CN104634815B - A kind of method of simulation self-ignition of coal pile - Google Patents
A kind of method of simulation self-ignition of coal pile Download PDFInfo
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- CN104634815B CN104634815B CN201310564938.1A CN201310564938A CN104634815B CN 104634815 B CN104634815 B CN 104634815B CN 201310564938 A CN201310564938 A CN 201310564938A CN 104634815 B CN104634815 B CN 104634815B
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- oxygen
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of simulation self-ignition of coal pile, it is characterized in that, particle characteristics based on dump construct the structure of self-ignition of coal pile model using PFC3D as analog platform, by its thermal influence zone, self-ignition of coal pile oxidizing process and the change of thermal field in this process and energy transfer are simulated；Reaction using the flowing of nano sized particles simulation oxygen and its with coal, and the process is realized by FISH；Which comprises the steps：Dump model construction, the structure of oxygen flow model, thermal field and flow field analysis；The present invention can be used to have the dump of certain scale to carry out spontaneous combustion process analysis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Coal engineering, More particularly to Coal stacks the process point for causing chemical reaction to produce spontaneous combustion for a long time
Analysis.
Background technology
The reason for self-ignition of coal pile occurs is coal particle inside dump as specific surface area is occurred with the oxygen in air greatly
Oxidation reaction, releases heat, and when the heat that liberated heat is distributed more than external environment, dump starts accumulation of heat intensification；But
Start dump to heat up relatively slowly, after temperature reaches to a certain degree, the temperature rapid increase of dump, final dump start spontaneous combustion.By
In the complexity of the interaction and oxidation of coal reaction of dump external environment condition and dump porous media, the impact of self-ignition of coal pile because
The problems such as element and spontaneous combustion feature, is always the difficult point of self-ignition of coal pile preventing and treating.
PFC3D (3 Dimensions of Particle Flow Code in) is a of Itasca companies issue in 2008
High-end product, is particularly suitable for the research of complicated mechanism sex chromosome mosaicism.It is developed using explicit difference algorithm and discrete metatheory
Micro-/mesomechanics program, it is the basic mechanical characteristic from medium from the point of view of the fundamental particle structure of medium, and think to
Determine the change that fundamental characteristics of the medium under different stress conditions depends primarily on contact condition between particle, be suitable for research granular
The big displacement problem such as the rupture of aggregation and the flowing of rupture development problem and granule.Can be used in Rock And Soil engineering
A series of tradition such as research structure cracking, rockfill materials characteristic and stability, mine avalanche exploitation, side slope disintegration, blasting impact
The insoluble problem of numerical method.
Author has found that in research process of coal spontaneous combustion the existing simulation to self-ignition of coal pile is typically all set up in the progressive die
On the basis of type, this " discrete particle " attribute most basic with dump is differed farther out.Diffusion of the oxygen in dump cannot be simulated
Process, it is impossible to which, with a process for face contact form transmission, the control and simulation to oxidation reaction is also tired for analog temperature and energy
Difficult.It is using the peculiar granule stream attributes of PFC3D and its integrated thermal influence zone, and with FISH control oxidation reactions etc., right
Consider oxygen mobility status under, in Coal Self-ignition Process in dump thermal field change, energy transmission change and oxygen flowing change
It is simulated.
In addition, also numerical discretization, thermal conductivity and thermal resistance relation.
The model of dump sets up the modeling procedure using common PFC3D, according to PFC3D user's manual PROBLEM
SOLVING WITH PFC3DIn introduction, the general step of Geotechnical Problems numerical analysis is as shown in Figure 1.
For any modeling process, specifically include：The generation of granule, the setting of boundary condition and initial condition, choosing
Contact model and material properties, loading are selected, is resolved and model modification, interpretation of result.The country is few for pfc3d Modeling Research,
The particle stream realistic model step for setting up Tailings Dam model is given, as shown in Figure 2.
The technology of the present invention can solve the problem that the situation simulation being under fire to self-ignition of coal pile using PFC3D, can be to dump
Spontaneous combustion carries out effectively forecast and prevention, with important security implications.
The content of the invention
The heating power relation between coal particle is processed using the thermal influence zone of PFC3D；Simultaneously by the oxygen in air by than
Example is equivalent to granule, these granules is controlled using FISH, simulates mobility status of the oxygen in dump, and coal particle
Reflect the process for consuming oxygen with oxygen granule.
Oxygen in dump is simulated using PFC3D and is divided into three parts：1）Oxygen in air is equivalent to into granule in proportion,
2) mobility status of the oxygen in dump are simulated, 3) coal particle and oxygen particle reaction consume the process of oxygen.
Oxygen in air is equivalent to into the process of granule in proportion：Under standard state, 1mol gases=22.4L, so 1m3=
44.64mol。O2Concentration=44.64 × 21% × 32=0.3kg/m3, because model thickness 0.5m, if 1m2100 oxygen in gas model
Aerated particle, O2Granule density=0.3 × 0.5/100=0.0015kg/m2=0.0469mol/ m2.The density of oxygen relative atmospheric（Go
Fall buoyancy of the air to oxygen）For 3g/mol, each O2The relative mass of granule is 0.0469 × 3/1000=1.407 × 10- 4kg.In order to oxygen is fully spread in dump, if oxygen particle radius RO2=0.0001m, then density=1.407 × 10 of ball-4/(π
(Ro2)2)=4.48kg/m3。
Simulation flowing of the oxygen in dump is realized by FISH, first has to solve the oxygen granule within the calculating time
Continuity problem.The time started of calculating is illustrated in figure 1, oxygen granule is moved to dump direction with speed u after starting to calculate.
Ensure that the continuous method of oxygen granule is calculating move distance of the oxygen under u speed within each unit of account time, such as Fig. 1 is whole
On the right of individual regional model, boundry particle is moved through adding oxygen granule with normal concentration apart from interior, while deleting same distance in left margin
Oxygen granule.Certainly this time shorter this method is more accurate, but it is higher to calculate cost.
Darcy's law is obeyed in flowing of the oxygen in dump.Vertical direction and level side are resolved in flowing by oxygen in dump
To horizontal direction only considers wind action, and vertical direction considers the gravity of the buoyancy and granule of temperature change generation.Respectively as schemed
Formula shown in 11（1）With formula as shown in figure 12（2）.
Transport of the oxygen in dump is to make realization, the Boltzman transport equation Boltzmann formula as shown in figure 13 of oxygen by convection current and diffusion
（3）.
Coal particle consumes oxygen with oxygen particle reaction to be realized by FISH, it is assumed that the amount of coal is unlimited, in this mistake
Due to reaction in journey, oxygen granule is deleted according to certain condition.Assume that coal particle is less than or equal to R with oxygen particle exterior surface distanceO2
When, react and release heat.Cause local oxygen concentration to reduce after deleting oxygen granule, promote oxygen granule to produce motion.
The relevant parameter value that this example is used is as follows：
Gas constant Rs /(J·mol-1·K-1)=8.314；Air force viscosity coefficient/kg/ (ms)=1.8 × 10-5；Air diffusion coefficient D/m2/s=1.5×10-5；Activation energya /( J·mol-1)= 5×104；Coal heat conductivity λs /
(J·mol-1·K-1)=0.2；Thermal discharge Q/(Jmol-1)= 4.2×104；Dump osmotic coefficient k/m2=8×10-7；
The thermal linear expansion coefficient α/(K of coal-1)= 3.0×10-6；Specific heat at constant volume C of coalv/(J·kg-1·K-1)=1100.Model is in
Standard state.
Description of the drawings
The recommendation step of Fig. 1 ground numerical analyses.
The flow chart that Fig. 2 particle streams realistic model is set up.
The Temperature Distribution of dump and energy transfer figure during Fig. 3 20d.
Oxygen flow graph during Fig. 4 20d.
The Temperature Distribution of dump and energy transfer figure during Fig. 5 40d.
Oxygen flow graph during Fig. 6 40d.
The Temperature Distribution of dump and energy transfer figure during Fig. 7 60d.
Oxygen flow graph during Fig. 8 60d.
The Temperature Distribution of dump and energy transfer figure during Fig. 9 70d.
Oxygen flow graph during Figure 10 70d.
Figure 11 formula（1）.
Figure 12 formula（2）.
Figure 13 formula（3）.
Specific embodiment
To better illustrate the structure of self-ignition of coal pile model, first the operating mode of dump of illustrating is illustrated.The example is certain work
The dump of factory, the factory are needed using substantial amounts of coal in production process is carried out, and coal pile volume is larger.To avoid dump from stacking for a long time
The incidents of spontaneous combustion being likely to result in, my institute are analyzed the spontaneous combustion process and its preventive measure of the dump by factory's commission.For
The dump analysis is particularly well-suited to PFC3D.The data and field exploring provided according to manufacturer obtains relevant parameter and is：Dump top surface away from
Ground is high（Slope is high）10m, the long 8m of heap top level, heap bottom water put down long 20.5m.As hardware limitation and analysis are required, the width of model
Take 0.5m.The coefficient of friction on ground is 0.3, and the coefficient of friction of granule is 0.3, and the density of coal is 1400kg/m3, elastic modelling quantity and
Modulus of shearing is 3.5 × 108Pa, particle radius scope [0.05m, 0.075m], porosity 0.3, wind direction from right to left,u=20m/
h。
Model is computed the temperature field for taking 20d, 40d, 60d, 70d respectively, and energy transfer and oxygen mobility status are carried out point
Analysis.As shown in Fig. 3 ~ 10.
The temperature that the color in dump Temperature Distribution region is represented is white as below 300K, and more than 360K is red, centre
Represent be respectively from small to large brown, cyan, green, blueness, magenta, orange with a color every 10K；Yellow arrow in figure
Head line segment represents the flowing of energy, is vector, and length represents the size of energy, and direction represents the direction of energy transmission, the direction
It is by connecting key（bond）'s.Red point in oxygen flow graph is the oxygen granule of simulation.Black arrow line segment represents oxygen granule
Velocity.
As shown in figure 3, at the initial stage of calculating, coal contacts the slow oxidation reaction of generation with oxygen, discharges heat.Dump table
Face makes its temperature rising compare slow with the heat exchange of air；Although the oxygen of dump internal penetration is not enough, can still carry out
Oxidation reaction, and energy dissipation is slower, it is middle large-scale high-temperature region occur（Refer to the highest temperature zone at each moment）.Energy from
High temperature district center is migrated to the periphery, and high-temperature region central energy is non-migratory, and energy reaches maximum in the intersection of two warm areas.20d
When dump maximum temperature be 307.9K.As shown in Figure 4 during 20d flowing velocity of the oxygen in dump substantially with oxygen granule to coal
The horizontal range on the domatic border of heap is inversely proportional to.As the 0 ~ 6m of horizontal range for entering infiltration dump, the movement velocity of oxygen granule is relative
It is stable；After reaching 6 ~ 7m, the motion of oxygen granule is rambling, and the oxygen granule motion inside dump is faint, this speed per hour
The stable region of degree, mixed and disorderly area, faint area are without obvious boundary.
As shown in figure 5, occurring in that the humidity province higher than 320K, with compared with 3, temperature district center is depended on and is not changed.By
In the temperature accumulation of front 40d, dump internal temperature has risen, and exacerbates the oxidation reaction of inside, causes local oxygen concentration to drop
It is low, and then increased the amount of flow of the oxygen granule of horizontal direction.The horizontal direction oxygen of corresponding Fig. 5 high-temperature regions as shown in Figure 6
Grain flowing velocity increases, and " suction " to gas occurs and acts on.As the heat exchange that wind speed is produced is not enough to take away these heats,
The now change of temperature has spread to dump surface.Energy transfer basic law in dump is constant, simply green high-temperature region energy
Amount migration is little, and energy transfer mainly appears on brown area.Maximum temperature now is 322.8K.
As shown in fig. 7, development over time, the heat energy that the certain oxidation of dump inner accumulation is discharged, temperature
Rising further promoted oxidation reaction.At this moment as oxygen local concentration reduces the oxygen particle stream momentum for producing not inside dump
Be enough to maintain reaction, reaction center area, i.e. high-temperature region are to the domatic Boundary Moving of dump.As the lower boundary and left margin of model are
Areflexia energy, so heat can lose, cause to lower the temperature on the left of model.The migration of energy mainly appears on brown and cyan
Region.As shown in figure 8, as the buoyancy that high-temperature region temperature is produced rises air-flow, causing high-temperature horizontal direction to oxygen granule
" suction " effect strengthen, the oxygen Particle Velocity in the horizontal zone of high-temperature region to the domatic border of dump further increases
Greatly." suction " effect reduces the stable region of oxygen particle speed, mixed and disorderly area increases, faint area increases, and it is obvious that boundary becomes.Now
Maximum temperature 357.4K.
As shown in figure 9, high-temperature region occurs in that a range of red area, table further to the domatic Boundary Moving of dump
Bright dump starts spontaneous combustion.Now maximum temperature is 362.1K.Energy transfer occurs mainly in brown, cyan, green area.Such as Figure 10
Shown, " suction " effect now is further strengthened, and the oxygen granule in dump moves mixed and disorderly area and faint region further increases,
And boundary is obvious.
The use of PFC3D simulation self-ignition of coal pile is rational.Experimental result has certain correctness with other document contrasts, is
Simulation self-ignition of coal pile provides new method.
Claims (8)
1. it is a kind of simulation self-ignition of coal pile method, it is characterised in that based on the particle characteristics of dump use PFC3D as simulation put down
Platform builds self-ignition of coal pile model, by its thermal influence zone, simulation self-ignition of coal pile oxidizing process and thermal field in this process
Change and energy transfer；Reaction using the flowing of nano sized particles simulation oxygen and its with coal, and the process is realized by FISH；
Which comprises the steps：Dump model construction, the structure of oxygen flow model, thermal field and flow field analysis；Can be used to having a set pattern
The dump of mould carries out spontaneous combustion process analysis.
2. it is according to claim 1 simulation self-ignition of coal pile method, it is characterised in that using the thermo-mechanical Coupled matched moulds of PFC3D
Type processes the heating power relation between coal particle；The oxygen in air 21% is equivalent to into granule in proportion simultaneously, using FISH to this
A little granules are controlled, and simulate mobility status of the oxygen in dump, and coal particle consumes the process of oxygen with oxygen particle reaction.
3. it is according to claim 1 simulation self-ignition of coal pile method, it is characterised in that oxygen in dump is entered using PFC3D
Row simulation is divided into three parts：1) oxygen in air 21% is equivalent to into granule in proportion, 2) simulates flowing of the oxygen in dump
Situation, 3) coal particle and oxygen particle reaction consume the process of oxygen.
4. it is according to claim 1 simulation self-ignition of coal pile method, it is characterised in that the oxygen in air is equivalent in proportion
The process of granule：Under standard state, the volume of 1mol gases is 22.4L, so 1m3The amount of the material of gas is 44.64mol；O2It is dense
=44.64 × 21% × 32=0.3kg/m of degree3, because model thickness 0.5m, if 1m2There are 100 oxygen granules, O in gas model2
Granule density=0.3 × 0.5/100=0.0015kg/m2=0.0469mol/m2；Remove buoyancy of the air to oxygen, oxygen phase
It is 3g/mol, each O to the density of air2The relative mass of granule is 0.0469 × 3/1000=1.407 × 10-4kg；In order to
Oxygen is fully spread in dump, if oxygen particle radius
5. it is according to claim 1 simulation self-ignition of coal pile method, it is characterised in that simulation flowing of the oxygen in dump
It is to be realized by FISH, first has to solve the continuity problem of the oxygen granule within the calculating time；Oxygen granule after starting to calculate
Moved to dump direction with speed u；Ensure that the continuous method of oxygen granule is that oxygen is calculated within each unit of account time in u speed
Under move distance, apart from whole region model right margin be the move distance in the range of normal concentration addition oxygen
Grain, while the oxygen granule of same distance is deleted in left margin.
6. the method for simulation self-ignition of coal pile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that flowing in dump is decomposed by oxygen
Into vertically and horizontally, horizontal direction only considers wind action, vertical direction consider the buoyancy that temperature change produces and
The gravity of granule.
7. the method for simulation self-ignition of coal pile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that coal particle and oxygen particle reaction are consumed
Oxygen is realized by FISH, it is assumed that the amount of coal is unlimited, in this process due to reaction, deletes oxygen according to certain condition
Granule；Assume that coal particle is less than or equal to oxygen particle exterior surface distanceWhen, react and release heat；Delete oxygen
Cause local oxygen concentration to reduce after grain, promote oxygen granule to produce motion.
8. it is according to claim 1 simulation self-ignition of coal pile method, it is characterised in that the object of analysis be 20d, 40d,
The temperature field of 60d and 70d, energy transfer and oxygen mobility status.
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| CN105181744B (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-10-17 | 清华大学 | A kind of computational methods and the anti-spontaneous combustion monitoring system of coal yard of dump ignition phase |
| CN105631219B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-05-04 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of method that self-ignition of coal pile is prevented under wind speed change condition |
| CN106777903A (en) * | 2016-11-26 | 2017-05-31 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of spontaneous combustion of remaining coal influence factor importance determines method |
| CA3166555A1 (en) | 2020-02-04 | 2021-08-12 | Philipp Eßer | Method and device for automated operation of a plant for storing bulk material |
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