CN104633654A - Low-NOx combustion equipment and combustion method - Google Patents
Low-NOx combustion equipment and combustion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104633654A CN104633654A CN201510093427.5A CN201510093427A CN104633654A CN 104633654 A CN104633654 A CN 104633654A CN 201510093427 A CN201510093427 A CN 201510093427A CN 104633654 A CN104633654 A CN 104633654A
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Abstract
The invention provides low-NOx biomass combustion equipment and method. The low-NOx biomass combustion equipment comprises a combustion machine and a boiler, wherein the combustion machine is provided with a feeding hole, a hearth and a fire spraying hole, and the boiler is provided with a fire grate, a furnace door and a hearth; the combustion machine is horizontally arranged, a first air inlet is formed in the side of the feeding hole of the hearth of the combustion machine, a second air inlet is formed in the side of the fire spraying hole, and a third air inlet is formed in the side of the furnace door or the fire grate of the boiler; the directions of the first air inlet and the second air inlet are tangential directions of the hearth of the combustion machine. Aiming at the combustion properties of a biomass fuel and a clean combustion technique of biomasses, air fields, temperature fields, excess air coefficient and heating surface distribution in the furnace of the combustion machine are comprehensively and reasonably distributed, so that the emission of NOx can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the low NOX combustion apparatus of a kind of living beings and combustion method.
Background technology
The lower NOx combustion technology of living beings is exactly the object being reached clean discharge by the combustion system that fixed carbon after-flame, restraint NO X are formed.At home in open source literature, about the research of living beings lower NOx combustion technology, there are reports, such as: application number CN200410098604.0, publication number CN1789807, name are called the Chinese patent of " low NOx combustion apparatus of living beings and combustion method ".The device of this patent comprises: vertical shaft furnace, has flue outlet above it, the pyrolysis chamber that its inner chamber communicates bottom being divided into by dividing plate and combustion chamber, and the lower partition has the connected entrance being communicated with pyrolysis chamber and combustion chamber; Hopper is equipped with above pyrolysis chamber; Inclined grate and rotary slag discharge device is established successively in bottom, combustion chamber; The combustion zone be positioned in combustion chamber under pyrolysis chamber is divided into reducing zone and burning-out zone, reducing zone is on inclined grate, burning-out zone, under reducing zone, the furnace wall corresponding with inclined grate, reducing zone and burning-out zone is respectively equipped with First air import, secondary air inlet and tertiary air import; The method utilizes the reduction of anoxycausis and scorching hot coke to reduce NOx generation amount in combustion process, reduces the generation of pollutant while improving efficiency of combustion.Such equipment and method can not utilize existing steam generator system, and complex structure.
Summary of the invention
Structure of the present invention is simple, and can directly utilize existing steam generator system.The combustion apparatus of the technical solution used in the present invention, comprise combustor and boiler, described combustor comprises charging aperture, combustor burner hearth, bocca, described boiler comprises fire grate, fire door, boiler furnace, it is characterized in that, the horizontal layout of described combustor, the charging aperture side of described combustor burner hearth arranges the first air inlet, described bocca side arranges the second air inlet, and described Boiler Furnace reveal or described fire grate arrange the 3rd air inlet; The direction of described first air inlet, the second air inlet is the tangential of described combustor burner hearth.
Described combustor charging aperture arranges eddy flow material-spraying device.
Described charging aperture direction is the tangential of described combustor burner hearth.
Described first air inlet, the second air inlet and the 3rd air inlet are controlled by the controller that can control intake, and the oxygen of described controller needed for biomass fuel, temperature computation control actual intake.
The direction of described bocca is the tangential of the burner hearth of described combustor.
Described 3rd air inlet is arranged at boiler furnace sidewall, and the direction of described 3rd air inlet is the tangential of described boiler furnace.
Low NOx combustion method provided by the invention, comprises following steps:
Step one: obtain microparticle shaped fuel by after living beings drying, pulverizing, screening, gained living beings microparticle water content is reduced to less than 15%;
Step 2: step one gained living beings microparticle is sent into combustor burning through charging aperture;
Step 3: the first air inlet first time oxygen supply become eddy flow at combustor freeze profile of combustor charging aperture side, oxygen-supplying amount is 80% of fuel combustion oxygen demand, fuel carries out first stage cracking and formation first flame district of burning in richness material, anoxic atmosphere, controls this first flame district temperature at 400 DEG C--between 500 DEG C;
Step 4: in control combustion machine burner hearth, the temperature in the second flame district is at 500 DEG C--between 600 DEG C, form hypoxemia reducing zone, the NOx that reduction has generated;
Step 5: the second air inlet being arranged at combustor bocca side carries out second time oxygen supply, all the other 20% air that fuel combustion needs are inputted the second flame district end, under the effect of secondary oxygen-supplying combustion-supporting, the flame temperature that combustor is sprayed reaches 700 DEG C-800 DEG C;
Step 6: the second flame district flame sprays into boiler furnace from combustor bocca and carries out phase III burning, forms the 3rd flame district.
Step 7: blower fan carries out third time oxygen supply at Boiler door or fire grate place, combustion-supporting in the excess air input boiler furnace that fuel combustion is needed, in combustor, unburnt fixed carbon burns and complete after-flame in boiler furnace again, completes whole combustion process.
For raising the efficiency, the method that living beings microparticle is sent into combustor through charging aperture adopts the feeding of eddy flow material-spraying device.
For raising the efficiency, when the second flame district flame sprays into boiler furnace from combustor bocca, flame direction is the tangential of described combustor burner hearth.
Beneficial effect of the present invention.
To combustion zone NO
xformation, secondly two most important influence factors are oxygen and temperature, and the time of the ratio of fuel and air, oxygen-enriched combusting is to NO
xformation also have a great impact, therefore the ratio of conservative control fuel-air-temperature-time is control NO
xthe key factor formed.The present invention adopts stage burning mode to carry out the ratio of conservative control fuel-air-temperature-time by special-purpose assorted equipment, reaches and improves flue dust and NO in fuel availability, reduction flue gas
xthe object of content, clean discharge.The present invention adopts the mode of combustor bonded boiler, and can utilize existing steam generator system, improvement expenses is cheap.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is combustion apparatus structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is eddy flow material-spraying device structural representation of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The low NOx combustion problem of the living beings that the present invention relates to.The low NO of living beings
xcombustion technology system is exactly by fixed carbon after-flame, suppresses NO
xthe combustion system formed reaches the object of clean discharge.From combustion characteristics and the biomass clean combustion technology of biomass fuel, carry out arranging to the furnace air field, temperature field, excess air coefficient, heating surface distribution etc. of combustor comprehensively, reasonably.Biomass clean combustor all has strict considering to the selection of fuel, the temperature of combustion air, the oxygen-supplying amount in each stage flame district, combustion system.
(1) fuel is selected.Choose the microgranular biomass fuel of drying, pulverization process, require water content≤15%, particle diameter≤3mm, because powdered substance surface area ratio is large, moisture content is low, in anoxic atmosphere 300 DEG C--when 400 DEG C, fugitive constituent still can be separated out in a large number and burn; Can be controlled by classification method for supplying oxygen when employing half cracking, cyclone suspension mode are burnt and the furnace air field of layout combustor, temperature field, this is that the biomass fuel of other shapes cannot be accomplished.
(2) combustion air.Low NO
xthe combustion air temperature of swirl flow combustion machine need use normal temperature air.Although recovery boiler tail gas can improve in-furnace temperature as combustion air, save fuel, also likely increase NO
xdischarge, have data to show, in biomass combustion process, when the temperature of combustion air is preheating to 315 DEG C from 27 DEG C, NO
xdischarge capacity increases by 3 times.
(3) combustion system.Low NO
xswirl flow combustion machine adopts the combustion system of classification oxygen supply, stage burning, anoxic cracking, high temperature after-flame, is reached improve flue dust and NO in fuel availability, reduction flue gas by conservative control fuel-air-temperature-time
xthe object of content.
In living beings low NOx combusting technology system, burner is key link wherein.The low NO of living beings
xswirl flow combustion machine adopts Automated condtrol in a large number, feed and each level air-distribution of combustor all adopt frequency conversion control technique, the character of based on fuel and operating mode can adjust at any time, control feeding coal and oxygen-supplying amount, adjustment Ge Yan district temperature and the flame time of staying, thus suppress NO
xformation and the established NO that reduces
x.
The low NO of living beings
xthe precondition of burning is that fuel must carry out pretreatment, makes it adapt to the combustion requirements of burner.Low NO of the present invention
xcombustion technology system selects microparticle shape living beings as fuel, by after the physical method drying such as the tree root tip, stalk, sawdust, rice husk, peanut shell, Cassava stalk, pulverizing, screening as microparticle shaped fuel, make its particle diameter≤3mm, water content is reduced to less than 15%.Because the micronization processes of fuel makes its physical arrangement change greatly, combustion characteristics and pollutant emission characteristic improve significantly.Along with fuel particle particle diameter reduces, its surface area significantly increases, and can provide larger combustion reaction area, can solve fuel length drying time, insufficient, that boiler output is not enough, dust content is large problem of burning in the direct combustion process of living beings.But because the combustion system of biomass fuel (comprising compressed fuel) in common coal-burning boiler is grate firing---half cracking burning, need to carry out in high-temperature oxygen-enriched atmosphere, and in high-temperature oxygen-enriched atmosphere, the nitrogen in fuel is separated out rear rapid oxidation and is formed NO
x, go out in air to cause environmental pollution by fume emission, therefore suppress the formation of NOx to be the key link that biomass clean burns.
To combustion zone NO
xformation, secondly two most important influence factors are oxygen and temperature, and the time of the ratio of fuel and air, oxygen-enriched combusting is to NO
xformation also have a great impact, therefore the ratio of conservative control fuel-air-temperature-time is control NO
xthe key factor formed, obvious biomass fuel (comprising compressed fuel) is difficult to accomplish in ordinary combustion machine and plain cylindrical furnace.
Living beings low NOx combustion adopts stage burning mode to carry out the ratio of conservative control fuel-air-temperature-time by special-purpose assorted equipment, reaches and improves flue dust and NO in fuel availability, reduction flue gas
xthe object of content, clean discharge.
(1) first stage biomass fuel in burner stove tank with 400 DEG C--500 DEG C of low temperature pyrolyzers, burn in anoxic atmosphere.Fired state in this combustion zone carries out under fuel enrichment, oxygen-deficient operating mode, and because oxygen is not enough, flame temperature is lower, NCH and NH that the nitrogen of separating out in fuel generates
3react form NO Deng the oxygen be difficult to air
x, NO
xgenerate just less.
(2) second stage has entered the fugitive constituent of biomass fuel in burner stove tank last after-flame in first stage cracking burning and fixed carbon with 500 DEG C--and in 600 DEG C, temperature burns away in anoxic atmosphere, and flame reduces the NO generated in oxygen debt atmosphere
xfor N
2, suitably supplement air at second stage burning tip, the NOx decomposition combustion in high temperature, sufficient oxygen atmosphere making the fuel gas in flame, carbon granule and generated, temperature is 700 DEG C--800 DEG C.
(3) phase III supplements excess air in boiler furnace, and make flame carry out phase III burning under high-temperature oxygen-enriched atmosphere, temperature is 900 DEG C--and 1000 DEG C.In second stage burning, still unburnt carbon granule after-flame completes combustion process.Although still can NO be generated in this stage burning process
xbut, because flame compole when burner hearth combustion is short, restriction NO
xgenerate, its result is just the reduction of NO
xdischarge capacity.
Illustrate that the specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, biomass fuel enters the combustor 4 of horizontal layout from charging aperture 1.Start to use igniter to light a fire in charging aperture source, after normal combustion, fuel enters in combustor and namely can burn, without the need to lighting a fire separately again.Adopt the mode of eddy flow to make combustion even, and the disturbance of eddy flow makes combustion instability, thus reduce the formation of NOx.For forming eddy flow, arrange eddy flow material-spraying device 2 at charging aperture place, its direction rotated as illustrated by the arrows in fig. 1.The structure of eddy flow material-spraying device 2 is as Fig. 2.Optional scheme is that the direction of charging aperture is set to the tangential of combustor burner hearth in addition, and arranges injector at charging aperture place, and fuel, from charging aperture tangentially spraying into along combustor burner hearth, forms eddy flow.This direction is identical with direction when adopting the scheme of eddy flow material-spraying device 2.
The charging aperture side of combustor is provided with the first air inlet, and its direction is the tangential of combustor burner hearth, and identical with the direction of rotation of eddy flow material-spraying device 2.Blow at the first air inlet 3, carry out first time oxygen supply and become eddy flow at combustor freeze profile, oxygen-supplying amount is 80% of fuel combustion oxygen demand, and fuel carries out first stage cracking and formation first flame district 9 of burning in richness material, anoxic atmosphere, and this first flame district temperature is at 400 DEG C--between 500 DEG C.Due to cold and oxygen deficient, the N separated out in fuel is converted into NO
xdegree extremely low.
The flame in this first flame district enters second stage burning under wind action in cyclone suspension mode in first time, becomes the second flame district 8 at combustor freeze profile.Because the burning of the first flame district has exhausted a large amount of oxygen, the second flame district carries out imperfect combustion in degree of depth anoxic atmosphere, and temperature is at 500 DEG C--between 600 DEG C, form hypoxemia reducing zone, the NOx that reduction has generated.Carry out second time oxygen supply at the second air inlet 7 of combustor bocca side, all the other 20% air that fuel combustion needs are inputted the second flame district end, under the effect of second time oxygen-supplying combustion-supporting, reach 700 DEG C-800 DEG C from the flame temperature of combustor ejection.This second air inlet 7 arrange identical with the direction of the first air inlet 3, from this second air inlet 7 spray wind except oxygen supply, also continue the eddy flow in combustor is continued.
Second flame district flame sprays into boiler furnace from combustor bocca 5 and carries out phase III burning, forms the 3rd flame district.The 3rd air inlet 6 being arranged on Boiler door or fire grate place carries out third time oxygen supply, combustion-supporting in the excess air input boiler furnace that fuel combustion is needed, in combustor, unburnt fixed carbon burns and complete after-flame in boiler furnace again, completes whole combustion process.3rd flame district temperature is at 900 DEG C--between 1000 DEG C, still can generate a small amount of NOx in combustion, the temperature in this flame district and NOx generation amount and excess air coefficient exponent function relation, excess air coefficient is low, then flame temperature raises, NOx generation amount is low, then flame temperature reduces excess air coefficient height, NOx generation amount is high, and excess air coefficient controls by third time air distribution.
Because the cracking of fuel and burning are carried out substantially in combustor, the alkali metal in fuel and chlorine melt coking process all to be completed in combustor burner hearth, can not coking in boiler furnace, does not affect boiler convection tube and drum.
Claims (10)
1. a living beings low NOx combustion equipment, comprise combustor and boiler, described combustor comprises charging aperture, combustor burner hearth, bocca, described boiler comprises fire grate, fire door, boiler furnace, it is characterized in that, the horizontal layout of described combustor, the charging aperture side of described combustor burner hearth arranges the first air inlet, described bocca side arranges the second air inlet, and described Boiler Furnace reveal or described fire grate arrange the 3rd air inlet; The direction of described first air inlet, the second air inlet is the tangential of described combustor burner hearth.
2. combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described combustor charging aperture arranges eddy flow material-spraying device.
3. combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described charging aperture direction is the tangential of described combustor burner hearth.
4. the combustion apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, described first air inlet, the second air inlet and the 3rd air inlet are controlled by the controller that can control intake, and the oxygen of described controller needed for biomass fuel, temperature computation control actual intake.
5. the combustion apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, the direction of described bocca is the tangential of the burner hearth of described combustor.
6. combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the direction of described bocca is the tangential of the burner hearth of described combustor.
7. combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described 3rd air inlet is arranged at boiler furnace sidewall, and the direction of described 3rd air inlet is the tangential of described boiler furnace.
8. use a living beings low NOx combustion method for the combustion apparatus described in claim 1, comprise following steps:
Step one: obtain microparticle shaped fuel by after living beings drying, pulverizing, screening, gained living beings microparticle water content is reduced to less than 15%;
Step 2: step one gained living beings microparticle is sent into combustor burning through charging aperture;
Step 3: the first air inlet first time oxygen supply become eddy flow at combustor freeze profile of combustor charging aperture side, oxygen-supplying amount is within 80% of fuel combustion oxygen demand, fuel carries out first stage cracking and formation first flame district of burning in richness material, anoxic atmosphere, controls this first flame district temperature between 400 DEG C-500 DEG C;
Step 4: in control combustion machine burner hearth, the temperature in the second flame district is at 500 DEG C--between 600 DEG C, form hypoxemia reducing zone, the NOx that reduction has generated;
Step 5: the second air inlet being arranged at combustor bocca side carries out second time oxygen supply, all the other 20% air that fuel combustion needs are inputted the second flame district end, under the effect of secondary oxygen-supplying combustion-supporting, the flame temperature that combustor is sprayed reaches 700 DEG C-800 DEG C;
Step 6: the second flame district flame sprays into boiler furnace from combustor bocca and carries out phase III burning, forms the 3rd flame district;
Step 7: blower fan carries out third time oxygen supply at Boiler door or fire grate place, combustion-supporting in the excess air input boiler furnace that fuel combustion is needed, in combustor, unburnt fixed carbon burns and complete after-flame in boiler furnace again, completes whole combustion process.
9. living beings low NOx combustion method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the method that living beings microparticle is sent into combustor through charging aperture adopts the feeding of eddy flow material-spraying device.
10. living beings low NOx combustion method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, when the second flame district flame sprays into boiler furnace from combustor bocca, flame direction is the tangential of described combustor burner hearth.
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| CN201510093427.5A CN104633654A (en) | 2015-03-02 | 2015-03-02 | Low-NOx combustion equipment and combustion method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109097153A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2018-12-28 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of method of NO discharge amount during control biomass combustion |
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- 2015-03-02 CN CN201510093427.5A patent/CN104633654A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109097153A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2018-12-28 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of method of NO discharge amount during control biomass combustion |
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Application publication date: 20150520 |