CN1045883A - Be used for by a device request service method - Google Patents
Be used for by a device request service method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1045883A CN1045883A CN 90102573 CN90102573A CN1045883A CN 1045883 A CN1045883 A CN 1045883A CN 90102573 CN90102573 CN 90102573 CN 90102573 A CN90102573 A CN 90102573A CN 1045883 A CN1045883 A CN 1045883A
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- equipment
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Abstract
A kind of communication device of transmission data between a plurality of external units and principal computer.On the bus, once have only an equipment can carry out order and only respond order from principal computer.When external unit need be served, it kept low level to send service request signal by making bus after arbitrary order.Equipment continues to send services request before the order receiving saying of principal computer.When not only a device coupled of the same type is on bus (as two mouse type scaler), principal computer is given the new address of devices allocation.When equipment will send " 1 ", can send low level signal with collision detection to bus.
Description
The present invention relates to data source and with a plurality of external units of its coupling between transmit the data communication device the field.More particularly, the present invention relates to the data transmission on the external unit bus between a plurality of external units and the principal computer.
In the computer industry, often need Data transmission and order between a plurality of data processing equipments (as computing machine, printer, memory or the like).At the beginning of 1970's, because the appearance of computer network system, be coupled to each other important development between computing machine and other external unit.Computer network system makes can be at the local distributed access computational resource away from mainframe computer.
Network, ARIA network for example, be mainly used in provide different user to bigger time-sharing system access and the data transmission between this system.In the localized network geographically, be called " local area network " (LANS), be used to connect a collection of computing machine, terminal and external unit thereof, normally in a buildings or contiguous buildings, make these equipment mutually communication or with the device talk that is associated in other network.Use local area network can realize Distributed Calculation.In other words, some equipment that is associated on the local area network can designatedly be finished specific function, as file storage, data base administration, terminal processes or the like.Because different machines is finished different tasks, this distributed treatment makes system simpler, and efficient is higher.
At present, network technology only is used to provide the communication between the data processing equipment, and these equipment are machine input equipments.Yet, network technology can also be used to being provided at the network equipment that carries out communication between independent computing machine and a plurality of external unit, for example manual input unit is only listened equipment (listen only clevice) and instrument (appliance) or the like.Manual input unit comprises keyboard, cursor control device (as mouse type scaler) and sketching board or the like.Only listen equipment to comprise processing procedure register (transaction log) or the like.In prior art, these equipment are to link by the designated port of each equipment and principal computer.For connecting external input device, usually need additional " plate ".When inserting add-in card, also require the principal computer outage, can not when system works, insert.This prior art system efficient is not high, because external unit is not worked simultaneously usually.(for example, using the user of mouse type scaler generally can not use keyboard or sketching board simultaneously), therefore, these equipment can be shared a common line that is connected to principal computer, do not need add-in card and can not cause data transmission problems
The network design scheme of prior art has also comprised the good method of setting up network control, so that a certain equipment can be realized transmission.When external unit is networked, do not need such system, because at a time only use an equipment usually.In addition, the network design scheme of prior art makes networked devices to discern mutually by complicated " inquiry " method.On the other hand, the process of this complexity is unwanted for connecting external unit, because except that principal computer, these equipment itself do not need to be discerned by miscellaneous equipment.
Therefore, one object of the present invention is exactly the communication device that provides between a plurality of external units, and this device is simple and effectively when making those device coupled to principal computer.
Another object of the present invention is the communication device that is coupled to principal computer to all said external equipment of sening as an envoy to by single input port.
Another purpose of the present invention is to point out to send to principal computer the communication device of service request signal to the external unit of sening as an envoy to.
A further object of the invention provides a communication line that provides the device that can determine that the communication device circuit is whether occupied.
Another object of the present invention is the communication device that can add when the system works to the external unit of sening as an envoy to.
A kind of transmission data communication device between a plurality of external units and principal computer that is used for that includes instrument and method is disclosed.In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of external units, as manual input unit (comprising mouse type scaler, keyboard, sketching board etc.), instrument is only listened equipment or the like, all is coupled on the common cable with transmission data and reception order.When the equipment on being coupled to cable need be served, it can notify principal computer, and this equipment will constantly send services request, up to the transmission data command that receives principal computer.All identical universal external units (as all keyboards) all have the identical hardware jumper address as identification code.In this way, principal computer can be identified in the universal equipment of communication on the cable.If not only an external unit of the same type is coupled on the cable and (two mouse type scaler is for example arranged), principal computer will distribute new address to the status register of mouse type scaler, and like this, they can be distinguished mutually.
In a preferred embodiment, when cable transmitting data and order, adopted the modulation system that makes zero.If this just makes that a certain external unit will transmit a high level signal on cable, and this moment, cable was dragged down by another equipment, this external unit will bump.Be the simplified system model, have only principal computer can start communication process.
The present invention allows when computer operation external unit to be received on the computing machine, and needn't make the computer system outage.Invention can be implemented in arrowband, broadband, optical fiber, far infrared and other communication device.
Fig. 1 has provided the block scheme of network system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 has provided the return-to-zero coding method sequential chart that the present invention uses.
Fig. 3 has provided the register of external unit of the present invention.
The process flow diagram of sequence of operation when Fig. 4 has provided the service of a certain external unit request principal computer.
Fig. 5 has provided the sequence of operation process flow diagram that new address is provided for the equipment of sharing the hardware jumper address.
Fig. 6 has provided the sequential chart of command process among the present invention.
The invention discloses the external unit bus that is used for being coupled to transmission data between the external unit of principal computer, comprising used instrument and method.Can well understand the present invention for making, in the following description, provide a large amount of specific details, as optional network specific digit, register, address, sequential, signal and form etc.But to those skilled in the art, clearly, implementing can not need these specific details when of the present invention.Under the other situation,, some well-known circuit and equipment are then represented with block scheme for fear of the present invention is beyonded one's depth.
Referring to Fig. 1, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have wherein been provided.A plurality of external units with numeral 11 to 16 Lai Biao Chi, are coupled to principal computer 10 by single cable 17.In this preferred embodiment, all devices is by babyphone socket and principal computer communication, and unitor done following distribution: top power (tip-power), annular-data (ring-data) and ring set-recurrence power (sleeve-power refurn).High level signal (1) is minimum to be 2.4 volts, and low level signal (0) is up to 0.8 volt.Although wish in a preferred embodiment of the invention to use unit cable, other communication device also can use as broadband method, fibre system and infrared signal.
Bus among the present invention supports that (key table of this equipment shows a symbol or a kind of function to encoding device, as keyboard 14), (the corresponding opertaing device of this equipment is (as mouse type scaler 11 or 12 for equipment relatively, display highlighting move can any point be starting point) and absolute device (a constant direct relation being arranged, between the display position of this equipment and the device location) as sketching board 13.
This system also allows the extended address equipment networking, and extended address equipment is shared public hardware jumper address, but particular device is also had unique address, and principal computer needed to differentiate this address before this equipment of visit.For example, suppose that instrument can be coupled to principal computer, and controlled by principal computer.In this case, all instrument all have identical mounting hardware wire jumper address.The principal computer of ground floor is in order to choose instrument, as long as select this hardware jumper address simply.At this moment, all instrument all are in disarmed state.If principal computer is sent out a signal to a certain instrument, and the extended address of this signal and instrument coupling, then this instrument is just become effective status by this principal computer.Extended address is an identification code, and in a preferred embodiment, extended address is 64 bytes.As long as principal computer provides extended address, the equipment with this address promptly enters effective status.The order of being sent out to the instrument address is later on all carried out by this equipment, and needn't all provide extended address at every turn.Effectively instrument is carried out all orders to the instrument address, and invalid equipment then is in passive state.Invalid for effective extended address equipment is become, as long as principal computer provides the extended address of another extended address equipment, it is become effectively, it is invalid simultaneously former effective equipment to be become.Suppose anyly can all be applicable to the present networks design proposal by the equipment of principal computer control, as electric light, electric furnace, spray irrigation system and telephone answering machine etc.Suppose the hardware jumper address that has another extended address equipment in this system at least, this address will be used for system protection or User Recognition.For example, a certain equipment on this address can have an extended address, has only after system user provides this extended address, and system could work.In other cases, some may require principal computer to provide the extended address of other safety equipment before operating in separately and carrying out.These safety equipment are as " key ", are used for some operation of pinning total system or carrying out in system.
In addition, the present invention has kept software address section 16 for network application.Keep the software address section and be when having identical external unit to be coupled on the bus used.For example, if be coupled not only mouse type scaler on the bus, principal computer distributes new address for each mouse type scaler, and these addresses just are placed on the software address section.
Although provided the special case that is coupled to each type equipment on the bus, may not have only a kind of by every kind equipment for addresses distributed.For example the sketching board pen is a kind of absolute device, also be absolute device and touch video screen, and it has identical fix command address with sketching board.At this moment, principal computer will be given the new address of each devices allocation in the software address section.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the address assignment of a plurality of external units is as follows:
Address device type example
0000(0) extended address equipment safety system, user ID
0001(1) extended address equipment instrument
0010(2) encoding device keyboard
0011(3) relative equipment mouse type scaler
0100(4) absolute device sketching board touches video screen
0101(5) keep nothing
0110(6) keep nothing
0111(7) keep nothing
1000(8) software address addressing same external equipment
…… …… ……
1111(15) software address addressing same external equipment
Those skilled in the art will recognize, can also give other address of these devices allocation, the numerical digit of these addresses can be than Duoing among the embodiment or lacking.
In this preferred embodiment, all external units all have four registers to be used for receiving and sending data.To each equipment, say that register 3 and tin register 3 have comprised the status information such as device address, handling procedure information.All the other registers all are data registers, and except that listening register 2, these registers are task equipments, listen register 2 to comprise the extended address of extended address equipment or the equipment Proprietary Information of software address addressing unit.
In this preferred embodiment of the present invention, three types communication is arranged, i.e. order, data and omnidistance signal on the external bus.Order is sent to external unit by principal computer; Data are sent to external unit or are sent to principal computer by external unit by principal computer; Omnidistance signal is the special system-wide information that is sent to.
In the preferred embodiment, data are by the low level time of each bit and the rate code of high level time.The bit boundary definition is the negative edge on the bus.Zero-code is such bit, and its low level time is greater than high level time, shown in Fig. 2 bit 20." 1 " then is defined as such bit, its low level time less than high level time, shown in Fig. 2 bit 21.In this preferred embodiment, start bit is defined as " 1 ", position of rest is " 0 ", position of rest does not have extra negative edge to define the bit time.Position of rest is used for the termination of processing procedure on the synchronous bus.
The bit cycle of command signal and low speed data transmission is approximately 100 microseconds ± 30%.The bit of high speed data transfer is 50 microseconds ± 1%.The form of data processing be start bit (1) be thereafter can reach 256 data bit, be position of rest at last, when using other communication device, then can adopt other signal format.
Order can only be sent by principal computer.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, three kinds of orders are arranged: say, listen and zero clearing.As shown in Figure 6, be the beginning of directive command, provided the prompting pulse earlier, the prompting pulse is produced for low level sends in the cycle at " T-attn " by bus by principal computer.In this preferred embodiment, the T-attn cycle is approximately the 560-1040 microsecond.After the prompting pulse is synchronizing pulse, and synchronizing pulse is in order to start bus timing.Continue to use behind the synchronizing pulse and do the primary timing reference point of order.After the order position of rest (being " 0 " in the present embodiment).Behind the position of rest, if there is not the services request of miscellaneous equipment, bus recovery is to its normal high level state.
In this preferred embodiment, order is one 8 place values.This order contains 4 device address sections, stipulates the mounting hardware wire jumper address (address as mouse type scaler is 0011) of required external unit.Thereafter two is command bit, is two bit register address fields at last, and it provides a special register R0-R3 in the selected external unit for the treatment of appointment.In this preferred embodiment, command code is as follows:
Command code
Zero clearing 01
Listen 10
Say 11
Say that order makes selected equipment that its data are passed to principal computer, listen order to make selected equipment receive and deposit its register in from the data of principal computer.The zero clearing order all has effect to each equipment by the specific installation definition, and it can be used for the register zero clearing or all keys on the keyboard are resetted so that send again.
Certain external unit is carried out when saying order in elected, and this equipment must be made within a certain period of time and echoing, and this is called " time exceeds " cycle.Time exceeds the cycle, and " Tlt " is approximately 140-260 microsecond (2 bits).Exceed if selected equipment is not free, then become effective status on bus, carry out data transmission, the finish command is carried out then, returns to the disarmed state on the bus.
Omnidistance signal is used for neither order the also process processing of non-data.Omnidistance signal comprises: prompting and synchronizing signal, be used for initial order and bus timing; Service request signal is used for equipment and serves to the principal computer request; Reset signal makes bus be low level in the minimal value of Tres, interrupts to produce on bus.The Tres cycle is approximately 2.8-5.2 millisecond (40 bits).Omnidistance signal will be done detailed description with other processing procedure.
Since external unit receive principal computer say order after can only send data, native system provides a kind of equipment can notify principal computer to need service method, this sends service request signal by equipment to principal computer and realizes.Among the present invention, sending service request signal is exactly to make bus keep low level behind the position of rest of arbitrary command process.Each external unit that is coupled on the bus all has some registers (being 4 registers in this preferred embodiment), and Fig. 3 shows a register of external unit.The A13 position is the services request enable bit, and when this position is changed to high level by principal computer, when needing service, equipment just can make bus be in low level behind the position of rest of command process, as shown in Figure 6.Equipment will continue to send services request, up to the order of saying of receiving principal computer.The process flow diagram of Fig. 4 has provided the treatment step after the device request service.
At first, this equipment determines whether it asks service, and promptly whether it has data to transmit to principal computer.If there are data to transmit, equipment is with its position, inner mark position.When principal computer sent Next Command, whether equipment inspection this issued its order.If order does not choose this equipment, equipment will check whether its services request enable bit (the A13 position of register 3) is changed to high level.If high level, this equipment makes bus behind the order position of rest be low level, referring to Fig. 6.Equipment is waited for and is received next principal computer order then, checks whether order is said in selected execution.If this equipment is chosen in order, it will determine whether order, and if not saying order, equipment sends services request, carry out the order of receiving, and wait for Next Command then; If say order, equipment sends data, and thinks that services request is satisfied.Equipment continues to monitor himself state, when needs service with decision.Owing to make principal computer can control the services request enable bit, on bus, realized more efficient operation.After receiving services request, principal computer only need check whether the equipment that the services request enable bit is set needs service.In addition, principal computer can be forbidden the unwanted equipment of some special applications.
When transmitting data, equipment can collision detection.If external unit will export 1, and data line is 0 maybe will become 0, can think that primary collision has taken place for this equipment and another equipment.This means that another equipment also transmits data on bus.When this situation took place, the equipment that hit stops to carry out on the bus said order, and keeps the transmission data in order to sending again.When bumping, equipment is with its position, inner mark position.In the prior art, external unit can't collision detection.This new feature of the present invention makes communication operation more effective.By collision detection, equipment can keep the data of transmission, and sends services request to principal computer.Detection method of the present invention does not need latent period before detecting collision.If bus is taken by miscellaneous equipment, equipment will stop its data transmission, or when bus is occupied, just do not begin transmission simply, in addition, this detection method also is useful for a plurality of equipment that the location has same hardware jumper address, for example for mouse type scaler 11 and 12 shown in Figure 1.
In this case, principal computer is shared the address that identical address just can change equipment by making collision equipment, and principal computer chooses these equipment to realize above-mentioned purpose by saying the R3 order.One of register of R3(equipment) comprises information shown in Figure 3.A0 is the handling procedure information of equipment to the A7 position, principal computer hence one can see that the function of equipment and the purposes of data that equipment provides.A8 is an address field to A11, and when not only an equipment that is coupled on the bus had identical command address, the content of this section was changed.At this moment, it is every to A11 that one of software address section will be distributed to A8, and this just is used as the command address of equipment later on.Before this, be a random number in these bits, be used for the auxiliary detection collision.For example, receive R3 order if any two mouse type scaler, and begin simultaneously to carry out and say order, the two all detects less than collision.If but be random number in the address field of register R3, then the final output of two equipment will be different, at this moment, one of two equipment will detect collision and stop execution saying order.The A12 position is the high speed enable bit, if this position, position, then data transmission adopts higher modulation speed (each frame 50 microsecond).The high speed enable bit is by principal computer set.If principal computer can not be used the high modulation rate receiving data, it just all places low level with the high speed enable bit of all devices.If principal computer can be used the high modulation rate receiving data, and equipment can send (that information be included in the register 3 in the handling procedure positions) with high modulation speed, and then principal computer enables the position high level with the high speed of equipment.As previously mentioned, the A13 position is the services request enable bit.By principal computer set,, handles equipment so that carrying out services request.The usefulness of doing is in the future stayed in A14 and A15 position, is changed to 0.
Receive after the R3 order, equipment offers principal computer with its state (being handling procedure and address).If be coupled two equipment of the same type on the bus, then has only a response command, because another can detect collision.Fig. 5 shows the method for distributing new address on bus.
After receiving the R3 order, equipment will send out its state from register 3.If data line transfers low level to, equipment is just thought and is bumped, and stops to send (promptly stop to carry out and say order), and its position, inner mark position with expression collision has been taken place.Principal computer sends to the address of mouse type scaler listens the R3 order.Each says that order all resets the internal impact zone bit of equipment, the whether set of its collision position of equipment inspection, if there is not set, equipment will be every to A11 with listening software address in the R3 order to replace A8.In this mode, new address that can tracking equipment by principal computer can change the device address that receives order.If equipment detects the collision position after listening the R3 order, equipment does not change the software address position, but can change other section of R3.Whether principal computer sends another and says the R3 order, have any equipment still to use mouse type scaler address to check.At this moment, remaining mouse type scaler will be sent its start bit, detect less than collision, and send its state from register 3.Principal computer is beamed back one to mouse type scaler address and is listened the R3 order.At this moment, remaining mouse type scaler will detect less than the collision position that is set in this example, so use the A8 from the software address replacement register 3 that principal computer receives every to A11.Principal computer sends another to mouse type scaler and says the R3 order then, at this moment, because there is not mouse type scaler in that address, so will exceed the time on the bus, principal computer knows that the equipment to each shared mouse type scaler address has all distributed new address.
In one embodiment of the invention, an equipment is arranged on the external unit, be used in reference to and show validity, be called the validity indicator.The validity indicator can be a special keys on the keyboard or a button on the mouse type scaler.When not only a device coupled was on bus, the host computer function showed that certain equipment of information requirements uses the validity indicator.Then, principal computer is sent out and is listened the R3 order, and this order changes the address of effective equipment.In this way, in multi-user system, each equipment all can be positioned and distribute new address.
Arrive this, the complete external unit bus that allows a plurality of external units are coupled to by single port principal computer of having described.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of being used for asked service method by an equipment that is connected on the principal computer by communication medium, it is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
(1) if this equipment needs service, the service request bit of this equipment of principal computer is set to first logical value, produces a service request signal to allow this equipment;
(2) this equipment need to determine a service and an inner marker position to be set to first logical value, needs service to indicate this equipment;
(3) this equipment monitor is from the order of principal computer, and whether this order is to be addressed to this equipment to observe;
(4) if this order is not to be addressed to this equipment, and if this service request bit be set to first logical value, then this equipment after this order by communication medium being kept one period very first time low service request signal that on these medium, sends at interval;
(5) if this order is addressed to this equipment, be not the order of this equipment of service if this equipment is determined this order, and if this service request bit be set at first logical value, this equipment then:
A) hang down on these medium, to produce service request signal by this communication medium being kept a very first time be spaced apart in this order back;
B) carry out this order;
(6) if this order is addressed to this equipment, if this equipment determine this order be not the service this equipment order, and if this service request bit be not arranged on first logical value, then this equipment is carried out this order and is not produced service request signal;
(7) repeating step 3,4 and 6 receives one up to this equipment and is addressed to this equipment and serves the order of this equipment.
2, according to claim 1 be used to ask service method, it is characterized in that first logical value is a logical one.
3, according to claim 1 be used to ask service method, the order that it is characterized in that serving this equipment is the order of saying that is addressed to this equipment.
4, according to claim 1 be used to ask service method, it is characterized in that: comprise an other step, that is, be addressed to the saying after the order of this equipment receiving, this this send its data fully to principal computer.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/765,396 US4910655A (en) | 1985-08-14 | 1985-08-14 | Apparatus for transferring signals and data under the control of a host computer |
| US765,396 | 1985-08-14 | ||
| CN86102839.2A CN1010261B (en) | 1985-08-14 | 1986-04-24 | Peripheral bus |
Related Parent Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN86102839 Division | 1986-04-24 | ||
| CN86102839.2A Division CN1010261B (en) | 1985-08-14 | 1986-04-24 | Peripheral bus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1045883A true CN1045883A (en) | 1990-10-03 |
| CN1017285B CN1017285B (en) | 1992-07-01 |
Family
ID=25742203
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90102573 Expired CN1017285B (en) | 1985-08-14 | 1986-04-24 | Peripheral bus |
| CN 90102572 Expired CN1016834B (en) | 1985-08-14 | 1986-04-24 | Peripheral bus |
| CN 90102574 Expired - Lifetime CN1024961C (en) | 1985-08-14 | 1986-04-24 | Peripheral bus |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90102572 Expired CN1016834B (en) | 1985-08-14 | 1986-04-24 | Peripheral bus |
| CN 90102574 Expired - Lifetime CN1024961C (en) | 1985-08-14 | 1986-04-24 | Peripheral bus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (3) | CN1017285B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100602204B1 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2006-07-19 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Controll system have main controller and peripheral controller, metnod for bus connection |
| US7856520B2 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2010-12-21 | Silicon Image, Inc. | Control bus for connection of electronic devices |
| US10019306B2 (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2018-07-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Collision detection for slave storage devices |
| CN106111715A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-11-16 | 湖州亨达铝业有限公司 | A kind of pressurizing unit of aluminium section bar |
-
1986
- 1986-04-24 CN CN 90102573 patent/CN1017285B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-04-24 CN CN 90102572 patent/CN1016834B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-04-24 CN CN 90102574 patent/CN1024961C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1016834B (en) | 1992-05-27 |
| CN1024961C (en) | 1994-06-08 |
| CN1017285B (en) | 1992-07-01 |
| CN1045882A (en) | 1990-10-03 |
| CN1045884A (en) | 1990-10-03 |
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