CN104596662A - On-chip digital temperature sensor capable of optimizing linearity - Google Patents
On-chip digital temperature sensor capable of optimizing linearity Download PDFInfo
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- CN104596662A CN104596662A CN201410742502.1A CN201410742502A CN104596662A CN 104596662 A CN104596662 A CN 104596662A CN 201410742502 A CN201410742502 A CN 201410742502A CN 104596662 A CN104596662 A CN 104596662A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an on-chip digital temperature sensor capable of optimizing linearity. The on-chip digital temperature sensor comprises an annular oscillator, a time amplifier and a counter, the annular oscillator is used for outputting an annular oscillator clock signal, a cycle of the annular oscillator clock signal changes along with the temperature, the time amplifier inputs the annular oscillator clock signal to obtain a pulse signal with a plurality of cycle lengths of the annular oscillator clock signal, and the counter inputs the pulse signal and a reference clock signal. When the pulse signal comes, a reference clock counts until the pulse signal finishes, so that a counting value taking a reference clock cycle as a unit pulse signal length is obtained. The digital temperature sensor has the advantages that the digital temperature sensor is simple in structure, small in area, low in power consumption, fine in linearity, wide in measured temperature range, high in accuracy, external crystal can be omitted, cost is saved and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to integrated circuit, particularly a kind of digital temperature sensor.
Background technology
Built-in temperature sensor generally has two kinds of frameworks, and the band gap voltage that the first utilizes analog to digital converter (ADC) to detect and PTAT at voltage domain carrys out detected temperatures; The poor Δ VBE of this band gap voltage normally VBE (emitter of triode BJT and the difference of base voltage) of two triodes.This temperature sensor has that precision is high, the linearity good, measuring tempeature wide ranges and the advantage such as voltage sensitivity is low, but detects owing to will use ADC, thus its shortcoming to be area large and power consumption is large; It two is in time domain, carrys out detected temperatures by detecting clock on clock period temperature variant sheet.Owing to not needing ADC to participate in, therefore this temperature sensor has the advantage that structure is simple, area is little, low in energy consumption, but its shortcoming to be exactly precision low, and the linearity is good not, measuring tempeature narrow range etc.; This temperature sensor also can be divided into several, lag line temperature sensor (Delay Line Temperature Sensor) or the temperature sensor (OSC Based Temperature Sensor) based on clock can be called as, but because it almost all can adopt Design of Digital Circuit, be therefore also referred to as digital temperature sensor.
Shown in Figure 1 is a kind of structural drawing of aforementioned digital temperature sensor.Wherein Oscillator is a ring oscillator, can produce predetermined period Td, the clock signal of osc, and after Time Amplifier, this clock signal is exaggerated into a pulse Tp; This pulse Tp by a reference clock REF and Counter count measurement (Time to Digital Converter, TDC), thus obtains exporting Dout.If the cycle of reference clock REF is Tref, then Dout=Tp/Tref.
The pulse Tp that usual ring oscillator produces has following expression formula:
Wherein L, W are channel length and the width of metal-oxide-semiconductor, and u, VTH are mobility and the threshold voltage of metal-oxide-semiconductor, and Cox is the grid unit capacitance values of metal-oxide-semiconductor, and CL is load capacitance, and VDD is supply voltage.Roughly can derive according to this expression formula and show that the pass of Tp and temperature is:
T
p∝Temp
α
Wherein α approximates about 0.7, has certain deviation with different process.If use the reference clock of a standard, such as adopt UART clock, then the temperature coefficient of Tref is very little, therefore substantially being determined by Tp with the relation of temperature of Dout,
Dout∝Temp
α
α approximates 0.7, so the linearity of the temperature sensor of this structure is good not, limits the temperature range that it can be measured, reduces precision.
Therefore, be necessary the structure improving current digital temperature sensor, while making the advantage that its holding structure is simple, area is little, low in energy consumption, its linearity can be improved, thus better precision can be obtained in more wide in range temperature range.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, matter of utmost importance of the present invention is to provide digital temperature sensor on a kind of sheet optimizing the linearity, this digital temperature sensor is simple at holding structure, area is little, low in energy consumption while, there is the good linearity, thus better precision can be had.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides digital temperature sensor on a kind of sheet optimizing the linearity, comprise a ring oscillator, for exporting the temperature variant ring oscillator clock signal of one-period; Also comprise a time amplifier, it is input as ring oscillator clock signal, for counting this clock signal, thus obtains the pulse signal that has several ring oscillator clock signal Cycle Lengths; It is characterized in that described digital temperature sensor also comprises a counter, it is input as above-mentioned pulse signal and a reference clock signal, when pulse signal arrives, employing reference clock counts, until pulse signal ends, therefore obtain the count value that with reference clock cycle is unit pulse signal length; The clock period of described reference clock signal has a minus temperature coefficient; And the input end of ring oscillator is connected to steering logic.
Described ring oscillator, it is connected to form a ring by a Sheffer stroke gate and 6 phase inverters successively first place and forms, the wherein control signal of another input termination steering logic of Sheffer stroke gate.
Described time amplifier is become with a digital comparator bank by a counter; The count value of time amplifier, by Ntemp (Ntemp is a count value to ring oscillator number of cycles) setting, starts the counting to ring oscillator clock signal when the control signal of steering logic is effective; When the control signal of steering logic is high, counter starts counting, and pulse signal sets high by digital comparator, and when counting is less than Ntemp, pulse signal sets high, and generation one feeds back signal to steering logic, and feedback signal sets low simultaneously; When count value is more than or equal to Ntemp, pulse signal sets low by digital comparator, and feedback signal sets high.
The clock period temperature coefficient of described reference clock is between-0.00095/ DEG C ~-0.0.00045/ DEG C.
Preferably, the clock period temperature coefficient of described reference clock is between-0.00075/ DEG C ~-0.0.00065/ DEG C.
Described reference clock is produced by RC oscillator.
Further, described RC oscillator timing resistor is made up of a positive temperature coefficient resistor and a negative temperature coefficient resister.
Further, described RC oscillator timing resistor is made up of the NDIFF resistance of a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) and the NPOLY resistance of a negative temperature coefficient.
Time amplifier comprises one and trims circuit and (trim and realize by changing the value of Ntemp, namely change the clock signal number of counting ring oscillator), for trimming the number of counting ring oscillator clock signal, usually, trim circuit to be realized by counter.
Compare traditional structure, while the advantages such as digital temperature sensor of the present invention is simple in reservation structure, area is little and low in energy consumption, there is good linearity, measuring tempeature wide ranges and precision advantages of higher, external crystal-controlled oscillation can also be saved, provide cost savings.
When using external crystal-controlled oscillation, power β=0.75 of the count value of counter and the power function relationship of temperature, and when using of the present invention, β=0.98, the obvious linearity is better than the situation using external crystal-controlled oscillation greatly.In identical temperature range-40 ~ 85 DEG C, and under the linear fit solution of identical data, when using external crystal-controlled oscillation, temperature measurement accuracy is +/-1.5 DEG C, and when using above-mentioned RC oscillator, precision is +/-0.5 DEG C, and precision is increased dramatically.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of prior art.
Fig. 2 be the present invention implement the structural drawing of digital temperature control.
Fig. 3 be the present invention implement the circuit diagram of ring oscillator.
Fig. 4 be the present invention implement the circuit diagram of time amplifier.
Fig. 5 be the present invention implement the circuit diagram of RC Vib..
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
See accompanying drawing 2, be depicted as the preferred embodiment of digital temperature sensor of the present invention.Comprise ring oscillator Ring_osc1, time amplifier TimeAmp1, counter Counter1, RC oscillator RC_OSC1, and steering logic CtrlLogic1; Wherein ring oscillator module Ring_OSC1 structure is simple, when steering logic CtrlLogic1 control signal clk_en is effective, can produces the ring oscillator clock signal clk_ring1 of some cycles, export to time amplifier TimeAmp1; TimeAmp1 be in essence one can the counter of pre-set count values, count value is set by Ntemp; TimeAmp1 starts the counting to clk_ring1 when clk_en is effective, pulse signal Tp1 sets high, and when counting down to Ntemp, pulse signal Tp1 sets low, and produces an eoc1 signal to steering logic CtrlLogic1; Counter1 counts by the length of reference clock ref_clk1 pulse signals Tp1, is determined by following formula if the cycle of reference clock ref_clk1 is the Tref1 count value Dout1 that then Counter1 exports:
Dout1＝T
p1/T
ref1
Reference clock ref_clk1 for counting is produced by RC_OSC1, and its cycle T ref1 has a negative temperature coefficient,
T
ref1∝Temp
β
Pulse signal width Tp1 then
T
p1∝Temp
α
Therefore,
Dout1∝Temp
α-β
If make alpha-beta=1, then the relation of Dout1 and temperature Temp is a linear function exactly.If α=0.7, then the power of the cycle T ref1 of reference clock ref_clk and the power function relationship of temperature should be set to about-0.3, if be converted into linear function, then the cycle T ref1 of reference clock ref_clk and the relation of temperature as shown in the formula:
T
ref1＝T0·(1+TC1·Temp)
Wherein T0 be Tref1 in reference temperature, such as, value at room temperature 25 DEG C, TC1 is then the temperature coefficient of Tref1, and preferred value should at about-0.0007/ DEG C.Consider the factors such as the change of technique, the value of TC1 between-0.00095/ DEG C ~-0.00045/ DEG C be all one optional.
Steering logic CtrlLogic1 also can accept from chip main control section, such as the control signal start1 of MCU kernel, when start1 is effective, starts this digital temperature sensor and carries out temperature survey; CtrlLogic1 can also, before carrying out temperature survey, come to reset to the register in TimeAmp1 and Counter1, counter etc. to reset by rstb signal at every turn.
See accompanying drawing 3, be depicted as the internal circuit diagram of ring oscillator Ring_OSC1, it is connected to form a ring by a Sheffer stroke gate and 6 phase inverters successively first place and forms, wherein another input termination control signal clk_en of Sheffer stroke gate; When clk_en is high, Ring_OSC1 starts working, and exports a ring oscillator clock signal from ring_clk1; When clk_en is low, Ring_OSC1 quits work, and can save power consumption.
See accompanying drawing 4, be depicted as the internal circuit diagram of time amplifier TimeAmp1, it forms primarily of an a counter Counter2 and digital comparator DCOMP1; When clk_en is high, counter Counter2 starts the number counting ring_clk1, and Tp1 sets high by DCOMP1, and eoc1 sets low; When count value is greater than Ntemp, Tp1 sets low by DCOMP, and eoc1 sets high.
See accompanying drawing 5, being depicted as a kind of RC oscillator RC_OSC1 internal circuit diagram, is a kind of common RC oscillator structure.Wherein reference current IREF1 is mapped by current mirror M1 to M2, flows through R1 and produces the first reference voltage VREF2, and the second reference voltage is with reference to ground; Current mirror M3 produces the first charging and discharging currents IC2, one of first charge and discharge switch group is made up of PMOS switch MS1+NMOS switch MS2, in first charge and discharge switch group, termination current mirror M3 drains, lower end ground connection, in the top crown of indirect first charge and discharge capacitance C1 and the negative terminal of the first comparer CMP1; Being made up of PMOS switch MS3+NMOS switch MS4 of second charge and discharge switch group, upper termination current mirror M3 drains, lower end ground connection, in the negative terminal of indirect second charge and discharge capacitance C2 top crown and the second comparer CMP2; Charge and discharge capacitance C1 and charge and discharge capacitance C2 bottom crown ground connection; The positive termination reference voltage VREF2 of comparer CMP1 and CMP2, exports and meets steering logic contro l_logic2; This steering logic comprises a rest-set flip-flop and a buffer stage composition; When CMP2 negative terminal voltage is greater than VREF2, φ 22 uprises, MS4 conducting, and MS3 disconnects, and C2 starts electric discharge; And simultaneously φ 21 step-down, MS1 conducting, MS2 disconnects, and C1 starts charging; Ref_clk1 is the reference clock signal exported after buffer stage.The mapping ratio of usual above-mentioned current mirror is 1:1.In the ideal case, the time of comparer CMP1/CMP2 single upset is C1*VREF2/IC2 or C2*VREF2/IC2; In order to make clock signal duty cycle consistent, usual C1=C2; Therefore reference clock cycle Tref1 is 2*C1*VREF2/IC2; And VREF2=IC2*R1; So Tref1=2*C1*R1, therefore C1 is timing capacitor, and R1 is timing resistor.General electric capacity C1 has very little temperature coefficient, and the temperature coefficient of Tref1 determines primarily of R1, and the temperature coefficient of R1 determined by the manufacturing process of chip and concrete resistance device used.In order to obtain the R1 of a suitable temperature coefficient, generally can by a positive temperature coefficient resistor and a negative temperature coefficient resister combination be obtained.General positive temperature coefficient resistor can use NDIFF resistance, and negative temperature coefficient resister can adopt NPOLY resistance.
See table 1, be depicted as the digital temperature sensor of the optimization linearity of the present invention and a Contrast on effect in first technology.When using external crystal-controlled oscillation, power β=0.75 of the power function relationship of Dout1 and temperature, and when use has the RC oscillator of-0.0007/ DEG C of temperature coefficient, β=0.98, the obvious linearity is better than the situation using external crystal-controlled oscillation greatly.In identical temperature range-40 ~ 85 DEG C, and under the linear fit solution of identical data, when using external crystal-controlled oscillation, temperature measurement accuracy is +/-1.5 DEG C, and when using above-mentioned RC oscillator, precision is +/-0.5 DEG C, significantly promotes.
Table 1
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a digital temperature sensor on the sheet optimizing the linearity, comprises a ring oscillator, for exporting the temperature variant ring oscillator clock signal of one-period; Also comprise a time amplifier, it is input as ring oscillator clock signal, for counting this clock signal, thus obtains the pulse signal that has several ring oscillator clock signal Cycle Lengths; It is characterized in that described digital temperature sensor also comprises a counter, it is input as above-mentioned pulse signal and a reference clock signal, when pulse signal arrives, employing reference clock counts, until pulse signal ends, therefore obtain the count value that with reference clock cycle is unit pulse signal length; The clock period of described reference clock signal has a minus temperature coefficient; And the input end of ring oscillator is connected to steering logic.
2. digital temperature sensor on the sheet optimizing the linearity as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described ring oscillator, it is connected to form a ring by a Sheffer stroke gate and 6 phase inverters successively first place and forms, the wherein control signal of another input termination steering logic of Sheffer stroke gate.
3. digital temperature sensor on the sheet optimizing the linearity as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described time amplifier is become with a digital comparator bank by a counter; The count value of time amplifier is set by Ntemp, starts the counting to ring oscillator clock signal when the control signal of steering logic is effective; When the control signal of steering logic is high, counter starts counting, and pulse signal sets high by digital comparator, and when counting is less than Ntemp, pulse signal sets high, and generation one feeds back signal to steering logic, and feedback signal sets low simultaneously; When count value is more than or equal to Ntemp, pulse signal sets low by digital comparator, and feedback signal sets high.
4. digital temperature sensor on the as claimed in claim 1 sheet optimizing the linearity, is characterized in that the clock period temperature coefficient of described reference clock is between-0.00095/ DEG C ~-0.0.00045/ DEG C.
5. digital temperature sensor on the as claimed in claim 4 sheet optimizing the linearity, is characterized in that the clock period temperature coefficient of described reference clock is between-0.00075/ DEG C ~-0.0.00065/ DEG C.
6. digital temperature sensor on the sheet optimizing the linearity as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described reference clock is produced by RC oscillator.
7. digital temperature sensor on the sheet optimizing the linearity as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that described RC oscillator timing resistor is made up of a positive temperature coefficient resistor and a negative temperature coefficient resister.
8. digital temperature sensor on the sheet optimizing the linearity as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that described RC oscillator timing resistor is made up of the NDIFF resistance of a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) and the NPOLY resistance of a negative temperature coefficient.
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| CN109387229A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-26 | 迈来芯科技有限公司 | The sensor interface circuitry based on oscillator of closed loop |
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Address after: 518000, A building, block 9, garden city digital garden, 1079 Nanhai Road, Guangdong, Shenzhen, Nanshan District Patentee after: Chipsea Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Address before: 518067 Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Nanhai Avenue, garden city, No. 1079, building A, block, floor 9 Patentee before: Xinhai Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen City |