CN104626543B - Welding method for thermoplastic composite material - Google Patents
Welding method for thermoplastic composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method for a thermoplastic composite material. The welding method comprises the following steps: S1: pre-treating a surface to be welded of a first workpiece and a surface to be welded of a second workpiece, wherein the first workpiece is the thermoplastic composite material and the second workpiece is the thermoplastic composite material or a metal material; and S2: welding and fixing the surface to be welded of the first workpiece and the surface to be welded of the second workpiece to obtain a combined body to be welded, wherein the metal material is arranged in the combined body to be welded, focusing laser and scanning the surface of the metal material in the combined body to be welded according to a pre-set path to finish a welding process. According to the welding method, the thermoplastic composite material and the thermoplastic composite material, and the thermoplastic composite material and the metal material are smoothly welded by the laser; welding lines are uniform and the welding quality is high; and the welding method has a wide application prospect in the fields of new energy source automobiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and aviation fields.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding technology field, more particularly to a kind of welding method of thermoplastic composite.
Background technology
At present, thermoplastic composite mainly adopts the methods such as resistance implantation weldering, electromagnetic induction weldering and ultrasonic bonding complete
Become welding.Wherein, resistance implantation Welding is simple, equipment flexibly, need not be surface-treated, but in welding process, plumb joint
Impurity can be introduced, thus reducing the fatigue behaviour of plumb joint and the uniformity of electric property；Electromagnetic induction weldering can be carried out even
Continuous welding, but, there is embedded material high cost, packing material impact weld strength, be difficult to solder to that there is complicated welding in it
The problems such as structure in face；Ultrasonic bond has the advantages that welding efficiency height, strength of joint are high, but it has energy-oriented-ridge and makes difficulty
The once little limitation of solderable area.
Laser welding has process is simple, with low cost, firing rate is fast, penetration capacity is strong, heat affected area is little, and joint is strong
The advantages of degree is high, composition is uniform, and disposable large-area welding can be completed, but, carrying out thermoplastic composite material using laser
In the welding process of material, because the relative temperature of laser is higher, the fusing point of thermoplastic composite is relatively low, often causes
The excessive generation causing plastic material metaboly of thermoplastic composite melt region, thus lead to laser welding smooth
Carry out or welding quality is poor.
Content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of welding method of thermoplastic composite, solve and thermoplastic composite is carried out using laser
The welding of material and the welding process that causes cannot be smoothed out or poor welding quality problem.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of welding method of thermoplastic composite, comprises the following steps：
S1：The surface to be welded of the surface to be welded of the first workpiece and second workpiece is pre-processed, wherein, described first workpiece is
Thermoplastic composite, described second workpiece is thermoplastic composite or metal material；
S2：The surface to be welded of the surface to be welded of described first workpiece and described second workpiece is stitched together and fixes, obtains
, wherein, in described assembly to be welded, there is metal material in assembly to be welded；By after Laser Focusing in described assembly to be welded
Metal material surface scans according to preset path, completes welding process.
Wherein in an embodiment, when described second workpiece is metal material,
S2 comprises the following steps：The surface to be welded of the surface to be welded of described first workpiece and described second workpiece is stitched together
And directly fix, obtain assembly to be welded；To scan according to preset path on the surface of described second workpiece after Laser Focusing, sweep
Retouch after finishing, close described laser, complete welding process.
Wherein in an embodiment, when described second workpiece is thermoplastic composite,
S2 comprises the following steps：The surface to be welded of the surface to be welded of described first workpiece and described second workpiece is spliced one
Rise, then fit metal transition piece in the both sides of splicing regions, and by described metal transfer part, described first workpiece and described the
Two workpiece are fixed, and obtain assembly to be welded；By the metal transfer part surface in described assembly to be welded after Laser Focusing according to
Preset path scan, scanned after, close described laser, complete welding process.
Wherein in an embodiment, before the both sides of described splicing regions laminating metal transition piece, also include following
Step：
By the surface polishing texturing of metal transfer part, and cleaning-drying.
Wherein in an embodiment, the thickness of described metal transfer part is 1mm～10cm.
Wherein in an embodiment, the pre-treatment step of described first workpiece is：Surface to be welded by described first workpiece
Clean up and be dried；
When described second workpiece is thermoplastic composite, the pre-treatment step of described second workpiece is：By described second
The surface to be welded of workpiece cleans up and is dried；
When described second workpiece is metal material, the pre-treatment step of described second workpiece is：By described second workpiece
Surface to be welded polishing texturing, cleans up and is dried.
Wherein in an embodiment, described thermoplastic composite is fibre-reinforced thermoplastic resin-based composite wood
Material.
Wherein in an embodiment, described thermoplastic composite is carbon fiber, boron fibre, graphite fibre or carborundum
Enhanced PE- polyethylene, PVC- polyvinyl chloride, PS- polystyrene, PA- polyamide, POM- polyformaldehyde, PC- Merlon, poly-
Phenylate, polysulfones or rubber.
Wherein in an embodiment, the fixation of described first workpiece and described second workpiece comprises the following steps：
By fixture, described first workpiece and described second workpiece are fixed, and by described fixture to described first
Workpiece and described second workpiece apply certain pressure.
Wherein in an embodiment, the connecting method of described first workpiece and described second workpiece is overlap joint, docking or
Corner connection.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
The welding method of the thermoplastic composite of the present invention, realizes welding process by way of heat transfer, first will
Laser action, in metal material surface, transfers heat to thermoplastic composite, thermoplastic composite by metal material
Surface melted by heating, the thermoplastic of melting act as solder, two workpiece can be welded on one after the cooling of this solder
Rise.Which has process is simple, with low cost, firing rate is fast, penetration capacity is strong, heat affected area is little, and strength of joint is high, one-tenth
The advantages of divide uniform, and disposable large-area welding can be completed, it can be avoided that laser is directly radiated on thermoplastic composite
The excessive generation causing thermoplastic metaboly of melt region causing, when the fusing point of thermoplastic composite is relatively low,
Can also smoothly realize between thermoplastic composite and thermoplastic composite, and thermoplastic composite and metal material
Between welding, and even weld, welding quality are good, in new-energy automobile, unmanned plane, aerospace field thermoplastic composite material
Have wide practical use in the processing of material parts.
Brief description
Fig. 1 illustrates for the splicing of workpiece one embodiment to be welded in the welding method of thermoplastic composite of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 illustrates for the splicing of workpiece one embodiment to be welded in the welding method of thermoplastic composite of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 3 illustrates for the splicing of workpiece one embodiment to be welded in the welding method of thermoplastic composite of the present invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.It should be appreciated that it is described herein concrete
Embodiment is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of welding method of thermoplastic composite, achievable thermoplastic composite and thermoplasticity
Reliability welding between composite and between thermoplastic composite and metal material.Below in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, right
The welding method of the present invention is described in detail, and the welding method of the present invention comprises the following steps：
S1：The surface to be welded of the surface to be welded of the first workpiece 110 and second workpiece 120 is pre-processed, wherein, the first workpiece
110 is thermoplastic composite, and second workpiece 120 is thermoplastic composite or metal material.
In the present invention, the purpose of pretreatment is the weld strength of reinforcing material.As a kind of embodiment, the first workpiece
110 pretreatment mode is：The surface to be welded of the first workpiece 110 is cleaned up and is dried.It is preferred that acetone or alcohol can be utilized
The surface to be welded of the first workpiece 110 is cleaned by ultrasonic, removes spot with effective.The pretreatment mode of second workpiece 120 is divided into
Two kinds of situations：1. when second workpiece 120 is thermoplastic composite, the pretreatment mode of pretreatment mode and the first workpiece 110
Identical；2., when second workpiece 120 is metal material, pretreatment mode is：The surface to be welded of second workpiece 120 is polished texturing, clearly
Wash clean is simultaneously dried, and wherein, the effect of polishing texturing is to increase the roughness of the surface to be welded of second workpiece 120, so that in welding
During increase solder penetration degree, thus increasing the fastness of welding.Additionally, the first workpiece 110 and second workpiece 120
Can be processed using other existing pretreatment modes.
It is preferred that the thermoplastic composite in the present invention is fibre-reinforced thermoplas tic resin composite, preferably
The PE- polyethylene of carbon fiber, boron fibre, graphite fibre or SiC reinforcement, PVC- polyvinyl chloride, PS- polystyrene, PA- gather
Acid amides, POM- polyformaldehyde, PC- Merlon, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfones or rubber, this kind of thermoplastic composite its have proportion little,
Intensity is high, corrosion-resistant, antifatigue the features such as.
Further, the metal material in the present invention is selected from one of stainless steel, carbon steel and aluminium alloy.It has higher
Intensity, good combination can be formed and thermoplastic composite between, be widely used in new-energy automobile, unmanned plane, boat
The fields such as empty space flight.
S2：The surface to be welded of the surface to be welded of the first workpiece 110 and second workpiece 120 is stitched together and fixes, is treated
, wherein, in assembly 100 to be welded, there is metal material in weldering assembly 100；After laser 200 is focused in assembly 100 to be welded
Metal material surface according to preset path scan, complete welding process.
It should be noted that in the present invention, to the scanning pattern of laser, laser intensity, the sweep speed of laser and scanning
Time is not particularly limited, and changes with the change of specifically workpiece to be welded and welding demand.
In step S2, by fixing to the splicing of the first workpiece 110 and second workpiece 120, obtain assembly to be welded
100, there is metal material due in assembly 100 to be welded, therefore, in laser welding, can directly by laser 200 dozens to be welded
On metal material in assembly 100, by metal material by the energy conduction of laser 200 to thermoplastic composite, thermoplastic
Property composite melted by heating, the thermoplastic composite of melting act as solder, can be by the first workpiece after the cooling of this solder
110 and second workpiece 120 weld together.
It should be noted that in the scanning process of laser 200, laser 200 acts on and is reached on assembly 100 to be welded
Maximum temperature should be less than assembly to be welded higher than the melt temperature of thermoplastic composite in assembly 100 to be welded simultaneously
The melt temperature of metal material in 100.Wherein, laser 200 acts on the maximum temperature being reached on workpiece to be welded and laser
Sweep speed relevant, in the present invention, the sweep speed of laser 200 is preferably 5m/s～10m/s, within this range, weld seam
Preferably, weld strength is higher for the uniformity.
In the present invention, can be according to different welding needs, by the first workpiece 110 and second workpiece 120 according to different sides
Formula is spliced, such as overlap joint, docking, corner connection etc..
It is preferred that as shown in figure 1, when the first workpiece 110 be thermoplastic composite, second workpiece 120 be metal material
When, S2 comprises the following steps：First workpiece 110 and second workpiece 120 are overlapped, is then directly fixed by fixture 300, and lead to
Cross fixture 300 first workpiece 110 and second workpiece 120 are applied certain pressure (this pressure neglect greatly specific welding procedure
Depending on), and then obtain assembly 100 to be welded；Scan according to preset path on second workpiece 120 surface after laser 200 is focused on,
After scanned, close laser instrument, take off fixture 300, complete welding process.In this embodiment, fixture 300 treats Welder
Part is applied with certain pressure, and under the effect of the pressure, the thermoplastic composite of melting can be preferably by the first workpiece
110 and second workpiece 120 link together, improve welding quality.
It should be noted that in other embodiments, when the first workpiece 110 is thermoplastic composite, second workpiece 120
During for metal material, the connecting method of the first workpiece 110 and second workpiece 120 is alternatively docking or corner connection.
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, when the first workpiece 110 be thermoplastic composite, second workpiece 120 be metal material when, S2
Comprise the following steps：By the surface to be welded docking of the surface to be welded of the first workpiece 110 and second workpiece 120 or corner connection, then in docking
The both sides laminating metal transition piece 130 in region or corner connection region, then by fixture 300 by metal transfer part 200, the first workpiece
110 and second workpiece 120 fixing, and apply certain pressure (this pressure neglect greatly specific welding procedure depending on), treated
Weldering assembly 100；After laser 200 is focused on the surface of metal transfer part 130 according to preset path scan, scanned after,
Close laser instrument, take off fixture 300, complete welding process.
It should be noted that in other embodiments, when the first workpiece 110 is thermoplastic composite, second workpiece 120
During for metal material, the connecting method of the first workpiece 110 and second workpiece 120 is alternatively and overlaps.
It is preferred that before laminating metal transition piece 130, needing to be pre-processed metal transfer part 130, as one kind
Embodiment, preprocessing process is：By the surface polishing texturing of metal transfer part 130, and cleaning-drying.Which can increase
Plus the degree of roughness of metal transfer part 130 is so that welding is more firm.
Wherein, metal transfer part 130 can be selected for stainless steel, carbon steel or aluminium alloy；And, the thickness of metal transfer part 130
Unsuitable excessive or too small, thickness is excessive, and the thermal conduction effect of laser 200 is not good, and it is larger to treat the impact of welding workpiece, thickness
Too small, then it is easily caused the deformation of thermoplastic composite.It is preferred that the thickness of metal transfer part 130 is 1mm～10cm, should
The Energy Efficient of laser 200 can be transferred to workpiece to be welded it is ensured that the melt surface of thermoplastic composite by thickness, enter
And complete welding process, meanwhile, turn avoid heat and conduct the generation that thermoplastic composite that is too fast and causing deforms.
In the present invention, the scope of the laser 200 being used is wider, preferably infrared light, visible ray and ultraviolet light；Welding side
Formula can be spot welding or sequential welding；The scanning pattern of laser 200 can be straight line or curve, needs depending on specifically workpiece to be welded and welding
Depending on asking.
The welding method of the thermoplastic composite of the present invention, first by laser action in metal material surface, by gold
Belong to material and transfer heat to thermoplastic composite, the surface melted by heating of thermoplastic composite, the thermoplasticity material of melting
Material act as solder, can weld together two workpiece after the cooling of this solder.The present invention is realized by way of heat transfer
Welding process, it is to avoid laser is directly radiated at that the melt region causing on thermoplastic composite is excessive causes thermoplastic
The generation of metaboly, when the fusing point of thermoplastic composite is relatively low it is also possible to smoothly realize thermoplastic composite and heat
Between plastic composites, and the welding between thermoplastic composite and metal material, and even weld, welding quality
High.
The welding method of the thermoplastic composite of the present invention, has process is simple, with low cost, firing rate is fast, wear
Thoroughly ability is strong, heat affected area is little, the advantages of strength of joint is high, composition is uniform, and can complete disposable large-area welding, in new energy
Source automobile, unmanned plane, have wide practical use in the processing of aerospace field thermoplastic composite parts.
For a better understanding of the present invention, below by specific embodiment the thermoplastic composite to the present invention weldering
The method of connecing is further described.
Embodiment 1
(1) by the surface to be welded polishing texturing of Al alloy parts, cleaned up with acetone and dry up；
(2) surface to be welded of carbon fiber reinforced PE- polyethylene workpiece is cleaned up and dries up；
(3) according to the mode shown in Fig. 1, Al alloy parts are placed on the upper of carbon fiber reinforced PE- polyethylene workpiece
Face is overlapped, and so that the surface to be welded of the two is contacted with each other；
(4) using fixture, Al alloy parts to be welded and carbon fiber reinforced PE- polyethylene workpiece are fixed, and pass through
Fixture applies the pressure of 20N to Al alloy parts and carbon fiber reinforced PE- polyethylene workpiece；
(5) will heat in aluminum alloy surface after Laser Focusing, be scanned along default path with the speed of 5m/s；
(6), after scanned, close laser instrument, take off fixture, complete welding process.
Embodiment 2
(1) by the surface to be welded profit of enhanced for boron fibre PC- polycarbonate workpiece and graphite fibre enhanced polyphenylene oxide workpiece
Cleaned up with acetone and dry up；
(2) by thickness the two panels aluminium alloy transition piece for 3cm surface polishing texturing, cleaned up with acetone and dry up；
(3) according to the mode shown in Fig. 2, will be enhanced to enhanced for boron fibre PC- polycarbonate workpiece and graphite fibre poly-
The surface to be welded of phenylate workpiece is docked；And the both sides laminating aluminium alloy transition piece in docking region, and fixed with fixture, simultaneously
By fixture, metal transfer part is applied with the pressure of 10N；
(5) will heat on the aluminium alloy transition piece surface of docking region both sides successively after Laser Focusing, with the speed of 8m/s
It is scanned along default path；
(6), after scanned, close laser instrument, take off fixture, complete welding process.
Embodiment 3
(1) by the surface to be welded profit of enhanced for boron fibre PE- polyethylene workpiece and graphite fibre enhanced PE- polyethylene workpiece
Cleaned up with acetone and dry up；
(2) the two panels aluminium alloy transition piece surface polishing texturing for 3cm by thickness, is cleaned up with acetone and dries up, its
In, a piece of aluminium alloy transition piece is straight piece, and another aluminium alloy transition piece has certain bending angle；
(3) according to the mode shown in Fig. 3, enhanced for boron fibre PE- polyethylene workpiece and the enhanced PE- of graphite fibre are gathered
The surface to be welded of ethene workpiece carries out corner connection；And in the both sides of juncture area laminating aluminium alloy transition piece, fixed with fixture, lead to simultaneously
Cross the pressure that fixture applies 25N to metal transfer part；
(4) by after Laser Focusing successively the aluminium alloy transition piece in juncture area both sides surface heating, with the speed of 10m/s
Degree is scanned along default path；
(5), after scanned, close laser instrument, take off fixture, complete welding process.
Embodiment described above only have expressed the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more concrete and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some deformation can also be made and improve, these broadly fall into the guarantor of the present invention
Shield scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be defined by claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of welding method of thermoplastic composite is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1：The surface to be welded of the surface to be welded of the first workpiece and second workpiece is pre-processed, wherein, described first workpiece is thermoplastic
Property composite, described second workpiece be thermoplastic composite or metal material；
S2：The surface to be welded of the surface to be welded of described first workpiece and described second workpiece is stitched together and fixes, obtains to be welded
, wherein, in described assembly to be welded, there is metal material in assembly；The gold in assembly to be welded will directly be beaten after Laser Focusing
Belong on material, the metal material surface in described assembly to be welded scans according to preset path, completes welding process.
2. the welding method of thermoplastic composite according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described second workpiece is gold
When belonging to material,
S2 comprises the following steps：The surface to be welded of the surface to be welded of described first workpiece and described second workpiece is stitched together and directly
Connect fixation, obtain assembly to be welded；To scan according to preset path on the surface of described second workpiece after Laser Focusing, scan through
Bi Hou, closes described laser, completes welding process.
3. the welding method of thermoplastic composite according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described second workpiece is heat
During plastic composites,
S2 comprises the following steps：The surface to be welded of the surface to be welded of described first workpiece and described second workpiece is stitched together, so
Fit metal transition piece in the both sides of splicing regions afterwards, and by described metal transfer part, described first workpiece and described second work
Part is fixed, and obtains assembly to be welded；By the metal transfer part surface in described assembly to be welded after Laser Focusing according to default
Path scan, scanned after, close described laser, complete welding process.
4. the welding method of thermoplastic composite according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that in described splicing regions
Before both sides laminating metal transition piece, further comprising the steps of：
By the surface polishing texturing of metal transfer part, and cleaning-drying.
5. the welding method of thermoplastic composite according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that described metal transfer part
Thickness is 1mm-10cm.
6. thermoplastic composite according to claim 1 welding method it is characterised in that described first workpiece pre-
Process step is：The surface to be welded of described first workpiece is cleaned up and is dried；
When described second workpiece is thermoplastic composite, the pre-treatment step of described second workpiece is：By described second workpiece
Surface to be welded clean up and be dried；
When described second workpiece is metal material, the pre-treatment step of described second workpiece is：Described second workpiece is to be welded
Face polishing texturing, cleans up and is dried.
7. the welding method of thermoplastic composite according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described thermoplastic composite material
Expect for fibre-reinforced thermoplastic resin based composite material.
8. the welding method of thermoplastic composite according to claim 7 is it is characterised in that described thermoplastic composite material
Expect PE- polyethylene for carbon fiber, boron fibre, graphite fibre or SiC reinforcement, PVC- polyvinyl chloride, PS- polystyrene,
PA- polyamide, POM- polyformaldehyde, PC- Merlon, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfones or rubber.
9. the welding method of thermoplastic composite according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described first workpiece and institute
The fixation stating second workpiece comprises the following steps：
By fixture, described first workpiece and described second workpiece are fixed, and by described fixture to described first workpiece
Apply certain pressure with described second workpiece.
10. thermoplastic composite according to claim 1 welding method it is characterised in that described first workpiece and
The connecting method of described second workpiece is overlap joint, docks or corner connection.
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| CN105694440B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2018-06-05 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | The welding method of thermoplastic composite and wherein used doping resin |
| CN107471657A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-15 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | A kind of non-transmissive welding method of the laser of thermoplastic |
| CN107498881A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-22 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | A kind of carbon fibre reinforced plastic thermoplastic laser heats welding technology |
| CN108145311B (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2020-03-24 | 广东正业科技股份有限公司 | Laser welding method and welding product |
| CN108327165B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-08-11 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Manufacturing method of titanium alloy framework composite material casing |
| CN109483054A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-19 | 北京大学深圳研究院 | A kind of docking laser soldering method of CFRTP and metal material |
| CN112060598B (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2023-05-12 | 上海中科神光光电产业有限公司 | Welding method of metal workpiece and thermosetting resin matrix composite workpiece |
| CN112277337B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-09-09 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Laser welding forming method for sectional type composite material shell of solid rocket engine |
| CN112338309B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-03-11 | 西安远航真空钎焊技术有限公司 | Workpiece joint vacuum brazing method based on strength compensation |
| CN112975130A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-18 | 上海思客琦智能装备科技股份有限公司 | Welding process of aluminum alloy, copper alloy and nickel-plated copper for lithium battery tab |
| CN114801202B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-13 | 天津市奥联特钢结构安装工程有限公司 | Plastic welding movable arm |
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| JP4492784B2 (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2010-06-30 | 株式会社デンソー | Laser welding member manufacturing method |
| EP2075082B1 (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2015-11-11 | NEC SCHOTT Components Corporation | Substance joining method |
| US20090130451A1 (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2009-05-21 | Tony Farrell | Laser-weldable thermoplastics, methods of manufacture, and articles thereof |
| JP2009234070A (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-15 | Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd | Welding method using laser beam and laser beam welded body |
| US9492990B2 (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2016-11-15 | Picosys Incorporated | Room temperature glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic and glass-to-ceramic/semiconductor bonding |
| CN103071922B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-08-03 | 江苏大学 | A kind of high-strength laser transmission method of attachment |
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