CN104576096B - Spring operating mechanism and breaker adopting same - Google Patents

Spring operating mechanism and breaker adopting same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104576096B
CN104576096B CN201410819385.4A CN201410819385A CN104576096B CN 104576096 B CN104576096 B CN 104576096B CN 201410819385 A CN201410819385 A CN 201410819385A CN 104576096 B CN104576096 B CN 104576096B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
buckle
energy storage
output shaft
arm
cooperation
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
CN201410819385.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104576096A (en
Inventor
闵伟
史政凯
刘秉杰
李建兵
郭国领
张国跃
齐辉
赵艳红
于洪宇
王小焕
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Tianjin Pinggao Intelligent Electric Co Ltd
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Tianjin Pinggao Intelligent Electric Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201410819385.4A priority Critical patent/CN104576096B/en
Publication of CN104576096A publication Critical patent/CN104576096A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104576096B publication Critical patent/CN104576096B/en
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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H01H3/3031Means for locking the spring in a charged state
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10Operating or release mechanisms

Landscapes

  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a spring operating mechanism and a breaker adopting the same. The spring operating mechanism comprises a closing half shaft, an output shaft, an energy storage shaft provided with an energy storage shaft cam as well as a closing buckle plate, wherein an energy storage keeping roller is arranged on the energy storage shaft cam; the closing buckle plate comprises a buckle plate body as well as a first buckle plate arm and a second buckle plate arm which are arranged on the buckle plate body; a locking bulge is arranged on the output shaft; a bulge matching side surface is arranged on the first buckle plate arm; a roller matching side surface and a half shaft matching side surface are arranged on the second buckle plate arm; in a rotating process with the output shaft, the locking bulge has a locking work station in blocking matching with the bulge matching side surface to enable the roller matching side surface and the energy storage keeping roller to be in blocking matching as well as a yielding work station yielding the first buckle plate arm. With the adoption of the spring operating mechanism and the breaker adopting the same, the problem that the spring operating mechanism has multiple parts and a complicated structure due to separated arrangement of an energy storage latch and a closing locking plate in the prior art is solved.

Description

Spring operating mechanism and the breaker using this spring operating mechanism
Technical field
The present invention relates to spring operating mechanism and the breaker using this spring operating mechanism.
Background technology
The outstanding advantages such as spring operating mechanism has that the principle of work and power is simple, low cost, energy storage are reliable and stable, are widely used in In all kinds of switchgears.Existing spring operating mechanism includes floodgate semiaxis, the energy storage axle that pivot center extends in left-right direction And output shaft, energy storage axle is provided with energy storage axis cam, output shaft is provided with output shaft connecting lever, output shaft connecting lever and energy storage axle Cam drive connects, and when needing to close a floodgate, switching-in spring drives energy storage axle to rotate counterclockwise, and energy storage axis cam passes through pushing tow output shaft Connecting lever and drive output shaft output feed motion, output shaft is in transmission connection with each phase moving contact of breaker.Spring operating mechanism Fault when lead to the main cause of switchgear " refuse, malfunction ", therefore in order to improve the reliability of switchgear further, need To improve the reliability of spring operating mechanism further.In order to prevent closing a floodgate again because of maloperation during the non-separating brake of breaker, one As in spring operating mechanism equipped with special closing locking plate, after dynamic and static contact closes a floodgate, closing locking plate clasps combined floodgate half Axle, thus realize can not closing a floodgate again during the non-separating brake of breaker.When need spring operating mechanism close a floodgate when, manually button or Solenoid actuated floodgate semiaxis rotate, and realize the dropout that energy storage keeps pallet, and energy storage axle drives output shaft rotation thus realizing closing Lock operates, and then needs to keep pallet to carry out the operation that resets energy storage by torsion spring, prepares for next energy storage, closing locking plate Now prevent from closing a floodgate again because of maloperation during the non-separating brake of breaker.The problem that existing this spring actuating structure exists exists In:Energy storage keeps pallet and closing locking plate both parts to be provided separately, and also needs energy storage to be kept pallet setting reset simultaneously Torsion spring, this can cause spring operating mechanism parts more, complex structure, lead to close a floodgate when security, stability relatively Low.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of spring operating mechanism, keep pallet and conjunction to solve energy storage in prior art Lock latch plate split arranges and leads to the how baroque problem of spring operating mechanism parts;The present invention also aims to carrying For a kind of breaker of use spring operating mechanism.
In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, the technical scheme of spring operating mechanism is:
Spring operating mechanism, drives output shaft defeated including the floodgate semiaxis be arrangeding in parallel, output shaft with when rotating counterclockwise Go out the energy storage axle of feed motion, energy storage axle is provided with energy storage axis cam, energy storage axis cam is provided with energy storage and keeps roller, bullet Spring operating mechanism also includes the combined floodgate buckle of pivot center and energy storage axle, the diameter parallel setting of output shaft, and combined floodgate buckle includes Buckle body and head end are arranged on buckle body, end radially towards the first buckle arm overhanging away from buckle body direction and Second buckle arm, output shaft is provided with locking projection, the first buckle arm has male cooperation side, the second buckle arm has There are roller cooperation side and semiaxis cooperation side, locking projection has and described male cooperation side during with output shaft rotation The cooperation of face block so that roller cooperation side and energy storage keep the cooperation of roller block, semiaxis cooperation side and floodgate semiaxis disengaging and The second buckle arm is made to stop the locking working position that rotates counterclockwise of energy storage axis cam and get out of the way described first buckle arm and make energy storage Keep roller that to floodgate semiaxis, the second buckle arm pushing tow is got out of the way working position.
Be provided with described output shaft raised with locking integrally formed for the cooperation of energy storage axis cam pushing tow and realize The output shaft connecting lever of energy storage axial direction output shaft transmission.
Be provided between first buckle arm and the second buckle arm head end be arranged on buckle body end radially towards away from Buckle body direction overhang the 3rd buckle arm, the side side relative with the first buckle arm on the 3rd buckle arm has for Cooperation spacing with described output shaft connecting lever is to limit the connecting lever cooperation side section that combined floodgate buckle is rotated in the clockwise direction the limit.
Described male cooperation side is arcuate flanks.
Described roller cooperation side is connected with semiaxis cooperation side, and roller cooperation side, semiaxis cooperation side may be contained within Away from one end of buckle body on second buckle arm.
In the present invention, the technical scheme of breaker is:
Breaker, including spring operating mechanism, floodgate semiaxis that spring operating mechanism includes be arrangeding in parallel, output shaft and inverse Drive output shaft to export the energy storage axle of feed motion when hour hands rotate, energy storage axle is provided with energy storage axis cam, energy storage axis cam On be provided with energy storage and keep roller, spring operating mechanism also includes the diameter parallel setting of pivot center and energy storage axle, output shaft Combined floodgate buckle, combined floodgate buckle includes buckle body and head end is arranged on buckle body, end radially towards away from buckle this The first buckle arm and the second buckle arm that body direction overhangs, output shaft are provided with locking projection, the first buckle arm have convex Play cooperation side, the second buckle arm has roller cooperation side and semiaxis cooperation side, locking projection is with output shaft rotation During have with the cooperation of described male cooperation side block so that roller cooperation side and energy storage keep the cooperation of roller block, half Axle coordinate side and floodgate semiaxis to depart from and make locking working position that the second buckle arm prevention energy storage axis cam rotates counterclockwise and Get out of the way described first buckle arm and make energy storage keep roller that to floodgate semiaxis, the second buckle arm pushing tow is got out of the way working position.
Be provided with described output shaft raised with locking integrally formed for the cooperation of energy storage axis cam pushing tow and realize The output shaft connecting lever of energy storage axial direction output shaft transmission.
Be provided between first buckle arm and the second buckle arm head end be arranged on buckle body end radially towards away from Buckle body direction overhang the 3rd buckle arm, the side side relative with the first buckle arm on the 3rd buckle arm has for Cooperation spacing with described output shaft connecting lever is to limit the connecting lever cooperation side section that combined floodgate buckle is rotated in the clockwise direction the limit.
Described male cooperation side is arcuate flanks.
Described roller cooperation side is connected with semiaxis cooperation side, and roller cooperation side, semiaxis cooperation side may be contained within Away from one end of buckle body on second buckle arm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:When the non-separating brake of breaker, now locking projection is in locking working position, and locking is convex Rise to coordinate with the male cooperation side block on the first buckle arm and rotated counterclockwise with limiting combined floodgate buckle, now combined floodgate buckle Roller cooperation side on second buckle arm and energy storage keep the cooperation of roller block to rotate counterclockwise to limit energy storage axis cam, will Corresponding switching-in spring is held in energy storage state, and the side of semiaxis cooperation simultaneously is departed from floodgate semiaxis, even if due to there is maloperation, Floodgate semiaxis also only can dally without causing combined floodgate buckle to thread off and discharge the energy of switching-in spring;After breaker open operation, Locking raised with output shaft rotation to getting out of the way working position, now locking projection no longer block combined floodgate buckle, energy storage keeps roller to push away Dynamic circuit connector lock buckle rotates counterclockwise so that semiaxis cooperation side is coordinated with floodgate semiaxis block, now due to being kept off by floodgate semiaxis Only, therefore combined floodgate buckle can not continue to rotate counterclockwise, and energy storage axis cam can not continue to rotate counterclockwise, when needing to close a floodgate, Floodgate semiaxis are rotated and are departed from semiaxis cooperation side, and now due to having lacked the block of floodgate semiaxis, combined floodgate buckle gets out of the way storage Roller can be kept, storage axis cam is rotated counterclockwise and drives output shaft output feed motion.Combined floodgate buckle in the present invention Energy storage can either be played keeps the effect of pallet can play the effect of closing locking protection again, achieves two using a part Individual function, decreases the amount of parts of spring operating mechanism, reduces the complex degree of structure of spring operating mechanism.
Brief description
Fig. 1 be spring operating mechanism in the present invention an embodiment in locking projection be in structure during locking working position Schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 be spring operating mechanism in the present invention an embodiment in locking projection be in structure when getting out of the way working position Schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 be spring operating mechanism in the present invention an embodiment in structural representation when releasing energy for the switching-in spring Figure;
Fig. 4 be spring operating mechanism in the present invention an embodiment in close a floodgate the structural representation of non-energy storage state;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of combined floodgate buckle in Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment
The enforcement of breaker is for example shown in Fig. 1 ~ 5:Including spring operating mechanism, including floodgate semiaxis 4 be arrangeding in parallel, defeated Shaft 9, energy storage axle 10 and combined floodgate buckle rotating shaft 7, floodgate semiaxis 4 are provided with combined floodgate baffle plate 2, are provided with combined floodgate by combined floodgate baffle plate Electromagnet 1, output shaft 9 is provided with output shaft connecting lever, output shaft connecting lever is provided with connecting lever roller 11, energy storage axle is provided with For being closed with driving output shaft to export when energy storage axle rotates counterclockwise with the connecting lever roller 11 pushing tow cooperation on output shaft connecting lever The energy storage axis cam 3 of lock action, energy storage axis cam is provided with energy storage and keeps roller 5, combined floodgate buckle rotating shaft is provided with combined floodgate Buckle 6, combined floodgate buckle includes buckle body and head end is arranged on buckle body end radially towards away from buckle body direction The first buckle arm 14, the second buckle arm 16 and the 3rd buckle arm 13 overhanging, the 3rd buckle arm is located at the first buckle arm and second Between buckle arm, output shaft connecting lever is wholely set locking projection 8, relative with the 3rd buckle arm 13 on the first buckle arm 14 Side side is the male cooperation side 17 of arcuate structure, and relative with the first buckle arm side side on the 3rd buckle arm 13 has The connecting lever having arc coordinates side section 18, and the second buckle arm is provided with connected roller cooperation side away from one end of buckle body 15 and semiaxis cooperation side 12, semiaxis cooperation side is formed by chamfering structure, and the raised top of locking is cambered surface, and locking is raised to exist With there is during output shaft rotation locking working position and getting out of the way working position, when locking projection is in locking working position as Fig. 1 Shown, raised and on the first buckle arm the male cooperation side pushing tow of locking coordinates, and combined floodgate buckle can not rotate counterclockwise, and the Roller cooperation side and the energy storage of two buckle arms keep the cooperation of roller pushing tow to rotate counterclockwise to limit energy storage axis cam, the second button The semiaxis cooperation side of plate arm is then departed from floodgate semiaxis, and having after now switching-in spring storage energy makes the energy storage axis cam inverse time The trend that pin rotates, but the position-limiting action due to the second buckle arm, energy storage axis cam can not rotate counterclockwise and make combined floodgate Spring releases energy, simultaneously because floodgate semiaxis are separated with the second buckle arm, even if therefore operating personnel's maloperation, closes Lock semiaxis also only can dally, and can't cause to close a floodgate again.When spring operating mechanism separating brake, output shaft rotates counterclockwise and carries Dynamic locking is raised to gets out of the way working position as shown in Fig. 2 now due to having lacked the spacing of locking projection, energy storage axis cam will promote Combined floodgate buckle is low-angle to be rotated counterclockwise, and until semiaxis cooperation side, pushing tow floodgate semiaxis, now due to floodgate semiaxis Spacing, energy storage axis cam can not continue to rotate counterclockwise and so that switching-in spring is released energy.When needing to close a floodgate, floodgate semiaxis rotate And depart from the semiaxis cooperation side of the second buckle arm as shown in figure 3, now combined floodgate buckle, no longer to energy storage axle cam limit, closes Lock spring will drive energy storage axis cam to rotate counterclockwise, energy storage axis cam pushing tow output shaft connecting lever, and output shaft connecting lever drives output Axle rotates clockwise and exports feed motion.During output shaft rotates clockwise, locking projection is also clockwise with output shaft Rotate, now locking projection can make combined floodgate buckle rotate clockwise to reset as shown in figure 4, the by pushing tow male cooperation side Three buckle arms and the spacing cooperation of output shaft connecting lever can prevent the instantaneous pin of combined floodgate buckle transition from rotating.
Locking project through with the first buckle arm pushing tow cooperation and realize the reset after combined floodgate buckle is threaded off, locking raised with Output shaft connecting lever is cast as a part, decreases number of parts, improves reliability;Spring operating mechanism is in energy storage of closing a floodgate During position, locking is raised to carry out spacing, the now roller cooperation side of the second buckle arm and energy storage holding rolling to combined floodgate buckle Wheel block cooperation, the semiaxis cooperation side of the second buckle arm is departed from floodgate semiaxis, prevents spring operating mechanism also "on" position Under close a floodgate again, realize combined floodgate mechanical latching;3rd buckle arm is used for the spacing cooperation with output shaft connecting lever, prevents combined floodgate buckle multiple During position, transition rotates clockwise it is ensured that in extreme position, when that is, locking projection is with male cooperation side block, storing up again Can after close a floodgate holding roller can be with roller cooperation side block cooperation.In the other embodiments of this breaker:3rd buckle arm Can not also set, now reduction torsion spring can be set between combined floodgate buckle and combined floodgate buckle rotating shaft or manually to combined floodgate Buckle is resetted;Locking is raised can also split setting with output shaft connecting lever;Roller cooperation side coordinates side with semiaxis Can be not attached to.
The enforcement of spring operating mechanism is for example shown in Fig. 1 ~ 5:The concrete structure of spring operating mechanism and above-mentioned each breaker Spring operating mechanism described in embodiment is identical, no longer describes in detail again.

Claims (10)

1. spring operating mechanism, drives output shaft output including the floodgate semiaxis be arrangeding in parallel, output shaft with when rotating counterclockwise The energy storage axle of feed motion, energy storage axle is provided with energy storage axis cam it is characterised in that:Energy storage is provided with energy storage axis cam protect Hold roller, spring operating mechanism also includes the combined floodgate buckle of pivot center and energy storage axle, the diameter parallel setting of output shaft, closes a floodgate Buckle includes buckle body and head end is arranged on buckle body, end is radially towards first overhanging away from buckle body direction Buckle arm and the second buckle arm, output shaft is provided with locking projection, and the first buckle arm has male cooperation side, the second button Roller cooperation side and semiaxis cooperation side are had on plate arm, locking projection has convex with described during with output shaft rotation Play the block cooperation of cooperation side so that roller cooperation side and energy storage keep the cooperation of roller block, semiaxis cooperation side and combined floodgate half Axle departs from and so that the second buckle arm is stoped the locking working position that rotates counterclockwise of energy storage axis cam and get out of the way described first buckle arm And make energy storage keep roller that to floodgate semiaxis, the second buckle arm pushing tow is got out of the way working position.
2. spring operating mechanism according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:It is provided with raised with locking on described output shaft The integrally formed output shaft connecting lever realizing energy storage axial direction output shaft transmission with energy storage axis cam pushing tow for coordinating.
3. spring operating mechanism according to claim 2 it is characterised in that:Set between first buckle arm and the second buckle arm It is equipped with head end and be arranged on buckle body end radially towards the 3rd buckle arm overhanging away from buckle body direction, the 3rd buckle Have on the side side relative with the first buckle arm on arm for cooperation spacing with described output shaft connecting lever to limit the button that closes a floodgate Plate is rotated in the clockwise direction the connecting lever cooperation side section of the limit.
4. spring operating mechanism according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described male cooperation side is arcuate flanks.
5. the spring operating mechanism according to claim 1 ~ 4 any one it is characterised in that:Described roller cooperation side with Semiaxis cooperation side is connected, and roller cooperation side, semiaxis cooperation side may be contained within the second buckle arm away from buckle body One end.
6. breaker, including spring operating mechanism, spring operating mechanism includes floodgate semiaxis, output shaft and the inverse time be arrangeding in parallel Pin rotate when drive output shaft export feed motion energy storage axle, energy storage axle is provided with energy storage axis cam it is characterised in that:Storage Energy storage holding roller can be provided with, spring operating mechanism also includes pivot center and energy storage axle, the axis of output shaft on axis cam The combined floodgate buckle be arrangeding in parallel, combined floodgate buckle includes buckle body and head end is arranged on buckle body, end is radially towards remote The the first buckle arm overhanging from buckle body direction and the second buckle arm, output shaft is provided with locking projection, the first buckle arm On there is male cooperation side, the second buckle arm has roller cooperation side and semiaxis cooperation side, locking raised with defeated Have in shaft rotation process with the cooperation of described male cooperation side block so that roller cooperation side and energy storage keep roller gear Only cooperation, semiaxis coordinate side and floodgate semiaxis to depart from and make the second buckle arm stop the locking that energy storage axis cam rotates counterclockwise Working position and get out of the way described first buckle arm and make energy storage keep roller by the second buckle arm pushing tow getting out of the way to floodgate semiaxis Working position.
7. breaker according to claim 6 it is characterised in that:One raised with locking is provided with described output shaft become The output shaft connecting lever realizing energy storage axial direction output shaft transmission with energy storage axis cam pushing tow for coordinating of type.
8. breaker according to claim 7 it is characterised in that:It is provided with head between first buckle arm and the second buckle arm End is arranged on buckle body end radially towards the 3rd buckle arm overhanging away from buckle body direction, on the 3rd buckle arm and Have on the relative side side of first buckle arm for cooperation spacing with described output shaft connecting lever to limit combined floodgate buckle along suitable The connecting lever cooperation side section of clockwise rotational limitation.
9. breaker according to claim 6 it is characterised in that:Described male cooperation side is arcuate flanks.
10. the breaker according to claim 6 ~ 9 any one it is characterised in that:Described roller cooperation side and semiaxis Cooperation side is connected, and roller cooperation side, semiaxis cooperation side may be contained within one end away from buckle body on the second buckle arm.
CN201410819385.4A 2014-12-25 2014-12-25 Spring operating mechanism and breaker adopting same Active CN104576096B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201410819385.4A CN104576096B (en) 2014-12-25 2014-12-25 Spring operating mechanism and breaker adopting same

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CN104576096A CN104576096A (en) 2015-04-29
CN104576096B true CN104576096B (en) 2017-02-22

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105428140A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-03-23 甘肃长城电工电器工程研究院有限公司 Spring mechanism mechanical anti-jumping apparatus for circuit breaker
CN111341605B (en) * 2018-12-18 2021-12-31 天津平高智能电气有限公司 Circuit breaker and operating mechanism thereof
CN111341573B (en) * 2018-12-18 2022-03-22 天津平高智能电气有限公司 Circuit breaker and operating mechanism thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1515090A (en) * 1975-07-24 1978-06-21 Hazemeijer Bv Electrical switch
CN101067988A (en) * 2007-06-01 2007-11-07 张文炎 Spring operating mechanism
CN101325135A (en) * 2008-07-25 2008-12-17 施耐德(陕西)宝光电器有限公司 Spring operating mechanism
CN201274255Y (en) * 2008-07-11 2009-07-15 厦门华电开关有限公司 Simple and reliable switching on mechanical locking apparatus for vacuum circuit breaker
CN201294198Y (en) * 2008-08-22 2009-08-19 重庆亿科电气股份有限公司 Spring operation mechanism for vacuum circuit-breaker
CN201374260Y (en) * 2009-03-24 2009-12-30 宁波舜利高压开关科技有限公司 Spatial linkage transmission device of spring operation mechanism
CN201584350U (en) * 2009-10-15 2010-09-15 宁波舜利高压开关科技有限公司 Switching-on interlocking device of spring operating mechanism
CN103617902A (en) * 2013-12-02 2014-03-05 国网甘肃省电力公司白银供电公司 Novel transmission component of CT type spring mechanism
CN204348535U (en) * 2014-12-25 2015-05-20 天津平高智能电气有限公司 A kind of spring operating mechanism and use the circuit breaker of this spring operating mechanism

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1515090A (en) * 1975-07-24 1978-06-21 Hazemeijer Bv Electrical switch
CN101067988A (en) * 2007-06-01 2007-11-07 张文炎 Spring operating mechanism
CN201274255Y (en) * 2008-07-11 2009-07-15 厦门华电开关有限公司 Simple and reliable switching on mechanical locking apparatus for vacuum circuit breaker
CN101325135A (en) * 2008-07-25 2008-12-17 施耐德(陕西)宝光电器有限公司 Spring operating mechanism
CN201294198Y (en) * 2008-08-22 2009-08-19 重庆亿科电气股份有限公司 Spring operation mechanism for vacuum circuit-breaker
CN201374260Y (en) * 2009-03-24 2009-12-30 宁波舜利高压开关科技有限公司 Spatial linkage transmission device of spring operation mechanism
CN201584350U (en) * 2009-10-15 2010-09-15 宁波舜利高压开关科技有限公司 Switching-on interlocking device of spring operating mechanism
CN103617902A (en) * 2013-12-02 2014-03-05 国网甘肃省电力公司白银供电公司 Novel transmission component of CT type spring mechanism
CN204348535U (en) * 2014-12-25 2015-05-20 天津平高智能电气有限公司 A kind of spring operating mechanism and use the circuit breaker of this spring operating mechanism

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