CN104615188A - Photovoltaic optimization system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic optimization system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104615188A CN104615188A CN201410854439.0A CN201410854439A CN104615188A CN 104615188 A CN104615188 A CN 104615188A CN 201410854439 A CN201410854439 A CN 201410854439A CN 104615188 A CN104615188 A CN 104615188A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic optimization system and a control method of the photovoltaic optimization system. The photovoltaic optimization system comprises n photovoltaic cells, n-1 power compensators and a cascade inverter, the output ends of the n photovoltaic cells are sequentially connected in series and then connected with the cascade inverter of the backward stage in parallel; the output ends of every two adjacent photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic cell string are connected with two input ends of one power compensator in parallel, each power compensator conducts power compensation on the corresponding two adjacent photovoltaic cells according to the maximum power tracing control principle of each photovoltaic cell, compensated power can be transferred through the adjacent power compensators in sequence, and therefore power compensation between any photovoltaic cells in the whole string is achieved, and maximum power tracing of each photovoltaic cell is achieved. According to the photovoltaic optimization system and the control method of the photovoltaic optimization system, system efficiency is extremely high, self-losses are extremely low, and conversion efficiency in the full load range of the power compensators can reach more than 99.5%. Compared with a system with a common optimizer, system output energy can be increased by 1.5%-2%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of new energies, relate to solar-energy photo-voltaic cell grid-connected/the MPPT maximum power point tracking technology of off-grid system, particularly a kind of grid-connected power generation system, and mix maximum power tracking method accordingly.
Background technology
Development photovoltaic power generation technology is the Important Action of the reply energy and environmental crisis.Because photovoltaic power generation equipment cost is high, energy conversion efficiency is low, greatly adds cost of electricity-generating, limits the promotion and application of photovoltaic power generation technology.
According to the difference of inverter, photovoltaic generating system mainly contains following a few class: power station type inverter photovoltaic generating system, group serial type inverter photovoltaic generating system, micro-inverter photovoltaic generating system.Current group of tandem inverter photovoltaic generating system application is comparatively extensive; Group tandem inverter photovoltaic generating system relative power station type inverter photovoltaic generating system has the feature of convenient and flexible installation, can be installed on roof, place that courtyard homalographic is less, relatively have cost advantage again with micro-inverter photovoltaic generating system.But group serial type inverter can only realize the MPPT organizing tandem, when to organize between the photovoltaic cell in string because produce inconsistent, damage, the factor such as to block is when having larger mismatch, series coupled can have a strong impact on the generated energy of system.
Present stage is generally solve the generated energy that above-mentioned series coupled causes reduce problem by installing optimizer additional, but because whole power of photovoltaic cell are exported by optimizer, the loss of optimizer own is larger, heating is serious, volume is larger, for meeting power requirement, need the components and parts selecting rated power larger, cause cost high.
Consider above-mentioned factor, loss is little, solution that cost is low just becomes active demand.
Summary of the invention
For existing tandem inverter photovoltaic generating system Problems existing, an object of the present invention is to provide the photovoltaic optimization system that a kind of loss is little, cost is low.
Two of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of optimal control method implemented based on above-mentioned optimization system.
The prioritization scheme formed thus realizes photovoltaic cell level maximal power tracing by power back-off between photovoltaic cell, and its loss is little, problem existing for the low effective solution prior art of cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Object 1: a kind of photovoltaic optimization system, described photovoltaic optimization system comprises n photovoltaic cell, a n-1 power compensator, a tandem inverter, and the output terminal of a described n photovoltaic cell is in parallel with the tandem inverter input terminal of rear class after connecting successively; In the photovoltaic cell of described group of string, the output terminal of every two adjacent photovoltaic cells is in parallel with two input ends of a power compensator respectively, power compensator is according to each tracing maximum power of photovoltaic cell Controlling principle, carry out power back-off to adjacent two photovoltaic cells, compensation power can be transmitted by adjacent multiple power compensators successively.
In the preferred embodiment of electricity generation system, described power compensator is an isolation or non-isolated DC-DC converter.
Further, described power compensator two input ports are completely the same, and power can bi-directional.
Further, described power compensator carries out MPPT control by time-divisional scheme at times respectively to two input ports.
Object 2: the control method implemented based on said system, the method realizes photovoltaic cell level maximal power tracing by the power back-off between photovoltaic cell.
In the preferred version of control method, described control method is MPPT to the output power of single photovoltaic cell and whole group of optical crosstalk photovoltaic generating system respectively by power compensator and rear class group serial type inverter, difference currents simultaneously in group string compensates by transmitting between power compensator, make each photovoltaic cell meet the equal constraint condition of series current, also realize the maximal power tracing of each photovoltaic cell simultaneously respectively.
Further, described control method can realize the maximum power output of each photovoltaic cell by the power compensator difference currents compensated between photovoltaic cell; Power compensator two input ports are controlled at times by time-divisional scheme, and after input port arbitrary on it increases voltage, if corresponding the output power from photovoltaic cells increases, voltage continues to increase till the output power of corresponding photovoltaic cell reduces; After input port arbitrary on it reduces voltage, if corresponding the output power from photovoltaic cells increases, voltage continues to reduce till the output power from photovoltaic cells reduces.
Further, being specifically implemented as follows of described control method:
(1) when system starts, power compensator is MPPT to the output power of each photovoltaic cell respectively, namely regulates u respectively
1, u
2u
nfor the fixed value corresponding with conditions present, to realize the MPPT of each photovoltaic cell, the output power of each photovoltaic cell is respectively p
1=i
1* u
1, p
2=i
2* u
2..., p
n=i
n* u
n, wherein i
1, i
2i
nfor the output current at maximum power of photovoltaic cell point place, u
1, u
2u
nfor the voltage at maximum power of photovoltaic cell point place, i
1, i
2i
nbetween because various mismatch there are differences;
(2) each photovoltaic cell series connection electric current is equal, i.e. i
o1=i
o2=...=i
on, then the electric current of each photovoltaic cell input offset device is i
1-i
o1, i
2-i
o2i
n-i
on, the power of each photovoltaic cell input offset device is Δ p
1, Δ p
2Δ p
n, Δ p
n=(i
n-i
on) * u
n;
(3) by power compensator, realize power and transmit compensation between each photovoltaic cell, to make each photovoltaic cell series connection electric current equal, realize the MPPT of each photovoltaic cell, therefore Δ p
1+ Δ p
2+ ... + Δ p
n=0.
Have the following advantages according to the present invention that such scheme is formed:
(1) photovoltaic cell level maximal power tracing photovoltaic system provided by the invention and control method thereof have high system effectiveness, extremely low own loss, and the conversion efficiency in power compensator full-load range can reach more than 99.5%.System exports energy compared with the system of application common optimum device, and expectation can improve 1.5% ~ 2% (this percentage point is determined by the loss difference of power compensator and common optimum device).
(2) photovoltaic cell level maximal power tracing photovoltaic system provided by the invention and control method thereof have high system reliability, because the output port of power compensator and photovoltaic cell is all parallel relationship, even if power compensator lost efficacy also do not affect the normal work of original system.
(3) photovoltaic cell level maximal power tracing photovoltaic system provided by the invention and control method thereof have the feature of low cost, high stability, because power compensator only processes less than 20% of photovoltaic cell overall power, loss is little, heating is few, power section cost significantly reduces, and volume, weight also significantly reduce.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the photovoltaic system block diagram that between photovoltaic cell, power back-off realizes photovoltaic cell level maximal power tracing;
Fig. 2 is power compensator preferred embodiment circuit diagram;
Fig. 3 is power compensator preferred embodiment control block diagram.
Symbol description in figure:
101
1-101
n-photovoltaic cell; 102-power compensator; 103-group string inverter; 104-accumulator, electrical network or other use electric loadings; 105-DC bus; u
bus-group string inverter direct current input side busbar voltage; p
1, p
2p
n-photovoltaic cell peak power output; i
1, i
2i
nthe output current at-maximum power of photovoltaic cell point place; i
o1, i
o2i
on-photovoltaic cell series connection electric current.
Embodiment
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, setting forth the present invention further.
See Fig. 1, it is depicted as the block diagram utilizing power back-off between photovoltaic cell to realize the photovoltaic optimization system of photovoltaic cell level maximal power tracing provided by the invention.As seen from the figure, this photovoltaic optimization system 100 is by n photovoltaic cell 101
1-101
n, a n-1 power compensator 102
1-102
n-1form with a tandem inverter 103.
Wherein, n photovoltaic cell 101
1-101
noutput terminal be connected in series successively, n photovoltaic cell 101
1-101
noutgoing side connect successively and form high voltage dc bus 105, then go here and there the input end of inverter 103 in parallel with group, the output terminal connection accumulator of tandem inverter 103, electrical network or other use electric loadings 104.
Meanwhile, n photovoltaic cell 101 of group string
1-101
nin, the output terminal of every two adjacent photovoltaic cells will be in parallel with a power compensator input port.As figure, photovoltaic cell 101
1with photovoltaic cell 101
2output terminal and power compensator 102
1input end in parallel, photovoltaic cell 101
2with photovoltaic cell 101
3output terminal and power compensator 102
2input end in parallel, by that analogy, realize the photovoltaic cell that two of each power compensator control linkage group string are adjacent.
In this system, each power compensator is according to each tracing maximum power of photovoltaic cell Controlling principle, power back-off is carried out to adjacent two photovoltaic cells, compensation power can be transmitted by adjacent multiple power compensators successively, thus realize power back-off between any photovoltaic cell in whole group of string, thus realize the maximal power tracing of each photovoltaic cell.
And the output power of group string inverter 103 to the photovoltaic system that whole group of string is formed is MPPT.
When specific implementation, power compensator 102
1-102
n-1be an isolation or non-isolated DC-DC converter, preferred embodiment as shown in Figure 2, corresponding two input ports of photovoltaic cell one, photovoltaic cell two, C1, C2 are two input port shunt capacitances, C3 is two input port flying capcitors, Q1, Q2 are synchronous rectifier, and L is inductance, and this circuit can realize the bi-directional of power.
Two input ports of the power compensator formed thus are completely the same, and power can bi-directional, and it carries out MPPT control by time-divisional scheme at times respectively to two input ports;
Moreover this power compensator is when applying, in parallel with the output terminal of photovoltaic cell, can not change original photovoltaic system framework like this, even if power compensator damages, system still can normally work.
The photovoltaic optimization system formed thus, the power back-off between can realizing by photovoltaic cell realizes photovoltaic cell level maximal power tracing.Concrete, respectively MPPT is done to the output power of single photovoltaic cell and whole group of optical crosstalk photovoltaic generating system by power compensator and rear class group serial type inverter, difference currents simultaneously in group string compensates by transmitting between power compensator, make each photovoltaic cell meet the equal constraint condition of series current, also realize the maximal power tracing of each photovoltaic cell simultaneously respectively.
For this reason, the power compensator in native system control program, the control mode shown in Fig. 3 can be adopted.
As seen from the figure, two ports of power compensator carry out Time-sharing control, and PV1 output power sampled value, PV2 output power sampled value are the power of two input ports, are generally the product of voltage sample value and current sampling data.
PV1MPPT control module, PV2MPPT control module are the MPPT control module of two input ports, its control mechanism is: when after increase voltage, if corresponding the output power from photovoltaic cells increases, and voltage continues to increase till the output power of corresponding photovoltaic cell reduces; When after reduction voltage, if corresponding the output power from photovoltaic cells increases, voltage continues to reduce till the output power from photovoltaic cells reduces, and obtains voltage reference value Vpv1_ref, Vpv2_ref thus.Voltage Reference Vpv1_ref, Vpv2_ref do difference with actual samples Voltage Feedback PV1 output voltage sampled value, PV2 output voltage sampled value respectively, and the pid control module that input is corresponding, namely the output of pid control module and triangular wave obtain the driver output of two synchronous rectifiers Q1, Q2 after handing over and cutting.Finally drive synchronous rectifier Q1, Q2 by driver module respectively according to driver output.
According to above-mentioned control mode, the operation control procedure of whole photovoltaic optimization system is as follows:
(1) when photovoltaic optimization system is started working, power compensator is MPPT to the output power of each photovoltaic cell respectively, namely regulates u respectively
1, u
2u
nfor the fixed value corresponding with conditions present, to realize the MPPT of each photovoltaic cell, the output power of each photovoltaic cell is respectively p
1=i
1* u
1, p
2=i
2* u
2..., p
n=i
n* u
n, wherein i
1, i
2i
nfor the output current at maximum power of photovoltaic cell point place, u
1, u
2u
nfor the voltage at maximum power of photovoltaic cell point place, i
1, i
2i
nbetween because various mismatch there are differences;
(2) each photovoltaic cell series connection electric current is equal, i.e. i
o1=i
o2=...=i
on, then the electric current of each photovoltaic cell input offset device is i
1-i
o1, i
2-i
o2i
n-i
on, the power of each photovoltaic cell input offset device is Δ p
1, Δ p
2Δ p
n, Δ p
n=(i
n-i
on) * u
n;
(3) by power compensator, power is transmitted between each photovoltaic cell of serial connection and compensates, to make each photovoltaic cell series connection electric current equal, realize the MPPT of each photovoltaic cell, therefore Δ p
1+ Δ p
2+ ... + Δ p
n=0.
It can thus be appreciated that, the present invention utilizes power compensator and rear class tandem inverter to be MPPT to the output power of single the output power from photovoltaic cells and whole photovoltaic system respectively, power compensator is by compensating the difference currents of photovoltaic cell in group string, make to organize string meet series current equal while realize the MPPT of each photovoltaic cell, rear class tandem inverter is MPPT to whole photovoltaic group string again, makes whole photovoltaic generating system reach maximum power output.
In addition, because power compensator is only offset current difference section (accounting for less than 20% of photovoltaic cell overall power), so its power grade is little, loss is little, thermal value is little, volume, weight, cost are all lower, fundamentally improve the system effectiveness of photovoltaic generating system, reach the object improving generated energy, reduce costs.
More than show and describe ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and instructions just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (8)
1. a photovoltaic optimization system, is characterized in that, described photovoltaic optimization system comprises n photovoltaic cell, a n-1 power compensator, a tandem inverter, and the output terminal of a described n photovoltaic cell is in parallel with the tandem inverter input terminal of rear class after connecting successively; In the photovoltaic cell of described group of string, the output terminal of every two adjacent photovoltaic cells is in parallel with two input ends of a power compensator respectively, power compensator is according to each tracing maximum power of photovoltaic cell Controlling principle, carry out power back-off to adjacent two photovoltaic cells, compensation power can be transmitted by adjacent multiple power compensators successively.
2. a kind of photovoltaic optimization system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described power compensator is an isolation or non-isolated DC-DC converter.
3. a kind of photovoltaic optimization system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described power compensator two input ports are completely the same, and power can bi-directional.
4. a kind of photovoltaic optimization system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described power compensator carries out MPPT control by time-divisional scheme at times respectively to two input ports.
5. a control method for photovoltaic optimization system, is characterized in that, described control method realizes photovoltaic cell level maximal power tracing by the power back-off between photovoltaic cell.
6. the control method of a kind of photovoltaic optimization system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described control method is MPPT to the output power of single photovoltaic cell and whole group of optical crosstalk photovoltaic generating system respectively by power compensator and rear class group serial type inverter, difference currents simultaneously in group string compensates by transmitting between power compensator, make each photovoltaic cell meet the equal constraint condition of series current, also realize the maximal power tracing of each photovoltaic cell simultaneously respectively.
7. the control method of a kind of photovoltaic optimization system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described control method can realize the maximum power output of each photovoltaic cell by the power compensator difference currents compensated between photovoltaic cell; Power compensator two input ports are controlled at times by time-divisional scheme, and after input port arbitrary on it increases voltage, if corresponding the output power from photovoltaic cells increases, voltage continues to increase till the output power of corresponding photovoltaic cell reduces; After input port arbitrary on it reduces voltage, if corresponding the output power from photovoltaic cells increases, voltage continues to reduce till the output power from photovoltaic cells reduces.
8. the control method of a kind of photovoltaic optimization system according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that, being specifically implemented as follows of described control method:
(1) when system starts, power compensator is MPPT to the output power of each photovoltaic cell respectively, namely regulates u respectively
1, u
2u
nfor the fixed value corresponding with conditions present, to realize the MPPT of each photovoltaic cell, the output power of each photovoltaic cell is respectively p
1=i
1* u
1, p
2=i
2* u
2..., p
n=i
n* u
n, wherein i
1, i
2i
nfor the output current at maximum power of photovoltaic cell point place, u
1, u
2u
nfor the voltage at maximum power of photovoltaic cell point place, i
1, i
2i
nbetween because various mismatch there are differences;
(2) each photovoltaic cell series connection electric current is equal, i.e. i
o1=i
o2=...=i
on, then the electric current of each photovoltaic cell input offset device is i
1-i
o1, i
2-i
o2i
n-i
on, the power of each photovoltaic cell input offset device is Δ p
1, Δ p
2Δ p
n, Δ p
n=(i
n-i
on) * u
n;
(3) by power compensator, realize power and transmit compensation between each photovoltaic cell, to make each photovoltaic cell series connection electric current equal, realize the MPPT of each photovoltaic cell, therefore Δ p
1+ Δ p
2+ ... + Δ p
n=0.
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| CN108183509A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-06-19 | 上海盐巴信息科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic optimization system and its control method based on bus type compensation |
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| CN110867846A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-03-06 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Large-scale photovoltaic direct current series connection boosting grid-connected system with power balancer |
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Application publication date: 20150513 |