CN104600681A - 新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器 - Google Patents

新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器 Download PDF

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CN104600681A
CN104600681A CN201510042078.4A CN201510042078A CN104600681A CN 104600681 A CN104600681 A CN 104600681A CN 201510042078 A CN201510042078 A CN 201510042078A CN 104600681 A CN104600681 A CN 104600681A
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current
fault current
winding
current limiter
superconducting
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张晚英
傅明
佘旺
刘东辉
胡雪峰
申鸿哲
刘伯鑫
刘卫
梁杰
周辉
赵硕
黄守道
王耀南
李欣然
黎福海
江亚群
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Hunan University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器,包括有空气隙的三腿铁芯、限流铜环、内部同心放置超导环和超导绕组的冷冻箱。该限流器在原有磁屏蔽感应型高温超导限流器的结构上,将一次铜绕组改为超导绕组,使得在正常工作情况,原副边绕组不会产生电能损耗和电压损耗。并增加了一个控制故障电流的铜环和一个在三腿铁芯上的空气隙,铜环可限制故障电流,空气隙在大电流时能有效地避免出现限制阻抗的急剧下降的现象。本发明的限流器在电网发生短路故障时,既可限制故障电流的峰值又可限制故障电流的稳态值,限流效果非常明显。

Description

新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种故障限流器,特别涉及一种新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器。
背景技术
随着电网的规模的日益扩大,在超高压系统故障情况下,会产生非常大的故障电流,现有高压断路器难以切除短路故障电流,为了减小故障电流,出现了许多的电流限流器,例如电力电子限流器,电抗限流器和分裂电抗器等,较理想的是超导限流器。
基本磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器的结构如图1所示,由一次铜绕组、二次超导屏蔽筒、铁芯和冷冻箱构成。铜绕组串接在输电线路中,正常运行时,超导筒内的感应电流小于它的临界电流,处于超导态,从而屏蔽铜绕组产生的磁通,装置的阻抗仅由一次铜绕组与二次超导筒之间的漏磁决定,阻抗小;短路故障时,超导筒内电流超过其临界电流值,超导体进入正常态,一方面,磁通穿过铁芯,引起铜绕组的电感突然上升,另一方面,突然增大的超导筒电阻也折算到一次侧,从而使得限制器的阻抗急骤上升,达到限制短路电流的目的。这种故障限流器的缺陷是:1)一次绕组是铜绕组,它会存在电能损耗和电压损耗。2)因为铁芯上没有空气隙,当非常大的短路故障电流流过一次铜绕组,会引起铁芯饱和,因而出现限制阻抗的急剧下降的现象,降低其限流能力。
发明内容
为了解决现有基本磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器存在的技术问题,本发明提出一种可以限制故障电流峰值和稳态值的新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案是:本发明的新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器包括一个有空气隙的三腿铁芯、限流铜环、内部同心放置超导环和超导绕组的冷冻箱。该限流器在原有磁屏蔽感应型高温超导限流器的结构上,将一次铜绕组改为超导绕组,并增加了一个控制故障电流的铜环和一个在三腿铁芯上的空气隙。原副边采用超导绕组使得在正常工作情况,原副边绕组不会产生电能损耗和电压损耗,铜环可限制故障电流,空气隙在大电流时能有效地避免出现限制阻抗的急剧下降的现象。本发明的限流器限流效果非常明显。
本发明的技术效果在于:1)限流器原副边均采用超导绕组,在正常工作情况,原副边绕组不会产生电能损耗和电压损耗。2)在短路故障时,本发明的铜环可限制故障电流,提高了限流的效果。3)在短路故障时,本发明的空气隙在非常大的短路故障电流情况,可防止出现铁芯饱和现象,从而有效地避免出现限制阻抗急剧下降的现象。
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
附图说明
图1为基本磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器的结构原理图。
图2为本发明的结构原理图。
图3为本发明仿真实验结果图。
具体实施方式
参见图2,图2为本发明的结构原理图。本发明包括一个有空气隙的三腿铁芯、限流铜环、内部同心放置超导环和超导绕组的冷冻箱。该限流器在原有磁屏蔽感应型高温超导限流器的结构上,将一次铜绕组改为超导绕组,并增加了一个控制故障电流的铜环和一个在三腿铁芯上的空气隙。
新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器的工作原理:超导绕组串接在输电线路中,正常运行时,超导筒内的感应电流小于它的临界电流,处于超导态,从而屏蔽超导绕组产生的磁通,由于空气隙的磁阻很大,磁通的路径主要经由没有空气隙的铁芯右腿(第三腿),因而限流铜环在正常运行时的阻抗非常小,可以忽略不计,装置的阻抗仅由一次超导绕组与二次超导筒之间的漏磁决定,阻抗很小。短路故障时,超导筒内电流超过临界电流值,超导筒失超进入正常态,一方面,磁通穿过铁芯,引起超导绕组的电感突然上升,突然增大的超导筒电阻也折算到一次侧,从而使得限制器的阻抗急剧上升,另一方面,超导绕组也因短路电流超过其临界电流失超进入正常态,其非常大正常电阻也能使得限流器的阻抗急剧上升,同时限流铜环也因磁通增大其阻抗也相应增大,反映到一次侧使得一次侧的阻抗进一步增大,从而使得超导筒的恢复时间减少。如果磁通的增加没有达到铁芯饱和,磁通还是主要流经没有空气隙的右腿铁芯(第三腿),此时限流铜环的限流阻抗虽比正常电流时有所增加,但增加的幅度并不大。如果磁链增加到一定程度,使得有较低饱和磁感应强度的右腿铁芯首先达到饱和,而有较高饱和磁感应强度的左腿铁芯和中腿铁芯还没有达到饱和,此时没有空气隙铁芯第三腿的磁阻急剧上升甚至超过了有空气隙的中腿铁芯(第二腿),使得大部分磁通的路径从没有空气隙的铁芯第三腿改至有空气隙的铁芯的第二腿,而中腿铁芯有空气隙,使得磁路上的磁阻增加,左腿铁芯和中腿铁芯磁通就会减少,如果短路电流进一步增大,左腿和中腿的铁芯也难以达到饱和区,限流铜环的阻抗也将因磁通路径的改变而急剧上升,反映到一次侧,使得一次侧的阻抗更进一步增大,达到限制非常大短路电流的目的。仿真结果如图3所示,可见空气隙的尺寸越大,限流效果越差,当空气隙尺寸较小时的限流效果非常明显。如果此时没有空气隙和限流铜环,那么因铁芯饱和而使得磁路的磁阻急剧上升,从而引起限流器的阻抗急剧下降甚至趋向于0,几乎不能限制短路电流,为此基本磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器要限制非常大的短路故障电流,铁芯的尺寸、重量和价格都要相应增加。说明本发明的新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器对改善电网动态性能和提高电网电能质量有十分重要意义,并且可以产生非常可观的经济效益。

Claims (1)

1.一种新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器,包括一个有空气隙的三腿铁芯、限流铜环、内部同心放置超导环和超导绕组的冷冻箱。该限流器在原有磁屏蔽感应型高温超导限流器的结构上,将一次铜绕组改为超导绕组,并增加了一个控制故障电流的铜环和一个在三腿铁芯上的空气隙。
CN201510042078.4A 2015-01-28 2015-01-28 新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器 Pending CN104600681A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107819326A (zh) * 2016-09-12 2018-03-20 天津大学 一种新型超导直流限流器

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1211802A (zh) * 1997-09-18 1999-03-24 朱柏 具有阻尼线圈的超导限流装置
CN1251939A (zh) * 1998-10-20 2000-05-03 朱栢 采用阻尼部件的超导限流装置
GB2350485A (en) * 1999-05-28 2000-11-29 Asea Brown Boveri A fault current limiter
US20040120083A1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2004-06-24 The University Of Chicago Superconducting shielded core reactor with reduced AC losses

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1211802A (zh) * 1997-09-18 1999-03-24 朱柏 具有阻尼线圈的超导限流装置
CN1251939A (zh) * 1998-10-20 2000-05-03 朱栢 采用阻尼部件的超导限流装置
GB2350485A (en) * 1999-05-28 2000-11-29 Asea Brown Boveri A fault current limiter
US20040120083A1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2004-06-24 The University Of Chicago Superconducting shielded core reactor with reduced AC losses

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107819326A (zh) * 2016-09-12 2018-03-20 天津大学 一种新型超导直流限流器

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