CN110625949A - Laser transmission welding method for thermoplastic plastics - Google Patents
Laser transmission welding method for thermoplastic plastics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110625949A CN110625949A CN201911024972.3A CN201911024972A CN110625949A CN 110625949 A CN110625949 A CN 110625949A CN 201911024972 A CN201911024972 A CN 201911024972A CN 110625949 A CN110625949 A CN 110625949A
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- plastic workpiece
- welding
- laser
- upper plastic
- workpiece
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004023 plastic welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1687—Laser beams making use of light guides
- B29C65/169—Laser beams making use of light guides being a part of the joined article
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and discloses a laser transmission welding method of thermoplastic plastics, which comprises the following steps: laminating and fixing an upper plastic workpiece and a lower plastic workpiece on a processing station, wherein a welding surface is formed on the contact surface of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece; starting a laser emitter, and adjusting the parameters of a laser beam to ensure that the temperature of a heating area is lower than the melting temperature of an upper plastic workpiece and higher than the melting temperature of a lower plastic workpiece; meanwhile, enabling a laser beam to sequentially penetrate through the V-surface cylinder above the processing position and the upper plastic workpiece, enabling the laser beam to move back and forth along a welding surface, forming a heating area on the welding surface, and bonding the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece under the action of pressure and laser; the laser transmission welding method of the thermoplastic plastics can realize accurate welding path and welding strength control, increase the overall strength and rigidity of a welding part and prevent burning defects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser transmission welding method for thermoplastic plastics.
Background
The connection method of plastics and composite materials thereof generally has three methods: mechanical attachment, adhesive bonding and welding. Mechanical connections include rivet or compression joint connections using separate fasteners such as metal or plastic screws. (2) Adhesive bonding is the application of an adhesive between the parts to be joined to join the parts. (3) The welding is to melt or soften the polymer at the interface by heating, so that the polymer molecular chains are diffused through the interface to form chain entanglement under the action of certain pressure and time, and finally the strength of the welding point is obtained. The welding methods are divided into two main categories according to the heating mode adopted: external heating and internal heating. External heating methods heat the weld surface by convection or conduction, including hot tool welding, hot gas welding, extrusion welding, implant induction welding, and implant resistance welding. The internal heating method is a method of directly generating a heat source inside a material by a technique, thereby replacing external heating. It is divided into two categories: mechanical heating and electromagnetic heating. Mechanical internal heating is the conversion of mechanical energy into heat by surface friction or intermolecular friction, including ultrasonic, vibration and spin welding. Electromagnetic internal heating methods rely on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation for conversion to heat, including infrared, laser, radio frequency and microwave welding.
The traditional thermoplastic plastic connecting method has many defects, the mechanical connecting strength of adopting screws, snap rings and the like is not easy to meet the requirement and can not have the requirement on the quality of the connecting surface; the adhesive bonding method needs the procedures of surface roughening, gluing, bonding, curing, ironing by an electric iron, finishing and the like, all the procedures are manually operated, the labor intensity is high, the procedures are multiple, the production efficiency is low, the quality is difficult to ensure, and the volatile components of the adhesive pollute the environment and influence the body health of operators; the plastic part is easy to be bonded with a heating source by adopting external heating welding, and air pollution can be caused; the strength of a welding joint is influenced when an implant for implant welding is left on a welding surface; mechanical internal heating can leave the final product with residual vibrational and thermal stresses that accelerate the aging of the product.
Laser transmission welding is a novel plastic welding process developed in recent years, and the principle is that an infrared laser beam (the wavelength is generally 800-. The two parts to be welded must have one transparent to the laser beam, i.e. the laser beam penetrates it without loss of energy, and the other opaque, i.e. absorbs the energy of the laser radiation; in order to increase the ability of the material to absorb radiant energy, the contact surfaces of the two parts to be welded are provided with a laser-absorbing additive coating. The radiation penetrates through a transparent weld part of the two parts to be welded, and the other opaque part absorbs the laser radiation on the contact surface to form a heat-affected zone, and the plastic in the heat-affected zone is melted; during the subsequent solidification process, the melted material forms a joint and the parts to be welded are joined. However, the current laser transmission welding technology only can play a role in connection, and cannot change the properties of the welded thermoplastic plastic material, such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and the like; due to the characteristics of low melting point and easy burning of plastics, the range of laser welding process parameters is difficult to optimize; and neither of the two welded workpieces can be substantially separated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a laser transmission welding method of thermoplastic plastics; the laser transmission welding method of the thermoplastic plastics can realize accurate welding path and welding strength control, increase the overall strength and rigidity of a welding part and prevent burning defects.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of laser transmission welding of thermoplastics comprising the steps of:
laminating and fixing an upper plastic workpiece and a lower plastic workpiece on a processing station, wherein a welding surface is formed on the contact surface of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece;
starting a laser emitter, and adjusting the parameters of a laser beam to ensure that the temperature of a heating area is lower than the melting temperature of an upper plastic workpiece and higher than the melting temperature of a lower plastic workpiece; at the same time, the user can select the desired position,
and enabling the laser beam to sequentially penetrate through the V-surface cylinder above the processing position and the upper plastic workpiece, and meanwhile, enabling the laser beam to move back and forth along the welding surface to form a heating area on the welding surface, and bonding the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece under the action of pressure and laser.
Specifically, the upper plastic workpiece is made of a light beam transmitting material.
Specifically, the melting point of the V-face cylinder is greater than the melting point of the upper plastic workpiece.
Specifically, the laser beam sequentially penetrates through the V-surface cylinder above the processing position and the upper plastic workpiece, a heating area is formed on the welding surface, and the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece are bonded under the action of pressure and laser, wherein the pressure is 40 +/-3 MPa.
Specifically, the method for laminating and fixing the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece on the processing station further comprises the step of laminating and fixing the two plastic workpieces on the processing station before the contact surfaces of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece form the welding surface
And respectively carrying out hot air cleaning on the corresponding laminated surfaces of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece.
Specifically, the temperature of the hot air is 120 ℃ +/-5 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial characteristics that:
1. according to the invention, the point-shaped laser beam is changed into the linear laser beam by adopting the V-surface cylinder, so that the surface scanning of the welding surface is realized, the welding speed is improved on one hand, the heat of the welding surface is homogenized on the other hand, the welding quality is further improved, and the overlarge local welding mark or uneven welding is avoided.
2. In the welding method, only the position scanned by the laser is welded, so that the welding path can be selected, the welding position is more accurate, and fine welding is easy to realize; the position, size and shape of the through hole can be set at will, and the strength requirements of different welding joints at different positions are met.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Compared with other welding technologies, the plastic laser welding technology has the advantages of non-contact, air tightness, no water leakage, high welding speed, high precision, high welding line strength, no flash, no residue, minimum thermal stress, easy control, good flexibility, good adaptability and the like; during welding, high-energy laser penetrates through the transparent energy transfer plastic workpiece to be focused on the plastic workpiece absorbing the light energy, a heat forming area is formed at the light energy focusing position, the heat forming area absorbs the heat energy converted by the laser, the contact surfaces of the two plastic workpieces are melted, a welding area is finally formed, and meanwhile, the two workpieces are combined together under the action of external pressure.
Example 1
A method of laser transmission welding of thermoplastics comprising the steps of:
laminating and fixing an upper plastic workpiece and a lower plastic workpiece on a processing station, wherein a welding surface is formed on the contact surface of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece;
starting a laser emitter, and adjusting the parameters of a laser beam to ensure that the temperature of a heating area is lower than the melting temperature of an upper plastic workpiece and higher than the melting temperature of a lower plastic workpiece; at the same time, the user can select the desired position,
the laser beam sequentially penetrates through the V-surface cylinder above the processing position, the upper plastic workpiece and the laser beam, the laser beam moves back and forth along the welding surface, a heating area is formed on the welding surface, the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece are bonded under the action of pressure and laser, and particularly, the pressure between the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece is 40 Mpa.
In the embodiment, the light type of the laser is adjusted by adopting the V-surface cylinder, when the laser is emitted from the laser emitter, the laser is emitted from the V surface of the V-surface cylinder, the laser penetrates through the V-surface cylinder and is emitted, then the upper plastic workpiece is transmitted, the heat forming area is formed on the contact surface of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece, the lower plastic workpiece absorbs the laser light energy and converts the light energy into heat energy, the contact surface of the lower plastic workpiece is melted under the action of the heat energy, the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece are combined into an integrated structure under the action of pressure, the welding of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece is realized, compared with the traditional laser welding in the whole production process, the laser in the embodiment is subjected to the adjustment of the laser light type through the V-surface cylinder, the beam width of the laser is equal to the thicknesses of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece, namely the existing line scanning surface welding is, thereby realized the heat absorption of the face of weld of broad, shortened laser round trip movement time, and then improved welding rate, also simultaneously because adjustment laser beam is with the face of weld equal width, can effectively prevent that the local high temperature of face of weld from leading to the welding unbalance or the local high temperature of plastic work piece leads to the melting serious and form the problem of great welding mark.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper plastic workpiece is made of a material through which a light beam is transmitted, that is, the upper plastic workpiece is a light-transmitting plastic workpiece, and the laser beam can be irradiated onto the welding surface through the upper plastic workpiece.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the melting point of the V-surface cylinder is greater than the melting point of the upper plastic workpiece, the V-surface cylinder is made of a material that can be transmitted by laser, and an included angle of a V-surface of the V-surface cylinder is 30 degrees.
Example 2
A method of laser transmission welding of thermoplastics comprising the steps of:
and respectively cleaning the corresponding laminated surfaces of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece by hot air, wherein the temperature of the hot air is more specifically 120 +/-5 ℃.
Laminating and fixing the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece on a processing station, wherein a welding surface is formed on the contact surface of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece;
starting a laser emitter, and adjusting the parameters of a laser beam to ensure that the temperature of a heating area is lower than the melting temperature of an upper plastic workpiece and higher than the melting temperature of a lower plastic workpiece; at the same time, the user can select the desired position,
the laser beam sequentially penetrates through the V-surface cylinder above the processing position, the upper plastic workpiece and the laser beam, the laser beam moves back and forth along the welding surface, a heating area is formed on the welding surface, the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece are bonded under the action of pressure and laser, and particularly, the pressure between the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece is 40 Mpa.
In the embodiment, the light type of the laser is adjusted by adopting the V-surface cylinder, when the laser is emitted from the laser emitter, the laser is emitted from the V surface of the V-surface cylinder, the laser penetrates through the V-surface cylinder and is emitted, then the upper plastic workpiece is transmitted, the heat forming area is formed on the contact surface of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece, the lower plastic workpiece absorbs the laser light energy and converts the light energy into heat energy, the contact surface of the lower plastic workpiece is melted under the action of the heat energy, the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece are combined into an integrated structure under the action of pressure, the welding of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece is realized, compared with the traditional laser welding in the whole production process, the laser in the embodiment is subjected to the adjustment of the laser light type through the V-surface cylinder, the beam width of the laser is equal to the thicknesses of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece, namely the existing line scanning surface welding is, the laser welding device has the advantages that the heat absorption of a wider welding surface is realized, the laser back-and-forth movement time is shortened, the welding speed is further improved, and meanwhile, the problem that welding imbalance is caused by overhigh local temperature of the welding surface or a plastic workpiece is seriously melted to form a larger welding mark due to overhigh local temperature can be effectively prevented by adjusting the width of the laser beam equal to the width of the welding surface; in addition, in this embodiment, treat the welding face of welded upper and lower plastic workpiece before the welding and adopt hot-blast carrying out preheating treatment, can clean the welding face on the one hand, on the other hand can improve the temperature of welding face, is favorable to improving heat conduction rate when laser welding, and then improves welding rate, saves time.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper plastic workpiece is made of a material through which a light beam is transmitted, that is, the upper plastic workpiece is a light-transmitting plastic workpiece, and the laser beam can be irradiated onto the welding surface through the upper plastic workpiece.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the melting point of the V-surface cylinder is greater than the melting point of the upper plastic workpiece, the V-surface cylinder is made of a material that can be transmitted by laser, and an included angle of a V-surface of the V-surface cylinder is 30 degrees.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method of laser transmission welding of thermoplastics, comprising the steps of:
laminating and fixing an upper plastic workpiece and a lower plastic workpiece on a processing station, wherein a welding surface is formed on the contact surface of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece;
starting a laser emitter, and adjusting the parameters of a laser beam to ensure that the temperature of a heating area is lower than the melting temperature of an upper plastic workpiece and higher than the melting temperature of a lower plastic workpiece; at the same time, the user can select the desired position,
and enabling the laser beam to sequentially penetrate through the V-surface cylinder above the processing position and the upper plastic workpiece, and meanwhile, enabling the laser beam to move back and forth along the welding surface to form a heating area on the welding surface, and bonding the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece under the action of pressure and laser.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the upper plastic workpiece is made of a beam transmissive material.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the melting point of the V-faced cylinder is greater than the melting point of the upper plastic workpiece.
4. The laser transmission welding method for thermoplastic plastics according to claim 1, wherein said laser beam is caused to sequentially penetrate through said upper plastic workpiece and said V-plane cylinder above said processing position to form a heating region on said welding surface, and said upper plastic workpiece and said lower plastic workpiece are bonded under pressure of 40 ± 3MPa by the action of the laser beam and the pressure.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said laminating and affixing the upper and lower plastic workpieces to the processing station further comprises applying a laser to the interface between the upper and lower plastic workpieces to form a weld surface
And respectively carrying out hot air cleaning on the corresponding laminated surfaces of the upper plastic workpiece and the lower plastic workpiece.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the hot air temperature is 120 ℃ ± 5 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911024972.3A CN110625949B (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2019-10-25 | Laser transmission welding method for thermoplastic plastics |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911024972.3A CN110625949B (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2019-10-25 | Laser transmission welding method for thermoplastic plastics |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110625949A true CN110625949A (en) | 2019-12-31 |
| CN110625949B CN110625949B (en) | 2023-12-08 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112453697A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-03-09 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Welding method and welded body |
| CN112776347A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-05-11 | 莆田市鑫镭腾科技有限公司 | Automatic on-line plastic laser welding method and device |
| CN113478842A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-08 | 苏州大学 | Hot-pressing powder fixing process for transparent plastic connection |
| US11819942B2 (en) | 2020-12-10 | 2023-11-21 | Magna International Inc. | Method and apparatus for applying an active joining force during laser welding of overlapping workpieces |
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2019
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| CN1616218A (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-05-18 | 莱斯特加工技术公司 | Method and apparatus for heating plastics by means of laser beams |
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| CN113478842A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-08 | 苏州大学 | Hot-pressing powder fixing process for transparent plastic connection |
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| CN110625949B (en) | 2023-12-08 |
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