CN104631397B - The three-dimensional air entraining facilities of waterproof wing that a kind of side aerator is preposition - Google Patents
The three-dimensional air entraining facilities of waterproof wing that a kind of side aerator is preposition Download PDFInfo
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- CN104631397B CN104631397B CN201510102536.9A CN201510102536A CN104631397B CN 104631397 B CN104631397 B CN 104631397B CN 201510102536 A CN201510102536 A CN 201510102536A CN 104631397 B CN104631397 B CN 104631397B
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- aerator
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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Abstract
The invention discloses the three-dimensional air entraining facilities of the preposition waterproof wing of a kind of side aerator. Base plate and side wall at outlet structure escape works arrange respectively on the three-dimensional air entraining facilities basis of end aerator and side aerator, by by upstream preposition this simple shape adjustment of side aerator, make the tail position of side aerated cavity be positioned at all the time the upstream of end aerated cavity, reach the object that the harm of deduction and exemption water wing occurs, avoid the flow fluctuation that causes because of water wing and the structural vibration of building, improve the cavitation corrosion preventing effectiveness of air entraining facilities simultaneously, thereby obtained good utilization in the design and running in Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering outlet structure escape works.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preposition waterproof wing of a kind of side aerator in Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering outlet structure escape works novelThree-dimensional air entraining facilities, is mainly used in meeting under the prerequisite of certain aeration effect, and containment water wing occurs, deduction and exemptionThe harm of water wing, meets the needs such as engineering safety.
Background technology
Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering usually needs by the outlet structure escape works such as flood discharging tunnel, spillway, realize reservoir area andThe current of downstream river course are connected and flood is led off. In recent years along with Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering construction technique constantlyDevelopment, the high-velocity flow problem that the characteristics such as high dam, large discharge cause outlet structure escape works especially cavitation and cavitation erosion is askedInscribe increasingly outstandingly, become gradually the whole hydroelectric project of harm safety and stable a great problem. At present in engineeringMainly to realize artificial strong by air entraining facilities is set on outlet structure escape works to the solution of the problems referred to aboveThereby urgent aeration is avoided the generation of cavitation erosion. Usual earlier arranges air entraining facilities on outlet structure escape works base plate,Engineering practice proves that air entraining facilities is the effective measures of avoiding cavitation erosion. But, calendar year 2001s two power station, beachNo. 1 flood discharging tunnel is experiencing 1843.77 hours, approximately 15,200,000,000 m3After the long-time large discharge operation of/s flow,After flood, check that abutment wall and the base plate found within the scope of approximately 400 meters, aerator downstream, No. 1 No. 2, hole have all suffered sternlyHeavy cavitation erosion, abutment wall and underplate concrete are all peeled off, basement rock exposes, have in addition more than 300 meter of abutment wall andBase plate is worn and torn, and the local punching hole degree of depth reaches 19 meters. By analysis, only at outlet structure escape works base plate, aeration is setFacility can't ensure to avoid cavitation erosion completely, when outlet structure escape works base plate arranges air entraining facilitiesIt is necessary on side wall, setting up air entraining facilities. In two No. 1, power station, beach flood discharging tunnel reparations, on side wall, set upAir entraining facilities, has avoided the generation again of cavitation erosion. Therefore, in base plate and the side of large-scale outlet structure escape worksWall arranges air entraining facilities (being referred to as three-dimensional air entraining facilities) simultaneously and has formed common recognition in the industry.
But three-dimensional air entraining facilities easily causes water wing, water wing is raised water surface curve and may be altered to flood discharging tunnel holeTop, thus or cross abutment wall and impact the safety of structure foundation threat total and stablize. Therefore, forHow the structural design of three-dimensional air entraining facilities, control and to avoid water wing to send out in ensureing abundant aeration effectRaw, be the Focal point and difficult point problem that current designer needs solution badly.
Summary of the invention
Conventional three-dimensional air entraining facilities is by end aerator (channel base plate drop suddenly the bank that falls forming) and side aerationBank (sudden expansion that the sudden enlargement of channel abutment wall forms) composition, and base plate drop is arranged on same with side wall sudden expansionSection. High-velocity flow produces end cavity and side cavity at downstream base plate and side wall after three-dimensional air entraining facilities,, reach to aeration in current and let out with deduction and exemption continuously to air feed in cavity by custom-designed ventilating systemWater buildings generation cavitation destruction. Wherein, LdFor end cavity length, LcFor side cavity length. When penetratingWhen stream base plate rum point is positioned at the upstream of jet side wall rum point, meet formula (1):
Lc>Ld(1)
Now, the backward upper bounce-back of impinging jet base plate, goes out the water surface along the splash of side cavity, forms water wing.
The present invention proposes the three-dimensional air entraining facilities of the preposition waterproof wing of a kind of side aerator, and its version comprises:End aerator, upstream preposition expansion type side aerator, current form end cavity and side after aeratorCavity, LdFor end cavity length, LcFor side cavity length, LfThe distance retreating for side aerator. Its featureBe: arrange respectively on the basis of end aerator and side aerator at traditional outlet structure escape works base plate and side wall,By side aerator position is upstream moved by traditional place concordant with end aerator, thereby make side cavityTail position is positioned at the upstream of end aerated cavity all the time, even if jet side wall rum point hits at jet base plate all the timeHit upstream a little, the generation of deduction and exemption water wing harm.
Expansion type side aerator in conventional three-dimensional air entraining facilities, itself and end aerator are in same section. ?In the present invention, former side aerator upstream direction is moved, displacement is Lf, form preposition expansion type sideAerator. Now side aeration chamber starting point and end cavity starting point be at same section, but upstream moved Lf，Side cavity length L simultaneouslycSubstantially constant, side integral hollow is upstream translation thereupon, jet and side wall rum pointAlso upstream move, displacement is also L thereuponf. If avoid water wing to occur, require jet base plate rum pointIn the upstream of jet side wall rum point, meet formula (2):
Lc-Lf<Ld(2)
Now, impinging jet does not have available side cavity upwards to alter and spatter after base plate, and water wing is avoided.Therefore, the present invention can significantly optimize outlet structure escape works fluidised form, avoids the structural vibration of flow fluctuation and building,Improve the cavitation corrosion preventing effectiveness of air entraining facilities simultaneously.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) structural configuration is simple;
(2) deduction and exemption water wing effect is remarkable;
(3) optimize outlet structure escape works flow-shape, avoid flow fluctuation;
(4) structural vibration and the destruction of current to abutment wall of control building,
(5) the cavitation corrosion preventing effectiveness of raising air entraining facilities.
The present invention is very for the cavitation corrosion control of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering outlet structure escape works and the safe operation of engineeringImportant. The present invention makes every effort to change by simple structural style, thereby reaches deduction and exemption by side direction air entraining facilitiesThe object of the water wing harm causing. This invention is simple for structure, and validity has also obtained verification experimental verification,Can meet under the prerequisite of the required aeration effect of engineering, the generation of deduction and exemption water wing harm, final guarantee sluicesThe safety of fabric structure and stable.
Object of the present invention, advantage and disadvantage, will be undertaken by the non-limitative illustration of preferential embodiment belowDiagram and explanation, these embodiment only provide as an example with reference to accompanying drawing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional expansion type side aerator geometric parameter schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional air entraining facilities geometric parameter of the preposition waterproof wing of side bank of the present invention schematic diagram.
In figure: (1) represents end aerator, (2) represent expansion type side aerator, and (3) represent end cavity, (4)Represent side cavity, (5) represent jet base plate rum point, and (6) represent jet side wall rum point, (7) representativePreposition expansion type side aerator, LdFor end cavity length, LcFor side cavity length, LfFor side bank retreatsDistance, trlFor expansion type side bank height.
Fig. 3 is the experiment photo of engineering construction example 1 scheme 1 in the time that upper pond level is 785m.
Fig. 4 is the experiment photo of engineering construction example 1 scheme 2 in the time that upper pond level is 785m.
Fig. 5 is the experiment photo of engineering construction example 1 scheme 3 in the time that upper pond level is 785m.
Fig. 6 is the experiment photo of engineering construction example 1 scheme 1 in the time that upper pond level is 805m.
Fig. 7 is the experiment photo of engineering construction example 1 scheme 2 in the time that upper pond level is 805m.
Fig. 8 is the experiment photo of engineering construction example 1 scheme 3 in the time that upper pond level is 805m.
Detailed description of the invention
The three-dimensional air entraining facilities of waterproof wing that a kind of side aerator of the present invention is preposition, sluices and builds in traditionBuild thing base plate and side wall and arrange respectively on the basis of end aerator and side aerator, by by side aerator positionUpstream moved by traditional place concordant with end aerator, thereby make the tail position of side cavity be positioned at all the time the endThe upstream of aerated cavity, even if jet side wall rum point, all the time in the upstream of jet base plate rum point, is reduced or remitted waterThe generation of wing harm.
The three-dimensional air entraining facilities of one of the present invention, its layout drawing, with reference to Fig. 2, comprising: end aerator 1,Upstream preposition expansion type side aerator 7, current form end cavity 3 and side cavity 4 after aerator,LdFor end cavity length, LcFor side cavity length, LfThe distance retreating for side aerator. Conventional three-dimensional aerationFacility (seeing Fig. 1) side aerator 2 is positioned at same section with end aerator 1, by it upstream in the present inventionMobile (preposition), is shown in 7 in Fig. 2.
If avoid water wing to occur, require the upstream of jet base plate rum point 5 at jet side wall rum point 6. CauseThis, the distance L that side aerator upstream movesfBe required to meet formula (2):
Lc-Lf<Ld(2)
This invention is on the basis of conventional three-dimensional air entraining facilities structure, preposition by side aerator, effectively subtractsExempted from the generation of water wing, optimized the flow-shape after outlet structure escape works aerator, avoided flow fluctuation andThe structural vibration of building has improved the cavitation corrosion preventing effectiveness of air entraining facilities simultaneously.
Below in conjunction with an engineering construction example, the present invention is made to more detailed explanation.
No. 3, white crane beach flood discharging tunnel is made up of fall rear and energy dissipation below spillway section of entrance gate section, gentle slope section, dragon,Prototype is long is 2170.00m, and import is short pressure intake, regulating gate size 15.00m × 9.50m (wide ×High), elevation 770.00m at the bottom of import, outlet elevation is 650.00m, the dragon rear gradient that falls is 1:4.0, settingAt the bottom of 4 roads, the three-dimensional air entraining facilities of aerator plus side aerator carries out air mixing corrosion reducing. First air entraining facilities is apart from dragonHorizontal range and the vertical range at the tail starting point that falls place are respectively 78.87m and 12.30m. In former design, everyThe end aerator of road air entraining facilities and side aerator are all positioned on same section, in running, due to sideAerated cavity and end cavity do not mate, and cause always producing water wing to a certain degree after air entraining facilities, existSerious potential safety hazard.
The each characteristic level of water of engineering is, level of dead water: 765.00m; Normal pool level: 825.00m; Design floodPosition: 827.83m; Check flood level: 832.34m; Flood control: 785.00m.
The present embodiment carries out according to above-mentioned flood discharging tunnel arrangement form and physical dimension design 1:40 guide physical modelAir mixing corrosion reducing test, under identical inlet flow conditions, only changes the dragon rear first air entraining facilities side aerator that fallsPosition, by studying corresponding water wing characteristic, verify validity of the present invention.
In above-mentioned model, upstream move not by the side aerator of rear first air entraining facilities that dragon is fallenSame distance LfThereby, designed scheme 1, scheme 2 and scheme 3. Scheme 1 adopts conventional three-dimensional aeration to establishExecute version, side aerator and end aerator are arranged on same section; Scheme 2 and scheme 3 existKeep under prerequisite that other shape parameters are constant, by side aerator, upstream mobile 0.8m and 1.6m be (respectively Lf1＝0m，Lf2＝0.8m，Lf3=1.6m). The high t of side bank bank of scheme 1, scheme 2 and scheme 3rlBe 0.35m.Experiment obtains the prototype water wing of scheme 1, scheme 2 and scheme 3 in the time that upstream reservoir level is 785m and 805mHighly, length data is as shown in table 1, its corresponding fluidised form photo as shown in Fig. 3-8, oval marks place in figureFor the water wing producing.
Table 1
Can be obtained by table 1, in the time that upstream reservoir level is 785m and 805m, the water wing height of scheme 1 is respectively2.4m and 2m, water wing length is respectively 26.4m and 21.6m, much larger than scheme 2 under same inlet flow conditionsCorresponding water wing height 1.2m and 0.8m, and water wing length 15.2m and 12.0m; And scheme 3 is in upstreamWhen being 785m and 805m, water level all there is not water wing. Scheme 1,2 in comparison diagram 3-8,3 at identical incoming flowThe corresponding fluidised form of condition, also can obtain similar answer, and it is suitable upstream to retreat by side aeratorDistance, can effectively reduce water wing size, even make it disappear completely. Embodiment mono-proves, the present inventionCan effectively reduce or remit the generation of water wing, optimize flow-shape, thereby avoid the flow fluctuation of building and structure to shakeMoving, the cavitation corrosion preventing effectiveness of raising air entraining facilities, ensures the safety of engineering and stablizes.
Claims (2)
1. the three-dimensional air entraining facilities of the preposition waterproof wing of side aerator, comprising: end aerator, upstream beforeThe expansion type side aerator of putting, current form end cavity and side cavity after aerator, it is characterized in that:Arrange respectively on the basis of end aerator and side aerator at traditional outlet structure escape works base plate and side wall, by inciting somebody to actionSide aerator position is upstream moved by traditional place concordant with end aerator, thereby makes the tail bit of side cavityPut the upstream that is positioned at all the time end aerated cavity, even if jet side wall rum point is all the time at jet base plate rum pointUpstream.
2. the preposition three-dimensional air entraining facilities of waterproof wing of a kind of side aerator according to claim 1, its spyLevy and be: described end cavity, side cavity, the distance that side aerator retreats meets following formula
Lc-Lf<Ld
In formula: LdFor end cavity length, LcFor side cavity length, LfThe distance retreating for side aerator.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510102536.9A CN104631397B (en) | 2015-03-09 | 2015-03-09 | The three-dimensional air entraining facilities of waterproof wing that a kind of side aerator is preposition |
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| CN201510102536.9A CN104631397B (en) | 2015-03-09 | 2015-03-09 | The three-dimensional air entraining facilities of waterproof wing that a kind of side aerator is preposition |
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| CN110424343B (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2021-01-05 | 四川大学 | Swirl shaft flood discharge tunnel with volute chamber aeration ridge |
| CN110273406B (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-03-30 | 重庆交通大学 | Three-dimensional full-section side diffusion aerator |
| CN111877277B (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-03-11 | 四川大学 | Radial gate aeration structure with side wall impact rebound low-pressure area suddenly expanding and falling |
| CN113718727B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-09-16 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Sudden expansion and falling sill absorption basin suitable for large single wide discharge of high water head |
| CN116043787B (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-06-30 | 中国水利水电第四工程局有限公司 | Anti-seismic and anti-slip multilayer sluice structure |
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| RU2131494C1 (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1999-06-10 | Акционерное общество Красноярский проектно-изыскательский институт "Гидропроект" | Spillway works |
| CN104195997B (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2016-08-17 | 四川大学 | A kind of aeration ramp arrangement being applicable to high water head flood discharging tunnel |
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