CN104611620A - Li feldspar composite ceramic enhanced steel-based material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Li feldspar composite ceramic enhanced steel-based material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Li feldspar composite ceramic enhanced steel-based material, wherein Li feldspar composite ceramic comprises Li feldspar, Al203, kyanite, vanadine, mullite, TiO2 and aedelforsite and is uniformly distributed in a steel base. The preparation method of the Li feldspar composite ceramic enhanced steel-based material comprises the following steps: steel raw materials which are proportioned in a mass ratio into a smelting furnace and heating; then, adding the mixed and dried Li feldspar composite ceramic powder; and pouring out and tapping till the ceramic powder and the molten steel are completely melted. Due to adoption of the scheme, the cost is reduced effectively and further the total production cost of high-wear-resistance and anti-corrosion steel is reduced; the complete enhancement of the material is realized; the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance are improved; the operation process is simple; and therefore, the scheme can be industrially popularized and applied easily.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of matrix material.More specifically, the present invention relates to the base steel material that Li feldspar composite ceramics strengthens.In addition, the invention still further relates to the preparation method of this base steel material.
Background technology
Wearing and tearing are one of main damage forms of material, and its financial loss caused is quite surprising, and China is every year because the steel of attrition reach millions of tons.Stupalith has the premium propertiess such as heat-resisting, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant.Stupalith strengthening metal material has become the focus of research.
In prior art, the scheme relating to the metallic substance that pottery strengthens has following Chinese patent literature:
CN101181741A: adopt industrial Ti-Fe powder and B
4c powder, as reactant, mixes pressed compact according to a certain percentage and is placed in foundry goods, by forming Ti from climing combustion reaction in metal
2b, TiC pottery enhanced granule, reaches the object of reinforced metal;
CN101195888A: the above-mentioned same method of Ti, Cr, C powder is added in foundry goods, obtains (Ti, Cr) C, Cr
7c
3for the base steel composite material of ceramic strengthening phase;
CN101214541A: adopt Ni, Ti and B
4ti prepared by C briquetting
2the manganese steel of B, TiC ceramic granule partial strengthening;
CN102366829A: adopt varigrained Al
2o
3particle strengthening improves surface strength and the wear resistance of steel.What adopt is add Al at cast(ing) surface
2o
3particl method.Due to Al
2o
3with steel Presence of an interface in conjunction with problem, its strengthening effect does not reach the object of anticipation.
Above-mentioned patented technology is that preset generation, from the briquetting of climing combustion reaction, generates Ti by casting ignition reaction in foundry pattern substantially
2b, TiC etc. form strengthening phase on the surface of foundry goods; Or ceramic particle is placed in casting chamber, make ceramic particle be distributed in the surface of workpiece by casting, to reach the object of surface strengthening, but the entirety strengthening of material can not be realized.And occur in cast moulding film from climing combustion reaction, this reaction is wayward, easily causes releasing a large amount of gas, the hole of foundry goods can be caused to increase, cause strength degradation.
In addition, above-mentioned patented technology realizes strengthening the material adopted is Ti, Cr, B
4the Al of C or regulation order number
2o
3powder, the cost of its material is higher.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the base steel material that Li feldspar composite ceramics strengthens, its objective is the bulk strength improving steel at lower cost.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
The base steel material that Li feldspar composite ceramics of the present invention strengthens, wherein, described Li feldspar composite ceramics comprises Li feldspar, kyanite, feldspar; Or described Li feldspar composite ceramics comprises Li feldspar, Al
2o
3, kyanite, vanadine, mullite, TiO
2, wollastonite.
Described Li feldspar composite ceramics is uniformly distributed in base steel material.
Described Li feldspar composite ceramics adds melting in base steel material with Powdered, and its powder size is 1 μm ~ 20 μm.
By mass, in described base steel material, the content of each composition is respectively:
Li feldspar: 0.3% ~ 3%, Al
2o
3: 0.5% ~ 2%, kyanite: 0.3% ~ 3%, vanadine: 0.15% ~ 1.5%, mullite: 0.2% ~ 2%, TiO
2: 0.3% ~ 1.5%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02%; All the other are Fe.
The preparation method of the base steel material that the present invention also provides above-described Li feldspar composite ceramics to strengthen, its technical scheme is:
First, the raw material of the steel configured in mass ratio is added smelting furnace, heating; Then, the powder of the Li feldspar composite ceramics of mixing being dried adds smelting furnace; Treat that ceramic powder and molten steel melt completely, tapping of can casting.
Described base steel material adopts intermediate frequency furnace to smelt.
The preparation technology of described Li feldspar composite ceramics is:
Example is configured to stupalith in mass ratio, after the stupalith mixing 1h ~ 6h configured, dries, forms the powder of described Li feldspar composite ceramics.
The raw material of described steel is steel scrap.
The base steel material that described Li feldspar composite ceramics strengthens is as cast condition; Or be forging state; Or be As rolled.
The present invention adopts technique scheme, and its beneficial effect is:
1, prepare composite ceramics base steel material of the present invention raw material used, be steel scrap and mineral ceramic raw material, all commercially easily obtain, and price is lower, compared with existing base steel composite material, significantly reduce cost, therefore, high abrasion, anti-corrosion steel overall manufacturing cost is reduced;
2, adopt intermediate frequency furnace to smelt, stupalith fully can be dissolved in steel matrix, realize the entirety strengthening of material; The mechanical property of material can reach: yield strength 470MPa ~ 960MPa, tensile strength 750MPa ~ 1500MPa, relative reduction in area 18% ~ 25%, unit elongation 25% ~ 35%; The hardness of material is 25 ~ 65HRC; Ballistic work is 50J ~ 150J; Therefore, the present invention is to provide a kind of high abrasion, anti-corrosion matrix material;
3, above-mentioned composite ceramics base steel material can be as cast condition, as-forged condition, As rolled; The operating procedure of above-mentioned preparation method is simple, and low production cost, is easy to industrially apply.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that in the present invention, composite ceramics content is the metallographic structure Photomicrograph of the base steel material of 14%;
Fig. 2 is that in the present invention, composite ceramics content is the metallographic structure Photomicrograph of the base steel material of 10%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by the description to embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail, has more complete, accurate and deep understanding to help those skilled in the art to inventive concept of the present invention, technical scheme.
The present invention relates to the technology of the intensity strengthening steel with composite ceramic material.In order to realize the overall goal of the invention improving steel strength at lower cost, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
The base steel material that Li feldspar composite ceramics of the present invention strengthens, wherein, described Li feldspar composite ceramics comprises Li feldspar, kyanite, feldspar and a small amount of rare earth; Or described Li feldspar composite ceramics comprises Li feldspar, Al
2o
3, kyanite, vanadine, mullite, TiO
2, wollastonite.
The ceramic powder such as Li feldspar, kyanite, feldspar and a small amount of rare earth fully mix by the present invention, are that raw material adopts intermediate frequency (IF) smelting to prepare base steel composite material with steel scrap; In fusion process, composite ceramic is added in steel smelting furnace, form ceramic equally distributed pottery-base steel composite material, improve wear-resisting, the corrosion resisting property of material, and the entirety strengthening of material can be realized, and cost is lower.
Technique scheme, 1, solve stupalith low temperature under melt technical problem; 2, ceramic proportion and metal proportion is solved not etc. under state, stupalith suspension; 3, under based on iron-based, pottery is as the xln of new steel grade multi-factor structure; 4, the wear resistance of first brilliant special steel (PH steel) and hardness direct relation; 5, the material molding technology such as the welding of this steel grade, forging and stamping, tempering, quenching are solved; 6, product service condition under different work condition environment is met.
Concrete technical parameter is respectively:
Described Li feldspar composite ceramics adds melting in base steel material with Powdered, and its powder size is 1 μm ~ 20 μm.
By mass, in described base steel material, the content of each composition is respectively:
Li feldspar: 0.3% ~ 3%, Al
2o
3: 0.5% ~ 2%, kyanite: 0.3% ~ 3%, vanadine: 0.15% ~ 1.5%, mullite: 0.2% ~ 2%, TiO
2: 0.3% ~ 1.5%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02%; All the other are Fe.
The preparation method of the base steel material that the present invention also provides above-described Li feldspar composite ceramics to strengthen, its technical scheme is:
First, the raw material of the steel configured in mass ratio is added smelting furnace, be heated to 500 DEG C ~ 700 DEG C; Then, the powder of the Li feldspar composite ceramics of mixing being dried adds smelting furnace; Treat that ceramic powder and molten steel melt completely, tapping of can casting.The temperature that ceramic powder and molten steel melt completely is 1600 DEG C ~ 1700 DEG C, generally desirable 1650 DEG C.
Composite ceramics base steel material adopts intermediate frequency furnace to smelt;
The preparation technology of described Li feldspar composite ceramics is:
Example is configured to stupalith in mass ratio, after the stupalith configured mixes 1 hour ~ 6 hours, dries, forms the powder of described Li feldspar composite ceramics.
In described base steel material, the raw material of steel is steel scrap.
The present invention mainly adopts the aluminosilicate raw ore stone flour materials such as domestic non-metal stupalith, with waste metal material, adds hot smelting at middle frequency furnace, makes material in differing temps stage chemical combination decomposition and crystallization.
Within the scope of the effective temperature of middle frequency furnace 1650 DEG C, by stupalith through melting decomposition and crystallization, decompose again, the process of three decomposition and crystallization of recrystallize, form ceramic dispersoid composite structure reinforced transformation, generate novel steel grade material---first brilliant special steel (PH steel).The brilliant special steel of unit (PH steel) has also have higher toughness, high-wearing feature, high heat resistance energy, preferably corrosion resistance simultaneously while guarantee high strength, high rigidity.
The process analysis of above-mentioned preparation method:
When melting stupalith, part non-metallic material are in 300 DEG C ~ 800 DEG C stages in temperature and start slowly to overflow liquid state, overflow liquidly to start nodularization ceramic powder, form the little bulk and sphere that differ in size.The liquid state of overflowing has catalytic metal material behavior simultaneously, makes itself and stupalith obtain synchronous nodularization, thawing, Decomposition, reaches first time extensive crystallization.Just putting type crystallization object is that stupalith produces suspension and is effectively controlled because the proportion difference of stupalith and metallic substance.This stage definitions is for just to put type crystallization.
Along with temperature rises to 900 DEG C ~ 1350 DEG C stages, primary crystallization is decomposed again, but does not have complete crystal.Liquid state is very thin mutually, and in original ore powder material nonmetallic ceramics, impurity is assembled to furnace wall with the motion of molten steel.The solidifying compound of furnace wall slowly decomposes with liquid steel temperature and molten steel motion.Solidifying compound also has the infringement of protection stove inner wall at high temperature melting simultaneously.This stage can not decompose effectively completely.This stage definitions is that second time decomposes the impurity phase.
Along with temperature rises to 1500 DEG C ~ 1650 DEG C stages, the rising of liquid steel temperature and molten steel motion are accelerated, and also slowly occur fine crystalline state; When reaching 1650 DEG C of temperature ratings, microcrystalline state is fast decoupled within very short time.Decomposite a small amount of impurity to be formed at molten steel surface, after cleaning impurity, molten steel is very limpid, bright, thoroughly decomposes complete liquid body.Be called as phase transformation decomposition and crystallization end period during this, define the stable crystalline body of complete disperse composite structure reinforced transformation, be referred to as the decomposition and crystallization of third time.
This xln has unique performance, the high abrasion of the advantages such as metallic substance high rigidity, high strength and stupalith and the excellent properties such as anti-corrosion is organically combined, makes its product high-temperature area keep higher intensity and hardness, not easily produce fatigue cracking; To chemical substances such as common acid, alkali, salt, there is resistance to corrosion simultaneously.Therefore there is very strong bonding force, very high hardness and good stability at elevated temperature, have again compared with high-wearing feature, low frictional coefficient.Performance that the brilliant special steel of above-described unit (PH steel) possesses that Here it is.
The base steel material that described Li feldspar composite ceramics strengthens can be as cast condition, forging state, As rolled.
With the ceramic preparation composite ceramics base steel material of steel scrap and cheap mineral, the preparation method of this material makes foundry goods or ingot casting with Medium frequency induction melting; Ingot casting is by forging or roll forming.The mechanical property of this material can reach:
Yield strength 470MPa ~ 960MPa, tensile strength 750MPa ~ 1400MPa, relative reduction in area 18% ~ 25%, unit elongation 25% ~ 35%; The hardness of material is 25 ~ 65HRC; Ballistic work is 50J ~ 150J.
Also there is following performance:
Not easily fatigue cracking is produced under temperature province state uneven in temperature; Corrosion resisting property: mill amount loss minimizing more than 5 times; 7 days non-corrodings are soaked in 5% hydrochloric acid; 800 DEG C time, its hardness value reaches the highest, therefore, has excellent hot strength and high temperature red hardness; The coefficient of expansion is low; Work-ing life is more than 3 ~ 5 times of heat-resisting alloy steel of the prior art; Metallographic structure is even, fine and smooth, and material property appearance is consistent with inside.
Above-mentioned data and performance show: base steel material of the present invention is a kind of high abrasion, anti-corrosion matrix material.Meanwhile, with domestic general high-abrasive material ratio, hardly containing, the noble metal such as tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, vanadium, copper, cobalt, be a kind of high strength wear resistant material of resource-conserving.
Above-mentioned composite ceramics base steel material, its elementary composition raw material by commercially available, is known prior art through smelting and making the technique of foundry goods, forging process or rolling technology.Involved metallurgical equipment and technique are known in those skilled in the art.Therefore, the cost of technical scheme of the present invention is lower than prior art.
The metallographic structure Photomicrograph of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 to be composite ceramics total content be respectively base steel material of 14% and 10%.Below provide the exemplifying embodiment of each composition different content of the present invention:
Embodiment 1, as cast condition is shaping:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, is respectively: Li feldspar: 0.3%, Al
2o
3: 0.5%, kyanite: 3%, vanadine: 0.15%, mullite: 0.2%, TiO
2: 0.3%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02% and Fe surplus.
Embodiment 2, as cast condition is shaping:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, is respectively: Li feldspar: 0.35%, Al
2o
3: 0.6%, kyanite: 2.9%, vanadine: 0.16%, mullite: 0.25%, TiO
2: 0.35%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02% and Fe surplus.
Embodiment 3, as cast condition is shaping:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, is respectively: Li feldspar: 0.4%, Al
2o
3: 0.65%, kyanite: 2.8%, vanadine: 0.17%, mullite: 0.3%, TiO
2: 0.4%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02% and Fe surplus.
Embodiment 4, as cast condition is shaping:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, is respectively: Li feldspar: 0.35%, Al
2o
3: 0.7%, kyanite: 2.9%, vanadine: 0.15%, mullite: 0.3%, TiO
2: 0.3%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02% and Fe surplus.
In above-described embodiment 1 to embodiment 4, composite ceramics base steel material adopts intermediate frequency furnace to smelt, and shaping through as cast condition, the mechanical property of its material is: yield strength 450MPa, tensile strength 750MPa, relative reduction in area 13%, unit elongation 7%; The hardness of material is 25 ~ 35HRC; Ballistic work is 50J ~ 70J.
Embodiment 5, forging molding:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, is respectively: Li feldspar: 0.9%, Al
2o
3: 1.8%, kyanite: 2.1%, vanadine: 1.5%, mullite: 1.1%, TiO
2: 1.5%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02% and Fe surplus.
Embodiment 6, forging molding:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, is respectively: Li feldspar: 1%, Al
2o
3: 1.9%, kyanite: 2%, vanadine: 1.4%, mullite: 1%, TiO
2: 1.5%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02% and Fe surplus.
Embodiment 7, forging molding:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, is respectively: Li feldspar: 1.1%, Al
2o
3: 2%, kyanite: 1.9%, vanadine: 1.4%, mullite: 0.9%, TiO
2: 1.45%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02% and Fe surplus.
Embodiment 8, forging molding:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment by percentage to the quality, is respectively: Li feldspar: 1%, Al
2o
3: 2%, kyanite: 1.8%, vanadine: 1.3%, mullite: 0.9%, TiO
2: 1.45%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02% and Fe surplus.
In above-described embodiment 5 to embodiment 8, composite ceramics base steel material adopts intermediate frequency furnace to smelt, and through forging molding, the mechanical property of its material is: yield strength 650MPa, tensile strength 900MPa, relative reduction in area 25%, unit elongation 25%; The hardness of material is 56 ~ 60HRC; Ballistic work is 80J ~ 100J.
Embodiment 9, forging rolling type:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment is by percentage to the quality: Li feldspar: 3%, Al
2o
3: 1.9%, kyanite: 1.9%, vanadine: 1.5%, mullite: 2%, TiO
2: 0.35%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02% and Fe surplus.
Embodiment 10, forging rolling type:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment is by percentage to the quality: Li feldspar: 3%, Al
2o
3: 2%, kyanite: 2%, vanadine: 1.45%, mullite: 1.9%, TiO
2: 0.3%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02% and Fe surplus.
Embodiment 11, forging rolling type:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment is by percentage to the quality: Li feldspar: 2.9%, Al
2o
3: 2%, kyanite: 2.1%, vanadine: 1.45%, mullite: 1.9%, TiO
2: 0.35%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02% and Fe surplus.
Embodiment 12, forging rolling type:
The composition of the composite ceramics base steel material of the present embodiment is by percentage to the quality: Li feldspar: 2.9%, Al
2o
3: 2.1%, kyanite: 2%, vanadine: 1.5%, mullite: 2%, TiO
2: 0.3%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02% and Fe surplus.
In above-described embodiment 9 to embodiment 12, composite ceramics base steel material is through forging rolling type, and the mechanical property of its material is: yield strength 900MPa, tensile strength 1500MPa, relative reduction in area 25%, unit elongation 25% ~ 35%; The hardness of material is 59 ~ 65HRC; Ballistic work is 60J ~ 80J.
Above to invention has been exemplary description; obvious specific implementation of the present invention is not subject to the restrictions described above; as long as have employed the improvement of the various unsubstantialities that method of the present invention is conceived and technical scheme is carried out; or design of the present invention and technical scheme directly applied to other occasion, all within protection scope of the present invention without to improve.
Claims (10)
1. a base steel material for Li feldspar composite ceramics enhancing, is characterized in that: described Li feldspar composite ceramics comprises Li feldspar, kyanite, feldspar; Described Li feldspar composite ceramics is uniformly distributed in base steel material.
2., according to the base steel material that Li feldspar composite ceramics according to claim 1 strengthens, it is characterized in that: described Li feldspar composite ceramics adds melting in base steel material with Powdered, its powder size is 1 μm ~ 20 μm.
3. a base steel material for Li feldspar composite ceramics enhancing, is characterized in that: described Li feldspar composite ceramics comprises Li feldspar, Al
2o
3, kyanite, vanadine, mullite, TiO
2, wollastonite; Described Li feldspar composite ceramics is uniformly distributed in base steel material.
4., according to the base steel material that Li feldspar composite ceramics according to claim 3 strengthens, it is characterized in that: described Li feldspar composite ceramics adds melting in base steel material with Powdered, its powder size is 1 μm ~ 20 μm.
5., according to the base steel material that the Li feldspar composite ceramics described in claim 3 or 4 strengthens, it is characterized in that: by mass, the content of its composition is respectively: Li feldspar: 0.3% ~ 3%, Al
2o
3: 0.5% ~ 2%, kyanite: 0.3% ~ 3%, vanadine: 0.15% ~ 1.5%, mullite: 0.2% ~ 2%, TiO
2: 0.3% ~ 1.5%, wollastonite: 0.10% ~ 1.5%, C:0.05% ~ 0.3%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.02%; All the other are Fe.
6., according to the preparation method of the base steel material of the Li feldspar composite ceramics enhancing according to any one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: first, the raw material of the steel configured in mass ratio is added smelting furnace, heating; Then, the powder of the Li feldspar composite ceramics of mixing being dried adds smelting furnace; Treat that ceramic powder and molten steel melt completely, tapping of can casting.
7. according to the preparation method of the base steel material of Li feldspar composite ceramics enhancing according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described base steel material adopts intermediate frequency furnace to smelt.
8. according to the preparation method of the base steel material of Li feldspar composite ceramics enhancing according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the preparation technology of described Li feldspar composite ceramics is: example is configured to stupalith in mass ratio, after the stupalith mixing 1h ~ 6h configured, dry, form the powder of described Li feldspar composite ceramics.
9., according to the preparation method of the base steel material of Li feldspar composite ceramics enhancing according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the raw material of described steel is steel scrap.
10., according to the preparation method of the base steel material of Li feldspar composite ceramics enhancing according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the base steel material that described Li feldspar composite ceramics strengthens is as cast condition; Or be forging state; Or be As rolled.
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Application publication date: 20150513 |