CN104599260B - 一种基于双能谱和小波融合的x射线图像增强方法 - Google Patents

一种基于双能谱和小波融合的x射线图像增强方法 Download PDF

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CN104599260B
CN104599260B CN201510052129.1A CN201510052129A CN104599260B CN 104599260 B CN104599260 B CN 104599260B CN 201510052129 A CN201510052129 A CN 201510052129A CN 104599260 B CN104599260 B CN 104599260B
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胡晓东
邹晶
须颖
靳丽媛
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Tianjin Sanying Precision Instruments Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于双能谱和小波融合的X射线图像增强方法,利用物质的衰减系数是与能量相关的原理,通过改变X射线源的能量谱分布获得材料特有的衰减变化;在融合方法的选取上,针对X射线CT成像低对比度的特点,对高频系数梯度选大后又乘以加权系数(加权系数大于1),能够增大高频系数,更加突出细节;对低频系数首先计算出分形维数得到复杂度,为了克服权值选取无理论依据和主观性太强的缺点,利用最大熵原理,选择主客观加权融合系数,对双能谱情况下两幅图像进行图像融合增强,并弥补单幅CT图像的缺陷,具有重要意义。

Description

一种基于双能谱和小波融合的X射线图像增强方法
技术领域
本发明属于CT技术领域,涉及X射线图像的处理,尤其是一种基于双能谱和小波融合的X射线图像增强方法。
背景技术
自1895年伦琴发现X射线以来,X射线CT检测就为人类历史发展做出了重大贡献。由于X射线CT的检测面向的对象大都为复杂模体或者尺度不均匀模体,以及成像过程中受射线能量、散射、噪声等多种因素的影响,图像质量会有不同程度的下降;尤其是在扫描对象中不同方向尺度差异过大或者物质的吸收强弱差异过大时,CT成像质量严重下降,通常表现是只能分辨出部分图像,而部分图像被隐藏在背景之中无法识别,即单一能谱下得到的CT图像出现图像降质和细节丢失的现象。对CT图像进行增强是CT成像研究的一个热点领域,但多局限于对于单一能量下CT图像的增强。
通过公开专利文献先检索,发现一篇与本发明申请相关的公开专利文献:基于双能谱的X射线CT图像增强方法(CN104156917A),为实现两幅图像进行图像融合增强,弥补单幅图像的缺陷。为此,本发明采取的技术方案是,基于双能谱的X射线CT图像增强方法,包括如下步骤:扫描获取多组暗场图像,并计算所述暗场的平均值;将样品移出视场,分别获取高、低电压下的N组亮场图像;计算高、低电压下的投影图像;基于灰度统一的原则,将高电压、低电压下的投影数据统一到一个尺度;对N组同一位置处校准后的高、低能投影图像进行小波分解,并通过小波变换的方法进行图像融合;利用融合后的投影图像进行CT重建。
通过技术特征对比,上述公开专利文献虽然也涉及了双能谱及小波分解,但其技术内容与本发明申请不同,因此不会破坏本发明申请的新颖性及创造性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处,提供一种基于双能谱和小波融合的X射线图像增强方法,该方法对双能谱情况下两幅图像进行图像融合增强,并有效弥补单幅CT图像的缺陷。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种基于双能谱和小波融合的X射线图像增强方法,包括如下步骤:
⑴利用X射线物质衰减系数计算样品高低能图像能量参数的范围;
⑵将扫描对象置于X射线CT扫描装置样品台上,在同一位置并分别在高、低能量下各采集一幅透视图像;
⑶对高、低能透视图像进行小波分解,并通过小波变换的方法进行图像融合;
⑷对融合后的投影图像进行评价。
而且,所述步骤⑵中,在不同电压参数下采集一组透视图像,两次电压参数分别为150KV和40KV。
而且,所述步骤⑶中,对同一位置处高、低电压下获取的两幅投影图像进行M层小波分解,分别得到其高频子带和低频子带;
确定高频分量融合规则,融合图像的高频子带;
确定低频分量融合规则,融合图像的低频子带;
将融合完的高频子带和低频子带,通过小波逆变换,进行图像重构,得到融合后的图像。
而且,对高频分量采取梯度值取大再加权法融合方法是:首先对同一级同一方向上的高频系数进行分块,选取分块大小为W×W,分别计算两幅图像高频信息对应块的梯度和,作为矩阵块中心点的梯度值,得到一个新的梯度矩阵,比较两幅图像对应像素上梯度值,选出同一级同一方向上梯度值较大的高频系数,再乘以一个大于1的权值系数作为融合图像的高频系数。
而且,对低频分量采取分维最大熵加权法融合方法是:首先确定低频系数每一行分维值,对每行计算主观概率平均加权和客观层次分析加权,利用最大熵原理对主客观加权法线性加权,最终确定低频权值融合权重。
本发明的优点和积极效果是:
本发明利用物质的衰减系数是与能量相关的原理,通过改变X射线源的能量谱分布获得材料特有的衰减变化;在融合方法的选取上,针对X射线CT成像低对比度的特点,对高频系数梯度选大后又乘以加权系数(加权系数大于1),能够增大高频系数,更加突出细节;对低频系数首先计算出分形维数得到复杂度,为了克服权值选取无理论依据和主观性太强的缺点,利用最大熵原理,选择主客观加权融合系数,对双能谱情况下两幅图像进行图像融合增强,并弥补单幅CT图像的缺陷,具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为本发明进行双能图像增强的整体流程图;
图2为本发明对高、低能量下获取的图像进行融合的流程图;
图3为本发明高频分量融合方法的流程图;
图4为本发明低频分量融合方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
一种基于双能谱和小波融合的X射线图像增强方法,包括如下步骤:
⑴利用X射线物质衰减系数计算样品高低能图像能量参数的大致范围;
⑵将扫描对象置于X射线CT扫描装置样品台上,在同一位置(射线源、样品台、探测器位置)处,分别在不同能量参数下,即高、低能量下各采集一幅透视图像(部分细节在背景中无法显示出来);在不同电压参数下采集一组透视图像,两次电压参数分别为150KV和40KV;
⑶对这组高、低能透视图像进行小波分解,并通过小波变换的方法进行图像融合;对同一位置处高、低电压下获取的两幅投影图像进行M层小波分解,分别得到其高频子带和低频子带;
确定高频分量融合规则,融合图像的高频子带;
确定低频分量融合规则,融合图像的低频子带;
将融合完的高频子带和低频子带,通过小波逆变换,进行图像重构,得到融合后的图像;
⑷对融合后的投影图像进行评价。
评价的方法是利用信息熵的方法对融合后的图像进行评估,如果满足条件即停止;如果不满足条件则调整分解层数及高频融合权重,重新进行,直至满足条件。
本发明对X射线CT图像进行增强,所涉及的同一位置处的高、低能图像通过小波变换的方法进行图像融合,参见图1,具体步骤如下:
⑴对高、低能下获取的两幅投影图像PH(i,j),PL(i,j)进行M层小波分解,分别得到其高频子带和低频子带;
⑵确定高频分量融合规则,对高频分量采取梯度值取大再加权法融合;
⑶确定低频分量融合规则,对低频分量采取分维最大熵线性加权法融合;
融合图像的高频子带;
融合图像的低频子带;
⑷将融合完的高频子带和低频子带,通过小波逆变换,进行图像重构,得到融合后的图像;
⑸利用信息熵的方法对融合后的图像进行评估,如果满足条件即停止;如果不满足条件则调整分解层数、高频融合权重,重新进行,直至满足条件。
本发明对X射线CT图像进行增强,所涉及的高频分量融合方法,请参考图3,具体步骤如下:
首先在高频系数矩阵外加一圈0值系数,对同一级同一方向上的高频系数进行分块,然后从左上角开始按顺序选取高频矩阵内W×W大小矩阵块,分别计算每个矩阵块内梯度之和,作为矩阵块中心点的梯度值,得到一个新的梯度矩阵(与原始图像矩阵大小一致),比较两幅图像对应像素上梯度值,选出同一级同一方向上梯度值较大的高频系数,再乘以一个权值系数δ(δ>1)作为融合图像的高频系数。
本发明对X射线CT图像进行增强,所涉及的低频分量融合方法,请参考图4,具体步骤如下:
首先确定低频系数每一行分维值D1,D2,对每行计算主观概率平均加权值和客观层次分析加权值利用最大熵原理对主客观加权方法线性加权:最终确定低频权值融合权重a1,a2。

Claims (2)

1.一种基于双能谱和小波融合的X射线图像增强方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
⑴利用X射线物质衰减系数计算样品高低能图像能量参数的范围;
⑵将扫描对象置于X射线CT扫描装置样品台上,在同一位置并分别在高、低能量下各采集一幅透视图像;
⑶对高、低能透视图像进行小波分解,并通过小波变换的方法进行图像融合;
⑷对融合后的投影图像进行评价;
所述步骤⑶中,对同一位置处高、低电压下获取的两幅投影图像进行M层小波分解,分别得到其高频子带和低频子带;
确定高频分量融合规则,融合图像的高频子带;
确定低频分量融合规则,融合图像的低频子带;
将融合完的高频子带和低频子带,通过小波逆变换,进行图像重构,得到融合后的图像;
对高频分量采取梯度值取大再加权法融合方法是:首先对同一级同一方向上的高频系数进行分块,选取分块大小为W×W,分别计算两幅图像高频信息对应块的梯度和,作为矩阵块中心点的梯度值,得到一个新的梯度矩阵,比较两幅图像对应像素上梯度值,选出同一级同一方向上梯度值较大的高频系数,再乘以一个大于1的权值系数作为融合图像的高频系数;
对低频分量采取分维最大熵加权法融合方法是:首先确定低频系数每一行分维值D1,D2,对每行计算主观概率平均加权值和客观层次分析加权值利用最大熵原理对主客观加权方法线性加权:最终确定低频权值融合权重a1,a2
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于双能谱和小波融合的X射线图像增强方法,其特征在于:所述步骤⑵中,在不同电压参数下采集一组透视图像,两次电压参数分别为150KV和40KV。
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