CN104630613B - Enhanced base steel material of alumina composite ceramic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Enhanced base steel material of alumina composite ceramic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104630613B CN104630613B CN201510083037.XA CN201510083037A CN104630613B CN 104630613 B CN104630613 B CN 104630613B CN 201510083037 A CN201510083037 A CN 201510083037A CN 104630613 B CN104630613 B CN 104630613B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
Abstract
The invention discloses the enhanced base steel material of alumina composite ceramic, the composite ceramics mainly includes Al2O3, in addition to kyanite, rutile, feldspar, mullite and quartz;The composite ceramics is uniformly distributed in base steel material.Its preparation method is:First, the raw material of the steel configured in mass ratio is added into smelting furnace, heating;Then, the powder that will mix the composite ceramics of drying adds smelting furnace;Treat that ceramic powders and molten steel are completely melt, you can casting tapping.Using above-mentioned technical proposal, cost is significantly reduced;Therefore, high abrasion, anti-corrosion use steel overall manufacturing cost are reduced;The overall reinforcing of material is realized, wearability and corrosion resistance is improved;Operating procedure is simple, it is easy to industrially popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite.More particularly it relates to which alumina composite ceramic is enhanced
Base steel material.In addition, the invention further relates to the preparation method of the base steel material.
Background technology
Abrasion is one of main damage form of material, and the economic loss that it is caused is quite surprising, and China is annual because of abrasion
The steel of consumption reach millions of tons.Ceramic material has the premium properties such as heat-resisting, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant.Ceramic material reinforcing gold
Belong to material turns into the focus of research.
In the prior art, being related to the scheme of ceramic enhanced metal material has following Chinese patent literature:
CN101181741A:Using industrial Ti-Fe powder and B4C powder is mixed after pressed compact according to a certain percentage as reactant
It is placed in casting, by forming Ti in metal from climing combustion reaction2B, TiC ceramics enhancing particle, reach the purpose of reinforced metal;
CN101195888A:Ti, Cr, C powder are added in casting with above-mentioned same method, obtained (Ti, Cr) C,
Cr7C3For the base steel composite material of ceramic strengthening phase;
CN101214541A:Using Ni, Ti and B4C briquetting preparations Ti2The manganese steel of B, TiC ceramic granule partial reinforcing;
CN102366829A:Using varigrained Al2O3Particle strengthening improves the surface strength and wearability of steel.Using
Be cast(ing) surface add Al2O3Particl method.Due to Al2O3With steel Presence of an interface combination problem, it is strengthened effect and not reached
The purpose of anticipation.
Above-mentioned patented technology is substantially the preset briquetting that may occur from climing combustion reaction in casting pattern, is drawn by casting
Combustion reaction generation Ti2B, TiC etc. form hardening constituent on the surface of casting;Or ceramic particle is placed in mold cavity, pass through casting
Ceramic particle is distributed in the surface of workpiece, to reach the purpose of surface peening, but the overall reinforcing of material can not be realized.And
Occur in cast moulding film from climing combustion reaction, the reaction is difficult to control, and is easily caused a large amount of gases of releasing, can be caused the hole of casting
Increase, causes intensity to decline.
In addition, above-mentioned patented technology realizes that the used material of reinforcing is Ti, Cr, B4The C or Al for providing mesh number2O3Powder,
The cost of its material is higher.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides alumina composite ceramic enhanced base steel material, and the purpose is to improve the whole of steel at lower cost
Body intensity.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme taken of the present invention is:
The enhanced base steel material of alumina composite ceramic of the present invention, wherein, the composite ceramics mainly includes Al2O3;Also
Including kyanite, rutile and feldspar;Or, in addition to kyanite, rutile, feldspar, mullite and quartz;
The composite ceramics is uniformly distributed in base steel material.
The composite ceramics is with melting in powdered addition base steel material, and its powder size is 1 μm~20 μm.
By mass, the content of each composition is respectively in the base steel material:
Al2O3:0.5%~8%, kyanite:0.3%~2%, TiO2(rutile):1.0%~5%, feldspar:0.3%
~2%, mullite:0.2%~1%, quartz:0.5%~2%, C:0.05%~0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02%;
Remaining is Fe.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of the enhanced base steel material of alumina composite ceramic described above, its technical scheme
It is:
First, the raw material of the steel configured in mass ratio is added into smelting furnace, heating;Then, the composite ceramic of drying will be mixed
The powder of porcelain adds smelting furnace;Treat that ceramic powders and molten steel are completely melt, you can casting tapping.
The base steel material is smelted using intermediate frequency furnace.
The preparation technology of the composite ceramics is:
Example is configured to ceramic material in mass ratio, after the ceramic material mixing 1h~6h configured, drying, is formed described multiple
Close the powder of ceramics.
The raw material of the steel is steel scrap.
The enhanced base steel material of the alumina composite ceramic is as cast condition;Or be forging state;Or be rolled.
The present invention uses above-mentioned technical proposal, and its advantage is:
1st, the raw material used in the composite ceramics base steel material of the present invention is prepared, is steel scrap and mineral ceramic raw material, Jun cities
It is readily available on, price is relatively low, compared with existing base steel composite material, significantly reduces cost of material;Therefore, reduce
High abrasion, anti-corrosion use steel overall manufacturing cost;
2nd, smelted using intermediate frequency furnace, ceramic material can be fully dissolved in steel matrix, realize the overall reinforcing of material;Material
Mechanical performance can reach:Yield strength 450MPa~900MPa, tensile strength 750MPa~1500MPa, the contraction percentage of area
15%~25%, elongation percentage 25%~35%;The hardness of material is 25~65HRC;Ballistic work is 50J~150J;Therefore, this hair
It is bright to provide a kind of high abrasion, anti-corrosion composite;
3rd, above-mentioned composite ceramics base steel material can be as cast condition, as-forged condition, rolled;The operative employee of above-mentioned preparation method
Skill is simple, low production cost, it is easy to industrially popularization and application.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the base steel material metallographic structure microphoto that composite ceramics content is 18% in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the base steel material metallographic structure microphoto that composite ceramics content is 10% in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by the description to embodiment, the embodiment to the present invention makees further details of
Illustrate, to help those skilled in the art to have more complete, accurate and deep reason to inventive concept of the invention, technical scheme
Solution.
The present invention relates to the technology for the intensity for strengthening steel with composite ceramic material.In order to realize overall raising at lower cost
The goal of the invention of steel strength, the technical scheme taken of the present invention is:
Composite ceramics of the present invention, with Al2O3Ceramic main, by add kyanite, rutile, feldspar, mullite and
Quartz etc., reduces Al2O3Fusing point;The base steel material is using steel scrap as raw material, using intermediate frequency (IF) smelting, will be multiple in fusion process
Close ceramic powder to add in steel smelting furnace, form the equally distributed ceramics-base steel composite material of composite ceramics, improve the resistance to of material
Corrosion resisting property is ground, and the overall reinforcing of material can be realized, and cost is relatively low.
Above-mentioned technical proposal, 1, solve and melt technical problem under ceramic material low temperature;2nd, ceramic proportion and gold are solved
Belong to proportion not etc. under state, ceramic material suspension;3rd, based on iron-based under ceramics as new steel grade multi-factor structure crystallization
Body;4th, the wearability and hardness of the brilliant special steel (PH steel) of member do not have direct relation;5th, the steel grade is solved to weld, forge and press, be tempered, quench
The material molding technologies such as fire;6th, product service condition under different work condition environments is met.
Particular technique parameter is respectively:
Composite ceramics required for smelting the enhanced base steel material of alumina composite ceramic is powdered, its powder size 1 μ
M~20 μm.
By mass, the content of each composition is respectively in the base steel material:
Al2O3:0.5%~8%, kyanite:0.3%~2%, TiO2(rutile):1.0%~5%, feldspar:0.3%
~2%, mullite:0.2%~1%, it is quartzy:0.5%~2%, C:0.05%~0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02%;
Remaining is Fe.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of the enhanced base steel material of alumina composite ceramic described above, its technical scheme
It is:
First, the raw material of the steel configured in mass ratio is added into smelting furnace, is heated to 500 DEG C~700 DEG C;Then, will be mixed
The powder for closing the composite ceramics of drying adds smelting furnace;Treat that ceramic powders and molten steel are completely melt, you can casting tapping.Ceramic powder
The temperature that end and molten steel are completely melt is 1600 DEG C~1700 DEG C, general desirable 1650 DEG C.
The composite ceramics base steel material is smelted using intermediate frequency furnace.
The preparation technology of the composite ceramics is:
Example is configured to ceramic material in mass ratio, after the ceramic material configured is mixed 1~6 hour, drying, forms described
The powder of composite ceramics.
The raw material of steel is steel scrap in the base steel material.
It is of the invention main using aluminosilicate raw ore stone flour materials such as domestic non-metal stupaliths, and waste metal material,
Melting is heated in middle frequency furnace, makes material in different temperatures stage chemical combination decomposition and crystallization.
In the range of 1650 DEG C of the effective temperature of middle frequency furnace, by ceramic material by melting decomposition and crystallization, decomposing again, again
The process of three decomposition and crystallizations of crystallization, forms ceramic dispersoid composite construction reinforced transformation, generates new steel grade material --- member
Brilliant special steel (PH steel).First crystalline substance special steel (PH steel) has also has higher toughness, height simultaneously while high intensity, high rigidity is ensured
Wearability, high-fire resistance energy, preferable corrosion resistance.
The process analysis of above-mentioned preparation method:
In melting ceramic material, part nonmetallic materials start to slowly escape through in temperature in 300 DEG C~800 DEG C stages
Liquid, overflows liquid and starts nodularization ceramic powders, forms the small block and sphere shape differed in size.The liquid of spilling has simultaneously
Catalytic metal material property, makes it obtain synchronous nodularization, thawing, decomposition with ceramic material, reaches extensive crystallization for the first time.
It is because the proportion difference of ceramic material and metal material, ceramic material produces suspension and effectively controlled just to put type crystallization purpose
System.This stage definitions crystallizes just to put type.
As temperature rises to 900 DEG C~1350 DEG C stages, primary crystallization is decomposed again, but without complete knot
It is brilliant.Liquid is mutually very thin, and impurity is assembled with the motion of molten steel to furnace wall in original ore powder material nonmetallic ceramics.Furnace wall it is solidifying
Compound is slowly decomposed with liquid steel temperature and molten steel motion.Solidifying compound also has the melting at high temperature of protection stove inner wall simultaneously
Infringement.The stage effectively can not decompose completely.This stage definitions decomposes the impurity phase for second.
As temperature rises to 1500 DEG C~1650 DEG C stages, the rising of liquid steel temperature and molten steel motion accelerate, also slowly
There is fine crystal state;When reaching 1650 DEG C of rated temperatures, microcrystalline state fast decoupled within a very short time.Decomposite
A small amount of impurity is formed in molten steel surface, and molten steel is very limpid, bright after cleaning impurity, thoroughly decomposes complete liquid body.During this
It is referred to as phase transformation decomposition and crystallization end period, forms the stable crystalline body of complete disperse composite construction reinforced transformation, referred to as
The decomposition and crystallization of three times.
The crystalline solid has unique performance, the advantages of metal material high rigidity, high intensity and ceramic material it is high resistance to
Mill and the anti-corrosion intensity and hardness for waiting excellent properties organically to combine, making the holding of its product high-temperature area higher, are not likely to produce tired
Labor crackle;There is resistance to corrosion to chemical substances such as common acid, alkali, salt simultaneously.Therefore with very strong adhesion, very high
Hardness and preferable stability at elevated temperature, have higher abrasion resistance, low coefficient of friction again.Here it is above-described member is brilliant
The performance that special steel (PH steel) possesses.
The enhanced base steel material of the alumina composite ceramic, can be as cast condition, forging state, rolled.With steel scrap and honest and clean
The ceramics of valency mineral prepare composite ceramics base steel material, the preparation method of this material be made of Medium frequency induction melting casting or
Ingot casting;Ingot casting can pass through forging or roll forming.The mechanical performance of this material can reach:
Yield strength 450MPa~900MPa, tensile strength 750MPa~1500MPa, the contraction percentage of area 15%~25%,
Elongation percentage 25%~35%;The hardness of material is 25HRC~65HRC;Ballistic work is 50J~150J.
Also there is following performance:
Fatigue crack is not likely to produce under temperature province state uneven in temperature;Corrosion resisting property:Mill amount loss reduce 5 times with
On;7 days non-corrodings are soaked in 5% hydrochloric acid;At 800 DEG C, its hardness number reaches highest, therefore, with excellent elevated temperature strength
With high temperature red hardness;The coefficient of expansion is low;Service life is more than 3~5 times of heat-resisting alloy steel of the prior art;Metallographic structure
Uniformly, it is fine and smooth, material property appearance and internally consistent.
Above-mentioned data and performance show that base steel material of the invention is a kind of high abrasion, anti-corrosion composite.Meanwhile,
With domestic general high-abrasive material ratio, it is practically free of, the precious metal such as tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, vanadium, copper, cobalt, is a kind of resources conservation
The high strength wear resistant material of type.
Above-mentioned composite ceramics base steel material, its element constitutive material by commercially available, be made through smelting casting technique,
Forging technology or rolling mill practice are known prior arts.Involved metallurgical equipment and technique is those skilled in the art institute
It is known.Therefore, the cost of technical scheme is lower than prior art.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are the metallographic structure microphoto for the base steel material that composite ceramics total content is 18% and 10% respectively.
Presented below is the implementation example of each composition different content of the present invention:
Embodiment 1, as cast condition shaping:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, be respectively:Al2O3:0.5%, aquamaine
Stone:0.3%th, TiO2(rutile):1.0%th, feldspar:0.3%th, mullite:0.2%th, it is quartzy:0.5%, C:0.05%th, S≤
0.02%th, P≤0.02% and Fe surpluses.
Embodiment 2, as cast condition shaping:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, be respectively:Al2O3:0.5%, aquamaine
Stone:0.35%th, TiO2(rutile):1.1%th, feldspar:0.4%th, mullite:0.4%th, it is quartzy:0.55%, C:0.06%th, S≤
0.02%th, P≤0.02% and Fe surpluses.
Embodiment 3, as cast condition shaping:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, be respectively:Al2O3:0.6%, aquamaine
Stone:0.35%th, TiO2(rutile):1.2%th, feldspar:0.35%th, mullite:0.3%th, it is quartzy:0.5%, C:0.06%th, S≤
0.02%th, P≤0.02% and Fe surpluses.
Embodiment 4, as cast condition shaping:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, be respectively:Al2O3:0.6%, aquamaine
Stone:0.3%th, TiO2(rutile):1.3%th, feldspar:0.4%th, mullite:0.2%th, it is quartzy:0.6%, C:0.07%th, S≤
0.02%th, P≤0.02% and Fe surpluses.
Above-described embodiment 1 is into embodiment 4, and composite ceramics base steel material is smelted using intermediate frequency furnace, is molded through as cast condition, its material
The mechanical performance of material is:Yield strength 450MPa, tensile strength 750MPa, the contraction percentage of area 13%, elongation percentage 7%;Material
Hardness is 25~35HRC;Ballistic work is 50J~70J.
Embodiment 5, forging molding:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, be respectively:Al2O3:4%, aquamaine
Stone:1%th, TiO2(rutile):3%th, feldspar:1%th, mullite:0.7%th, it is quartzy:1%, C:0.2%th, S≤0.02%, P≤
0.02% and Fe surpluses.
Embodiment 6, forging molding:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, be respectively:Al2O3:3.5%, aquamaine
Stone:1.1%th, TiO2(rutile):3%th, feldspar:1.1%th, mullite:0.69%th, it is quartzy:1%, C:0.25%th, S≤
0.02%th, P≤0.02% and Fe surpluses.
Embodiment 7, forging molding:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, be respectively:Al2O3:4%, aquamaine
Stone:0.9%th, TiO2(rutile):2.8%th, feldspar:1%th, mullite:0.68%th, it is quartzy:1.1%, C:0.15%th, S≤
0.02%th, P≤0.02% and Fe surpluses.
Embodiment 8, forging molding:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, be respectively:Al2O3:4.5%, aquamaine
Stone:1%th, TiO2(rutile):3.2%th, feldspar:0.9%th, mullite:0.71%th, it is quartzy:0.9%, C:0.2%th, S≤
0.02%th, P≤0.02% and Fe surpluses.
Above-described embodiment 5 is into embodiment 8, and composite ceramics base steel material is smelted using intermediate frequency furnace, forged shaping, its material
The mechanical performance of material is:Yield strength 650MPa, tensile strength 900MPa, the contraction percentage of area 25%, elongation percentage 25%;Material
Hardness is 56~60HRC;Ballistic work is 80J~100J.
Embodiment 9, forging rolling type:
The composition of composite ceramics base steel material by percentage to the quality, be respectively:Al2O3:8%, kyanite:2%th, TiO2
(rutile):3%~5%, feldspar:2%th, mullite:1%th, it is quartzy:2%, C:0.3%th, the and of S≤0.02%, P≤0.02%
Fe surpluses.
Embodiment 10, forging rolling type:
The composition of composite ceramics base steel material by percentage to the quality, be respectively:Al2O3:7.5%, kyanite:1.8%th,
TiO2(rutile):4%~5%, feldspar:2%th, mullite:1%th, it is quartzy:2%, C:0.3%th, S≤0.02%, P≤
0.02% and Fe surpluses.
Embodiment 11, forging rolling type:
The composition of composite ceramics base steel material by percentage to the quality, be respectively:Al2O3:7.8%, kyanite:1.9%th,
TiO2(rutile):3%~4%, feldspar:1.8%th, mullite:0.9%th, it is quartzy:2%, C:0.28%th, S≤0.02%, P≤
0.02% and Fe surpluses.
Embodiment 12, forging rolling type:
The composition of composite ceramics base steel material by percentage to the quality, be respectively:Al2O3:7.9%, kyanite:2%th,
TiO2(rutile):4%~5%, feldspar:1.8%th, mullite:1%th, it is quartzy:1.9%, C:0.29%th, S≤0.02%, P≤
0.02% and Fe surpluses.
Above-described embodiment 9 is into embodiment 12, and composite ceramics base steel material is through forging rolling type, the mechanical performance of its material
For:Yield strength 900MPa, tensile strength 1500MPa, the contraction percentage of area 25%, elongation percentage 25%~35%;The hardness of material
For 59~65HRC;Ballistic work is 100J~150J.
The present invention is exemplarily described above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, it is clear that the present invention is implemented not by aforesaid way
Limitation, as long as the improvement of the various unsubstantialities of inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention progress is employed, or without changing
Enter and the design of the present invention and technical scheme are directly applied into other occasions, within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of preparation method of the enhanced base steel material of alumina composite ceramic, the composite ceramics mainly includes Al2O3, also
Including kyanite, rutile, feldspar, mullite and quartz;The composite ceramics is uniformly distributed in base steel material;
The composite ceramics is with melting in powdered addition base steel material, and its powder size is 1 μm~20 μm;
The content of its composition is respectively:Al2O3:0.5%~8%, kyanite:0.3%~2%, rutile:1.0%~5%, it is long
Stone:0.3%~2%, mullite:0.2%~1%, quartz:0.5%~2%, C:0.05%~0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤
0.02%;Remaining is Fe;
It is characterized in that described preparation method is:
First, the raw material of the steel configured in mass ratio is added into smelting furnace, heating;Then, the composite ceramics of drying will be mixed
Powder adds smelting furnace;Treat that ceramic powders and molten steel are completely melt, you can casting tapping;
The base steel material is smelted using intermediate frequency furnace;
The preparation technology of the composite ceramics is:Example is configured to ceramic material in mass ratio, the ceramic material mixing 1h configured
After~6h, drying forms the powder of the composite ceramics;
The raw material of the steel is steel scrap;
The enhanced base steel material of the alumina composite ceramic is as cast condition;Or be forging state;Or be rolled.
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CN109576559A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-05 | 濮训春 | Using mullite and albite as ceramics enhancing iron base composite material of constituent element and preparation method thereof, machine components |
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