CN104624895A - Forward extrusion forging apparatus and forward extrusion forging method - Google Patents
Forward extrusion forging apparatus and forward extrusion forging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104624895A CN104624895A CN201410641887.2A CN201410641887A CN104624895A CN 104624895 A CN104624895 A CN 104624895A CN 201410641887 A CN201410641887 A CN 201410641887A CN 104624895 A CN104624895 A CN 104624895A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/022—Open die forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C26/00—Rams or plungers; Discs therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
Abstract
The invention relates to a forward extrusion forging apparatus and a forward extrusion forging method. The forward extrusion forging apparatus (10) includes: a die (1) having a hollow portion whose diameter is reduced at an intermediate position; and a punch (2) that is positioned behind a workpiece placed in the hollow portion, slides in the hollow portion, and extrudes the workpiece ahead of the hollow portion so that the workpiece is forged. An extruding surface (2') of the punch (2), which extrudes the workpiece, is recessed in a direction opposite an extruding direction in a manner such that a center portion of the extruding surface (2') is most recessed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forward direction (forward) and extrude forging apparatus and a kind of forward direction extrudes forging method.
Background technology
In warm and hot forging, there are roughly two kinds of form processings.One of two kinds of processing methods utilize the so-called backward method extruding manufacture compacting body (manufacturing compacting body while being extruded by target material in the opposite direction with the side of extruding of drift), and the method comprises: target material is placed in mould; And extrude drift extruding target material in utilization and extrude in the hollow bulb of drift a part for target material is expressed into while reducing its thickness.Another kind of method in two kinds of processing methods is the method utilizing so-called forward direction to extrude manufacture compacting body (manufacturing compacting body along extruding while target material is extruded in direction of drift), and the method comprises: target material is placed in the mould with hollow bulb; And utilizing the drift extruding target material without hollow bulb to be extruded by the hollow bulb of a part for target material from mould while reducing its thickness.
The rare-earth magnet of the rare earth element manufacture of such as lanthanide series is utilized to be called permanent magnet and for driving motor included in the motor of motor vehicle driven by mixed power, electric vehicle etc. and hard disk and MRI.
As the index of the magnet performance of these rare-earth magnets of instruction, such as, remanent magnetization (relict flux density) and coercivity can be used.Along with the miniaturization of motor and the raising of current density, caloric value increases, and thus improves further the requirement that the rare-earth magnet that will use should have a high-fire resistance.Correspondingly, an important subject in this technical field is the magnetic characteristic how keeping magnet when applied at elevated temperature.
The example of rare-earth magnet comprises: conventional sintered magnet, and the crystallite dimension (particle diameter) wherein forming the crystal grain (principal phase) of its tissue is about 3 μm to 5 μm; With nanocrystal magnet, wherein crystal grain is refined into the nanocrystal being of a size of about 50nm to 300nm.In the middle of these magnets, at present, nanocrystal magnet causes concern, because they can reduce the addition (or eliminating the necessity of adding heavy rare earth element) of expensive heavy rare earth element, and realizes the refinement of crystal grain.
The example of the method manufacturing rare-earth magnet will briefly be described.Such as, usually adopt the manufacture method of so a kind of rare-earth magnet (directed magnet), the method comprises: make Nd-Fe-B motlten metal rapid solidification with obtained attritive powder; Attritive powder is press-forming into rare-earth magnet precursor (sintered compacting body); And hot-working is performed to give magnetic anisotropy to it to this sintered compacting body.
In this hot-working, above-mentioned forward direction can be used to extrude or backwardly to extrude.More specifically, in extruding rear sintered compacting body be placed in mould and undertaken extruding and extruding by the drift of extruding with hollow bulb, and manufacturing rare-earth magnet precursor while extruding sintered compacting body in the opposite direction with the side of extruding.On the other hand, in forward direction is extruded, sintered compacting body be placed in mould and extrude with the drift without hollow bulb, and extruding a part for sintered compacting body from the hollow bulb of mould, manufacturing rare-earth magnet precursor thus.No matter use any extrusion method, in the rare-earth magnet precursor by obtaining with drift extruding, the direction vertical with the direction of extrusion of drift produces anisotropy.
Thus, there is multiple extrusion method.Hereinafter, the forward direction extrusion method of correlation technique will be described.
Such as, extruding in forging apparatus for the forward direction in hot-working, the diameter with the mould of hollow bulb included in this device reduces position therebetween, and the sintered compacting body (workpiece) being placed in hollow bulb is extruded into by the rear being arranged in workpiece to the front of hollow bulb and forges at the drift that hollow bulb slides.
When using this device and when workpiece forwards being extruded by the smooth face of extruding of drift, acting between the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion of mould of workpiece during extruding and have shearing friction power.Due to this shearing friction power, be difficult to smoothly workpiece be extruded forward.In this respect, this external force do not act on workpiece middle body and thus the middle body of workpiece be tending towards smoothly being extruded compared with outer peripheral portion.As a result, the middle body of sintered compacting body was extruded before its outer peripheral portion is extruded.Owing to extruding the difference in conveniency between outer peripheral portion and middle body, in compacting body, producing uneven Strain Distribution and orientation confusion.Therefore, there is the problem being difficult to manufacture the rare-earth magnet with high anisotropy.
Japanese Patent Application No.2000-343171 (JP 2000-343171 A) discloses a kind of forging method utilizing forging apparatus, has from the recessed sloping edge in its Peripheral rake ground in described forging apparatus at diameter along the distal face extruding the drift slided in mould that direction progressively reduces.According to this forging method, by the periphery of target material to be reduced with the periphery of drift the appearance of the burr that may be formed in the end of forging product towards the central compression of drift.
In drift included in forging apparatus disclosed in JP 2000-343171 A, periphery is recessed ringwise, and central authorities have and outstandingly forward smoothly extrude face.Therefore, even if use this forging apparatus, also the problem of the existing forward direction extrusion method solving correlation technique is difficult to, namely be difficult to the problem manufacturing the rare-earth magnet with high anisotropy, because the middle body of sintered compacting body was extruded by drift before the outer peripheral portion of sintered compacting body is extruded, as a result, directed confusion is produced in compacting body due to the difference extruding conveniency between outer peripheral portion and middle body.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of forward direction and extrude forging apparatus and a kind of forward direction extrudes forging method, wherein the acceptance that is easy to of the middle body and target material that are placed in the target material of mould can be extruded as far as possible equably from the outer peripheral portion of the shearing friction power of mould, and thus can manufacture the compacting body being not easy to produce uneven Strain Distribution.
A first aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of forward direction and extrudes forging apparatus, and wherein, in the mould with hollow bulb, the diameter of described hollow bulb reduces in centre position; And the workpiece being placed in described hollow bulb is extruded into by the rear being arranged in described workpiece to the front of described hollow bulb and forges at the drift that described hollow bulb slides.The face of extruding that described workpiece is extruded of described drift in the most recessed mode of the middle body extruding face described in making along recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding.
Forward direction according to a first aspect of the present invention extrude of forging apparatus distinguished be characterised in that drift workpiece is extruded extrude face, and described forward direction is extruded forging apparatus and comprised drift, the face of extruding of this drift is recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding with the mode making the middle body in the face of extruding the most recessed edge.Utilize and there is the drift of this structure, before the middle body of workpiece is extruded, the outer peripheral portion of workpiece (applying the part of shearing friction power from the inner peripheral surface of mould to it) can be extruded.As a result, the extrusion capacity of the middle body of workpiece and outer peripheral portion can be made even as far as possible.Even by the extrusion capacity of the middle body and outer peripheral portion that make workpiece, Strain Distribution uneven in the forging product manufactured by suppressing, and the forging product of high-quality can be manufactured.When this workpiece is rare-earth magnet precursor, the forging product that manufacture is directed magnet.Thus, the directed magnet with high degree of orientation and high anisotropy can be manufactured, because be not easy to produce uneven Strain Distribution.
In addition, strain and imported equably in the whole forging product that manufactures as mentioned above.Therefore, can effectively use whole forging product, and product yield/output can be improved.Such as, when forging product is directed magnet, in the forward direction of correlation technique is extruded, strain is imported in the outer peripheral portion contacted with mould of directed magnet deficiently.Correspondingly, the outer peripheral portion with low degree of orientation can not be used as product.Extruding forging apparatus by adopting this problem according to the forward direction of the above-mentioned aspect of the present invention, strain can be imported in the inside of manufactured whole directed magnet equably.Therefore, whole or substantially whole manufactured directed magnet can be used as magnet product.
Here, about structure the face of extruding of extruding workpiece of the drift " in the mode making the middle body in the face of extruding the most recessed along recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding ", the concrete example of this structure comprise the semicircle with predetermined radius of curvature, the circular arc with predetermined central angle, be there is by combination different curvature radius multiple circular arc and the shape obtained, half elliptic long in the radial direction in the face of extruding of drift and the half elliptic in the upper length of the thickness direction (extruding direction) of drift.
Drift can utilize the actuator of such as motor or cylinder mechanism to carry out extruding or can manually extruding.
Extrude forging apparatus according to the forward direction of above-mentioned aspect of the present invention to obtain by only improving the simple structure change in the face of extruding of drift.Therefore, the rising of the manufacturing cost of energy restraining device.
A second aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of forward direction and extrudes forging method, described forward direction is extruded forging method and is comprised: prepare the first step that forward direction extrudes forging apparatus, extrude in forging apparatus at described forward direction, mould has hollow bulb, the diameter of described hollow bulb reduces in the centre position of described hollow bulb, the workpiece being placed in described hollow bulb is extruded into by the rear being arranged in described workpiece to the front of described hollow bulb and forges at the drift that described hollow bulb slides, and the face of extruding that described workpiece is extruded of described drift in the most recessed mode of the middle body extruding face described in making along recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding, and second step, described second step, by the first workpiece being placed in described hollow bulb and utilizing described drift forwards to be extruded by described first workpiece and make described first workpiece be forged, carrys out obtained first forging product.
Extrude in forging method at forward direction according to a second aspect of the present invention, employ above-mentioned forward direction and extrude forging apparatus, and utilize the forward direction comprising drift to extrude forging apparatus execution and extrude forging, the face of extruding of described drift is recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding with the mode making the middle body in the face of extruding the most recessed edge.Therefore, the outer peripheral portion of workpiece can be extruded before the middle body of workpiece is extruded, and the extrusion capacity of the middle body of workpiece and outer peripheral portion can be made even as far as possible.As a result, the generation of Strain Distribution uneven in forging product can be suppressed, and the forging product of high-quality can be manufactured.
Before described first workpiece is placed in described hollow bulb, described first workpiece described extrude forward surface on direction can in the most recessed mode of the middle body of the described forward surface making described first workpiece along recessed in the opposite direction with the described side of extruding.
By utilizing forward surface in extrusion direction in the mode making the middle body of forward surface the most recessed along the workpiece recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding, except the face of extruding in the mode making the middle body in the face of extruding the most recessed except the drift recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding, the outer peripheral portion of workpiece more effectively can also be extruded forward before the middle body of workpiece is extruded.
Before described first workpiece is placed in described hollow bulb, the mode edge that backward the energy extruded by described drift of described first workpiece is given prominence to the most with the middle body of described backward that makes described first workpiece is given prominence in the opposite direction with the described side of extruding.
Due to backward of workpiece in the mode making the middle body of backward give prominence to the most along giving prominence in the opposite direction with the side of extruding, so backward of workpiece matches with the face of extruding of drift, and thus workpiece can easily be extruded by drift.Thus, more preferably the shape in the shape of backward of workpiece and the face of extruding of drift is complimentary to one another.
Extrude forging method according to the forward direction of above-mentioned aspect and also can comprise third step, described third step after described second step by second workpiece being placed in described hollow bulb at the rear of described first forging product and utilizing described drift forwards to be extruded by described second workpiece and make described second workpiece be forged, carry out obtained second forging product, and utilize described second forging product to be extruded from the outlet of described hollow bulb by described first forging product.
That so-called continuous print extrudes forging method according to the forging method of above-mentioned aspect, wherein by a workpiece being extruded and unceasingly another workpiece being extruded and increase multiple workpiece continuously.
During this continuous print extrudes forging, the first and second workpiece are extruded continuously by above-mentioned drift, the face of extruding that workpiece is extruded of described drift in the mode making the middle body in the face of extruding the most recessed along recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding.As a result, workpiece can be reduced and embedding the situation be increased under the state being arranged in another workpiece in this workpiece front in arrow mode.
Workpiece is extruded in the method for the correlation technique of being forged by the drift that the face of extruding is smooth wherein, and the middle body of workpiece is easy to first be extruded as mentioned above.Therefore, extrude in forging at continuous print, the middle body of workpiece is easy to embed in arrow mode another workpiece being arranged in this workpiece front.Confirm, when workpiece embeds in arrow mode another workpiece being arranged in this workpiece front, the sagittate part formed is easy to cracking.Therefore, this sagittate part causes the reduction of product yield.
About this problem, utilize drift to be extruded by the second workpiece being positioned at the first workpiece rear, the face of extruding that workpiece is extruded of described drift in the mode making the middle body in the face of extruding the most recessed along recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding.As a result, the middle body of second workpiece and outer peripheral portion can be extruded as far as possible equably, and effectively can reduce the formation of sagittate part.
Before described second workpiece is placed in described hollow bulb, described second workpiece described extrude forward surface on direction can in the most recessed mode of the middle body of the described forward surface making described second workpiece along recessed in the opposite direction with the described side of extruding.
Before described second workpiece is placed in described hollow bulb, the mode edge that backward the energy extruded by described drift of described second workpiece is given prominence to the most with the middle body of described backward that makes described second workpiece is given prominence in the opposite direction with the described side of extruding.
Described workpiece can be the sintered compacting body obtained by the powder pressing by rareearth magnetic material, described powder can comprise based on RE-Fe-B principal phase and be present in the Grain-Boundary Phase of the RE-X alloy around described principal phase, RE can represent at least one in Nd and Pr, X can represent metallic element, and manufacturing rare-earth magnet by performing hot-working, in described hot-working, extruding forging by forward direction give anisotropy to described sintered compacting body.
To be comprised by the example of the rare-earth magnet of the forging method manufacture according to the above-mentioned aspect of the present invention: nanocrystal magnet, wherein form the crystallite dimension of the principal phase (crystal) of its tissue at about below 200nm; Crystallite dimension is at the magnet of more than 300nm; The sintered magnet of crystallite dimension more than 1 μm; With the bonded permanent magnet that crystal grain is combined by resin binder.The size of principal phase before hot-working of preferred Magnaglo is adjusted to the average largest dimension (average largest grain size) of the principal phase of the rare-earth magnet making to be manufactured to final products for about 300nm to 400nm or less.
The example of the method manufacturing rare-earth magnet will be described.The chilling strip (chilling band) comprising fine-grain is made by liquid quench.By such as chilling band being crushed the Magnaglo for the preparation of rare-earth magnet.This Magnaglo to be filled in such as mould and sintering forms block while being extruded by drift.As a result, obtained isotropic sintered compacting body.
Such as, this sintered compacting body has the (at least one in RE:Nd and Pr of the principal phase based on RE-Fe-B comprising band nanocrystal tissue, more specifically, a kind of element selected among Nd, Pr and Nd-Pr or two or more element) and be present in the metallographic structure of Grain-Boundary Phase of the RE-X alloy (X: metallic element) around principal phase.
Rare-earth magnet as directed magnet manufactures by performing hot-extrudable forging (hot-working), in described hot-extrudable forging, in second and third step, gives anisotropy to the sintered compacting body manufactured in a first step.
As seen from the above description, utilize and extrude forging apparatus according to the forward direction of the above-mentioned aspect of the present invention and forward direction extrudes forging method, the outer peripheral portion of workpiece (applying the part of shearing friction power from the inner peripheral surface of mould to it) can be extruded before the middle body of workpiece is extruded.As a result, the extrusion capacity of the middle body of workpiece and outer peripheral portion can be made even as far as possible.Thus, the generation of Strain Distribution uneven in the forging product manufactured by suppressing, and the forging product of high-quality can be manufactured.In addition, when workpiece be the sintered compacting body obtained by the powder pressing by rareearth magnetic material and by perform utilize forward direction extrude forging to sintered compacting body give anisotropic hot-working manufacture rare-earth magnet time, can produce and there is high degree of orientation and the magnetized rare-earth magnet of high residue.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The feature of exemplary embodiment of the present invention, advantage and technology and industrial significance are described below with reference to accompanying drawings, and Reference numeral similar in the accompanying drawings represents similar key element, and wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates that forward direction according to the present invention extrudes the longitudinal section of forging apparatus;
Fig. 2 A to 2C illustrates that forward direction extrudes the longitudinal section of drift included in forging apparatus separately;
With the order of Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B, Fig. 3 A and 3B illustrates that the forward direction according to embodiments of the invention 1 extrudes the flow chart of forging method;
Fig. 4 illustrates the figure utilizing the forging method shown in Fig. 3 A and 3B to manufacture the state of forging product;
Fig. 5 illustrates the figure using the forward direction of correlation technique to extrude the forging method of forging apparatus.
Fig. 6 A and 6B illustrates that forward direction is extruded forging apparatus and is placed in the figure of the workpiece according to other embodiment of mould separately;
With the order of Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B, Fig. 7 A and 7B illustrates that the forward direction according to embodiments of the invention 2 extrudes the flow chart of forging method.
Fig. 8 illustrates that the continuous print using the forward direction of correlation technique to extrude forging apparatus extrudes the figure of forging method.
Fig. 9 A and 9B be with the order of Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B illustrate make chilling strip (chilling band) process, by such as chilling band is crushed make the Magnaglo being used for rare-earth magnet process and extruding Magnaglo with the flow chart of the process of obtained isotropic sintered compacting body.
Figure 10 is the figure of the microstructure that the sintered compacting body manufactured according to the manufacturing process in Fig. 9 A and 9B is shown;
Figure 11 is the figure of the microstructure that the rare-earth magnet manufactured by extruding forging to the sintered compacting body execution forward direction shown in Figure 10 is shown;
Figure 12 illustrates utilizing the forward direction of correlation technique extrude the compacting body of forging apparatus manufacture and utilize forward direction according to the present invention to extrude the figure of the experimental result of each position measurement processing strain of the compacting body that forging apparatus manufactures; And
Figure 13 illustrates to measure to utilize the forward direction of correlation technique extrude the compacting body of forging apparatus manufacture and utilize forward direction according to the present invention to extrude the figure of the experimental result of the length of the sagittate part of the compacting body that forging apparatus manufactures, and described sagittate part is formed during continuous print extrudes forging.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter, illustrate that forward direction according to the present invention extrudes the embodiment that forging apparatus and forward direction extrude forging method with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(forward direction extrudes forging apparatus) Fig. 1 illustrates that forward direction according to the present invention extrudes the longitudinal section of forging apparatus.Forging apparatus 10 shown in Fig. 1 comprises the mould 1 with hollow bulb H, the drift 2 that can slide in the hollow bulb H of mould 1 and during forging, heats the heater (not shown) of actuator (not shown) and the mould 1 that drift 2 is slided.
The diameter of the hollow bulb H of mould 1 reduces position therebetween.The workpiece (not shown) being placed in hollow bulb H is by the rear being arranged in workpiece and extrude to the front (in X direction) of hollow bulb H at the drift 2 that hollow bulb H slides along the inner peripheral surface 1 ' of mould 1.Workpiece is from extrusion 1 " be extruded and forged.
The diameter of the hollow bulb H of mould 1 reduces position therebetween, and workpiece is extruded through the part of this reduced and is forged.In the examples illustrated in the figures, mould has the part of a reduced, but also can have the part of the different reduced of plural diameter.
In drift 2, the face 2 ' of extruding of extruding workpiece is to make the middle body in the face of extruding 2 ' mode the most recessed along the direction recessed (depression) contrary with extruding direction (X-direction).The shape in the face 2 ' of extruding of the drift 2 shown in Fig. 1 is the circular arc with radius of curvature R 1.The face of extruding of drift included in the device of correlation technique is smooth.By contrast, according to the face of extruding 2 ' of drift 2 included in forging apparatus 10 of the present invention, there is novel structure, namely, extrude face 2 ' recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding with the mode making the middle body in the face of extruding 2 ' the most recessed edge as shown in the figure, and there is not this structure in the device of correlation technique.
Fig. 2 A to 2C illustrates other embodiment relevant with the shape in the face of extruding.
Face of the extruding 2a of the drift 2A shown in Fig. 2 A has and has two kinds of circular arcs of radius of curvature R 2 and R1 and the shape that obtains respectively by combination.
On the other hand, face of the extruding 2b of the drift 2B shown in Fig. 2 B has half elliptic long in the radial direction of drift 2B.
On the other hand, face of the extruding 2c of the drift 2C shown in Fig. 2 C has at the upper long half elliptic of the thickness direction (extruding direction: X-direction) of drift 2C.
When using any drift had among according to the drift in the face of extruding of above-described embodiment, the outer peripheral portion of workpiece (applying the part of shearing friction power from the inner peripheral portion 1 ' of mould 1 to it) can be extruded before the middle body of workpiece is extruded, because the face of extruding of extruding workpiece is to make the middle body in the face of extruding mode the most recessed recessed along the direction contrary with extruding direction (X-direction).Therefore, the outer peripheral portion being difficult to smoothly extrude due to this shearing friction power of workpiece can be extruded before middle body is extruded.As a result, the extrusion capacity of the middle body of workpiece and outer peripheral portion can be made even as far as possible.Thus, the generation of Strain Distribution uneven in the forging product manufactured by suppressing, and the forging product of high-quality can be manufactured.
With the order of Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B, (forward direction in embodiment 1 extrudes forging method) Fig. 3 A and 3B illustrates that the forward direction according to embodiments of the invention 1 extrudes the flow chart of forging method.
First, as shown in Figure 3A, the forging apparatus 10 shown in set-up dirgram 1, and the hollow bulb H (first step) workpiece W being placed in the mould 1 of forging apparatus 10.
Next, as shown in Figure 3 B, under the state that the inside of hollow bulb H is heated to predetermined temperature, drift 2 is slided in hollow bulb H, and workpiece W is extruded into forward is forged by the face 2 ' of extruding of drift 2.As a result, forging product WT (second step) is as shown in Figure 4 produced.
In the extrusion undertaken by drift 2, the outer peripheral portion of workpiece W bears the shearing friction power F from the inner peripheral portion 1 ' of mould 1 and is difficult to smoothly extrude compared with the middle body of workpiece W.
Here, Fig. 5 illustrates and utilizes the forging apparatus of correlation technique to be extruded into workpiece by the state of forging.
In the forging apparatus of correlation technique, make to have the smooth drift Pa extruding face and slide in mould Di and workpiece W is extruded into and forged.With use shown in Fig. 3 B according to of the present invention forging apparatus 10 when the same, shearing friction power F puts on the outer peripheral portion of workpiece W and the outer peripheral portion of workpiece W is not smoothly extruded compared with the middle body of workpiece W.When workpiece W in this case by have the smooth drift Pa extruding face extrude time, the middle body be easy to by smoothly extruding of workpiece W was extruded before outer peripheral portion is extruded.Thus, as shown in Figure 5, workpiece W is extruded and is forged under the outstanding state in direction (X-direction) is extruded on middle body edge.As a result, be easy in manufactured forging product produce uneven Strain Distribution.This can affect the quality of forging product.
By contrast, for forging apparatus 10 according to the present invention, the outer peripheral portion of workpiece W (applying the part of shearing friction power F from the inner peripheral portion 1 ' of mould 1 to it) can be extruded before the middle body of workpiece W is extruded, because the face 2 ' of extruding of extruding workpiece W of drift 2 is to make the middle body in the face of extruding 2 ' mode the most recessed recessed along the direction contrary with extruding direction (X-direction).Therefore, workpiece due to shearing friction power F, the outer peripheral portion be difficult to by smoothly extruding can be extruded before middle body is extruded.As a result, the extrusion capacity of the middle body of workpiece and outer peripheral portion can be made even as far as possible.Thus, the generation of Strain Distribution uneven in the forging product manufactured by suppressing, and the forging product of high-quality can be manufactured.
(workpiece that will extrude and forge in other embodiment) Fig. 6 A and 6B illustrates that forward direction is extruded forging apparatus and is placed in the figure of the workpiece according to other embodiment of mould of forging apparatus separately.
In the workpiece Wa shown in Fig. 6 A, extruding the forward surface on direction (X-direction) in the mode making the middle body of forward surface the most recessed along recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding.The same when various shape with the face of extruding of the drift shown in Fig. 2 A, 2B and 2C, various shape can be adopted as the shape of the forward surface of workpiece, as long as the forward surface of workpiece is recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding with the mode making the middle body of forward surface the most recessed edge.
By not only utilizing the face 2 ' of extruding of drift 2 included in forging apparatus 10 but also utilizing the workpiece Wa shown in Fig. 6 A, the outer peripheral portion of workpiece Wa can divide in the central portion be extruded before more effectively extruded forward, and the extrusion capacity of the middle body of workpiece Wa and outer peripheral portion can be made even.
On the other hand, in the workpiece Wb shown in Fig. 6 B, the same with when workpiece Wa, extruding the forward surface on direction (X-direction) in the mode making the middle body of forward surface the most recessed along recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding.In addition, (in other words, this backward face is protruding) is given prominence in the mode making this middle body of backward give prominence to the most in the opposite direction along with the side of extruding for backward that is extruded by drift 2 of workpiece Wb.The shape complementarity in the shape of backward of workpiece Wb and the face 2 ' of extruding of drift 2.When the backward face of workpiece Wb is engaged in the face of extruding 2 ' of drift 2, two surfaces contact with each other, and workpiece Wb is easy to be extruded by drift 2.
Thus, by with the same shape of forward surface and/or the shape of backward improving the workpiece that will extrude along extruding direction and forge in the examples illustrated in the figures, due to the combined effect of the shape in the face of extruding of the shape after improving of the forward surface of workpiece and/or the shape after improving of backward of workpiece and drift, the extrusion capacity of each several part of workpiece can be made even as far as possible.Therefore, the forging product of the high-quality that not there is uneven Strain Distribution or there is slightly uneven Strain Distribution can be produced.
(forward direction in embodiment 2 extrudes forging method) Fig. 7 A and 7B illustrates with the order of Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B to extrude forging method according to the forward direction of embodiments of the invention 2 that is illustrate that multiple forging product manufactured midsequent out while being increased continuously extrudes the flow chart of forging method.
First, as shown in Figure 7 A, the forging apparatus 10 shown in set-up dirgram 1, and hollow bulb H workpiece W being placed in the mould 1 of forging apparatus 10, and drift 2 is slided.As a result, the first forging product WT1 (the first and second steps) is produced.Next, drift 2 is returned backward, and another workpiece W is placed in hollow bulb H.
Next, by making drift 2 again slide, workpiece W is extruded into forward and is forged, and increase by the second forging product WT2 (third step) continuously at the rear of the first forging product WT1.
Here, sagittate part Ya is roughly formed in the end of the second forging product WT2, and this sagittate part Ya embeds in the first forging product WT1.
This sagittate part Ya has the intensity more weak than the other parts of forging product and is thus easy to cracking.Therefore, the scope (scope of the width t1 in Fig. 7 B) that there is sagittate part Ya can not be used as final products and cause product yield to reduce.Therefore, preferably perform continuous print and extrude forging to make sagittate part Ya shown in the drawings little as far as possible.
Fig. 8 illustrates that the continuous print using the forward direction of correlation technique to extrude forging apparatus extrudes the figure of forging method.
As shown in FIG., because the face of extruding of drift Pa included in forging apparatus is smooth, so first the middle body of workpiece is extruded.As a result, the second forging product WT2 that the length t2 (t2 > t1) of wherein outstanding forward sagittate part Ya ' is long is produced at the rear of the first obtained in advance forging product WT1.
The length t1 of the sagittate part Ya shown in Fig. 7 B is obviously short than the length t2 of the sagittate part Ya ' shown in Fig. 8, and thus can improve product yield significantly.
(manufacture method of rare-earth magnet) is following, briefly explains the manufacture method of rare-earth magnet with reference to Fig. 9 A to 11.Fig. 9 A and 9B be with the order of Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B illustrate make chilling strip (chilling band) process, by such as chilling band is crushed make the Magnaglo being used for rare-earth magnet process and extruding Magnaglo with the flow chart of the process of obtained isotropic sintered compacting body.In addition, Figure 10 is the figure of the microstructure that the sintered compacting body manufactured according to the manufacturing process in Fig. 9 A and 9B is shown.In addition, Figure 11 is the figure of the microstructure that the rare-earth magnet manufactured by extruding forging to the sintered compacting body execution forward direction shown in Figure 10 is shown.
As shown in Figure 9 A, what be decompressed to such as below 50kPa wherein has in the stove (not shown) of Ar gas atmosphere, carry out high-frequency heating by utilizing single roller melt spinning method and make alloy pig melting, and the motlten metal of the component with rare-earth magnet is injected into copper roller R to make chilling band B, and this chilling band B is crushed.
Among the particle of the chilling band B crushed, select maximum particle diameter at the particle of about below 200nm.As shown in Figure 9 B, by these grain packings in the cavity limited by sintered carbide die D and the hard alloy punch head P that slides in hollow bulb.Next, wherein heated particle is carried out by making electric current flow through along the direction of extrusion (Z-direction) while utilizing hard alloy punch head P to extrude.As a result, produce the sintered compacting body S of quadrangular shape, this sintered compacting body comprises: the Nd-Fe-B principal phase (crystallite dimension is about 50nm to 200nm) with nanocrystal tissue; And be present in the Grain-Boundary Phase of the Nd-X alloy (X: metallic element) around principal phase.
Here, form alloy that the Nd-X alloy of Grain-Boundary Phase is at least one in Co, Fe, Ga etc. and Nd and be in rich Nd state.Such as, the mixture selecting a kind of alloy or two or more alloy among Nd-Co, Nd-Fe, Nd-Ga, Nd-Co-Fe and Nd-Co-Fe-Ga can be used.
As shown in Figure 10, sintered compacting body S has Grain-Boundary Phase BP and is filled in isotropic crystalline structure between nano crystal particles MP (principal phase).
Once produce the sintered compacting body S of quadrangular shape, just extruded by the forward direction shown in Fig. 3 A and 3B and hot-working is performed to give magnetic anisotropy to sintered compacting body S to it.As a result, rare-earth magnet (directed magnet) is produced.
Such as, when representing the thickness of sintered compacting body before hot-working with s1 and representing the thickness of the rare-earth magnet produced by hot-working with s2, working modulus is represented with (s1-s2)/s1.Hot-working is performed preferably by extruding the working modulus of forging with 60% to 80%.Preferably the hot worked strain rate extruding period is adjusted to more than 0.1/sec.
As shown in figure 11, by performing hot-working to extrude forging, in manufactured rare-earth magnet C (directed magnet), semiconductor nanocrystal particles MP has flat pattern, and its interface being roughly parallel to anisotropy axis is bending or flexing.This rare-earth magnet C has high magnetic anisotropy.
Directed magnet C shown in the drawings have comprise based on RE-Fe-B principal phase (at least one in RE:Nd and Pr) and be present in the metallographic structure of Grain-Boundary Phase of the RE-X alloy (X: metallic element) around principal phase.In directed magnet C, the content ratio of RE is 29 quality %≤RE≤32 quality %, and the average grain size of the principal phase of manufactured rare-earth magnet is preferably 300nm.Because the content of RE is than in above-mentioned scope, so the effect of the cracking suppressed during hot-working can be improved further, and high degree of orientation can be guaranteed.In addition, because the content of RE is than in above-mentioned scope, so the size of principal phase can be guaranteed, high relict flux density can be guaranteed in this size.
In addition, the grain boundary decision not comprising the modified alloy of heavy rare earth metal by the heavy rare earth metal of such as Dy in rare-earth magnet and such as Nd-Cu alloy, Nd-Al alloy, Pr-Cu alloy or Pr-Al alloy etc. improves the coercivity of manufactured rare-earth magnet (directed magnet) further.Such as, the eutectic temperature of Nd-Cu alloy is about 520 DEG C, and the eutectic temperature of Pr-Cu alloy is about 480 DEG C, and the eutectic temperature of Nd-Al alloy is about 640 DEG C, and the eutectic temperature of Pr-Al alloy is about 650 DEG C.Because the eutectic temperature of above-mentioned modified alloy is significantly lower than the scope (forming the coarse grains of nanocrystal magnet within the scope of this) of 700 DEG C to 1000 DEG C, so particularly preferably use described modified alloy when rare-earth magnet is nanocrystal magnet.
Be described to the experiment and result of measuring processing strain at the compacting body utilizing the forward direction of correlation technique to extrude forging apparatus manufacture and each position that utilizes forward direction according to the present invention to extrude the compacting body of forging apparatus manufacture.Inventors performed and measure at utilize the forward direction of correlation technique to extrude compacting body (comparative example 1) that forging apparatus manufactures and each position that utilizes forward direction according to the present invention to extrude the compacting body (example 1 and 2) that forging apparatus manufactures the experiment that processing strains.
In each comparative example 1 and example 1 and 2, continuous print is carried out to two workpiece and has extruded forging.The cross sectional shape of the workpiece of comparative example 1 and example 1 is rectangle, and the cross sectional shape of the forward surface of the workpiece of example 2 and backward is bending as shown in Figure 6B.Result is shown in Figure 12.
In fig. 12, the measuring position of 0mm is the position of the inner peripheral surface of the reduced part at mould, and the measuring position of 1.8mm is the middle position of the reduced part at mould.
From Figure 12 find, the processing Strain Distribution in the whole workpiece of example 1 than comparative example 1 evenly.
In addition find, the processing Strain Distribution in the whole workpiece of example 2 than example 1 evenly.
Can confirm from above experimental result, extrude forging by utilizing at the forging apparatus execution forward direction according to the present invention in shape with distinguished feature in the face of extruding of drift, Strain Distribution uneven in forging product can be alleviated.In addition can confirm, by the further improvement to the forward surface of workpiece and the shape of backward, Strain Distribution uneven in forging product can be alleviated further.
Utilize the forward direction of correlation technique extrude the compacting body of forging apparatus manufacture and utilize forward direction according to the present invention to extrude the experiment of the length of the sagittate part of the compacting body of forging apparatus manufacture and result is described by measuring, described sagittate part is formed during continuous print extrudes forging.Inventors performed to measure and compare utilizes the forward direction of correlation technique extrude the compacting body (comparative example 2) of forging apparatus manufacture and utilize forward direction according to the present invention to extrude the experiment of the length of the sagittate part of the compacting body (example 3) that forging apparatus manufactures, and described sagittate part is formed during continuous print extrudes forging.In this experiment, coefficient of friction be 0.1,0.08 and 0.06 three kinds of lubricants be applied to the inner peripheral surface of mould.Result is shown in Figure 13.
Can confirm from Figure 13, under all coefficient of frictions, length remarkable reduction compared with comparative example 2 of the sagittate part of example 3, particularly, compared with comparative example 2, the length of the sagittate part of example 3 reduces about 50% under the coefficient of friction of 0.1 and 0.08, and reduces about 90% under the coefficient of friction of 0.06.
Above with reference to the accompanying drawings of embodiments of the invention.But concrete configuration is not limited to described embodiment, present invention resides in the design alteration etc. not departing from and make in the scope of the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. forward direction extrudes a forging apparatus, and wherein, in the mould (1) with hollow bulb, the diameter of described hollow bulb reduces in centre position; And the workpiece being placed in described hollow bulb is extruded into by the rear being arranged in described workpiece to the front of described hollow bulb and forges at the drift (2) that described hollow bulb slides, and the feature that described forward direction extrudes forging apparatus is
The face of extruding (2 ') that described workpiece is extruded of described drift (2) in the most recessed mode of the middle body extruding face (2 ') described in making along recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding.
2. forward direction extrudes a forging method, it is characterized in that comprising:
Prepare the first step that forward direction extrudes forging apparatus, extrude in forging apparatus at described forward direction, mould (1) has hollow bulb, the diameter of described hollow bulb reduces in the centre position of described hollow bulb, the workpiece being placed in described hollow bulb is extruded into by the rear being arranged in described workpiece to the front of described hollow bulb and forges at the drift (2) that described hollow bulb slides, and the face of extruding (2 ') that described workpiece is extruded of described drift (2) in the most recessed mode of the middle body extruding face (2 ') described in making along recessed in the opposite direction with the side of extruding, with
Second step, described second step, by the first workpiece being placed in described hollow bulb and utilizing described drift (2) forwards to be extruded by described first workpiece and make described first workpiece be forged, carrys out obtained first forging product.
3. forward direction according to claim 2 extrudes forging method, wherein
Before described first workpiece is placed in described hollow bulb, described first workpiece extrude forward surface on direction in the most recessed mode of the middle body of the described forward surface making described first workpiece along recessed in the opposite direction with the described side of extruding described.
4. forward direction according to claim 3 extrudes forging method, wherein
Before described first workpiece is placed in described hollow bulb, backward the mode of giving prominence to the most with the middle body of described backward that makes described first workpiece extruded by described drift (2) of described first workpiece is along giving prominence in the opposite direction with the described side of extruding.
5. the forward direction according to any one of claim 2 to 4 extrudes forging method, also comprises:
Third step, described third step after described second step by second workpiece being placed in described hollow bulb at the rear of described first forging product and utilizing described drift (2) forwards to be extruded by described second workpiece and make described second workpiece be forged, carry out obtained second forging product, and utilize described second forging product to be extruded from the outlet of described hollow bulb by described first forging product.
6. forward direction according to claim 5 extrudes forging method, wherein
Before described second workpiece is placed in described hollow bulb, described second workpiece extrude forward surface on direction in the most recessed mode of the middle body of the described forward surface making described second workpiece along recessed in the opposite direction with the described side of extruding described.
7. forward direction according to claim 6 extrudes forging method, wherein
Before described second workpiece is placed in described hollow bulb, backward the mode of giving prominence to the most with the middle body of described backward that makes described second workpiece extruded by described drift (2) of described second workpiece is along giving prominence in the opposite direction with the described side of extruding.
8. the forward direction according to any one of claim 2 to 7 extrudes forging method, wherein
Described workpiece is the sintered compacting body obtained by the powder pressing by rareearth magnetic material,
Described powder comprise based on RE-Fe-B principal phase and be present in the Grain-Boundary Phase of the RE-X alloy around described principal phase,
RE represents at least one in Nd and Pr,
X represents metallic element, and
Manufacturing rare-earth magnet by performing hot-working, in described hot-working, extruding forging by forward direction give anisotropy to described sintered compacting body.
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| JP2013-235268 | 2013-11-13 | ||
| JP2013235268A JP2015093312A (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2013-11-13 | Forward extrusion forging device and forward extrusion forging method |
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| US (1) | US20150128679A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2015093312A (en) |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113226582A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2021-08-06 | 美国密歇根州立大学董事会 | Extruding metal material using extrusion pad having curved surface |
| CN114192719A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-18 | 华中科技大学 | High-temperature alloy extrusion-forging forming die, method and application thereof |
| CN117380956A (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-01-12 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Low-cost high-homogeneity large-specification powder high-temperature alloy bar and hot extrusion method thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114951658B (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-11-25 | 浙江勇腾科技有限公司 | Powder metallurgy ball-type bearing extrusion forming die |
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| BR112013006106B1 (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2020-03-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | METHOD OF RARE-LAND MAGNET PRODUCTION |
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- 2014-11-12 US US14/539,243 patent/US20150128679A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| US2491897A (en) * | 1945-08-31 | 1949-12-20 | Lorant Hugo | Closure plug |
| US3303684A (en) * | 1963-12-09 | 1967-02-14 | Michael Flynn Mfg Company | Fixed dummy block for extrusion press |
| JPS52133855A (en) * | 1976-05-04 | 1977-11-09 | Japan Steel Works Ltd | Push board for fixed push board process in metal extrusion forming |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113226582A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2021-08-06 | 美国密歇根州立大学董事会 | Extruding metal material using extrusion pad having curved surface |
| CN114192719A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-18 | 华中科技大学 | High-temperature alloy extrusion-forging forming die, method and application thereof |
| CN117380956A (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-01-12 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Low-cost high-homogeneity large-specification powder high-temperature alloy bar and hot extrusion method thereof |
| CN117380956B (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-03-12 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Low-cost high-homogeneity large-specification powder high-temperature alloy bar and hot extrusion method thereof |
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| JP2015093312A (en) | 2015-05-18 |
| US20150128679A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
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