CN104575230A - Experimental device for calculation and verification of transmission ratio and comprehensive structural analysis of gear train - Google Patents

Experimental device for calculation and verification of transmission ratio and comprehensive structural analysis of gear train Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104575230A
CN104575230A CN201410800384.5A CN201410800384A CN104575230A CN 104575230 A CN104575230 A CN 104575230A CN 201410800384 A CN201410800384 A CN 201410800384A CN 104575230 A CN104575230 A CN 104575230A
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gear
driven shaft
shaft
spur gear
train
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CN104575230B (en
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罗敏峰
许明凯
林少铎
余江团
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Fujian University of Technology
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Fujian University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery

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Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental device for calculation and verification of the transmission ratio and comprehensive analysis of the structure of a gear train. The experimental device comprises a fixed-shaft gear train and an epicyclic gear train, wherein the fixed-shaft gear train comprises a drive shaft A, a driven shaft B, a driven shaft C, a straight gear 1, a straight gear 2, duplex shifting slide gears (3 and 3'), a straight gear 4, a straight gear 4', a bracket a, a bracket b, a bracket c, a bracket d and a three-star reverse mechanism K; the three-star reverse mechanism K comprises a straight gear 8, a non-fixed gear 9, a non-fixed gear 10 and a movable bracket e; the non-fixed gear 9 and the non-fixed gear 10 are arranged on the movable bracket e; the movable bracket e is arranged at the output tail end of the driven shaft B; the epicyclic gear train comprises an output shaft D, a driven shaft E, a bevel gear 5, a bevel gear 6, a bevel gear 7 and a straight gear 7'. Through the adoption of the experimental device, the structure and movement display of four types of gear trains, the analysis of various functions of the gear trains, and the calculation and verification of the transmission ratios of the gear trains can be realized on the basis that one gear train experiment table is adopted.

Description

A kind of experimental provision analyzed for the checking of train gear ratio calculation and structure composition
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experiment device for teaching, specifically, the present invention designs a kind of experimental provision analyzed for the checking of train gear ratio calculation and structure composition.
Background technology
The wheel application tied up in various machinery is very widely, and therefore the correlation theory of students gear train is very important.Owing to taking turns the complicacy tied up on its structure and forms of motion, comparatively difficult when making student in understanding and grasp this partial content.Such as train itself has a lot of type, and the difference of dissimilar structure is also very large simultaneously, and the especially singularity of cyclic train and compound gear train structure, if only with regard to plane figurethe observation of shape, student is difficult to from understanding in fact its forms of motion, easily produces puzzled in train gear ratio calculation or its procedure of kinematic analysis.And through investigation, find that existing market and each Scientific Research in University Laboratory do not have the more complete experimental provision relevant for the train content of courses can for imparting knowledge to students substantially.
Close prior art: according to retrieval, comparatively close with the present invention has Huabei Polytechnical College Zhang Qing, the portion " design of comprehensive train experiment table " that Cheng Zhigang delivers.The inside is with simple operations handle and control the conversion that axle realizes different wheel train structure, helps classmates to be familiar with wheel train structure.
Wheel train structure teaching aid in the market and experiment table function comparatively single, be mostly be familiar with wheel set type be master, the experimental provision relating to train gear ratio calculation is less, lacks the experiment device for teaching that a kind of wheel train structure that can produce interaction with student is comprehensively analyzed.Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of advantage of integrating existing experiment table and in addition perfect, an experimental provision realizes the several functions that train is comprehensively analyzed, and allow classmates' autonomous learning train gear ratio calculation for train gear ratio calculation checking and structure composition analysis experimental provision.
For achieving the above object, originally inventionfollowing technical scheme is provided: a kind of experimental provision analyzed for the checking of train gear ratio calculation and structure composition, comprise orientation axes system and cyclic train wherein,
Orientation axes system comprises main drive shaft A, driven shaft B, driven shaft C, spur gear 1, spur gear 2, double crosslinking sliding gear (3,3 '), spur gear 4, spur gear 4 ', support a, support b, support c, support d and Samsung reverse mechanism K;
Described Samsung reverse mechanism K comprises spur gear 8, on-fixed gear 9, on-fixed gear 10 and travel(l)ing rest e, on-fixed gear 9 and on-fixed gear 10 are arranging on travel(l)ing rest e, and travel(l)ing rest e is arranged on the output end of driven shaft B;
Cyclic train comprises output shaft D, driven shaft E, conical gear 5, conical gear 6, conical gear 7, spur gear 7 ';
Horizontal component, the driven shaft E concentric of described main drive shaft A, driven shaft C, output shaft D sequentially distribute, the axle center of driven shaft B and main drive shaft A, driven shaft C, the horizontal component of output shaft D, the axis parallel of driven shaft E are arranged, main drive shaft A is arranged on support a by bearing, driven shaft B is arranged on support b and support d by bearing, driven shaft C is arranged on support b and support c by bearing, driven shaft E is arranged on support d, and output shaft D horizontal component is nested in by bearing in the hollow parts of driven shaft E;
One end of described main drive shaft A is provided with crank handle, index dial and input pointer, and the main drive shaft A other end is provided with spur gear 1, and driven shaft B is provided with the intermeshing spur gear 2 with spur gear 1; Driven shaft B is provided with the double crosslinking sliding gear slided on driven shaft B, and in slip, the gear 3 in double crosslinking sliding gear and gear 3 ' can engage with the spur gear 4 of driven shaft C, spur gear 4 ' respectively;
The other end of driven shaft C is provided with conical gear 5 and engages with the conical gear 6 that one end of output shaft D is provided with, and meanwhile, conical gear 6 engages with the conical gear 7 on driven shaft E; The other end of driven shaft E is provided with gear 7 ' and engages with the on-fixed gear 9 in Samsung reverse mechanism K or on-fixed gear 10, and be provided with gear 8 at the other end of driven shaft B, gear 8, as a part for Samsung reverse wheel, engages with on-fixed gear 10;
Driven shaft E is provided with index dial, and index dial is provided with a supporting plate f, and supporting plate f is provided with jack L1, and driven shaft is provided with a fixed orifice L5, and a tightening pin enters in fixed orifice L5 through jack L1; The end of driven shaft E is provided with output pointer.
Present invention also offers another kind of technical scheme, be specially: a kind of experimental provision analyzed for the checking of train gear ratio calculation and structure composition, comprise orientation axes system and cyclic train, wherein,
Orientation axes system comprises main drive shaft A, driven shaft B, driven shaft C, spur gear 1, spur gear 2, double crosslinking sliding gear (3,3 '), spur gear 4, spur gear 4 ', support a, support b, support c, support d and Samsung reverse mechanism K;
Described Samsung reverse mechanism K comprises spur gear 8, on-fixed gear 9, on-fixed gear 10 and travel(l)ing rest e, on-fixed gear 9 and on-fixed gear 10 are arranging on travel(l)ing rest e, and travel(l)ing rest e is arranged on the output end of driven shaft B;
Cyclic train comprises driven shaft F, output shaft G, driven shaft E, spur gear 12, spur gear 13, shifting slide gear 13 ', spur gear 11, spur gear 11 ', annular wheel 11 ";
Horizontal component, the driven shaft E concentric of described main drive shaft A, driven shaft C, output shaft G sequentially distribute, the axle center of driven shaft B and main drive shaft A, driven shaft C, the horizontal component of output shaft F, the axis parallel of driven shaft G are arranged, the axle center of driven shaft axle F and main drive shaft A, driven shaft C, the horizontal component of output shaft F, the axis parallel of driven shaft G; Main drive shaft A is arranged on support a by bearing, driven shaft B is arranged on support b and support d by bearing, driven shaft C is arranged on support b and support c by bearing, driven shaft E is arranged on support d, output shaft G horizontal component is nested in by bearing in the hollow parts of driven shaft E, and driven shaft F is arranged in the empty set of output shaft G by bearing;
One end of described main drive shaft A is provided with crank handle, index dial and input pointer, and the main drive shaft A other end is provided with spur gear 1, and driven shaft B is provided with the intermeshing spur gear 2 with spur gear 1; Driven shaft B is provided with the double crosslinking sliding gear slided on driven shaft B, and in slip, the gear 3 in double crosslinking sliding gear and gear 3 ' can engage with the spur gear 4 of driven shaft C, spur gear 4 ' respectively;
The other end of driven shaft C is provided with spur gear 12 and engages with the spur gear 13 that driven shaft axle F is provided with, meanwhile, the other end of driven shaft F be provided with slippage spur gear 13 ' can by slippage respectively with the spur gear 11 on driven shaft E, annular wheel 11 " engage; The other end of driven shaft E is provided with gear 11 ' and engages with the on-fixed gear 9 in Samsung reverse mechanism K or on-fixed gear 10, and be provided with gear 8 at the other end of driven shaft B, gear 8, as a part for Samsung reverse wheel, engages with on-fixed gear 10;
Driven shaft E is provided with index dial, and index dial is provided with a supporting plate f, and supporting plate f is provided with jack L1, and driven shaft is provided with a fixed orifice L5, and a tightening pin enters in fixed orifice L5 through jack L1; The end of driven shaft E is provided with output pointer.
In two kinds of above-mentioned technical schemes, wherein said Samsung reverse mechanism K also comprises a reversing lever be connected with supporting plate e, reversing lever is provided with jack L4, described supporting plate d is provided with fixed orifice L2, fixed orifice L3, and tightening pin enters in fixed orifice L2, fixed orifice L3 respectively through jack L4.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention is different by the use location of tightening pin, the different wheel train structure (fixed shaft gear train, cyclic train etc.) that can show.When tightening pin is positioned at jack 1, experimental provision is planet circular system; When tightening pin is not in jack 1, fixed orifice 2 or fixed orifice 3, experimental provision is differential gear train; When tightening pin is in fixed orifice 2 or fixed orifice 3, the second power source introduced by experimental provision, realizes the determination campaign of experimental provision.Like this, the process of experimental implementation is very easy, easy;
The present invention by transform gear 13 ' respectively with spur gear 11 and annular wheel 11 " engagement, realize the different actuation types of whole cyclic train.When gear 13 ' engages with spur gear 11, realize the actuation types of gear train positive sign mechanism; When gear 13 ' and annular wheel 11 " when engaging, realize the actuation types of gear train negative mechanisms;
By output shaft, the transmission conditions of the conversion gear in change train is displayed; By shifting slide gear, same experimental provision realizes two groups of experiments; By Samsung reverse mechanism, same experimental provision realizes two groups of experiments; Turn over the number of turns by pointer on input and output index dial, realize the displaying directly perceived of train ratio of gear;
Technology comparatively, the present invention just can complete a kind of design with the train of comprehensive function by simple manipulation handle and control tightening pin.And in all immovable situation of all parts of maintenance, structure and the motion that can realize four kinds of trains on the basis of a chaptrel system experiment table are shown, are analyzed the various function of gear train and the calculation and demonstration of train ratios.Be described as follows:
1, complete function.The structure of train, ratio of gear, function etc. are all shown on an experiment table;
2, gear ratio calculation is related to.Ratio of gear belongs to Focal point and difficult point in train knowledge point, and this experimental provision can help classmates to understand and learn to rotate the calculating of ratio, and is verified the correctness of ratio of gear by pointer;
3, structure is simple, and compact, cost is low.Experiment table by 10 spur gears, 3 conical gear, 6 axles and support are simply formed, and implementation is directly perceived;
4, easy to operate, under all parts remain unchanged amount situation, by the use location of tightening pin, the modes such as turning handle are tested.
5, to realize and student interactive.Experiment table is provided with 1 group of shifting slide gear, can realize the experiment of two groups of different pieces of informations, and realization condition is convenient, contributes to student's Self-operating, study.
Terminological interpretation:
Fixed shaft gear train: when train operates, all fixed train of all Gear axis is called fixed shaft gear train.
Cyclic train: when train operates, the train having at least the axis of a gear to rotate around the fixed axis of another gear, is called cyclic train.
Planet circular system: degree of freedom be 1 cyclic train be called planet circular system.
Differential gear train: degree of freedom be 2 cyclic train be called differential gear train.
Compound gear train: fixed shaft gear train and cyclic train are combined or the train that several cyclic train combines is called compound gear train.
Negative sign (positive sign) mechanism: in planet circular system, when planet carrier is fixed, master and slavely takes turns the contrary mechanism of transmission direction, is called negative mechanisms, otherwise is positive sign mechanism.
Ratio of gear: ratio of gear is the ratio of two revolving member angular velocity in mechanism, also claims speed ratio.The ratio of gear of component a and component b is i=ω a/ ω b=na/nb, and in formula, i is respectively the angular velocity (radian per second) of component a and b; The rotating speed (rev/min) of component a and b is respectively with i.
Shifting slide gear: shifting slide gear is transportable on axle, and the torque that it transmits passes on axle, with feather key or spline joint, gears meshing realizes speed change.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Work as combination accompanying drawingduring consideration, by referring to detailed description below, more completely can understand the present invention better and easily learn wherein many adjoint advantages, but described herein accompanying drawingbe used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, form a part of the present invention, schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention, wherein:
fig. 1for the general structure of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is illustrated figure;
fig. 2for fig. 1structural principle signal figure;
fig. 3for fig. 1the structural representation of medium-height trestle plate f figure;
fig. 4for the structure of Samsung reverse mechanism runs signal figure;
fig. 5for the structure of Samsung reverse mechanism runs signal figure;
fig. 6for the three-dimensional structure of Samsung reverse mechanism K is illustrated figure;
fig. 7for the structural representation of fixed orifice on supporting plate d figure;
fig. 8for the general structure of the embodiment of the present invention 2 is illustrated figure;
fig. 9for fig. 8structural principle signal figure;
fig. 10 is fig. 8the structural representation of medium-height trestle plate f figure.
Embodiment
For enabling above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage become apparent more, below in conjunction with accompanying drawingthe present invention is further detailed explanation with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Refer to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a kind of experimental provision analyzed for the checking of train gear ratio calculation and structure compositioncomprise orientation axes system and cyclic train wherein, orientation axes system comprise main drive shaft A, driven shaft B, driven shaft C, spur gear 1, spur gear 2, double crosslinking sliding gear 3,3 ', spur gear 4, spur gear 4 ', support a, support b, support c, support d and Samsung reverse mechanism K;
Consult fig. 4and fig. 5, Samsung reverse mechanism K comprises spur gear 8, on-fixed gear 9, on-fixed gear 10 and travel(l)ing rest e, on-fixed gear 9 and on-fixed gear 10 are arranging on travel(l)ing rest e, and travel(l)ing rest e is arranged on the output end of driven shaft B;
Cyclic train comprises output shaft D, driven shaft E, conical gear 5, conical gear 6, conical gear 7, spur gear 7 ';
fig. 1in, horizontal component, the driven shaft E concentric of main drive shaft A, driven shaft C, output shaft D sequentially distribute, the axle center of driven shaft B and main drive shaft A, driven shaft C, the horizontal component of output shaft D, the axis parallel of driven shaft E are arranged, main drive shaft A is arranged on support a by bearing, driven shaft B is arranged on support b and support d by bearing, driven shaft C is arranged on support b and support c by bearing, driven shaft E is arranged on support d, and output shaft D horizontal component is nested in by bearing in the hollow parts of driven shaft E;
One end of main drive shaft A is provided with crank handle, index dial and input pointer, and the main drive shaft A other end is provided with spur gear 1, and driven shaft B is provided with the intermeshing spur gear 2 with spur gear 1; Driven shaft B is provided with the double crosslinking sliding gear slided on driven shaft B, and in slip, the gear 3 in double crosslinking sliding gear and gear 3 ' can engage with the spur gear 4 of driven shaft C, spur gear 4 ' respectively;
The other end of driven shaft C is provided with conical gear 5 and engages with the conical gear 6 that one end of output shaft D is provided with, and meanwhile, conical gear 6 engages with the conical gear 7 on driven shaft E; The other end of driven shaft E is provided with gear 7 ' and engages with the on-fixed gear 9 in Samsung reverse mechanism K or on-fixed gear 10, and be provided with gear 8 at the other end of driven shaft B, gear 8, as a part for Samsung reverse wheel, engages with on-fixed gear 10;
Reference fig. 3, driven shaft E is provided with index dial, and index dial is provided with a supporting plate f, and supporting plate f is provided with jack L1, and driven shaft is provided with a fixed orifice L5, and a tightening pin enters in fixed orifice L5 through jack L1; The end of driven shaft E is provided with output pointer.
Reference fig. 6and fig. 7, Samsung reverse mechanism K also comprises a reversing lever be connected with travel(l)ing rest e, and reversing lever is provided with jack L4, and described supporting plate d is provided with fixed orifice L2, fixed orifice L3, and tightening pin enters in fixed orifice L2, fixed orifice L3 respectively through jack L4.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embody rule of the present embodiment is described:
One, train is familiar with
1) fixed shaft gear train design proposal
When train operates, all fixed train of all Gear axis is called fixed shaft gear train.This experiment table fixed shaft gear train part has two branch roads, makes main drive shaft drive driven shaft axle B and driven shaft axle C to move to realize transmission along separate routes by spur gear 1 and spur gear 2, engaging of double shifting slide gear 3 and spur gear 4.
Branch road 1 drive path: spur gear 1-spur gear 2-spur gear 3-spur gear 4-;
Branch road 2 drive path spur gear 1-spur gear 2-spur gear 8-Samsung reverse mechanism K-spur gear 7 '.Double crosslinking sliding gear feather key is connected with axle, can slide on axle, can obtain and can obtain two kinds of speed ratios, realizing speed change when making spur gear 3 engage with spur gear 4 ' with spur gear 4 or spur gear 3 ' respectively.
2) cyclic train design proposal
When train operates, the train having at least the axis of a gear to rotate around the fixed axis of another gear, is called cyclic train.Wherein degree of freedom be 1 cyclic train be called planet circular system, degree of freedom be 2 cyclic train be called differential gear train.? fig. 1experiment table design letter figurein cyclic train part, when with pin by conical gear 7 tightening time, now cyclic train is planet circular system, and degree of freedom is 1; When pin unclamps, be differential gear train, degree of freedom is 2.
The drive path when cyclic train is planet circular system: spur gear 1-spur gear 2-spur gear 3-spur gear 4-conical gear 5-conical gear 6-output shaft D; When cyclic train is differential gear train, because the degree of freedom of differential gear train is 2, so need two active movement inputs, at this moment two active movements input by fixed shaft gear train two branch roads input, then realize the synthesis of two motions by the engagement of conical gear 5-conical gear 6-conical gear 7 and exported by output shaft axle D.
3) compound gear train design proposal
Include fixed shaft gear train and cyclic train or the pinion unit containing one or more cyclic train in train simultaneously and be referred to as compound gear train.This experiment table is made up of a fixed shaft gear train and a cyclic train exactly.
Two, the calculating of compound gear train ratio of gear and inspection
When duplex slippage speed gear 3 engages with spur gear 4, obtain conical gear 5 rotating speed n5 and conical gear 7 rotating speed n7 equal and opposite in direction as calculated, in particular cases do following analysis this:
1) tightening pin does not do any tightening
Now conical gear 6 is in rotatable state, and when the gear on Samsung reverse mechanism does not engage with gear 7 ', cyclic train is differential gear train.Turning handle cyclic train part does not have two input quantities, thus cyclic train partial row carrier not tool determine motion.So when rotating left end handle, the pointer on discovery right-hand member output shaft just does irregular low-angle and swings.
2) tightening pin is by driven shaft axle E tightening
When conical gear 6 is by tightening, cyclic train is planet circular system, and degree of freedom is 1, only needs an input quantity cyclic train partial row carrier just to have and determines motion.Being calculated as follows of compound gear train ratio of gear:
i 57 H = n 5 - n H n 7 - n H = - z 6 z 7 z 5 z 6 = - 1
I 57 h: conical gear 5 rotating speed of changing train relative to conical gear 7.
i 15 = n 1 n 5 = z 2 z 4 z 1 z 3 = 3 2
I 57: the relative rotation speed ratio of conical gear 5 and conical gear 7.
n 7＝0
N 7: the rotating speed of conical gear 7.
n 5 n H = 2
i 1 H = n 1 n H = 3
I 1H: spur gear 1 and the ratio of gear changing train.
Above i nmrefer to the ratio of gear of axle n and axle m.
N krepresent the rotating speed of gear k.
Z krepresent the number of teeth of gear k.
Calculate to obtain now experiment table compound gear train i 1H=3.Rotate left end handle and can find that handle rotates 3 circles, on right-hand member output shaft, indicators turn 1 encloses, with this verify calculation ratio of gear whether correct.
3) reference fig. 6, fig. 7, reversing lever is fixed on by the jack L4 on reversing lever on the fixed orifice 2 of support d by tightening pin.
When conical gear 6 is in rotatable state, cyclic train is differential gear train, and degree of freedom is 2, needs two input quantities, and cyclic train partial row carrier just has determines that athleticism has the motion determined.When reversing lever is fixed on the fixed orifice 2 of support d by tightening pin, turning handle, two input motions are inputted by driven shaft C, driven shaft E respectively, and conical gear 5 turns to identical with conical gear 7.Compound gear train ratio of gear calculate now experiment table compound gear train i 1H=3/2.Rotate left end handle and can find that handle rotates 3 circles, on right-hand member planet carrier, indicators turn 2 encloses, with this verify calculation ratio of gear whether correct.
4) reference fig. 6, fig. 7, reversing lever is fixed on by the jack L4 on reversing lever on the fixed orifice 3 of support d by tightening pin.
When reversing lever is fixed on the fixed orifice 3 of support d by tightening pin, cyclic train is still differential gear train.Just now conical gear 5 turns to contrary with gear 7.Calculating ratio of gear is 0.
When rotating left end handle, can be observed right-hand member pointer motionless.
When slippage speed gear 3 ' engages with 4 ', obtain n5 and n7 size as calculated unequal, this generalized case is analyzed voluntarily by student.
Three, experiment table embodies the various functions of train
1) transmission is along separate routes realized
Described in understanding train part, fixed shaft gear train part forms by two branch roads the shunt transmission embodying train.
2) commutation transmission is realized
Samsung reverse mechanism makes wheel cording commutation function.
3) long-distance transmission of train
Long-distance transmission is realized by the engagement of multipair gear.
4) gear is realized
Gear function is realized by slippage speed gear.
5) motion synthesis
Described in understanding train part compound gear train, this experiment table realizes motion synthesis by two branch roads of fixed shaft gear train in cyclic train part, refers to compound gear train design proposal.
Embodiment 2
Refer to fig. 8, 9 and 10, a kind of experimental provision analyzed for the checking of train gear ratio calculation and structure compositioncomprise orientation axes system and cyclic train, orientation axes system comprise main drive shaft A, driven shaft B, driven shaft C, spur gear 1, spur gear 2, double crosslinking sliding gear 3,3 ', spur gear 4, spur gear 4 ', support a, support b, support c, support d and Samsung reverse mechanism K;
Consult fig. 4and fig. 5, Samsung reverse mechanism K comprises spur gear 8, on-fixed gear 9, on-fixed gear 10 and travel(l)ing rest e, on-fixed gear 9 and on-fixed gear 10 are arranging on travel(l)ing rest e, and travel(l)ing rest e is arranged on the output end of driven shaft B;
Consult fig. 8, cyclic train comprises driven shaft F, output shaft G, driven shaft E, spur gear 12, spur gear 13, shifting slide gear 13 ', spur gear 11, spur gear 11 ', annular wheel 11 ";
fig. 8in, horizontal component, the driven shaft E concentric of main drive shaft A, driven shaft C, output shaft G sequentially distribute, the axle center of driven shaft B and main drive shaft A, driven shaft C, the horizontal component of output shaft F, the axis parallel of driven shaft G are arranged, the axle center of driven shaft axle F and main drive shaft A, driven shaft C, the horizontal component of output shaft F, the axis parallel of driven shaft G; Main drive shaft A is arranged on support a by bearing, driven shaft B is arranged on support b and support d by bearing, driven shaft C is arranged on support b and support c by bearing, driven shaft E is arranged on support d, output shaft G horizontal component is nested in by bearing in the hollow parts of driven shaft E, and driven shaft F is arranged in the empty set of output shaft G by bearing;
One end of main drive shaft A is provided with crank handle, index dial and input pointer, and the main drive shaft A other end is provided with spur gear 1, and driven shaft B is provided with the intermeshing spur gear 2 with spur gear 1; Driven shaft B is provided with the double crosslinking sliding gear slided on driven shaft B, and in slip, the gear 3 in double crosslinking sliding gear and gear 3 ' can engage with the spur gear 4 of driven shaft C, spur gear 4 ' respectively;
The other end of driven shaft C is provided with spur gear 12 and engages with the spur gear 13 that driven shaft axle F is provided with, meanwhile, the other end of driven shaft F be provided with slippage spur gear 13 ' can by slippage respectively with the spur gear 11 on driven shaft E, annular wheel 11 " engage; The other end of driven shaft E is provided with gear 11 ' and engages with the on-fixed gear 9 in Samsung reverse mechanism K or on-fixed gear 10, and be provided with gear 8 at the other end of driven shaft B, gear 8, as a part for Samsung reverse wheel, engages with on-fixed gear 10;
fig. 1in 0, driven shaft E is provided with index dial, and index dial is provided with a supporting plate f, and supporting plate f is provided with jack L1, and driven shaft E is provided with a fixed orifice L5, and a tightening pin enters in fixed orifice L5 through jack L1; The end of driven shaft E is provided with output pointer.
Reference fig. 6and fig. 7, Samsung reverse mechanism K also comprises a reversing lever be connected with supporting plate e, and reversing lever is provided with jack L4, and supporting plate d is provided with fixed orifice L2, fixed orifice L3, and tightening pin enters in fixed orifice L2, fixed orifice L3 respectively through jack L4.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embody rule of the present embodiment is described:
One, train is familiar with
1) fixed shaft gear train design proposal
When train operates, all fixed train of all Gear axis is called fixed shaft gear train.This experiment table fixed shaft gear train part has two branch roads, makes main drive shaft drive driven shaft B and driven shaft C to move to realize transmission along separate routes by spur gear 1 and spur gear 2, engaging of spur gear 3 and spur gear 4.
Branch road 1 drive path: spur gear 1-spur gear 2-spur gear 3-spur gear 4-;
Branch road 2 drive path spur gear 1-spur gear 2-spur gear 8-Samsung reverse mechanism-spur gear 11 '.Double crosslinking sliding gear feather key is connected with axle, can slide on axle, can obtain and can obtain two kinds of speed ratios, realizing speed change when making spur gear 3 engage with spur gear 4 ' with spur gear 4 or spur gear 3 ' respectively.
2) cyclic train design proposal
When train operates, the train having at least the axis of a gear to rotate around the fixed axis of another gear, is called cyclic train.Wherein degree of freedom be 1 cyclic train be called planet circular system, degree of freedom be 2 cyclic train be called differential gear train.? fig. 8experiment table design letter figurein cyclic train part, when with pin by driven shaft E tightening time, now cyclic train is planet circular system, and degree of freedom is 1; When pin unclamps, be differential gear train, degree of freedom is 2.
The drive path when cyclic train is planet circular system: spur gear 1-spur gear 2-spur gear 3-spur gear 4-spur gear 12-spur gear 13-output shaft G; When cyclic train is differential gear train, because the degree of freedom of differential gear train is 2, so need two active movement inputs, at this moment two active movements input by fixed shaft gear train two branch roads input, then realize the synthesis of two motions by the engagement of spur gear 12-spur gear 10-spur gear 13 '-spur gear 11 (or annular wheel 11 ") and exported by output shaft axle G.
3) compound gear train design proposal
Include fixed shaft gear train and cyclic train or the pinion unit containing one or more cyclic train in train simultaneously and be referred to as compound gear train.This experiment table is made up of a fixed shaft gear train and a cyclic train exactly.
Two, the calculating of compound gear train ratio of gear and inspection
When duplex slippage speed gear 3 engages with spur gear 4, obtain spur gear 12 rotating speed n12 and spur gear 11 rotating speed n11 equal and opposite in direction as calculated, in particular cases do following analysis this:
1) tightening pin does not do any tightening
Now gear 13 is in rotatable state, and when the gear on Samsung reverse mechanism K does not engage with gear 11 ', cyclic train is differential gear train.Turning handle cyclic train part does not have two input quantities, thus cyclic train partial row carrier not tool determine motion.So when rotating left end handle, the pointer on discovery right-hand member output shaft just does irregular low-angle and swings.
2) tightening pin is by driven shaft E tightening
When gear 11 ' is by tightening, cyclic train is planet circular system, and degree of freedom is 1, only needs an input quantity cyclic train partial row carrier just to have and determines motion.Being calculated as follows of compound gear train ratio of gear:
i 1211 H = n 12 - n H n 11 - n H = z 13 z 11 z 12 z 13 ′ = 1
Because, n 11=0
I 1211 h: spur gear 12 rotating speed of changing train relative to spur gear 11.
Bring numerical value into obtain
i 1211 H = n 12 - n H 0 - n H = - n 12 n H + 1 = 1
n 11＝0
N 7: the rotating speed of gear 11.
i 1211 = n 12 n H = 0
n 12≠0
So, n hwithout separating
Above i nmrefer to the ratio of gear of axle n and axle m.
N krepresent the rotating speed of gear k.
Z krepresent the number of teeth of gear k.
Calculate to obtain now experiment table compound gear train n h is without solution.At this time rotate left end handle and can find no matter handle rotates a few circle, and on right-hand member output shaft, pointer cannot rotate, with this verify calculation ratio of gear whether correct.
3) reference fig. 6, fig. 7, reversing lever is fixed on by the jack L4 on reversing lever on the fixed orifice 2 of support d by tightening pin.
When spur gear 13 is in rotatable state, cyclic train is differential gear train, and degree of freedom is 2, needs two input quantities, and cyclic train partial row carrier just has determines that athleticism has the motion determined.When reversing lever is fixed on the fixed orifice 2 of support d by tightening pin, turning handle, two input motions are inputted by driven shaft C, driven shaft E respectively, and gear 12 turns to identical with gear 11 '.Compound gear train ratio of gear calculate now experiment table compound gear train i 1H.Rotate left end handle and can find that handle rotates 3 circles, on right-hand member planet carrier, indicators turn 2 encloses, with this verify calculation ratio of gear whether correct.
4) reference fig. 6, fig. 7, reversing lever is fixed on by the jack L4 on reversing lever on the fixed orifice 3 of support d by tightening pin.
Reversing lever is fixed on the fixed orifice 3 of support d by tightening pin, and cyclic train is still differential gear train.Just now gear 12 turns to contrary with gear 11.Calculate ratio of gear i1H.
When rotating left end handle, can be observed right-hand member pointer motionless.
When slippage speed gear 3 ' engages with 4 ', obtain n as calculated 12with n 11size is unequal, and this generalized case is analyzed voluntarily by student.
Three, experiment table embodies the various functions of train
1) transmission is along separate routes realized
Described in understanding train part, fixed shaft gear train part forms by two branch roads the shunt transmission embodying train.
2) commutation transmission is realized
Samsung reverse mechanism makes wheel cording commutation function.
3) long-distance transmission of train
Long-distance transmission is realized by the engagement of multipair gear.
4) gear is realized
Gear function is realized by slippage speed gear.
5) motion synthesis
Described in understanding train part compound gear train, this experiment table realizes motion synthesis by two branch roads of fixed shaft gear train in cyclic train part, refers to compound gear train design proposal.
The explanation of above example just understands core concept of the present invention for helping; Meanwhile, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1., for an experimental provision for the checking of train gear ratio calculation and structure composition analysis, it is characterized in that, comprise orientation axes system and cyclic train wherein,
Orientation axes system comprises main drive shaft (A), driven shaft (B), driven shaft (C), spur gear (1), spur gear (2), double crosslinking sliding gear (3,3 '), spur gear (4), spur gear (4 '), support (a), support (b), support (c), support (d) and Samsung reverse mechanism (K);
Described Samsung reverse mechanism (K) comprises spur gear (8), on-fixed gear (9), on-fixed gear (10) and travel(l)ing rest (e), on-fixed gear (9) and on-fixed gear (10) are arranging on travel(l)ing rest (e), and travel(l)ing rest (e) is arranged on the output end of driven shaft (B);
Cyclic train comprises output shaft (D), driven shaft (E), conical gear (5), conical gear (6), conical gear (7), spur gear (7 ');
Described main drive shaft (A), driven shaft (C), the horizontal component of output shaft (D), driven shaft (E) concentric sequentially distributes, the axle center of driven shaft (B) and main drive shaft (A), driven shaft (C), the horizontal component of output shaft (D), the axis parallel of driven shaft (E) is arranged, main drive shaft (A) is arranged on support (a) by bearing, driven shaft (B) is arranged on support (b) with on support (d) by bearing, driven shaft (C) is arranged on support (b) with on support (c) by bearing, driven shaft (E) is arranged on support (d), output shaft (D) horizontal component is nested in by bearing in the hollow parts of driven shaft (E),
One end of described main drive shaft (A) is provided with crank handle, index dial and input pointer, main drive shaft (A) other end is provided with spur gear (1), driven shaft (B) is provided with and spur gear (1) intermeshing spur gear (2); Driven shaft (B) is provided with at the upper double crosslinking sliding gear slided of driven shaft (B), in slip, gear in double crosslinking sliding gear (3 and gear (3 ') can engage with the spur gear (4) of driven shaft (C), spur gear (4 ') respectively;
The other end of driven shaft (C) is provided with conical gear (5) and engages with the conical gear (6) that one end of output shaft (D) is provided with, meanwhile, conical gear (6) engages with the conical gear (7) on driven shaft (E); The other end of driven shaft (E) is provided with gear (7 ') and engages with the on-fixed gear (9) in Samsung reverse mechanism (K) or on-fixed gear (10), gear (8) is provided with at the other end of driven shaft (B), gear (8), as a part for Samsung reverse wheel, engages with on-fixed gear (10);
Driven shaft (E) is provided with index dial, index dial is provided with a supporting plate (f), supporting plate (f) is provided with jack (L1), driven shaft is provided with a fixed orifice (L5), and a tightening pin enters in fixed orifice (L5) through jack (L1); The end of driven shaft (E) is provided with output pointer.
2., for an experimental provision for the checking of train gear ratio calculation and structure composition analysis, it is characterized in that, comprise orientation axes system and cyclic train wherein,
Orientation axes system comprises main drive shaft (A), driven shaft (B), driven shaft (C), spur gear (1), spur gear (2), double crosslinking sliding gear (3,3 '), spur gear (4), spur gear (4 '), support (a), support (b), support (c), support (d) and Samsung reverse mechanism (K);
Described Samsung reverse mechanism (K) comprises spur gear (8), on-fixed gear (9), on-fixed gear (10) and travel(l)ing rest (e), on-fixed gear (9) and on-fixed gear (10) are arranging on travel(l)ing rest (e), and travel(l)ing rest (e) is arranged on the output end of driven shaft (B);
Cyclic train comprises driven shaft (F), output shaft (G), driven shaft (E), spur gear (12), spur gear (13), shifting slide gear (13 '), spur gear (11), spur gear (11 '), annular wheel (11 ");
Horizontal component, driven shaft (E) concentric of described main drive shaft (A), driven shaft (C), output shaft (G) sequentially distribute, the axle center of driven shaft (B) and main drive shaft (A), driven shaft (C), the horizontal component of output shaft (F), the axis parallel of driven shaft (G) are arranged, the axle center of driven shaft axle (F) and main drive shaft (A), driven shaft (C), the horizontal component of output shaft (F), the axis parallel of driven shaft (G); Main drive shaft (A) is arranged on support (a) by bearing, driven shaft (B) is arranged on support (b) with on support (d) by bearing, driven shaft (C) is arranged on support (b) with on support (c) by bearing, driven shaft (E) is arranged on support (d), output shaft (G) horizontal component is nested in by bearing in the hollow parts of driven shaft (E), and driven shaft (F) is arranged on by bearing in the empty set of output shaft (G);
One end of described main drive shaft (A) is provided with crank handle, index dial and input pointer, main drive shaft (A) other end is provided with spur gear (1), driven shaft (B) is provided with and spur gear (1) intermeshing spur gear (2); Driven shaft (B) is provided with at the upper double crosslinking sliding gear slided of driven shaft (B), in slip, the gear (3) in double crosslinking sliding gear and gear (3 ') can engage with the spur gear (4) of driven shaft (C), spur gear (4 ') respectively;
The other end of driven shaft (C) is provided with spur gear (12) and engages with the spur gear (13) that driven shaft axle (F) is provided with, meanwhile, the other end of driven shaft (F) is provided with slippage spur gear (13 ') and can be engaged with the spur gear (11) on driven shaft (E), annular wheel (11 ") respectively by slippage; The other end of driven shaft (E) is provided with gear (11 ') and engages with the on-fixed gear (9) in Samsung reverse mechanism (K) or on-fixed gear (10), gear (8) is provided with at the other end of driven shaft (B), gear (8), as a part for Samsung reverse wheel, engages with on-fixed gear (10);
Driven shaft (E) is provided with index dial, index dial is provided with a supporting plate (f), (f is provided with jack (L1) to supporting plate, driven shaft is provided with a fixed orifice (L5), and a tightening pin enters in fixed orifice (L5) through jack (L1); The end of driven shaft E is provided with output pointer.
3. a kind of experimental provision analyzed for the checking of train gear ratio calculation and structure composition according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described Samsung reverse mechanism (K) also comprises a reversing lever be connected with travel(l)ing rest (e), reversing lever is provided with jack (L4), described supporting plate (d) is provided with fixed orifice (L2), fixed orifice (L3), and tightening pin enters in fixed orifice (L2), fixed orifice (L3) respectively through jack (L4).
CN201410800384.5A 2014-12-19 2014-12-19 It is a kind of to verify the experimental provision analyzed with structure composition for train gear ratio calculation Expired - Fee Related CN104575230B (en)

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