials, etc., so they have been widely used Pay attention to. Simple surfactants require a higher concentration to form worm micelles, and the cost is higher. Generally, salts or polymers are added to obtain a solution with better viscoelasticity. However, adding salt requires more salt, and the separation after adding polymer is more difficult.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

为了解决单纯的表面活性剂的浓度要比较高,成本较大的问题,本发明提供了一种由阴阳离子表面活性剂复配得到的粘弹性表面活性剂溶液的制备方法。以带羟基的Gemini表面活性剂为主要成分,与少量阴离子表面活性剂复配后,即获得可具有凝胶特征的表面活性剂粘弹溶液。 In order to solve the problem of relatively high concentration and high cost of simple surfactants, the invention provides a preparation method of a viscoelastic surfactant solution obtained by compounding anionic and cationic surfactants. The Gemini surfactant with hydroxyl group as the main component is compounded with a small amount of anionic surfactant to obtain a surfactant viscoelastic solution with gel characteristics.

本发明的技术方案为:一种具有粘弹性的表面活性剂溶液,是由一种带羟基的Gemini阳离子表面活性剂与不同链长的阴离子表面活性剂分别复配得到,其中的Gemini阳离子表面活性剂的结构式如下: The technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of surfactant solution with viscoelasticity is obtained by compounding respectively a Gemini cationic surfactant with a hydroxyl group and anionic surfactants of different chain lengths, wherein the Gemini cationic surfactant The structural formula of the agent is as follows:

该Gemini阳离子表面活性剂的合成路线如下: The synthetic route of this Gemini cationic surfactant is as follows:

将获得的Gemini阳离子表面活性剂配成一定浓度的溶液,然后与阴离子表面活性剂按照不同比例复配,即可得到具有凝胶特征的表面活性剂粘弹溶液。 The obtained Gemini cationic surfactant is made into a solution of a certain concentration, and then mixed with an anionic surfactant in different proportions to obtain a surfactant viscoelastic solution with gel characteristics.

Gemini阳离子表面活性剂固定为50mM的浓度,与十二酸钠、十四酸钠及十六酸钠分别以10:1~5:10比例复配,得到具有凝胶特征的表面活性剂粘弹溶液。 Gemini cationic surfactant is fixed at a concentration of 50mM, and compounded with sodium dodecanoate, sodium myristate and sodium hexadecanoate at a ratio of 10:1 to 5:10 respectively to obtain a viscoelastic surfactant with gel characteristics solution.

Gemini阳离子表面活性剂与十二酸钠、十四酸钠及十六酸钠不同比例复配得到的粘弹溶液温度区间控制在10~50℃。 The temperature range of the viscoelastic solution obtained by compounding Gemini cationic surfactant with sodium dodecanoate, sodium myristate and sodium hexadecanoate in different proportions is controlled at 10-50°C.

有益效果 Beneficial effect

将带羟基Gemini阳离子表面活性剂溶液与少量的十二酸钠、十四酸钠及十六酸钠复配后即获得具有良好粘弹性的溶液,可明显降低使用成本,可应用于油田压裂液,拖曳减阻剂和日常清洁剂配方。 After compounding Gemini cationic surfactant solution with hydroxyl group with a small amount of sodium dodecanoate, sodium myristate and sodium hexadecanoate, a solution with good viscoelasticity can be obtained, which can significantly reduce the cost of use and can be applied to oil field fracturing Liquid, drag reducer and everyday cleaner formula.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为表面活性剂粘弹溶液的动态剪切图(Gemini阳离子表面活性剂浓度为50mmol/L)。十二酸钠/50mM 12(OH)2-3-12(OH)2动态剪切谱.G'(实心符号,弹性模量),G”(空心符号,粘性模量)随角频率ω对变化。 Figure 1 is a dynamic shear diagram of a surfactant viscoelastic solution (Gemini cationic surfactant concentration is 50mmol/L). Sodium dodecanoate/50mM 12(OH)2-3-12(OH)2 dynamic shear spectrum. G'(solid symbol, elastic modulus), G"(open symbol, viscous modulus) versus angular frequency ω Variety.

图2为表面活性剂粘弹溶液的稳态剪切图(Gemini阳离子表面活性剂浓度为50mmol/L)。十二酸钠/50mM 12(OH)2-3-12(OH)2不同β时体系的稳态剪切图。 Fig. 2 is a steady-state shear diagram of a surfactant viscoelastic solution (Gemini cationic surfactant concentration is 50mmol/L). Steady-state shear diagram of sodium dodecanoate/50mM 12(OH)2-3-12(OH)2 with different β.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

实施例1:α-溴代十四酸甲酯的合成。将十四酸(150g,0.6568mol)加入500ml三口瓶中,在65℃下融化,搅拌下缓慢滴加亚硫酰氯(106.6g,0.821mol),滴加完将温度升高至90℃,加入少许碘单质作为引发剂,缓慢滴加经浓硫酸干燥过的液溴(131.2g,0.821mol),搅拌回流12小时,将温度降至65℃,搅拌下滴加无水甲醇(52.6g,1.64mol),加完后回流2-4小时。冷却后用水洗3-4次,再用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液50ml洗涤有机层至中性,最后再用水洗3-4次。有机层加入无水硫酸镁干燥过夜。过滤后,将粗品减压蒸馏得α-溴代十四酸甲酯。175~180℃。 Embodiment 1: the synthesis of α-bromotetradecanoic acid methyl ester. Add tetradecanoic acid (150g, 0.6568mol) into a 500ml three-neck flask, melt at 65°C, slowly add thionyl chloride (106.6g, 0.821mol) dropwise under stirring, raise the temperature to 90°C after the dropwise addition, add A little elemental iodine was used as an initiator, and liquid bromine (131.2 g, 0.821 mol) dried by concentrated sulfuric acid was slowly added dropwise, stirred and refluxed for 12 hours, and the temperature was lowered to 65 ° C, and anhydrous methanol (52.6 g, 1.64 mol) was added dropwise with stirring. mol), reflux for 2-4 hours after the addition. After cooling, wash with water 3-4 times, then wash the organic layer with 50 ml of saturated sodium sulfite solution until neutral, and finally wash with water 3-4 times. The organic layer was dried overnight by adding anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After filtration, the crude product was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain α-bromotetradecanoic acid methyl ester. 175~180℃.

实施例2:Gemini阳离子表面活性剂的合成。将200mL无水乙醇,1-溴代十二烷(100g,0.4mol),二乙醇胺(170g,1.62mol)混合,在60℃反应48h。冷却后,再加入氢氧化钠(20g,0.5mol)继续搅拌1h。旋转蒸发除去乙醇后,向剩余物中加入150mL蒸馏水,再加入100mL乙醚,体系分层。将上层有机层分离,下层继续用乙醚萃取两次。将萃取液合并,用蒸馏水洗2次。乙醚溶液用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤后乙醚旋转蒸发去除。剩余物减压蒸馏得到N-十二烷基二乙醇胺,为无色粘稠液体(180℃/5mmHg)。 Embodiment 2: the synthesis of Gemini cationic surfactant. Mix 200 mL of absolute ethanol, 1-bromododecane (100 g, 0.4 mol), and diethanolamine (170 g, 1.62 mol), and react at 60° C. for 48 h. After cooling, sodium hydroxide (20 g, 0.5 mol) was added and stirring was continued for 1 h. After the ethanol was removed by rotary evaporation, 150 mL of distilled water and 100 mL of diethyl ether were added to the residue, and the system was separated into layers. The upper organic layer was separated, and the lower layer was extracted twice with diethyl ether. The extracts were combined and washed twice with distilled water. The ether solution was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and removed by rotary evaporation of ether. The residue was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain N-dodecyldiethanolamine as a colorless viscous liquid (180°C/5mmHg).

将N-十二烷基二乙醇胺(20g,0.073mol),1,3-二溴丙烷(6.6g,0.033mol)和20mL无水乙醇混合加入密闭容器中,反应在115℃进行72h。反应物冷却,旋转蒸发除去乙醇。剩余物用乙醇和乙酸乙酯重结晶3次,经真空干燥后得到12(OH)-3-12(OH),为白色片状固体。 N-dodecyldiethanolamine (20g, 0.073mol), 1,3-dibromopropane (6.6g, 0.033mol) and 20mL of absolute ethanol were mixed and added into a closed container, and the reaction was carried out at 115°C for 72h. The reaction was cooled and the ethanol was removed by rotary evaporation. The residue was recrystallized three times with ethanol and ethyl acetate, and dried under vacuum to obtain 12(OH)-3-12(OH) as a white flaky solid.

实施例3:粘弹表面活性剂溶液的制备。配制50mmol/L的Gemini阳离子表面活性剂溶液各5ml,向其中分别加入适量的十二酸钠、十四酸钠及十六酸钠固体,使Gemini阳离子表面活性剂与十二酸钠及十四酸钠的摩尔比分别达到1:0.1、1:0.2、1:0.3及1:0.4,Gemini阳离子表面活性剂与十六酸钠的摩尔比分别达1:0.1、1:0.2、1:0.3、1:0.4及1:0.5。溶解后即得到系列粘弹表面活性剂溶液。 Embodiment 3: the preparation of viscoelastic surfactant solution. Prepare 5ml of Gemini cationic surfactant solution of 50mmol/L, and add appropriate amount of sodium dodecanoate, sodium myristate and sodium palmitate solid to it respectively to make Gemini cationic surfactant and sodium dodecanoate and sodium myristate The molar ratios of sodium palmate reached 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3 and 1:0.4 respectively, and the molar ratios of Gemini cationic surfactant and sodium hexadecanoate reached 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4 and 1:0.5. After dissolving, a series of viscoelastic surfactant solutions are obtained.

实施例4:阴阳离子表面活性剂溶液的粘弹性测量。将所得粘弹表面活 性剂溶液在25℃下静置48h,并在25℃下进行流变性能的测试。动态扫描前,先进行应力扫描以确定测试样品的线性黏弹区,样品的测试均在线性黏弹区内进行。具体数据见图1和图2。图1为测试样品的动态剪切图,可以看出,在所测试的频率范围内,样品弹性模量始终大于粘性模量,说明样品具有很好的弹性。图2为样品的稳态剪切图,随着阳离子表面活性剂摩尔比的增大,样品的零剪切粘度增大,Gemini阳离子表面活性剂与十二酸钠的摩尔比为1:0.3时可达12Pa·s。 Embodiment 4: the viscoelasticity measurement of cationic surfactant solution. The resulting viscoelastic surfactant solution was allowed to stand at 25°C for 48h, and the rheological properties were tested at 25°C. Before the dynamic scanning, the stress scanning is carried out to determine the linear viscoelastic region of the test sample, and the tests of the samples are all carried out in the linear viscoelastic region. See Figure 1 and Figure 2 for specific data. Figure 1 is the dynamic shear diagram of the test sample. It can be seen that within the tested frequency range, the elastic modulus of the sample is always greater than the viscous modulus, indicating that the sample has good elasticity. Fig. 2 is the steady-state shear figure of sample, along with the increase of cationic surfactant molar ratio, the zero-shear viscosity of sample increases, when the molar ratio of Gemini cationic surfactant and sodium dodecanoate is 1:0.3 Up to 12Pa·s.

Claims (5)

1.一种由阴阳离子表面活性剂复配的粘弹表面活性剂溶液,是由不同链长的脂肪酸钠与阳离子表面活性剂分别复配得到,其特征在于,其中阳离子表面活性剂可以和十二酸钠(SL)、十四酸钠(SM)或十六酸钠(SP)中的任意一种复配。阳离子表面活性剂与十二酸钠、十四酸钠及十六酸钠以不同比例复配,脂肪酸钠含量最高,形成的粘弹溶液效果越好,但达到一定含量之后,形成的粘弹溶液则会浑浊。 1. A viscoelastic surfactant solution compounded by anionic and cationic surfactants is obtained by compounding respectively fatty acid sodium and cationic surfactants of different chain lengths, wherein the cationic surfactants can be mixed with ten Any compound of sodium diacid (SL), sodium myristate (SM) or sodium hexadecanoate (SP). The cationic surfactant is compounded with sodium laurate, sodium myristate and sodium palmitate in different proportions. The content of sodium fatty acid sodium is the highest, and the viscoelastic solution formed is better. However, after reaching a certain content, the viscoelastic solution formed will be cloudy. 2.根据权利要求1所述的粘弹表面活性剂溶液的制备方法,其特征在于,Gemini阳离子表面活性剂固定为50mM的浓度,与十二酸钠、十四酸钠及十六酸钠分别以10:1~5:10比例复配,得到表面活性剂粘弹溶液。 2. the preparation method of viscoelastic surfactant solution according to claim 1, is characterized in that, Gemini cationic surfactant is fixed to the concentration of 50mM, and sodium dodecanoate, sodium myristate and sodium palmitate respectively Compounded at a ratio of 10:1 to 5:10 to obtain a surfactant viscoelastic solution. 3.根据权利要求1所述的粘弹表面活性剂溶液的制备方法,其特征在于,Gemini阳离子表面活性剂与十二酸钠复配,摩尔比为1:0.3时,该体系的零剪切粘度最大,随后十二酸钠含量越高,零剪切粘度降低。 3. the preparation method of viscoelastic surfactant solution according to claim 1, is characterized in that, Gemini cationic surfactant is compounded with sodium dodecanoate, and when mol ratio is 1:0.3, the zero shear of this system Viscosity is greatest, followed by a decrease in zero-shear viscosity with higher sodium dodecanoate content. 4.根据权利要求1所述的粘弹表面活性剂溶液的制备方法,其特征在于,Gemini阳离子表面活性剂与十四酸钠及十六酸钠分别复配,十四酸钠及十六酸钠含量越高,零剪切粘度越高。 4. the preparation method of viscoelastic surfactant solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that, Gemini cationic surfactant is compounded with sodium myristate and sodium palmitate respectively, sodium myristate and palmitic acid The higher the sodium content, the higher the zero shear viscosity. 5.根据权利要求1所述的粘弹表面活性剂溶液的制备方法,其特征在于,Gemini阳离子表面活性剂与十二酸钠、十四酸钠及十六酸钠粘弹溶液体系的制备及使用温度区间控制在10~50℃。 5. the preparation method of viscoelastic surfactant solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the preparation of Gemini cationic surfactant and sodium dodecanoate, sodium myristate and sodium palmitate viscoelastic solution system and The use temperature range is controlled at 10-50°C.
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CN105367429A (en) * 2015-10-10 2016-03-02 江南大学 Ion liquid crystal constructed by a positive ion Gemini surface active agent containing multiple hydroxyl groups and preparation method
CN108097159A (en) * 2017-12-17 2018-06-01 江南大学 The viscoelastic system and preparation method that a kind of Gemini type cationic and anionic surfactant is constructed
CN113331218A (en) * 2021-05-19 2021-09-03 安徽达尔美生物科技有限公司 Household sterilizing disinfectant and preparation method thereof
CN114854390A (en) * 2022-04-14 2022-08-05 西南石油大学 A kind of polyhydroxy super-hydrophilic head group viscoelastic surfactant and its synthesis method

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