CN104585097B - 一种循环式水产养殖装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种循环式水产养殖装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104585097B CN104585097B CN201510053469.6A CN201510053469A CN104585097B CN 104585097 B CN104585097 B CN 104585097B CN 201510053469 A CN201510053469 A CN 201510053469A CN 104585097 B CN104585097 B CN 104585097B
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- purifying tank
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- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M nitrite anion Chemical compound 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[O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical compound 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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域，涉及一种循环式水产养殖装置及方法，自净循环水养殖池底部排污口通过排污管与生态生物净水池连通，生态生物净水池中盛装的水体上设置有种植水生生物的人工浮岛，生态生物净水池的底部铺设有沙子，沙子下方的地下土层形成土层微生物滤床，生态生物净水池的中央设有敞口竖井，敞口竖井的下端设置有多孔滤水管和潜水泵，潜水泵与进水装置对接连通，进水装置上套接有文丘里增氧管；该方法通过养殖水体自身特点和土层中微生物菌群特性的相互配合实现水体循环利用、净化、再利用，其投入和运行成本低，操作方式简便，废物排放量几乎为零，养殖效果好、密度高，环境友好，安全无害。
Description
技术领域
:
[0001] 本发明属于水产养殖技术领域，涉及一种循环式水产养殖装置及方法，无需使用沉淀池、过滤装置、蛋白分离机和紫外消毒器等设施，即可实现循环式水产养殖。背景技术:
[0002] 水产养殖是人为控制下繁殖、培育和收获水生动植物的生产活动，我国水产养殖业较为发达，淡水养殖总产量多年来一直居世界首位;但同时也面临严重挑战:一方面，水域生态环境总体呈恶化趋势，近年来，水域环境污染造成的灾害性事件例如蓝藻爆发、浒苔蔓延、鱼病加剧等事件频发，对水产养殖业造成了巨大危害；另一方面，由于水产养殖病害加剧使得用药泛滥，导致生产成本增加的同时食品安全受到严重威胁，水产品质量逐年下降，并形成恶性循环无法遏制。传统的养殖方法受到越来越多的挑战，因此转变现有的养殖模式而使用先进的现代水产养殖模式成为不可逆转趋势，目前现有技术中较为优选的养殖模式是循环水设施养殖技术，即养殖废水经过净化后，再回到养殖池，从而形成水体封闭循环再利用，其所具备的优点有:第一，养殖废水无需外排，不会影响周边水质环境，是绿色环保的养殖技术;第二，水体循环利用，可以有效节约水资源和土地资源;第三，避免了外界水体中的有害物质进入养殖池引发病害；第四，能够有效防止各类水产病害的交叉感染;第五，通过合理的品种搭配，可以实现高密度的养殖。
[0003] 众所周知，水产养殖中养殖池中水质恶化的元凶是池底的有机固体沉积物，因为在养殖过程中有许多残饵、粪便以及原生动物和微藻的尸体等沉积池底，并在微生物的作用下腐败、变质而滋生出许多有害原生动物和细菌，同时产生大量有害气体和物质溶解在水中，随着时间的推移腐败堆积物会越积越多，而现有技术中采取的手段大多数是大量换水或进行沉淀过滤，但却难以从根本上解决问题，因此本发明设计出一种循环式水产渔业养殖模式的装置及方法，特别适合在水资源贫乏、土地紧缺的地区发展水产养殖，具有较好的应用前景和经济价值。发明内容:
[0004] 本发明的发明目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，寻求设计一种高产量、低成本的循环式水产养殖装置及方法，利用循环水养殖池和水质净化系统相配合，实现循环水体中高密度养殖。
[0005] 为了实现上述目的，本发明涉及的循环式水产养殖装置的主体结构包括自净循环水养殖池、生态生物净水池、土层微生物滤床、敞口竖井、排污口、排污管、人工浮岛、潜水栗、文丘里增氧管和进水装置，自净循环水养殖池的底部四周向中央倾斜形成漏斗状，其底端的排污口通过排污管与生态生物净水池连通，以便自净循环水养殖池中排出的污水直接流入生态生物净水池中；生态生物净水池中盛装的水体上设置有人工浮岛，人工浮岛上种植有水生植物用以汲取水体中的氨氮和亚硝酸盐成分;生态生物净水池的底部铺设有厚度为10-20cm的沙子，沙子下方的地下土层形成土层微生物滤床，生态生物净水池的中央设有深度为5-8米的敞口竖井，敞口竖井的井口高出生态生物净水池中的水体液面以防止生态生物净水池中的水体倒灌，敞口竖井的井口至土层下2m为全封闭管体结构以隔离生态生物净水池中的水体和土层浅层净化不完全的水体，敞口竖井的下端设置有多孔滤水管和潜水栗，潜水栗与布置在自净循环水养殖池周沿上和敞口竖井中的进水装置对接连通，用于将敞口竖井中经过土层微生物滤床净化后的水抽回至自净循环水养殖池中，进水装置上套接有文丘里增氧管用于配合潜水栗栗水时注氧。
[0006] 本发明中所述自净循环水养殖池呈圆形或钝角多边形，水体容量为500-1000m3， 水深1.5-1.8m;生态生物净水池的水体容量为1000-2000m3，池水深1.5-1.8m，其中放养有能够滤食残饵、排泄物、浮游动植物、鱼类尸体和细菌的水产生物，使废水中的固体污物得到清除达到废水的初步净化，池底铺设的沙子粒径为0.25-8mm。
[0007] 本发明涉及的循环式水产养殖方法具体包括以下工艺步骤:
[0008] (1)先向自净循环水养殖池和生态生物净水池中注入清水，在排污管连通的情况下使得上述两个池中的水面高度一致;按常规进行消毒、肥水后向自净循环水养殖池中放养养殖鱼类，投饵2〜3天后开启潜水栗向自净循环水养殖池中栗水，当自净循环水养殖池中水面高过生态生物净水池时，自净循环水养殖池中的水通过排污管自动流入生态生物净水池中；潜水栗和文丘里增氧管在注水的同时通过文丘里管原理吸入空气随水流进入自净循环水养殖池中，同时在水力的冲击下自净循环水养殖池中的固体污物逐步向池底中央集结，并随水流通过排污管排出至生态生物净水池中；[〇〇〇9] (2)自净循环水养殖池中排出的固体污物对生态生物净水池中的贝类提供营养， 水中溶解的可溶性蛋白、氨氮和亚硝酸盐为人工浮岛上的植物提供培养剂，或者被生态生物净水池中微藻吸收用以繁殖，从而带动原生动物大量生长给贝类带来饵料；自净循环水养殖池中排出的水经过生态生物净水池中各生物生态系统的消化、吸收，实现废物利用、鱼贝立体养殖及养殖水体初步净化；
[0010] (3)生态生物净水池中的水体经池底沙子渗漏过滤后进入下面的土层微生物滤床中，经过土层和其中微生物菌群的作用使池水达到净化;潜水栗将敞口竖井中净化后的水汲取栗入到自净循环水养殖池中进行二次养殖利用，从而实现水体的利用、净化、再利用的循环。
[0011] 本发明与现有技术相比，无需借助沉淀池、过滤装置、蛋白分离机、膜法接触氧化反应器、紫外消毒器等众多设施，通过养殖水体自身特点和土层中微生物菌群特性的相互配合实现水体循环利用、净化、再利用，投入和运行成本低，操作方式简便，废物排放量几乎为零，养殖效果好、密度高，环境友好，安全无害。附图说明:
[0012] 图1为本发明涉及的循环式水产养殖装置的主体结构原理示意图。
[0013] 图2为本发明涉及的循环式水产养殖方法的原理流程示意框图。具体实施方式:
[0014] 下面结合附图并通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明，但本发明并不局限于以下实施方式。
[0015] 实施例:
[0016] 本实施例中涉及的循环式水体养殖装置的主体结构包括自净循环水养殖池1、生态生物净水池2、土层微生物滤床3、敞口竖井4、排污口 5、排污管6、人工浮岛7、潜水栗8、文丘里增氧管9和进水装置10,自净循环水养殖池1的底部四周向中央倾斜形成漏斗状，其底端的排污口 5通过排污管6与生态生物净水池2连通，以便自净循环水养殖池1中排出的污水直接流入生态生物净水池2中；生态生物净水池2中盛装的水体上设置有人工浮岛7,人工浮岛7上种植有根系发达的经济水生植物(例如空心菜、水芹、裙带菜等)以汲取水体中的氨氮、亚硝酸盐等成分;生态生物净水池2的底部铺设有厚度为10-20cm、粒径为0.25-8mm的沙子，沙子下方的地下土层形成土层微生物滤床3,生态生物净水池2的中央设有深度为5-8米的敞口竖井4，敞口竖井4的井口高出生态生物净水池2中的水体液面以防止生态生物净水池2中的水体倒灌，敞口竖井4的井口至土层下2m为全封闭管体结构以隔离生态生物净水池 2中的水体和土层浅层净化不完全的水体，敞口竖井4的下端设置有多孔滤水管和潜水栗8， 潜水栗8与布置在自净循环水养殖池1周沿上和敞口竖井4中的进水装置10对接连通，用于将敞口竖井4中经过土层微生物滤床3净化后的水抽回至自净循环水养殖池1中，进水装置 10上套接有文丘里增氧管9用于配合潜水栗8栗水时注氧。[〇〇17] 本实施例中涉及的自净循环水养殖池1呈圆形或钝角多边形，水体容量为500-1000m3，水深1.5-1.8m;生态生物净水池2的水体容量为1000-2000m3，池水深1.5-1.8m，其中放养有能够滤食残饵、排泄物、浮游动植物、鱼类尸体和细菌的贝类等水产生物，使废水中的固体污物得到清除达到废水的初步净化;潜水栗8为市售射流增氧潜水栗。
[0018] 本实施例中涉及的循环式水产养殖方法为:
[0019] (1)先向自净循环水养殖池1和生态生物净水池2中注入清水，在排污管6连通的情况下使得两个池中的水面高度一致;按常规进行消毒、肥水后向自净循环水养殖池1中放养养殖鱼类，投饵2〜3天后开启潜水栗8向自净循环水养殖池1中栗水，当自净循环水养殖池1 中水面高过生态生物净水池2时为保持水体平衡，自净循环水养殖池1中的水通过排污管6 自动流入生态生物净水池2中；潜水栗8和文丘里增氧管9在注水的同时通过文丘里管原理吸入大量空气随水流进入自净循环水养殖池1中，同时在水力的冲击下自净循环水养殖池1 中的残饵、鱼类排泄物、动植物尸体等固体污物逐步向池底中央集结，并随水流通过排污管 6排出至生态生物净水池2中；
[0020] (2)自净循环水养殖池1中排出的固体污物对生态生物净水池2中的贝类提供营养，水中溶解的可溶性蛋白、氨氮、亚硝酸盐等为人工浮岛7上的植物提供培养剂，或者被生态生物净水池2中微藻吸收用以繁殖，从而带动原生动物大量生长给贝类带来丰富饵料；自净循环水养殖池1中排出的水经过生态生物净水池2中各个生态系统的消化、吸收，实现了废物利用和鱼贝的立体养殖，且彼此之间不争空间、不占水体、不争氧气，使养殖水体达到初步净化；
[0021] (3)生态生物净水池2中的水体经池底沙子慢慢渗漏过滤后进入下面的土层微生物滤床3中，经过土层和其强大的微生物菌群的作用使池水达到彻底净化;潜水栗8将敞口竖井4中净化后的水汲取栗入到自净循环水养殖池1中进行二次养殖利用，从而实现水体的利用、净化、再利用的循环。[〇〇22] 本实施例中当从敞口竖井4中抽水时可能会带入土层微生物滤床3中原有的地下水，生态生物净水池2中的渗入水也可能流往别处，但经过一段时间运行后土层微生物滤床 3中的水体会达到平衡，渗入的水量与抽取的水量也会平衡，不会产生抽水过量而形成水漏斗或无水可抽的情况，同时土层微生物滤床3中的微生物菌群在有机水体的培育下会大量繁殖，以增加对水体的净化功能。
Claims (1)
1.一种循环式水产养殖装置，其特征在于:主体结构包括自净循环水养殖池、生态生物 净水池、土层微生物滤床、敞口竖井、排污口、排污管、人工浮岛、潜水栗、文丘里增氧管和进 水装置，自净循环水养殖池的底部四周向中央倾斜形成漏斗状，其底端的排污口通过排污 管与生态生物净水池连通，以便自净循环水养殖池中排出的污水直接流入生态生物净水池 中；生态生物净水池中盛装的水体上设置有人工浮岛，人工浮岛上种植有水生植物用以汲 取水体中的氨氮和亚硝酸盐成分;生态生物净水池的底部铺设有厚度为10_20cm的沙子， 沙子下方的地下土层形成土层微生物滤床，生态生物净水池的中央设有深度为5-8米的敞 口竖井，敞口竖井的井口高出生态生物净水池中的水体液面以防止生态生物净水池中的水 体倒灌，敞口竖井的井口至土层下2m为全封闭管体结构以隔离生态生物净水池中的水体 和土层浅层净化不完全的水体，敞口竖井的下端设置有多孔滤水管和潜水栗，潜水栗与布 置在自净循环水养殖池周沿上和敞口竖井中的进水装置对接连通，用于将敞口竖井中经过 土层微生物滤床净化后的水抽回至自净循环水养殖池中，进水装置上套接有文丘里增氧管 用于配合潜水栗栗水时注氧；自净循环水养殖池呈圆形或钝角多边形，水体容量为500-1000m3,水深1.5-1.8m ;生态 生物净水池的水体容量为1000-2000m3，池水深1.5-1.8m，其中放养有能够滤食残饵、排泄 物、浮游动植物、鱼类尸体和细菌的水产生物，使废水中的固形有害物得到清除达到废水的 初步净化，池底铺设的沙子粒径为〇.25-8mm;实现循环式水产养殖的方法具体包括以下工艺步骤:(1) 先向自净循环水养殖池和生态生物净水池中注入清水，在排污管连通的情况下使 得上述两个池中的水面高度一致;按常规进行消毒、肥水后向自净循环水养殖池中放养养 殖鱼类，投饵2〜3天后开启潜水栗向自净循环水养殖池中栗水，当自净循环水养殖池中 水面高过生态生物净水池时，自净循环水养殖池中的水通过排污管自动流入生态生物净水 池中；潜水栗和文丘里增氧管在注水的同时通过文丘里管原理吸入空气随水流进入自净循 环水养殖池中，同时在水力的冲击下自净循环水养殖池中的固形有害物逐步向池底中央集 结，并随水流通过排污管排出至生态生物净水池中；(2) 自净循环水养殖池中排出的固形有害物对生态生物净水池中的贝类提供营养，水 中溶解的可溶性蛋白、氨氮和亚硝酸盐为人工浮岛上的植物提供培养剂，或者被生态生物 净水池中微藻吸收用以繁殖，从而带动原生动物大量生长给贝类带来饵料；自净循环水养 殖池中排出的水经过生态生物净水池中各生物生态系统的消化、吸收，实现废物利用、鱼贝 立体养殖及养殖水体初步净化；(3) 生态生物净水池中的水体经池底沙子渗漏过滤后进入下面的土层微生物滤床中， 经过土层和其中微生物菌群的作用使池水达到净化;潜水栗将敞口竖井中净化后的水汲取 栗入到自净循环水养殖池中进行二次养殖利用，从而实现水体的利用、净化、再利用的循 环。
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Denomination of invention: Circulating aquaculture device and method Effective date of registration: 20181024 Granted publication date: 20170301 Pledgee: Qingdao Huitong Chinese financing Company limited by guarantee Pledgor: Qingdao Zhongke Seawater Treatment Co., Ltd. Registration number: 2018370010118 |
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Date of cancellation: 20190930 Granted publication date: 20170301 Pledgee: Qingdao Huitong Chinese financing Company limited by guarantee Pledgor: Qingdao Zhongke Seawater Treatment Co., Ltd. Registration number: 2018370010118 |
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Effective date of registration: 20191021 Address after: 266072 Shandong city of Qingdao province such as Shinan District Road No. 18 No. 11 outlets Co-patentee after: Xinjiang zhongkehai aquatic Polytron Technologies Inc Patentee after: Qingdao Zhongke Seawater Treatment Co., Ltd. Address before: 266072 Shandong city of Qingdao province such as Shinan District Road No. 18 No. 11 outlets Patentee before: Qingdao Zhongke Seawater Treatment Co., Ltd. |
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