CN104574513B - The accurate characterizing method for portraying interlayer distributed in three dimensions based on geometric shape - Google Patents

The accurate characterizing method for portraying interlayer distributed in three dimensions based on geometric shape Download PDF

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CN104574513B
CN104574513B CN201410855401.5A CN201410855401A CN104574513B CN 104574513 B CN104574513 B CN 104574513B CN 201410855401 A CN201410855401 A CN 201410855401A CN 104574513 B CN104574513 B CN 104574513B
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interlayer
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CN104574513A (en
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张昌民
尹太举
罗瑜洁
叶继根
尹艳树
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Yangtze University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of accurate characterizing method for portraying interlayer distributed in three dimensions based on geometric shape, this method by establishing the knowledge base of interlayer, sandwich type is predicted according to the knowledge base for establishing interlayer, establishing in standard interlayer three-dimensional surface equation, well interlayer and identify, between well interlayer prediction and interlayer face inlay with 6 big step of sandwich mould, ultimately form the three dimensions characterization of interlayer in model.In the present invention accurate based on interlayer geometric shape portrays distribution of the interlayer in three-dimensional geological model, and the innovation realization lateral accretion interbed space curved surface modeling method of " plane configuration is combined with longitudinal direction feature ", forms basic space mathematical function model.On the one hand overcome since space attribute point data can not realize the technology restriction of curved surface modeling with conventional interpolation method less, be on the other hand two two dimensional surface problems by three dimensions PROBLEM DECOMPOSITION, simplify algorithm.

Description

The accurate characterizing method for portraying interlayer distributed in three dimensions based on geometric shape
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil-gas exploration and development technical field, and accurately interlayer is portrayed based on geometric shape in particular to a kind of The characterizing method of distributed in three dimensions.
Background technology
With the in-depth of In Oil Field Exploration And Development, the most of oil fields in China have been enter into the high water-cut development stage, at this moment only lean on Traditional reservoir description method has been unable to meet the requirement of Modern oil field exploitation, and there is an urgent need to more fine, effective oil by people Hide description technique and method.Interlayer Compacted rock, porosity, permeability are all very low, and interlayer is divided into heat-bodied oil, gas-bearing formation multiple only Vertical Fluid flow unit, is to influence fluid motion and the principal element of distribution in development process, is to influence reservoir fluid flowing Key factor.As the important content of reservoir fine characterization, the geometric shape of interlayer determines that interbed distribution provides to be accurate Foundation, the distribution to remaining oil have important influence and control action.Existing modeling technique, more methods pair using statistics Interbed distribution is characterized, it is impossible to which the accurate geometric shape for portraying interlayer, the occurrence of such as interlayer, distribution scale can not be right The interlayer formed under varying environment carries out Genetic Explanation and Accurate Prediction, have impact on the Accurate Prediction of remaining oil.
Based on this background, it is necessary to which interlayer space Distribution Characteristics can be reflected and carry out sedimentology explanation by finding out one kind A problem in reservoir description is become with the interlayer Forecasting Methodology of application and has closely been essential and asked.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are just to provide a kind of accurate interlayer three-dimensional of portraying based on geometric shape and divide The characterizing method of cloth.This method is on the basis of counting the geometric shape parameter of interlayer, sandwich type etc. and forming knowledge base, prediction Sandwich type, establishes standard interlayer three-dimensional surface equation.Identified one by one to boring chance interlayer, according to the group for boring the interlayer for meeting well point Close, characterize the pattern function of the geometric shape, preferably interlayer of interlayer；According to Function Fitting interlayer mathematical simulation parameter, folder is established Layer three-dimensional spatial distribution model, then interlayer analog result is embedded in geological model.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of accurate based on geometric shape provided by the invention portrays interlayer distributed in three dimensions Characterizing method：Comprise the following steps：
1) knowledge base of interlayer is established
According to the research of forefathers, investigation result of appearing and physical simulation experiment, united to interlayer geometric shape parameter Meter analysis, establishes the knowledge base of interlayer；
2) sandwich type is predicted according to the knowledge base for establishing interlayer；
According to the interlayer feature in knowledge base, possible interlayer geometric shape type, including tabular, trapezoidal shape, rank are provided Scalariform, curved, bent scalariform, and the symmetry of interlayer, including symmetrical, it is upper it is excellent, under excellent, the left excellent and right side it is excellent；
3) standard interlayer three-dimensional surface equation is established
The function of interlayer longitudinal direction model is established according to the mathematical function Return Law, is fitted using the similar prototype function of form Specific interlayer morphological feature, provides the mathematics prototype function of inhomogeneity interlayer；
4) interlayer identifies in well
It is small to the target in multiple wells in target area according to rock core, well-log information to the situation of each well point in Target area Interlayer in layer is identified, and determines position, the thickness of interlayer in different wells, has primarily determined that each interlayer in interlayer face Position；
5) interlayer is predicted between well
(a) according to different well points bore meet interlayer situation, different interlayers relation carry out preliminary analysis, by difference from Scattered interlayer point is brought into different interlayer faces, realizes primary transformants from point to surface；
(b) determine the three-dimensional configuration of interlayer, choose corresponding morphological parameters equation
According to the combination for boring the interlayer for meeting well point, the geometric shape of interlayer, selecting step 3 are characterized) established meet this The pattern function of interlayer；
(c) according to Function Fitting interlayer mathematical simulation parameter, interlayer three dimensions face is established
Chance situation is bored for interlayer, with reference to the interlayer morphological parameters such as trend, tendency, inclination angle, shape of step 1) statistics gained State statistical parameter, preferably goes out corresponding functional equation, by Function Fitting interlayer mathematical simulation parameter, determines finally Interlayer mathematical function model, using above-mentioned function and combines the identification situation of well point interlayer, based on sedimentary origin, fitting is based on single Interlayer three-dimensional surface when well bores and meets interlayer point, more wells bore chance interlayer point, predicts the distributed in three dimensions of interlayer；
6) interlayer face is inlayed and sandwich mould
The space surface grids that the sandwich type based on determined by modeling software by step 2) obtains interlayer with step 5) turn to Spatial point, the interlayer attributive character of mesh point is determined by thickness of interlayer knowledge base；It will be described with the interlayer space of attribute point Data are loaded into the three-dimensional geological model established in modeling software, using substitution method by the chiltern grid in original model Interlayer grid is replaced with, realizes fitting of the interlayer in layer of sand model, ultimately forms the three dimensions characterization of interlayer in model.
Further, in the step 1), geometric shape parameter is the pass of size, form, symmetry, tendency and streamline System, inclination angle, thickness, width, development length and space.
Yet further, in (a) small step of the step 3), mathematics prototype function is 5, is respectively：
A) Y=a*exp (b/X)
B) Y=M (1-ae-bX)3
C) Y=1/ (a+be-X)
D) Y=M/ (l+ae-bX)
E) Y=a+b/X
Wherein：A, b, M are coefficient, are changed with interlayer geometric shape and the difference of scale；As 0.8 in a) formula <a<9、30<b<42 and X>0；B) M in formula>0、b<1、a>0；
C) a in formula<1、b>0；D) M in formula>0、b<1、a>0；E) 1.5 in formula<a<4.5、518<b<1965、X>0 and Y>0；X It is respectively horizontal stroke, ordinate of the interlayer on vertical section with Y, unit is rice.
Yet further, in the step 5) interlayer mathematical function foundation need with step 2), 3), 4) premised on, it is excellent The mathematical function equation of the type is selected, and nonlinear function is pre-processed, realizes nonlinear equation to linear equation Conversion；By Function Fitting interlayer mathematical simulation parameter, final interlayer math equation is determined.
Yet further, fitting of the step 6) sandwich mould in sandbody model is first by the space surface grids of interlayer Spatial point is turned to, the interlayer attributive character of mesh point is determined by thickness of interlayer knowledge base；By the interlayer space with attribute point Description data are loaded into the three-dimensional geological model established in modeling software, using substitution method by the chiltern in original model Grid replaces with interlayer grid to realize fitting of the interlayer in layer of sand model.
Distribution of the interlayer in three-dimensional geological model, innovation realization are accurately portrayed based on interlayer geometric shape in the present invention Interlayer space curved surface modeling method based on geometric shape, forms basic space mathematical function model.On the one hand overcome Since space attribute point data can not realize the technology restriction of curved surface modeling with conventional interpolation method less, on the other hand by three-dimensional Space problem is decomposed into two two dimensional surface problems, simplifies algorithm.During lateral accretion interbed spatial mathematic is built, First according to specific lateral accretion interbed in plane and longitudinal distribution and Morphological Features, set up respectively lateral accretion interbed in plane and Longitudinal two-dimensional mathematics expression model, and realized by both use in conjunction and lateral accretion interbed face is retouched on three dimensions State, can meet the requirement of available data data in this way, and can accurately describe lateral accretion interbed curved surface spatially Morphological feature.For meaning of the distribution research with directiveness of later stage remaining oil.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the spatial aspect graph of the interlayer based on the simulation of bent scalariform mathematical model；
Fig. 2 is a dam body base map coordinates correction figure；
Fig. 3 is plane projection line and normal calibration maps；
Fig. 4 creates for lateral accretion interbed vertical framework；
In figure, A is 1 figure of a dam body, B is 2 figure of a dam body, C is point bar base map, D is Model Results figure；
Fig. 5 is inlaying and the interlayer three-dimensional distribution map in model for interlayer space distribution；
In figure, A is sandwich mould, B is three-dimensional geological model, C is interlayer fluid mosaic model.
Embodiment
In order to preferably explain the present invention, below in conjunction with the specific embodiment main contents that the present invention is furture elucidated, but Present disclosure is not limited solely to following embodiments.
The regional bulk oil layer in Daqing oil field Sa north is meandering channel reservoir, is mainly made of in reservoir side plot point dam, side plot point The mudstone foundation for having oblique development between side product body in dam is developed, and has very big shadow to the rate of oil and gas recovery for improving the area Ring.But current commercialization modeling software cannot provide the accurate location of the side product mudstone foundation in sand body, so that remaining The prediction of oil have impact on the exploitation in oil field with improving recovery process failure.In view of this, new methods and techniques pair must be used The spread of interlayer carries out fine prediction, and the present invention uses following thinking, to carry out the accurate characterization of interlayer.
1st, the knowledge base of interlayer is established
According to the research of forefathers, investigation result of appearing and physical simulation experiment, united to interlayer geometric shape parameter Meter analysis, establishes the knowledge base of interlayer.Wherein, interlayer geometric shape parameter include type (mud stone and calcareous), size (20~ 800 meters), form (tabular, flat ladder shape, stepped, curved scalariform, bent scalariform), symmetry (symmetry shape, Zuo Youzhuan, right excellent shape, Under excellent shape), tendency and the relation (70~110 degree) of streamline, inclination angle (5~12 degree), thickness (0.2~1.5 meter), width (50~ 300 meters), development length (50~900 meters)；
According to the regional bulk oil intraformational bed geometric shape statistical number in Daqing oil field Sa north it has been found that lateral accretion interbed vertical characteristics Density about 1~2m/ bars, thickness majority is relatively thin, and lateral distribution density is about 20~30 meters/bar, about 5~12 ° of inclination angle, development length Less than 1/2 meander wavelength, width is only equivalent to half or so of side product body width, about 50~300 meters.
2nd, sandwich type is predicted according to the knowledge base for establishing interlayer；
By taking the interlayer in certain wellblock point bar of meandering as an example, show that its interlayer is shale according to knowledge base obtained by core observation Interlayer, its spatial shape are bent scalariform form, and lower part is width compared with top, is inclined to, inclination angle 9 closely vertical with river streamline on the whole Degree, drilling point are located at the right lower quadrant of the middle and upper part of interlayer, middle and lower part and interlayer, swing and point of three its sizes of interlayer with river The migration on dam and reduce, but its form is basically identical, and border is using final abandoned channel as boundary, and top surface is using a dam crest as boundary, bottom circle At lower 1/3rd about in point bar sand body.Its form is substantially a koji scalariform.
3rd, standard interlayer three-dimensional surface equation is established
According to work area intraformational bed inferred from input data, the bent stepped feature of interlayer space geometric shape, filters out interlayer prototype letter Number has 5 kinds, is respectively：
A) Y=a*exp (b/X)
B) Y=M (1-ae-bX)3
C) Y=1/ (a+be-X)
D) Y=M/ (l+ae-bX)
E) Y=a+b/X
Wherein：A, b, M are coefficient, are changed with interlayer geometric shape and the difference of scale；As 0.8 in a) formula <a<9、30<b<42 and X>0；B) M in formula>0、b<1、a>0；
C) a in formula<1、b>0；D) M in formula>0、b<1、a>0；E) 1.5 in formula<a<4.5、518<b<1965、X>0 and Y>0；X It is respectively horizontal stroke, ordinate of the interlayer on vertical section with Y, unit is rice.
The prototype function that this simulation uses is b) formula, i.e. Y=M (1-ae-bX)3.The equation passes through logarithmic transformation U=ln [1- (Y/M) 1/3, V=-X, A=lna, transformed linear forms are U=A+bV., can be by the folder after coordinate transform according to this equation The one-dimensional form of layer, which depicts, to be come, and then is changed by coordinate, asks for the spread of its three dimensions.
Such as the spatial form that Fig. 1 is the interlayer simulated based on bent scalariform mathematical model.
4th, interlayer identifies in well
According to rock core, well-log information to the situation of each well point in Target area, to the mesh in more than 300 mouth wells in target area Interlayer in mark substratum is identified, it is determined that the position of the interlayer in different wells, thickness.Such as each well in the region in Fig. 3 Change of the point according to natural potential and natural gamma value, will have high gamma, without negative potential exception and without micronormal, microinverse The flat interlayer of amplitude difference identifies, its locus is decided.
5th, interlayer is predicted between well
(1) interlayer contrasts between well
According to the genesis mechanism of lateral accretion interbed, determine that it is tilted to river, and with 5~10 degree of inclination angle, carry out accordingly The contrast of interlayer, determines the correspondence of interlayer and has primarily determined that position of each interlayer in interlayer face.Such as W3~2 in Fig. 3 Interlayer in well is located at crown center, and the same interlayer in the well of O2~3 is located at the lower right side of interlayer, the interlayer position in the well of W3~3 Interlayer in crown center position, the point bar all only has a well to bore chance.The interlayer situation met is bored according to well difference well point, it is right Relation between different interlayers carries out preliminary analysis, and different discrete interlayer points are brought into different interlayer faces, realize by Primary transformants of the point to face.
(2) interlayer space prediction of spread between well
According to the interlayer morphological parameters of statistics gained such as trend, tendency, inclination angle and statistical parameter such as thickness of interlayer, width And development length, suitable interlayer simulation equation is chosen, establishes the interlayer three-dimensional surface based on single-point, multiple spot respectively, is predicted The distributed in three dimensions of interlayer, based on sedimentary origin, carries out conditioning to interlayer simulation equation, determines final interlayer math equation, Simulate the three dimensions spread of interlayer.Met according to above-mentioned brill between well W3-2, well O2-3 and well W3-3 according to the contrast of interlayer Drilling point is located at the right lower quadrant of the middle and upper part of interlayer, middle and lower part and interlayer, concludes that the point bar intraformational bed lower part compared with top is width, whole , inclination angle 9 degree closely vertical with river streamline is inclined on body, three interlayer its sizes subtract with the swing in river and the migration of point bar It is small.With reference to the geometric shape feature of interlayer, suitable sandwich mould equation b) formulas Y is preferably gone out from 5 koji scalariform prototype functions =M (1-ae-bX)3, it is linear to be converted into U=A+bV, then by Function Fitting interlayer mathematical simulation parameter, determine finally Interlayer math equation, utilizes the three dimensions spread of functional equation simulation interlayer.
Mainly realize that flow and effect are：
1) base map importing and coordinates correction
The plane configuration feature and tendency parameter of point dam body are mainly derived from Detailed Geologic Research Results, plane configuration parameter With normal parameter obtained by the projection form in plane, in order to meet the versatility of base map data in software realization, It is base map data to employ bitmap.The correction of coordinate system is realized before a dam body plane reference, to obtain and geodetic coordinates one The coordinate system of cause, due to the bitmap format file that the source of base map is Detailed Geologic Research Results, the geologic map source of acquisition Than wide, there can be the problem of rotation, inequality proportion scaling etc., during realization, in order to reach the good compatibility of program Property, require in design to support the calibration function for not waiting than scaling and rotating base map.It has finally chosen by investigation and method contrast The rudimentary algorithm that Quaternion method is corrected as base map, this method have very big in terms of the rotation and scaling calculating of Drawing Object Advantage, is widely adopted in field of Computer Graphics at present, and this method has the efficiency of higher than traditional matrix scaling method, In realization using well location coordinate data as referring generally to point, device coordinate is realized to the accurate transformation of logical coordinates, is point bar The Accurate Calibration of element provides accurate coordinate system (Fig. 2).
2) dam body plane projection line and normal calibration are put
On the basis of base map coordinates correction, according to the morphological feature and tendency feature that dam body is put on base map, in figure circle Using line group calibration mode under face, the accurate description to a dam body or local point bar projection form is realized, while utilize normal Standardization description point dam body tendency feature (Fig. 3), can according to a dam body different parts a plurality of normal of prominent form, accurately Lateral accretion interbed locally tendency feature is described.
3) lateral accretion interbed vertical framework sets function
Lateral accretion interbed longitudinal direction morphological feature employs Spline-Fitting method.Described in software realization for lateral accretion interbed Requirement, employ multi-template design pattern, can according to the complexity of survey region lateral accretion interbed longitudinal direction form design it is a plurality of Vertical framework, meets the description of different lateral accretion interbed and different parts longitudinal direction features, and mouse interaction side is used in design method Formula, and the edit modes such as transfer point, portable cord, overall movement and angle linkage are added, it can meet to apply needs.
4) lateral accretion interbed space curved surface models
Lateral accretion interbed space curved surface can be achieved on the basis of point dam body plane reference and longitudinal morphological template design is completed Establishment, implementation method be utilize theoretical research early period in planar design with longitudinal direction model combine modeling, utilize two two The establishment of dimensional plane model realization three-dimensional space curved surface, employs normal and vertical framework individual cultivation method in realization, Corresponding description template can be configured in the specific location of a dam body and the difference of form according to normal, can accurately described in point bar body The local shape feature (Fig. 4) of lateral accretion interbed.
6th, interlayer face is inlayed and sandwich mould
Based on existing modeling software inlaying the interlayer realized and model.Obtained by established lateral accretion interbed model It must be adapted to the spatial point attribute information (Fig. 5 A) of grid precision, comprising single interlayer face mark value, attribute will be carried in the application The lateral accretion interbed spatial description data of point are loaded into the three-dimensional geological model (Fig. 5 B) established in modeling software, utilize the side of replacement Method will replace with interlayer attribute at corresponding of interlayer in model, realizes the fitting of interlayer, ultimately forms three of interlayer in model On dimension space accurate characterization (Fig. 5 C).
Other unspecified parts are the prior art.Although above-described embodiment is made that the present invention and retouches in detail State, but it is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments, people can also according to the present embodiment without Other embodiment is obtained under the premise of creativeness, these embodiments belong to the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

  1. A kind of 1. accurate characterizing method for portraying interlayer distributed in three dimensions based on geometric shape, it is characterised in that：Including following step Suddenly：
    1) knowledge base of interlayer is established
    According to the research of forefathers, investigation result of appearing and physical simulation experiment, statistical has been carried out to interlayer geometric shape parameter Analysis, establishes the knowledge base of interlayer；
    2) sandwich type is predicted according to the knowledge base for establishing interlayer；
    According to the interlayer feature in knowledge base, provide possible interlayer geometric shape type, including tabular, trapezoidal shape, it is stepped, Curved, bent scalariform, and the symmetry of interlayer, including symmetrical, it is upper it is excellent, under excellent, the left excellent and right side it is excellent；
    3) standard interlayer three-dimensional surface equation is established
    The function of interlayer longitudinal direction model is established according to the mathematical function Return Law, it is specific to be fitted using the similar prototype function of form Interlayer morphological feature, provide the mathematics prototype function of inhomogeneity interlayer；
    4) interlayer identifies in well
    According to the situation of each well point in rock core, Logging data analysis Target area, to the target substratum in multiple wells in target area Interior interlayer is identified, and determines position, the thickness of interlayer in different wells, has primarily determined that position of each interlayer in interlayer face Put；
    5) interlayer is predicted between well
    (a) the interlayer situation met is bored according to different well points, preliminary analysis is carried out the relation different interlayers, will be different discrete Interlayer point is brought into different interlayer faces, realizes primary transformants from point to surface；
    (b) determine the three-dimensional configuration of interlayer, choose corresponding morphological parameters equation
    According to the combination for boring the interlayer for meeting well point, the geometric shape of interlayer, selecting step 3 are characterized) established meet the interlayer Pattern function；
    (c) according to Function Fitting interlayer mathematical simulation parameter, interlayer three dimensions face is established
    Chance situation is bored for interlayer, with reference to the interlayer morphological parameters of step 1) statistics gained：Trend, tendency, inclination angle, form statistics Parameter, preferably goes out corresponding functional equation, by Function Fitting interlayer mathematical simulation parameter, determines final interlayer number Mathematic(al) function model, using above-mentioned function and combines the identification situation of well point interlayer, based on sedimentary origin, fitting is bored based on individual well and met Interlayer point, more wells bore interlayer three-dimensional surface when meeting interlayer point, predict the distributed in three dimensions of interlayer；
    6) interlayer face is inlayed and sandwich mould
    The space surface grids that the sandwich type based on determined by modeling software by step 2) obtains interlayer with step 5) turn to space Point, the interlayer attributive character of mesh point is determined by thickness of interlayer knowledge base；Interlayer space with attribute point is described into data It is loaded into the three-dimensional geological model established in modeling software, is replaced the chiltern grid in original model using substitution method For interlayer grid, fitting of the interlayer in layer of sand model is realized, ultimately form the three dimensions characterization of interlayer in model.
  2. 2. the accurate characterizing method for portraying interlayer distributed in three dimensions based on geometric shape, its feature exist according to claim 1 In：In the step 1), geometric shape parameter is size, form, symmetry, the relation of tendency and streamline, inclination angle, thickness, width Degree, development length and space.
  3. 3. the accurate characterizing method for portraying interlayer distributed in three dimensions according to claim 1 or claim 2 based on geometric shape, its feature It is：In the step 3), mathematics prototype function is 5, is respectively：
    A) Y=a*exp (b/X)
    B) Y=M (1-ae-bX)3
    C) Y=1/ (a+be-X)
    D) Y=M/ (l+ae-bX)
    E) Y=a+b/X
    Wherein：A, b, M are coefficient, are changed with interlayer geometric shape and the difference of scale；As 0.8 in a) formula<a< 9、30<b<42 and X>0；B) M in formula>0、b<1、a>0；
    C) a in formula<1、b>0；D) M in formula>0、b<1、a>0；E) 1.5 in formula<a<4.5、518<b<1965、X>0 and Y>0；X and Y Respectively horizontal stroke, ordinate of the interlayer on vertical section, unit is rice.
  4. 4. the accurate characterizing method for portraying interlayer distributed in three dimensions based on geometric shape, its feature exist according to claim 1 In：The foundation of interlayer mathematical function is needed with step 2), 3) in the step 5), and 4) premised on, select the mathematics letter of the type Number equation, and nonlinear function is pre-processed, realize conversion of the nonlinear equation to linear equation；Pass through Function Fitting Interlayer mathematical simulation parameter, determines final interlayer math equation.
  5. 5. the accurate characterizing method for portraying interlayer distributed in three dimensions based on geometric shape, its feature exist according to claim 1 In：Fitting of the step 6) sandwich mould in layer of sand model is that the space surface grids of interlayer first are turned to spatial point, is passed through Thickness of interlayer knowledge base determines the interlayer attributive character of mesh point；Interlayer space with attribute point is described data it is loaded into build In the three-dimensional geological model established in mould software, the chiltern grid in original model is replaced with into interlayer net using substitution method Lattice realize fitting of the interlayer in layer of sand model.
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