CN104601107A - Cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system - Google Patents

Cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104601107A
CN104601107A CN201510049056.0A CN201510049056A CN104601107A CN 104601107 A CN104601107 A CN 104601107A CN 201510049056 A CN201510049056 A CN 201510049056A CN 104601107 A CN104601107 A CN 104601107A
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China
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photovoltaic
cloud
frequency signal
solar cell
fault diagnosis
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CN201510049056.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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车孝轩
陈启卷
何昌炎
周元贵
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Wuhan University WHU
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Wuhan University WHU
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Priority to CN201510049056.0A priority Critical patent/CN104601107A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics. The cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system is formed by connecting a solar cell square array, power-station-grade servers, terrain-grade servers and a cloud photovoltaic diagnostic center through optical fibers. The solar cell square array comprises branch circuits formed by connecting a plurality of solar cell assemblies in series. The positive electrodes of the branch circuits are connected with a positive electrode bus bar through electronic switches. The negative electrodes of the branch circuits are connected with a negative electrode bus bar. A fault diagnosis device is connected between the positive electrode bus bar and the negative electrode bus bar, and is composed of a high-frequency signal generator, a high-frequency signal receiver, a high-speed signal processing unit and a display unit, wherein the high-frequency signal generator and the high-frequency signal receiver are connected between the positive electrode bus bar ad the negative electrode bus bar. The solar cell square array is connected with the power-station-grade servers through a main switch. The power-station-grade servers are connected with the terrain-grade servers. The terrain-grade servers are connected with the photovoltaic diagnostic center.

Description

A kind of cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system, belongs to field of photovoltaic technology.
Background technology
Because solar cell long-time running is in outdoor rugged environment; inevitably there is various fault, photovoltaic generating system generally there will be solar module damage, fault, square formation export too low, header box catches fire, Surge Protector and fuse burns out, fault of converter etc.And the fault of battery array mainly contain solar cell decline fall, short circuit, open circuit, assembly glass breaking, hot spot lost efficacy, sealant lost efficacy, bypass diode lost efficacy and square formation exports too low etc.If these faults can not get Timeliness coverage and eliminating, directly can affect the normal power generation of photovoltaic system, even can cause the generation of the disasters such as fire.
The general independent operation of present stage each photovoltaic plant, and be distributed in western remote districts more, due to the power output of photovoltaic generating system and operation stability larger by such environmental effects, and photovoltaic system exist failure mode many, be difficult to find the problem such as eliminating, more weak to the unified monitoring of photovoltaic plant, managerial ability, when photovoltaic plant breaks down, can not Timeliness coverage and fixing a breakdown rapidly, thus affect the safe operation of whole system.Therefore set up unified monitoring, management is very necessary.
For solar cell array failure diagnosis, generally adopt distinct methods to diagnosing malfunction, eliminating according to different faults feature, at present mainly through thermal imaging system, the conventional arts such as I-V curve method, power comparison method are diagnosed.
Pass through hot spot effect, thermal imaging system is set up before square formation, the location of fault point is realized by image procossing, but the method is applicable to assessing monitoring before photovoltaic plant is gone into operation, for using the large-sized photovoltaic power station of thousands of even tens thousand of pieces of solar cells, trouble-shooting point not only workload is large but also search very inconvenience.
Fault for assembly, square formation generally adopts I-V curve method, current method etc., although these methods can find that photovoltaic power generation system output power declines, certain series component branch road existing problems, but be difficult to the accurate location judging faulty components, faulty circuit, and be difficult to accomplish real time on-line monitoring.
Photovoltaic power generation system output power is declined, the on-site weather condition of moonscope battery array can be utilized, the actual power that the power that battery array model prediction obtained can send obtains with monitoring compares, judge whether square formation exists fault, but though the method can judge square formation whether fault, but to localization of fault, can not cannot accomplish real time on-line monitoring equally.
Cloud is a kind of parallel computation pattern based on the Internet, and it is by the Internet for user provides service, and user can obtain various service by the Internet from high in the clouds as required.High in the clouds can be divided into the various ways such as public cloud, Ge Renyun, common cloud, social cloud and mixed cloud, the Iaas of hardware and software can be provided to serve, provide the Paas service of use application software platform and directly utilize the Saas of application software to serve.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of can the cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system of real time on-line monitoring.
In cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system of the present invention, propose by for special enterprises and the public high in the clouds with high security provides Saas to serve for photovoltaic plant, comprise system operation data, failure condition, the method etc. of fixing a breakdown, photovoltaic plant is by these services of internet use.
Cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system of the present invention, by solar cell array, power station level server, region level server and cloud photovoltaic diagnostic center are formed by Fiber connection, described solar cell array comprises the branch road that the series connection of several solar modules is formed, the positive pole of several branch roads connects positive pole bus rod by electronic switch, the negative pole of branch road connects negative pole bus rod, and connect trouble-shooter between positive pole bus rod and negative pole bus rod, described trouble-shooter is by high frequency signal generator, high-frequency signal receiver, igh-speed wire-rod production line unit and display unit composition, wherein high frequency signal generator and high-frequency signal receiver are connected between positive pole bus rod and negative pole bus rod respectively,
Solar cell array is connected with power station level server by main switch, and several power station level servers are connected with region server, and several region servers are connected with photovoltaic diagnostic center.
Present system proposes the solar cell array fault branch recognition principle figure shown in Fig. 2.Solar cell array, by each branch circuit parallel connection, then connects positive and negative bus rod and forms.Each the some solar module of route is in series, and the positive pole of each branch road is connected with electronic switch, is then connected to positive pole bus rod, and the negative pole of each branch road is connected to negative pole bus rod.Between the positive pole that electronic switch is arranged on each series component branch road and positive pole bus rod, the needs according to monitoring are controlled by control signal, are used for being switched on or switched off the circuit between this series component branch road and positive pole bus rod.By high in the clouds trouble analysis system, information fusion is carried out to factors such as the exerting oneself of photovoltaic array, environmental conditions, tentatively determine whether power station exists fault, if tentatively judge its abnormal state, may fault be there is, utilize based on the faulty components in the station level trouble-shooter on-line checkingi series component branch road of TDR principle or other faults further.By the disconnection of electronic switch in Fig. 2 and closed, control disconnection and the access of unitary series of operations branch road, measure the array parameter change difference caused when this branch road disconnects and accesses, access and disconnect the Parameters variation difference of single branch road under comparing this difference and optimum condition, if Parameters variation is greater than the error threshold of design code, then tentatively judge that this branch road exists fault, by that analogy, find out all suspected malfunctions branch roads, closing after this again by switch, close and separately branch trouble location device shown in suspected malfunctions branch road and Fig. 3 is formed loop, utilize the trouble-shooter fault point based on TDR principle.
Figure 3 shows that station level real-time online trouble-shooter.It is used to diagnose the assembly or inter-module circuit etc. of out of order series component branch road.It is by high frequency (nanosecond) signal generator, high frequency (nanosecond) signal receiver, igh-speed wire-rod production line unit and detection data, result display unit formation, its principle utilizes TDR(time domain reflectometry), according to waveform characteristic and the time difference of the two of transmitted wave and reflected wave, fault point is positioned.Namely by calculate transmitted wave and reflected wave therebetween time difference t, calculate fault point distance according to following formula, and the characteristic analyzing reflected wave is to carry out the qualitative of fault and to locate.Assumed fault point distance is , then
(1)
In above formula, ripple propagation velocity on the transmission line, for the time difference of both transmitted wave and reflected wave.The method can be used for judging whether short circuit, open circuit, the impedance variation situation etc. such as solar module internal circuit, inter-module connection line, bypass diode, blocking diode, thus finds fault point.
Cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system of the present invention is formed with cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis center for core, and optical fiber transmission network is framework, and power station level, region level server system are carrier, the intelligent distributed frame based on real time on-line monitoring system, diagnostic device.It is by the running state information of thousands of photovoltaic plants, pass through real time on-line monitoring system, the power station level server information of carrying out gathers, then region level server is uploaded to, finally upload to high in the clouds (cloud photovoltaic diagnostic center), then by database (history and the current monitoring in high in the clouds, the data and informations such as process), Expert Resources (the diagnosis theory that expert provides, method and suggestion etc.), signal processing system, other diagnostic resources etc. are analyzed obtained information, process, fault type judges, localization of fault, region level server is fed back to finally by the Internet, power station level server, power station staff is and guided to carry out plant maintenance and failture evacuation.
The present invention realizes real-time online failure diagnosis, not only directly can reduce the cost of manual maintenance, can improve the generating power output of photovoltaic system simultaneously, prevent the serious consequence caused by fault.Monitor battery array, Accurate Diagnosis goes out out of order solar module abort situation, and is got rid of rapidly, system long-term safety can be made to run, increase energy output and reduce cost of electricity-generating.
Cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system of the present invention, except having the function of real-time online fault location, also has following function.(1) according to the monitoring result of cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system, powerinjected method is carried out to photovoltaic plant, in conjunction with power prediction in early stage, analyze photovoltaic plant power output Changing Pattern and development trend, in time information of forecasting is fed back to grid dispatching center, realize the efficient scheduling of electrical network, ensure power network safety operation and electric power quality; (2) photovoltaic system operating condition is monitored, to generating state than ever, compare photovoltaic system operating mode difference and Parameters variation, announce " generating operation mode diagnosis report " by the Internet, and solve scheme when proposing abnormal and processing method, and draw the curve such as electricity, reduction of discharging; (3) level server in power station obtains generating parameter and indices (electric current, voltage, power, energy output, impedance etc. of system and each branch road) in real time, analysis is compared with database Plays value, and combining environmental parameter and power prediction result, integrate all information, analyze this power failure probability and the judgement of whether being out of order, in time to power plant maintenance system feedback monitoring information, provide diagnostic result and handling suggestion, for photovoltaic plant Timeliness coverage and handling failure; (4) cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis center be photovoltaic plant (user) provide comprise in real time, history power generation situation, relational graph, the data such as previous report, consult self related data and dispatching of power netwoks daily record at any time for user, thus adjustment power station generation schedule; (5) cloud fault diagnosis center provides malfunction elimination code and detailed rules and regulations, provides maintenance, failure diagnosis scheme downloads for user.
The present invention utilizes cloud computing, cloud stores, cloud analysis treatment technology, realize the on-line data acquisition to solar photovoltaic power plant, storage, calculating, analysis and failure diagnosis, to reach accurate, quick position, eliminating solar photovoltaic generation system fault object.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system structural representation.
Fig. 2 solar cell array fault branch recognition principle figure.
Fig. 3 branch trouble point location schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system shown in Fig. 1, it is by the running state information of thousands of photovoltaic plants, gathered by real time on-line monitoring platform, the power station level server information of carrying out, then region level server is uploaded to, finally upload to high in the clouds, then carry out signal analysis by the database in high in the clouds, Expert Resources, signal processing system, process, fault type judge, localization of fault, feed back to region level server, power station level server by the Internet again, and guide power station staff to carry out plant maintenance and failture evacuation.Meanwhile, in cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system, utilizing public high in the clouds to provide Saas to serve for user, is the method etc. that photovoltaic plant provides system operation data, failure condition, fixes a breakdown, and photovoltaic plant is by these services of internet use.
Solar cell array real-time online fault monitoring system shown in Fig. 2, its execution mode is: cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system is carried out automatically to parameters such as the power outputs of photovoltaic system, Real-Time Monitoring, when extremely declining compared with the power that the power output when photovoltaic system and the historical summary according to intensity of sunshine or database are estimated, cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis center sends remote control commands automatically, electronic switch 1 is disconnected, then the voltage of photovoltaic system is measured, electric current and power, measure the change difference of the rear array parameter of cut-off switch 1, compared with the Parameters variation disconnected under design condition caused by single normal group string, if Parameters variation difference is greater than the error threshold of design code, then judge that this branch road may exist fault, otherwise then illustrate that this branch road is normal.Now electronic switch 1 closes a floodgate, and switch 2 disconnects, and repeats said process, until find institute's likely out of order series component branch road.
Electronic switch has the function of blocking diode under normal circumstances, then plays electronic switch when needing the fault such as detection branch, assembly.Electronic switch is made up of high power semiconductor component and control circuit etc., effectively can solve the problem producing electric arc when using DC switch big current opening and closing, in addition, in order to avoid damaging high power semiconductor component, when find the generating power output of photovoltaic generating system have obviously decline time, it is optional that to select intensity of sunshine lower, the morning that square formation output current is less, time in evening, electronic switch open and close is made by Long-distance Control, each series component branch road is detected, finds out of order series component branch road or fault point.Owing to employing electronic switch at each series component branch road, thus solve a difficult problem for real time on-line monitoring.
Shown in Fig. 3 for carrying out real-time online trouble-shooter to the assembly or inter-module circuit etc. of series component branch road, when cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system detects out of order series component branch road, then use and be arranged in photovoltaic plant or the real-time online trouble-shooter in high in the clouds detects faulty components in series component branch road or other faults.Namely trouble-shooter is according to the waveform characteristic of transmitted wave and reflected wave and the time difference of the two, positions, accurately, promptly find faulty components or other faulty circuits to fault point, and then discharges fault, and System recover is normally worked.
As required trouble-shooter can be connected on the two ends of out of order series component branch road, search the faulty components in series component branch road or other faults.Another kind is that trouble-shooter is arranged on photovoltaic plant or high in the clouds, pass through Long-distance Control, connect the electronic switch of out of order series component branch road, and the electronic switch of trouble-free series component branch road is all disconnected, real-time online detection and positioning is carried out to faulty components or fault point.

Claims (1)

1. a cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system, it is characterized in that, by solar cell array, power station level server, region level server and cloud photovoltaic diagnostic center are formed by Fiber connection, described solar cell array comprises the branch road that the series connection of several solar modules is formed, the positive pole of several branch roads connects positive pole bus rod by electronic switch, the negative pole of branch road connects negative pole bus rod, and connect trouble-shooter between positive pole bus rod and negative pole bus rod, described trouble-shooter is by high frequency signal generator, high-frequency signal receiver, igh-speed wire-rod production line unit and display unit composition, wherein high frequency signal generator and high-frequency signal receiver are connected between positive pole bus rod and negative pole bus rod respectively,
Solar cell array is connected with power station level server by main switch, and several power station level servers are connected with region server, and several region servers are connected with photovoltaic diagnostic center.
CN201510049056.0A 2015-01-30 2015-01-30 Cloud photovoltaic fault diagnosis system Pending CN104601107A (en)

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Cited By (3)

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CN105978485A (en) * 2016-07-01 2016-09-28 云南犀鸟科技有限公司 Method and system for online detection of photovoltaic modules
CN106130480A (en) * 2016-08-19 2016-11-16 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 A kind of photovoltaic module outdoor generating characteristic and decay situation test system
CN112134356A (en) * 2020-02-11 2020-12-25 吴龙圣 Smart power grid fault monitoring method and system based on big data analysis

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105978485A (en) * 2016-07-01 2016-09-28 云南犀鸟科技有限公司 Method and system for online detection of photovoltaic modules
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CN112165161A (en) * 2020-02-11 2021-01-01 吴龙圣 Intelligent power grid monitoring method and system based on Internet of things

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Application publication date: 20150506