CN104618297B - Signal transmitting and method of reseptance based on OFDM-DCSK communication systems - Google Patents
Signal transmitting and method of reseptance based on OFDM-DCSK communication systems Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
OFDM DCSK communication systems, it is related to wireless communication field, the present invention is to increase data rate in OFDM DCSK systems, solve RF latency issues, the present invention is incoherent chaos communications, in this scenario, all subcarriers are divided into several groups, and every group of central subcarrier transmits chaos reference sequences, and the subcarrier in other groups is used for transmitting the data flow modulated.Therefore the availability of frequency spectrum is improved compared to traditional DCSK systems, this transmission structure.The data received are demodulated without radio frequency delay circuit in receiving terminal, this is applied to condition of providing convenience in practice for the system.The present invention is suitable for wireless communication occasion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication field.
Background technology
Since chaotic signal has following characteristic：Aperiodicity, certainty, noise like, broadband and it is easy to produce.Closely
Chaotic communication system is widely studied over year, interior in the past few years, proposes a series of chaotic modulation schemes successively, wherein
Difference chaotic offset keying (DCSK) due to its good noise robustness and simple transmission demand, is most suitable for applied to real
The modulation system on border.See document 1 disclosed in 2011：《Performance analysis of differential
chaotic shift keying communications in MIMO systems》With 2004 disclosed in document 2
《Exact analytical bit error rates for multiple access chaos-based
communication systems》；
In order to improve the availability of frequency spectrum of DCSK systems, document 3 disclosed in 2012：《High-efficiency
differential-chaos-shift keying scheme for chaos-based noncoherent
communication》In propose efficient DCSK (HE-DCSK).But the radio frequency of its receiving terminal (RF) delay circuit is not easy to
It is applied in CMOS technologies.
The document 4 disclosed in 2011：《A novel differential chaos shift keying
modulation scheme》With 2012 disclosed in document 5：《Design of a high-data-rate
differential chaos-shift keying system》In, author proposes code multiplexing DCSK (CS-DCSK) and goes to overcome
The problem of RF delays.Reference signal and information signal are separated by walsh sequence and chaotically coding sequence respectively.H.Yang and
G.Jiang, which puts forward RM-DCSK schemes, to be reduced complexity and improves information rate.
Document 6 disclosed in 2010《M-DCSK-based chaotic communications in MIMO multipath
channels with no channel state information》It has studied Mary DCSK.As multi-level DCSK,
Mary DCSK systems improve information rate, but compared with DCSK systems, the system is excessively complicated.
Document 7 disclosed in 2013：《Design and analysis of a multi-carrier
differential chaos shift keying communication system》In, author proposes multicarrier DCSK
(MC-DCSK) technology improves energy efficiency, solves the problems, such as RF demonstrations, and improve BER performances.
Document 8 disclosed in 2012：《OFDM-based chaotic spread spectrum communications
with high bandwidth efficiency》In, author proposes incoherent based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Chaotic communication system.
Document 9 disclosed in 2014：《An OFDM-based chaotic DSSS communication system
with M-PSK modulation》In, author modulates with reference to Mary phase-shift keying (PSK)s, based on OFDM technology, it is proposed that one kind is relevant
Chaos direct sequence spread spectrum communication system.
By chaotic communication be applied to feasibility in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channel disclosed in 2009 it is literary
Offer 10：《Space-time coding and processing with differential chaos shift keying
scheme》Middle confirmation, wherein being used as Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) using Alamouti codes.Then the document disclosed in 2011
11：《Performance analysis of differential chaotic shift keying communications
in MIMO systems》, the authors' analysis BER performances of MIMO-DCSK.However, for STBC decodings, it is necessary to which extra is hard
Part circuit estimates channel condition information (CSI).In order to solve the problems, such as CSI and reduce the complexity realized, author was in 2013
Disclosed document 12：《One analog STBC-DCSK transmission scheme not requiring channel
state information》In propose the STBC-DCSK schemes of simulation, it considers two or three transmission antennas and
The mode of single reception antenna.
Many documents propose the method for analyzing performance of DCSK systems, the document 13 as disclosed in 2012：《A
generalized BER prediction method for differential chaos shift keying system
through different communication channels》, document 14 disclosed in 2010 years：《Design and
simulation of a cooperative communication system based on DCSK/FM-DCSK》、2000
Disclosed document 15：《Performance analysis of correlation-based communication
schemes utilizing chaos》.Gaussian approximation method (GA) can accurately be estimated under conditions of spreading factor is bigger
Count out BER performances.But when spreading factor is smaller, GA shows the estimation of low precision.Accurate method is given in document 13
Go out.Method based on chaos Energy distribution can be accurate in additive white Gaussian noise awgn channel, Rice channel and Rayleigh channel
Estimation DCSK systems BER performances.Certainly also there are many documents to focus on DCSK systems and apply property in collaboration communication field
It can analyze, such as document 16 disclosed in 2011：《Performance of DCSK cooperative communication
systems over multipath fading channels》With 2013 disclosed in document 17《Performance of
MIMO relay DCSK-CD systems over nakagami fading channels》。
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to increase data rate in OFDM-DCSK systems, solve RF latency issues, so as to provide one kind
OFDM-DCSK communication systems.
The signal transmitting method of OFDM-DCSK communication systems is：
Step 1: under the transmission of every frame OFDM-DCSK, original information bits b=[b0,b1,…,bM×L]∈{0,1}
Modulated through BPSK, obtain serial modulation sequence d；M+1 is sub-carrier number；
Step 2: by serial modulation sequence d carry out it is serial/parallel change, obtain L group Parallel Sequences；For l group subcarriers,
Parallel Sequence is expressed asM=1,2 ..., M；L=1,2 ..., L；β is spreading factor；
Step 3: using chaos reference sequences xlRespectively by information bitSpread toAnd point
It is fitted on m-th of subcarrier of l groups；
The chaos reference sequences xlProduced by 2 rank Chebyshev inequalities (CPF)；
Wherein：2 rank Chebyshev inequalities are：
For l groups, orderRepresent chaos reference sequences；
Step 4: Parallel Sequence is sent in wireless channel after IFFT conversions and parallel/serial conversion；
The signal acceptance method of OFDM-DCSK communication systems is：
Step 5: receiving terminal receives signal r from wireless channel, and after serial/parallel conversion and FFT transform, obtain parallel
Sequence；
Step 6: being decoded respectively to every group of sequence, the decoding process of every group of subcarrier is identical, with first group of subcarrier
Exemplified by, its coding/decoding method is：
First, central subcarrier is stored into matrix P, remaining M data-signal is stored into the 2nd matrix S；Matrix P
Provided respectively in following formula with S：
Wherein：To be added to j-th of sample of AWGN in reference signal,To be added in first group of m-th of subcarrier
AWGN j-th of sample；
After β time, all samples are all stored into an OFDM-DCSK frame, and decoding step is activated,
Finally, M bit of transmission is decoded by the symbol parallel of calculating matrix product；
Wherein：× it is multiplication of matrices, ' transposition of representing matrix；
Step 7: decoded signal is carried out parallel/serial conversion, and it is demodulated, obtains original information bits b, and it is defeated
Go out.
The decoded specific method of symbol parallel that the M bit sent described in step 6 passes through calculating matrix product is：
Step A, initial m=1；
Step B, according to formula：
The sum of calculating observation signal
Step C, by the sum of observation signalCompared with threshold value 0：
Complete the decoding to this group of sequence；
Step D, m=M is judged whether, if it is, terminating；Step B is performed if it is not, then returning.
The present invention than DCSK systems, 1) capacity usage ratio DBR brought up into M/ (M+1), wherein DCSK systems from 1/2
Each information signal of uniting is required for a reference signal, and M bit of OFDM-DCSK signals shares a reference signal；2) imitate
Very the results show that under the identical β factors, the performance of OFDM-DCSK systems is more preferable；3) solve be present in DCSK systems,
The RF latency issues of HE-DCSK and CS-DCSK systems.Compared to ofdm system, sent out at the same time without channel estimation in receiving terminal
Sending end is without CSI feedback.Compared with the OFDM-CSK in document 8, the present invention can obtain more preferably in 2 footpath Rayleigh channels
BER performances.It can be more easily applied for reality.
Brief description of the drawings
The signal format signal of Fig. 1 is OFDM-DCSK l groups (l=1,2 ..., L) m-th (m=1,2 ..., M) carrier wave
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the transmitting terminal signal flow schematic diagram of OFDM-CDMA；
Fig. 3 is the receiving end signal flow diagram of OFDM-CDMA；
Embodiment
Embodiment one, illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, OFDM-DCSK communication systems,
The signal transmitting method of OFDM-DCSK communication systems is：
Step 1: under the transmission of every frame OFDM-DCSK, original information bits b=[b0,b1,…,bM×L]∈{0,1}
Modulated through BPSK, obtain serial modulation sequence d；M+1 is sub-carrier number；
Step 2: by serial modulation sequence d carry out it is serial/parallel change, obtain L group Parallel Sequences；For l group subcarriers,
Parallel Sequence is expressed asM=1,2 ..., M；L=1,2 ..., L；β is spreading factor；
Step 3: using chaos reference sequences xlRespectively by information bitSpread toAnd point
It is fitted on m-th of subcarrier of l groups；
The chaos reference sequences xlProduced by 2 rank Chebyshev inequalities (CPF)；
Wherein：2 rank Chebyshev inequalities are：
For l groups, orderRepresent chaos reference sequences；
Step 4: Parallel Sequence is sent in wireless channel after IFFT conversions and parallel/serial conversion；
The signal acceptance method of OFDM-DCSK communication systems is：
Step 5: receiving terminal receives signal r from wireless channel, and after serial/parallel conversion and FFT transform, obtain parallel
Sequence；
Step 6: being decoded respectively to every group of sequence, the decoding process of every group of subcarrier is identical, with first group of subcarrier
Exemplified by, its coding/decoding method is：
First, central subcarrier is stored into matrix P, remaining M data-signal is stored into the 2nd matrix S；Matrix P
Provided respectively in following formula with S：
Wherein：To be added to j-th of sample of AWGN in reference signal,To be added in first group of m-th of subcarrier
AWGN j-th of sample；
After β time, all samples are all stored into an OFDM-DCSK frame, and decoding step is activated,
Finally, M bit of transmission is decoded by the symbol parallel of calculating matrix product；
Wherein：× it is multiplication of matrices, ' the transposition of representing matrix；
Step 7: decoded signal is carried out parallel/serial conversion, and it is demodulated, obtains original information bits b, and it is defeated
Go out.
The decoded specific method of symbol parallel that the M bit sent described in step 6 passes through calculating matrix product is：
Step A, initial m=1；
Step B, according to formula：
The sum of calculating observation signal
Step C, by the sum of observation signalCompared with threshold value 0：
Complete the decoding to this group of sequence；
Step D, m=M is judged whether, if it is, terminating；Step B is performed if it is not, then returning.
Principle：Signal format and chaos generator
According to 3GPP technical reports, for given transmission bandwidth (Bw), the number of sub carrier wave (N of OFDMsub) should be less than
FFT points (Nfft).Make NpilotFor the number of pilot sub-carrier (reference subcarrier), NdataFor the data (N of data subcarrierpilot
+Ndata=Nsub)。
Inspired by the comb pilot frequency mode of OFDM, in order to improve data rate, solve the problems, such as RF, the present invention proposes one kind
The scheme of new DCSK communication systems, is named as OFDM-DCSK.
For incoherent DCSK communication systems, it is necessary to transmit reference signal and replace frequency pilot sign.Therefore, in OFDM
Pilot sub-carrier can be used to deliver the reference signal of OFDM-DCSK systems.
For the OFDM-DCSK schemes of proposition, first by NsubA subcarrier is divided into L groups, and every group shares M+1 subcarrier
(Nsub=L × (M+1)).Central subcarrier transmission chaos reference channel in every group, remaining M carrier wave transmit information.In Fig. 1
In illustrate the signal format of m-th of (m=1,2 ..., M) carrier wave of OFDM-DCSK l groups (l=1,2 ..., L), whereinRepresent j-th of (j=0,1 ..., β -1) element of m-th of subcarrier of l groups；Represent the
J-th of element of the chaos reference signal on the subcarrier of l groups center；β is spreading factor.
Chaos sequence is produced by 2 rank Chebyshev inequalities (CPF), wherein 2 rank Chebyshev inequalities are：
For l groups, orderRepresent chaos reference sequences.Different chaos sequences is at the beginning of different
Value produces.
In addition, all chaos sequences are all normalized, therefore their average is zero, mean-square value 1, E (xj)=
0 and E (x2 j)=1.Under conditions of big spreading factor, two chaos sequence RlAnd RkCorrelation can be approximated to be E [Rk·
Rl]=β is as k=l, E [Rk·Rl]=0 is as k ≠ l, wherein Rk·RlRepresent the dot product of two chaos vectors.
Transmitting terminal
The sending end structure of OFDM-CDMA is as shown in Figure 2.For the transmission time of every frame OFDM-DCSK, information bit b
=[b0,b1,…,bM×L] ∈ { 0,1 } is modulated to d by BPSK.Then serial d is converted into Parallel Sequence.For l groups
Carrier wave, Parallel Sequence are expressed as
In addition, information bitBy chaos reference sequences xlSpread toAnd it is assigned to l groups
M-th of subcarrier on.Finally, Parallel Sequence is converted into serial sequence by IFFT and is sent in wireless channel.The present invention examines
Additive white noise channel (AWGN) is considered.
Receiving terminal：
It is as shown in Figure 3 to receive structure.The receiving terminal of the present invention compared to DCSK schemes without RF delay circuits, compared to
Ofdm system is without channel estimation and equalization.What the present invention utilized is noncoherent detection method.The solution of difference group subcarrier
Code process is similar.Therefore, hereinafter we only need to focus on first group of subcarrier.
First, central subcarrier is stored into matrix P, remaining M data-signal is stored into the 2nd matrix S.Matrix P
Provided respectively in following formula with S：
WhereinTo be added to j-th of sample of AWGN in reference signal,To be added in first group of m-th of subcarrier
J-th of sample of AWGN.
After β time, all samples are all stored into an OFDM-DCSK frame, and decoding step is activated.
Finally, M bit of transmission is decoded by the symbol parallel of calculating matrix product.
Wherein × and it is multiplication of matrices, ' the transposition of representing matrix.In fact, formula (3) is equal to following a few steps：
1), initial m=1；
2), the sum of calculating observation signal：
3), compared with threshold value 0；
If 4), m=M, stop；Otherwise rebound (2).
Performance evaluation：
In this section, we calculate the capacity usage ratio of the OFDM-DCSK of proposition first.Then give in AWGN
Derived under channel using the bit error rate performance of Gaussian approximation.
A, capacity usage ratio
Compared to DCSK systems, new system improves capacity usage ratio.Make EdataAnd ErefThe in letters sent are represented respectively
Cease the energy of sequence and reference sequences.For traditional DCSK systems, the bit energy E of transmissionbIt can be expressed as：
Eb=Edata+Eref (4)
It is assumed that information and reference sequences have identical energy, wherein：
Secondly, for a given bit, energy is sent：
In our OFDM-DCSK systems, each subcarrier group, a reference energy ErefBit is sent by M to be total to
Enjoy.
Therefore, for given bit, energy is sent：
The ratio DBR for defining information energy and bit energy is：
Traditional DCSK systems, DBR 1/2, it means that have 50% bit energy EbFor sending reference signal.And
For OFDM-DCSK systems, DBR is M/ (M+1).Work as M>When 10, the energy of reference signal is less than gross energy Eb10%.Therefore
The capacity usage ratio ratio DCSK systems of OFDM-DCSK systems add.
B, BER is derived：
The BER performances of OFDM-DCSK have been derived under awgn channel.Each subcarrier group has identical structure, and
Also there is identical structure with each information carrier in group, therefore, only need to focus on l-th of (l=1,2 ..., L) carrier wave set
M-th of (m=1,2 ..., M) information carrier.In derivation, the method for Gaussian approximation (GA) is used, it is to big spread spectrum
It is highly effective under the conditions of the factor.
Therefore performance can be derived by their average of calculating and variance.Since the initial value of chaos sequence is sensitive
Property, one can consider that the different chaos sequences that different primary condition produce are independent of each other.In addition, according to document
[23], Gaussian noise and chaos sequence are also independent of each other.It is normalized by the CPF chaos sequences produced, has equal
It is worth for 0, mean-square value is 1 characteristic, and under the conditions of big spreading factor, the correlation of two different chaos sequences can represent
For E [Rk·Rl]=0 is as k ≠ l.
M-th of observation signal of l groupsIt is expressed as：
WhereinWithIt is two independent Gaussian noises, comes from information bit and chaos reference bits respectively.
Formula (6) can be converted into simple form：
In formula (7), Section 1 is useful signal, other two be all zero-mean additive noise interference.
OrderTransmission bit energy for the information sequence given in l group carrier waves, can be expressed as：
Then, formula (7) can be write as：
Wherein：
For given m-th of subcarrier of l groups, average and variance are as follows：
Assuming thatWithIt is zero-mean, power spectral density N0/ 2 broadband AWGN.Gaussian noise is only with chaos sequence
Vertical, and different chaos sequences is independent of each other, and therefore (13) can be reduced to：
Assuming that bit energy is a definite variable, using formula (12) and (14), bit error rate performance can be calculated：
Wherein：It is error function.
Since other information bits have above-mentioned identical structure, the BER performances of OFDM-DCSK can describe
For：
The present invention designs a kind of new transmission structure in transmitting terminal.Since chaotic signal is adapted to spread spectrum communication, I
Focus on multi-carrier direct sequence CDMA (MC-DS-DCSK).In addition, OFDM is a kind of special case of multicarrier.Solution
The key of code OFDM is the estimation of accurate channel parameter.The elementary tactics of OFDM channel estimations is that decision pilot channel is estimated
Meter and Auxiliary Pilot Channel estimation.Estimate there are two kinds of basic models here for Auxiliary Pilot Channel：Block formula and comb.For
Comb pilot frequency mode, aiming symbol are distributed in data subcarrier.Generally speaking, guiding subcarrier is equally spaced on frequency domain,
And guided vehicle proportion is equal to 1/8.The comb bootmode of above-mentioned OFDM has given us to inspire, in order to increase data rate, solve
RF latency issues, we have proposed a kind of new design of DCSK communication systems, are named as OFDM-DSCK.
In the present invention, in transmitting terminal, all subcarriers are divided into several groups (it is assumed that L groups).In every group, there is a son
Carrier wave transmits reference signal, and remaining subcarrier (it is assumed that M subcarrier) will carry data message.The program not only improves
Data rate, improves capacity usage ratio (since 1 reference signal is for M bit information use), also solves RF and ask
Topic.Then, present invention assumes that output followed normal distribution distribution, system under awgn channel is analyzed using the method for Gaussian approximation
BER performances.In addition, the present invention gives substantial amounts of simulation result under AWGN and double rayleigh channel condition.Finally, this hair
It is bright to compare BER performance expressions and simulation result.
Compared with document 9, the solution of the present invention is in receiving terminal without chaos sequence generator, it is easier to applied to reality.
Compared with document 8, all subcarriers have been divided into several groups by the present invention.In receiving terminal, reference that the data of each group pass through the group
Signal (in central subcarrier) recovers, and data all in document 8 will pass through same reference signal (first secondary load
Ripple) recover.FOR ALL WE KNOW, the system that ofdm system is considered a broadband.Each subcarrier forms one
Narrowband systems and adjacent subcarrier has identical channel gain.For awgn channel, the subcarrier of nearly all OFDM is all
There is similar channel gain, but under flat Rayleigh fading channel, different subcarriers has different gains.Therefore, by institute
Some subcarriers be divided into several groups it is extremely important, can be by the interferer signal detection currently organized to data, this is very similar to 3GPP
The concept of LTE resource blocks.
Different from document 7, the structure based on OFDM is used for DCSK systems, property of the system in fading channel can be improved
Energy.Unlike the system structure in document 7, this invention takes typical OFDM structures in 3GPP LTE standards, this causes it more
It is easy to apply in practice.
In the present invention, our reality simultaneously analyze an efficient incoherent OFDM-DCSK system.We have studied system
Performance, and derived the BER expression formulas of system under awgn channel.Simulation result matches with theory BER expression formulas.Than it
DCSK systems, 1) capacity usage ratio DBR M/ (M+1) has been brought up into from 1/2, the wherein each information signal of DCSK systems needs
A reference signal is wanted, and M bit of OFDM-DCSK signals shares a reference signal；2) simulation results show, identical
Under the β factors, the performance of OFDM-DCSK systems is more preferable；3) solve and be present in DCSK systems, HE-DCSK and CS-DCSK systems
RF latency issues.Compared to ofdm system, in receiving terminal without channel estimation at the same time in transmitting terminal without CSI feedback.With
OFDM-CSK in document 8 is compared, we can obtain more preferable BER performances in 2 footpath Rayleigh channels.The present invention is easier to
Applied to reality.
Claims (2)
1. signal transmitting and method of reseptance based on OFDM-DCSK communication systems, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps that：
Step 1: under the transmission of every frame OFDM-DCSK, original information bits b=[b0,b1,…,bM×L] ∈ { 0,1 } is through BPSK
Modulation, obtains serial modulation sequence d；L is subcarrier group number；M+1 is every group in L group subcarriers of number of subcarriers；
Step 2: by serial modulation sequence d carry out it is serial/parallel change, obtain L group Parallel Sequences；For l group subcarriers, parallel
Sequence is expressed asM=1,2 ..., M；L=1,2 ..., L；β is spreading factor；
Step 3: using chaos reference sequencesRespectively by information bitSpread to
And it is assigned on m-th of subcarrier of l groups；
The chaos reference sequencesProduced by 2 rank Chebyshev inequalities (CPF)；
Wherein：2 rank Chebyshev inequalities are：
J is the ordinal number of the element in chaos reference signal；For l groups, orderRepresent chaos reference sequences；
Step 4: Parallel Sequence is sent in wireless channel after IFFT conversions and parallel/serial conversion；
The signal acceptance method of OFDM-DCSK communication systems is：
Step 5: receiving terminal receives signal r from wireless channel, and after serial/parallel conversion and FFT transform, obtain Parallel Sequence；
Step 6: being decoded respectively to every group of sequence, the decoding process of every group of subcarrier is identical, using first group of subcarrier as
Example, its coding/decoding method are：
First, central subcarrier is stored into matrix P, remaining M data-signal is stored into second matrix S；Matrix P and S
Provided respectively in following formula：
Wherein：To be added to j-th of sample of AWGN in the reference signal of first group of subcarrier,To be added to first group of subcarrier
M-th of subcarrier in AWGN j-th of sample；
After β time, all samples are all stored into an OFDM-DCSK frame, and decoding step is activated, most
Eventually, M bit of transmission is decoded by the symbol parallel of calculating matrix product；
Wherein：× it is multiplication of matrices, ' transposition of representing matrix；
Step 7: decoded signal is carried out parallel/serial conversion, and it is demodulated, obtains original information bits b, and export.
2. signal transmitting and method of reseptance according to claim 1 based on OFDM-DCSK communication systems, it is characterised in that
The decoded specific method of symbol parallel that the M bit sent described in step 6 passes through calculating matrix product is：
Step A, initial m=1；
Step B, according to formula：
The sum of calculating observation signal
Step C, by the sum of observation signalCompared with threshold value 0：
Complete the decoding to this group of sequence；
Step D, m=M is judged whether, if it is, terminating；If it is not, then m+1 and returning and performing step B.
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| MIMO-DCSK communication scheme and its performance analysis over multipath fading channels;Shilian Wang，Shujun Lu，Eryang Zhang;《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》;20131031;第24卷(第5期);729-733 * |
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