CN104570157B

CN104570157B - A kind of collecting method of oceanic heat flow long-term observation

Info

Publication number: CN104570157B
Application number: CN201510009772.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙兆华; 杨小秋; 曾信; 施小斌
Original assignee: South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of CAS
Current assignee: South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of CAS
Priority date: 2015-01-07
Filing date: 2015-01-07
Publication date: 2015-10-28
Anticipated expiration: 2035-01-07
Also published as: CN104570157A

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of collecting method of oceanic heat flow long-term observation, comprise several step such as self-floating release recovery that the determination of erect-position, input, adjustment and oceanic heat flow long-term observation base station are thrown in oceanic heat flow long-term observation base station.The collecting method of oceanic heat flow long-term observation provided by the invention improves the input of oceanic heat flow long-term observation base station, the reliability reclaimed and success ratio to the full extent, significantly reduce the risk of oceanic heat flow long-term observation, decrease equipment loss, improve observation success ratio, reduce observation risk.The long-term bottom-water temperature observation data obtained can eliminate the impact that end coolant-temperature gage fluctuation is measured oceanic heat flow.

Description

Data acquisition method for long-term observation of seabed heat flow

Technical Field

The invention relates to a submarine detection method, in particular to a data acquisition method for submarine heat flow long-term observation.

Background

The earth heat flow is a direct display of the thermal process in the earth on the seabed, and is not only a key parameter for understanding the heat dissipation rate of the earth, but also basic data for developing earth dynamics research and reconstructing sedimentary basin evolution and evaluating the resource potential of oil gas and hydrate. Therefore, research and development of equipment for carrying out seabed heat flow measurement has national strategic significance.

The subsea heat flow may be measured by borehole temperature measurement and a subsea heat flow probe. Because the distribution areas of oil drilling holes and ocean drilling holes are limited, the seabed heat flow probe is convenient to ship, the operation is relatively flexible, the cost is lower, and the precise measurement can be carried out according to actual scientific problems and interested sea areas, the seabed heat flow probe is an important means for acquiring ocean heat flow data. In the 50 s of the 20 th century, researchers successfully conducted heat flow detection in the north atlantic ocean by using designed geothermal probes, and opened up the era of submarine heat flow investigation. With the perfection of the thermal measurement theory and the progress of the technical method thereof, as well as the progress and the popularization and application of the computer technology, the large-scale integrated circuit technology and the storage technology, through the development of more than half a century, the submarine heat flow probe detection technology is rapidly developed and becomes an important means for acquiring ocean heat flow data.

In the existing submarine heat flow detection research area, sea areas with water depth within 1200 m including the karelin sea area are not few, and the area is also a very important construction area generally. The physical and chemical processes of these structural belts (pregnancy and seismograph belts) depend on their internal temperature distribution. It is therefore very important to obtain thermal structural information of these construction tapes. The heat flow of the sea bottom is a very important constraint for obtaining the structure of the belt thermal structure. It is therefore necessary to perform deep detection of the heat flow on the seabed in such areas. However, in these sea areas, the bottom water temperature often fluctuates periodically, so that the temperature of the sediment on the surface of the sea bottom is also affected periodically, so that the ground temperature gradient measured at different times at the same station position changes significantly, and the thermal state of the station position cannot be reflected really, and therefore, it is difficult to obtain reliable sea bottom heat flow in the sea area with large fluctuation of the bottom water temperature by using conventional sea bottom heat flow probes (Ewing type and Lister type probes).

In view of the limitation of the conventional submarine heat flow probe in the measurement of the sea area with large fluctuation of the bottom water temperature, a method for realizing long-term observation and data acquisition of submarine heat flow is needed to be developed, so that the influence of bottom water temperature change is effectively eliminated, reliable submarine heat flow data is acquired, and good complementation is formed with the data acquisition method using the conventional heat flow probe.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a data acquisition method for long-term observation of seafloor heat flow, so as to realize long-term seafloor heat flow data acquisition in a seafloor heat flow detection process, and the acquired seafloor long-term temperature observation data can eliminate the influence of bottom water temperature fluctuation on the surface temperature of sediment.

The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a data acquisition method for long-term observation of seabed heat flow comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: in a sea area to be observed, a gravity sampler is used for collecting samples to analyze the bottom materials, and the throwing station position of the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is determined; meanwhile, a surface probe is arranged outside the gravity sampler tube to obtain in-situ thermophysical parameters of the sediment on the surface of the sea bottom, and the thermal conductivity of the collected sediment sample is measured to calculate the heat flow;

the second step is that: connecting a seabed heat flow long-term observation base station with a large-tonnage first acoustic releaser 51 and a large-tonnage second acoustic releaser 52 by using buoyancy cables respectively; the first acoustic release 51 and the second acoustic release 52 are each in turn connected to the end of a geological winch cable 7; then, the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station, a first acoustic releaser 51 and a second acoustic releaser 52 are released into seawater through a geological winch at the release station determined in the first step, the bottom release condition of the equipment is monitored in real time through the first acoustic releaser 51 and the second acoustic releaser 52 in the release process, the equipment stays for 5-10 minutes when the equipment leaves 18-22 m away from the bottom, the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is waited to be vertical, meanwhile, the measured temperature data is used for correcting the relative temperature difference among temperature measurement channels, and then a release command is sent to the first acoustic releaser 51 through a deck control unit, so that the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station freely falls and vertically inserts seabed sediments;

the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station comprises a recovery unit 1, a abandoning unit 2 and a cable chopping mechanism 3; the recovery unit 1 is provided with a recovery support, a third acoustic releaser 13 with 2 small tonnages is contained in the recovery support, the bottom of the third acoustic releaser 13 is provided with a closable hook 131, and the recovery support is also provided with at least 6 floating balls 14; the abandoning unit 2 is provided with a abandoning bracket, a heat flow probe 24 is fixedly connected below the abandoning bracket, and a balancing weight 28 is arranged in the abandoning bracket; the recovery unit 1 and the abandoning unit 2 are fixed together by a steel wire rope 4 of which two ends are connected with a closable hook 131 at the bottom of the third acoustic releaser 13; the cable chopping mechanism 3 is fixed at the bottom of the recovery support of the recovery unit 1 and is connected with the steel wire rope 4 through a movable hook, the cable 0 starts from the discarding unit 2 and enters the cable chopping mechanism 3, and then penetrates out of the cable chopping mechanism 3 and is connected with the floating ball 14 of the recovery unit 1; the cable 0 is cut by starting the cable cutting mechanism 3 through the change of the steel wire rope 4 from tension to relaxation;

the third step: after the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is inserted into a seabed sediment 9 to the bottom, the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station sends the parameters of the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station after the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station reaches the bottom back to the deck control unit 8 through the third acoustic releaser 13 arranged on the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station, the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is adjusted according to the sent parameters until the inclination angle of the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station after the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station reaches the bottom is determined to be less than 10 degrees and the front end temperature probe obviously induces the friction heat and the earth temperature effect, then a release command is sent to the second acoustic releaser 52, the seabed heat flow;

the fourth step: after the long-term observation base station of the submarine heat flow stays at the seabed for observation (lasting for about three months), a release command is sent to a third acoustic releaser 13 arranged on the long-term observation base station of the submarine heat flow through a deck control unit 8 near the throwing station in the first step, so that the third acoustic releaser 13 opens a closable hook 131 at the bottom of the third acoustic releaser, a steel wire rope 4 connected with the third acoustic releaser falls off and changes from a tensioned state to a relaxed state, a cable chopping mechanism 3 is started to chop a cable 0, all connected recovery units 1 and abandoning units 2 are disconnected, the recovery units 1 float to the sea surface and are completely separated through a floating ball 14 and a balancing weight 28, and the separated recovery units 1 float to the sea surface and are recovered, so that the data acquisition of the.

In the method for acquiring the long-term observation data of the seabed heat flow, a first acoustic releaser 51 and a second acoustic releaser 52 are respectively connected with a long-term observation base station of the seabed heat flow through a first buoyancy cable 61 and a second buoyancy cable 62, wherein the length ratio of the first buoyancy cable 61 to the second buoyancy cable 62 is 1: 20-30, preferably 1: 25.

In the method for acquiring the long-term observation data of the seabed heat flow, the recovery support comprises a longitudinal center frame 11 and a horizontal frame 12 which is arranged in two layers around the center frame 11 in the horizontal direction; the center frame 11 is composed of a longitudinal square prism frame 111 and a vertical upright plate 112 extending upwards from the height of the square prism frame inside 1/2; the vertical plate 112 is fixedly connected with the square prism frame 111; 2 third acoustic releasers 13 are contained in the square prism frame 111 and respectively hung on two sides of the vertical plate 112, a closable hook 131 is arranged at the bottom of each third acoustic releaser 13, and the opening and closing of the third acoustic releasers are driven by a stepping motor in the third acoustic releasers 13; at least 6 floating balls 14 are arranged around the central frame 11 and supported by the two layers of horizontal frames 12;

the discard rack includes a support frame 21 having a square top surface, a connection frame 22 on the top surface of the support frame 21, a heat flux probe fixture 23 under the top surface of the support frame 21, and a heat flux probe 24 fixed under the support frame 21 by the heat flux probe fixture 23; the connecting frame 22 is fixedly connected with the supporting frame 21, and the supporting frame 21 is fixedly connected with the heat flow probe fixing device 23; 2 steel wire rope tensioning parts 25 which are symmetrically distributed in parallel are arranged in the connecting frame 22;

the top surface of the connection frame 22 of the rejection unit 2 is in congruent contact with the bottom surface of the quadrangular prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1; the steel wire rope 4 penetrates through the two steel wire rope tensioning parts 25 in the connecting frame 22, two ends of the steel wire rope respectively cross over the outer edge of a contact structure of the connecting frame 22 and the square prism frame 111 in an upward mode, and the steel wire rope is finally hooked with a closable hook 131 at the bottom of the third acoustic releaser 13 in an annular mode; the abandoning bracket is internally provided with a balancing weight 28; the cable cutting mechanism 3 is located in a space formed by the contact between the connection frame 22 of the discarding unit 2 and the rectangular prism frame 111 of the recycling unit 1.

The cable cutting mechanism 3 is preferably configured in any one of the following two specific configurations:

structure a, comprising:

the cable pressing plate 32A is characterized in that a first groove 321A used for being matched with the blade 312A and a second groove 322A used for being embedded in a cable are formed in the lower surface of the cable pressing plate 32A, the first groove 321A and the second groove 322A are perpendicular to each other and form a cross-shaped structure, and the depth of the first groove 321A is larger than that of the second groove 322A; the second groove 322A penetrates through two ends of the cable pressing plate 32A where the second groove is located;

the top of the blade box 31A extends into the first groove 321A to be fixedly connected with the cable pressing plate 32A, a longitudinally extending through hole 311A is formed in one side surface of the blade box 31A, which is parallel to the first groove 321A in the running direction, a blade 312A is arranged in the blade box 31A, the cutting edge of the blade 312A faces upwards to the first groove 321A, a raised return device 3121A is arranged on one side surface of the blade, the return device 3121A protrudes out of the blade box 31A through the through hole 311A and can slide up and down in the through hole 311A, and recessed clamping grooves are formed in the lower parts of two side surfaces of the blade 312A; the blade box 31A is provided with a bracket 314A and a compression spring 313A, the bracket 314A and the compression spring 313A are provided with an upper opening, one end of the compression spring 313A passes through the opening to be fixedly connected with the bracket 314A, the other end of the compression spring 313A is fixedly connected with the blade 312A, and the compression spring 313A is fully released to enable the blade 312A to reach the first groove 321A to cut the cable; an ejection control unit is arranged below and at the periphery of the bracket 314A;

the ejection control unit comprises a pair of rotating rods 315A, a pair of supporting plates 316A and a torsion spring 317A, the pair of rotating rods surround the bracket and a compression spring 313A inside the bracket, each rotating rod 315A is composed of a clamping block 3151A with the top capable of being embedded into the recessed clamping groove and an inverted L-shaped labor-saving lever fixedly connected with the clamping block 3151A, and the inverted L-shaped labor-saving lever is fixed on the inner side surface of the blade box 31A at a folding point through a fixed rod and rotates integrally with the fixed rod as a shaft; the pair of support plates 316A are respectively fixed on two tail end torsion arms of the torsion spring 317A, and the respective far ends of the support plates are in rotating connection with the bottom of the inverted L-shaped labor-saving lever;

a hook 33A, wherein the hook 33A is connected with the middle part of the torsion spring 317A through a steel wire rope.

Or,

structure B, comprising:

the cable pressing plate 32B is provided with a first groove 321B used for being matched with the blade 312B and a second groove 322B used for being embedded with a cable, the first groove 321B and the second groove 322B are perpendicular to each other and form a cross-shaped structure, and the depth of the first groove 321B is larger than that of the second groove 322B;

the length direction of the top of the blade box 31B is parallel to the first groove 321B and is fixedly connected with the cable pressing plate 32B, a through hole 311B extending longitudinally is formed in one side surface of the blade box 31B, which is parallel to the first groove 321B, a blade 312B is arranged in the blade box 31B, the cutting edge of the blade 312B faces upwards to the first groove 321B, a raised return device 3121B is arranged on one side surface of the blade 312B, the return device 3121B protrudes to the outside of the blade box 31B through the through hole 311B and can slide up and down in the through hole 311B, and a blade clamping groove 3122B is formed in the middle of the other side surface of the blade 312B; the lower edge of the blade 312B is fixedly connected with one end of a compression spring 313B, the other end of the compression spring 313B is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the blade box 31B, and the compression spring 313B is completely released to enable the blade 312B to reach the first groove 321B to cut the cable;

the cable cutting mechanism fixing block 35B is fixed to the lower portion of the side of the blade box 31B, where the through hole 311B is formed;

the ejection control box 34B is communicated with the blade box 31B and is positioned on one side far away from the cable cutting mechanism fixing block 35B; a trigger piece 341B and a blade latch 342B are fixed on the upper part of the ejection control box 34B; the trigger piece 341B is a curved plate in an L shape as a whole, is fixed on the inner side surface of the ejection control box 34B at a position near the inflection point through a trigger piece rotating shaft 3412B and integrally rotates with the trigger piece rotating shaft 3412B as a shaft, the distal shaft end thereof is horizontally placed, and the proximal shaft end faces downward; the blade latch 342B is a bent plate which is integrally reverse-Z-shaped, is fixed on the inner side surface of the ejection control box 34B at a certain inflection point through a blade latch rotating shaft 3422B, can integrally rotate by taking the blade latch rotating shaft 3422B as a shaft, and can be buckled and lapped with the end of the trigger piece 341B close to the shaft at the far end and embedded into the blade latching groove 3122B of the blade 312B at the close end; the distal axial ends of trigger piece 341B and blade latch 342B are connected to the top plate of launch control box 34B by trigger piece securing spring 3411B and blade latch securing spring 3421B, respectively;

the hook 33B is arranged on the lower side of the ejection control box 34B, the upper portion of the hook 33B penetrates through the bottom surface of the ejection control box 34B and is located in the ejection control box 34B, a hook extension spring 331B is sleeved on the hook 33B, the upper end of the hook extension spring 331B is fixedly connected with the top of the hook 33B, the lower end of the hook extension spring 331B is fixedly connected with the inner bottom surface of the ejection control box 34B, and the top end of the hook 33B is provided with a striking column 332B which is opposite to the far shaft end of the trigger piece 341B.

In the method for acquiring the long-term observation data of the submarine heat flow, the preferable components such as the blade, the compression spring, the torsion spring and the like in the submarine heat flow long-term observation base station are all made of titanium alloy materials.

In the method for acquiring the long-term observation data of the seabed heat flow, the preferable heat flow probe fixing device 23 is a cylinder with the length equal to the height of the supporting frame 21, and the lower end of the heat flow probe fixing device is fixedly connected with the seabed heat flow probe 24; the fixing device is internally provided with a cable joint pressing pipe 26, the starting end of the cable joint pressing pipe starts from the seabed heat flow probe 24, the pipe body axially penetrates through the heat flow probe fixing device 23 and enters a space formed after the connecting frame 22 is contacted with the square prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1 through a circular hole in the top surface of the supporting frame 21, and the terminal end of the cable joint pressing pipe is positioned beside the cable chopping mechanism 3.

In the method for acquiring the long-term observation data of the submarine heat flow, which is disclosed by the invention, in a preferable submarine heat flow long-term observation base station, a plug-type bolt 27 with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged at the terminal of the cable joint pressure pipe 26, and a cable enters the cable joint pressure pipe 26 through the plug-type bolt 27 and is finally connected with the submarine heat flow probe 24.

In the method for acquiring the long-term observation data of the submarine heat flow, the preferable submarine heat flow long-term observation base station is provided with positioning holes 221 at four corners of the top surface of a connecting frame 22 of the abandoning unit 2; the four corners of the bottom surface of the square prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1 are provided with positioning protrusions 1111; the positioning hole 221 is matched and contacted with the positioning protrusion 1111.

In the method for acquiring the long-term observation data of the submarine heat flow, the preferable submarine heat flow long-term observation base station is that the submarine heat flow probe 24 comprises a long probe rod 2401 and a probe cabin body 2402; the long probe rod 2401 is of a hollow structure, one end of the long probe rod 2401 is connected with the probe cabin body 2402 through threads, and the other end of the long probe rod is sealed by a detachable conical probe head 2403; a temperature measuring circuit board 2404 is arranged in the probe cabin body 2402, and a cable connector outlet 2405 and a heat conducting oil filling port 2406 are arranged outside the temperature measuring circuit board; at least four temperature sensors 2407 are arranged in the seabed heat flow probe, temperature probes 2408 at one ends of the at least four temperature sensors 2407 are distributed in the inner space of the probe long rod 2401 at equal intervals along the axial direction of the probe long rod 2401, and the other ends of the temperature probes are fixed in the probe cabin body 2402 and connected with a temperature measuring circuit board 2404 through leads; in the long probe rod 2401, at least one thermal convection shielding sheet 2409 distributed along the radial direction of the long probe rod 2401 is arranged between every two temperature probes 2408, and signals output by the temperature measuring circuit board 2404 are connected with an external main control system through a cable connector outlet 2405; the heat conducting oil filling port 2406 is communicated to the inside of the long probe rod 2401 through an oil filling guide tube 2410.

The seabed heat flow probe 24 further comprises a fixing rod 2411, the fixing rod 2411 comprises a rod body and a hollow bolt, the rod body is positioned inside the probe long rod 2401, the hollow bolt is in threaded connection with the joint of the probe cabin body 2402 and the probe long rod 2401, one end of the rod body is in threaded connection with the probe head 2403, the other end of the rod body is fixed inside the hollow bolt, through holes with the number equal to that of the temperature sensors 2407 are formed in the head part of the hollow bolt around the rod body, the other end of the temperature sensors 2407 penetrates through the corresponding through holes to extend into the probe cabin body 2402, and the heat convection shielding sheet 2409 and the temperature probes 2408 are fixed on the rod body. The ratio of the outer diameter of the rod body to the inner diameter of the long probe rod 2401 is less than 1:2, and the temperature probe 2408 is fixed on the rod body by using a binding tape; the heat convection shielding sheet 2409 is fixed on the rod body by using screws, and the ratio of the length to the outer diameter of the long probe rod 2401 is 30-40: 1; the length of the long probe rod 2401 is 150cm, the outer diameter is 4-5 cm, the inner diameter is 2-3 cm, 5-6 temperature probes 2408 are distributed in the long probe rod 2401 at equal intervals along the axial direction, the interval between every two adjacent temperature probes 2408 is 20-30 cm, and meanwhile, a thermal convection shielding sheet 2409 is arranged in the long probe rod 2401 at intervals of 10cm along the axial direction.

And watertight treatment is carried out on each threaded connection part, the cable joint outlet, the heat conduction oil filling opening and various interfaces between the inside of the long probe rod and the inside of the probe cabin body, for example, watertight treatment can be carried out by using a rubber sealing ring, strong glue and the like.

In the method for acquiring the long-term observation data of the submarine heat flow, in the second step, various sensors including a bottom water temperature sensor, a deep sea pressure sensor and/or an attitude sensor are preferably arranged on a recovery support of a recovery unit 1 of the submarine heat flow long-term observation base station; the floating balls 14 of the recovery unit 1 are sealed glass balls, one of the floating balls is a data acquisition bin, a data acquisition system of the system is arranged in the floating ball, and the other floating ball is a battery bin; eight watertight cable connectors are reserved in the data acquisition bin body and used for connecting an external sensor into the data acquisition bin. Four interfaces are reserved in the battery bin for external use.

In the method for acquiring the long-term observation data of the submarine heat flow, all functional modules of the small-tonnage acoustic releaser, such as the electron, software, power supply and the like, are completely independent of a submarine heat flow long-term observation base station and are only controlled by a deck control unit; a recycling flag and a radio beacon can be further installed above the recycling bracket of the recycling unit. When the recovery unit floats on the sea surface, the beacon on the recovery support is exposed out of the sea surface to start working, a signal is sent out, and scientific experimenters can salvage the recovery unit by receiving the signal. And the red recovery flag on the recovery unit is used as a mark, so that the recovery flag can be conveniently found when the recovery unit floats on the sea surface.

In the method for acquiring the long-term observation data of the submarine heat flow, under the normal condition, the recovery unit 1 and the abandoning unit 2 are separated, the cable chopping mechanism 3 is started firstly, and if the chopping is successful, the recovery unit 1 floats upwards normally; if the chopping is unsuccessful or partially chopped, the preferred scheme of the invention is that the plug-type bolt 27 is arranged at the tail section of the cable joint pressure pipe 26, the stress position of the cable in the cable joint pressure pipe 26 is concentrated on the plug-type bolt 27, the recovery unit 1 is separated from the abandoning unit 2 in the floating process of the recovery unit 1, then the cable joint pressure pipe 26 floats upwards along with the recovery unit, the compaction force disappears, and at the moment, the cable can be pulled out by using the floating ball buoyancy and the counterweight weight, so that the recovery unit is ensured to float upwards normally.

In the prior art, long-term data acquisition is a technical problem to be faced and solved by any deep-sea long-term monitoring system, and due to the fact that factors such as seabed conditions and sea conditions are complex, long-term observation and data acquisition have high risks. The method for acquiring the long-term observation data of the submarine heat flow provided by the invention obviously improves the success rate of observation and reduces the observation risk. In the method, in the first step, substrate investigation is carried out before operation, and a proper station is selected; in the second step of putting, 2 large-tonnage acoustic releasers are used for protective putting based on a release mode of parallel connection of the double releasers; meanwhile, the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station capable of realizing self separation of the recovery unit and the abandoning unit is used, and smooth recovery after data acquisition is ensured. The steps and the method are used simultaneously, so that the reliability and the success rate of putting and recovering the submarine heat flow long-term observation base station are improved to the maximum extent, the risk of submarine heat flow long-term observation is obviously reduced, and equipment loss caused by improper data acquisition methods in the prior art is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the launching process of a seabed heat flow long-term observation base station in the second step of the method.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the adjustment completion state of the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station in the third step of the method.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a releasing and recovering process of a seabed heat flow long-term observation base station in the fourth step of the method.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station used in the method of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a recovery unit framework of a seabed heat flow long-term observation base station used in the method.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a discarding unit of a seabed heat flow long-term observation base station used in the method of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of the recovery unit, the rejection unit and the cable cutting mechanism of the subsea thermal flow long-term observation base station used in the method of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a bottom view of the portion a of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a top view of the portion B in fig. 7.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cable chopping mechanism of a subsea heat flux long term observation base station used in the method of embodiment 1.

FIG. 11 is another schematic side view of the cable chopping mechanism of the subsea heat flux long term observation base station used in the method of example 1.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cable chopping mechanism of a subsea heat flux long term observation base station used in the method of embodiment 2.

FIG. 13 is another schematic side view of a cable chopping mechanism of a subsea thermal flow long term observation base station used in the method of example 2.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a heat flow probe of a seabed heat flow long-term observation base station used in the method of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a heat flux probe long rod of a seabed heat flux long-term observation base station used in the method of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a heat flux probe securing lever structure of a subsea heat flux long term observation base station for use in the method of the invention.

FIG. 17 is an assembly view of a fixing rod and a probe.

The designations in the figures illustrate the following:

1. a recovery unit; 11. a center frame; 111. a square prism frame; 1111. a positioning protrusion; 112. a vertical plate is vertical; 12. a horizontal frame; 13. an acoustic releaser; 131. the hook can be closed; 14. a floating ball; 2. a discarding unit; 21. a support frame; 22. a connecting frame; 221. positioning holes; 23. a heat flux probe fixture; 24. a heat flow probe; 2401. a long probe rod; 2402. a probe cabin body; 2403. a probe head; 2404. a temperature measuring circuit board; 2405. a cable connector outlet; 2406. a conduction oil filling port; 2407. a temperature sensor; 2408. a temperature probe; 2409. a thermal convection shielding sheet; 2410. an oil filling conduit; 2411. fixing the rod; 25. a wire rope tensioning member; 26. pressing a cable joint pipe; 27. a plug-type bolt; 28. a balancing weight; 3. a cable chopping mechanism; 31A, a blade cartridge; 311A, a through hole; 312A, a blade; 3121A, a return device; 313A, a compression spring; 314A, a bracket; 315A, rotating rod; 3151A, a fixture block; 316A, a support plate; 317A, a torsion spring; 32A, a cable pressing plate; 321A and a groove; 322A, a groove; 33A, a hook; 31B, a blade cartridge; 311B, a through hole; 312B, a blade; 3121B, a return device; 3122B, a blade slot; 313B, a compression spring; 32B, a cable pressing plate; 321B, a groove; 322B, a groove; 33B, a hook; 331B, a hook extension spring; 332B, an impact post; 34B, ejecting the control box; 341B, trigger piece; 3411B, a trigger piece fixing spring; 3412B, a trigger piece rotating shaft; 342B, locking the blade; 3421B, blade latch fixing spring; 3422B, blade locking rotation shaft; 35B, fixing blocks of the cable cutting mechanisms; 4. a wire rope; 51. an acoustic releaser; 52. an acoustic releaser; 61. a buoyant cable; 62. a buoyant cable; 7. a geological winch steel cable; 8. a deck control unit; 9. a subsea deposit; 0. an electrical cable.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.

The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the patent.

Example 1

the first step is as follows: in a sea area to be observed, a gravity sampler is used for collecting samples to analyze the bottom materials, and the throwing station position of the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is determined; meanwhile, a small probe is arranged outside the gravity sampler to obtain in-situ thermophysical parameters of the sediment on the surface layer of the sea bottom, and the thermal conductivity of the collected sediment sample is measured to calculate the heat flow;

the second step is that: as shown in fig. 1, buoyancy cables 61 and 62 for a seabed heat flow long-term observation base station are respectively connected with large-tonnage acoustic releasers 51 and 52, and the length ratio of the two buoyancy cables 61 and 62 is 2m:50 m; the large-tonnage acoustic releasers 51 and 52 are connected to the tail end of the geological winch steel cable 7; then, a seabed heat flow long-term observation base station and large-tonnage acoustic releasers 51 and 52 are released into seawater through a geological winch at the release station determined in the first step, the device leaving situation is monitored in real time through the large-tonnage acoustic releasers 51 and 52 in the release process, the device stays for 5-10 minutes when the device leaves 18-22 m away from the bottom, the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is waited to be vertical, meanwhile, the measured temperature data is used for correcting the relative temperature difference among temperature measurement channels, and then a release command is sent to the large-tonnage acoustic releaser 51 through a deck control unit, so that the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station freely falls and can be inserted into seabed sediments as far as possible;

as shown in fig. 4-9, the subsea heat flow long-term observation base station is mainly composed of a recovery unit 1, a discarding unit 2 and a cable cutting mechanism 3; the recovery unit 1 is provided with a recovery support, 2 small-tonnage acoustic releasers 13 are contained in the recovery support, the bottoms of the acoustic releasers 13 are provided with closable hooks 131, and the recovery support is also provided with at least 6 floating balls 14; the abandoning unit 2 is provided with a abandoning bracket, a heat flow probe 24 is fixedly connected below the abandoning bracket, and a balancing weight 28 is arranged in the abandoning bracket; the recovery unit 1 and the abandoning unit 2 are fixed together by a steel wire rope 4 of which two ends are connected with a closable hook 131 at the bottom of the acoustic releaser 13; the cable chopping mechanism 3 is fixed at the bottom of the recovery bracket of the recovery unit 1, and the cable 0 starts from the abandoning unit 2, enters the cable chopping mechanism 3, penetrates out of the cable chopping mechanism 3 and is connected with the floating ball 14 of the recovery unit 1; the cable 0 is chopped by the cable chopping mechanism 3 activated by the change of the wire rope 4 from tension to slack.

The recovery bracket comprises a longitudinal center frame 11 and a horizontal frame 12 which is arranged around the center frame 11 in two layers in the horizontal direction; the center frame 11 is composed of a longitudinal square prism frame 111 and a vertical upright plate 112 extending upwards from the height of the square prism frame inside 1/2; the vertical plate 112 is fixedly connected with the square prism frame 111; 2 third acoustic releasers 13 are contained in the square prism frame 111 and respectively hung on two sides of the vertical plate 112, a closable hook 131 is arranged at the bottom of each third acoustic releaser 13, and the opening and closing of the third acoustic releasers are driven by a stepping motor in the third acoustic releasers 13; at least 6 floating balls 14 are arranged around the central frame 11 and supported by the two layers of horizontal frames 12;

As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the cable cutting mechanism 3 mainly includes a blade box 31A, a cable pressing plate 32A and a movable hook 33A; the cable pressing plate 32A is a horizontally placed cuboid with the thickness more than 2 times of the diameter of the cable, and the lower surface of the cuboid is provided with mutually vertical cross-shaped grooves, wherein the depth of the deeper groove 321A is 1.2-1.5 times of that of the shallower groove 322A, and the width of the shallower groove 322A is enough for the cable to be embedded; the top of the blade box 31A extends into the deeper groove 321A to be fixedly connected with the cable pressing plate 32A, a through hole is formed to keep the penetration of the shallower groove 322A, and a longitudinally extending through hole 311A is formed in the upper 2/3 section of the exposed part of one side surface parallel to the trend of the deeper groove 321A; a blade 312A is arranged in the blade box 31A, the cutting edge of the blade 312A faces upwards to be opposite to the deeper groove 321A, a convex cylindrical or prismatic return device 3121A is arranged on one side surface of the blade 312A, and the return device 3121A penetrates through the through hole 311A to protrude to the outside of the blade box 31A and can slide up and down in the through hole 311A; the lower edge of the blade 312A is fixedly connected with a strong compression spring 313A, the upper edge of the blade 312A is positioned at the upper 1/6 in the blade box 31A after the strong compression spring 313A is completely compressed, the blade 312A can reach a deeper groove 321A after the strong compression spring 313A is completely released, and the lower parts of two side surfaces of the blade 312A are provided with recessed clamping grooves; the strong compression spring 313A is fixed on a semi-open bracket 314A at the middle lower part in the blade box 31A, an ejection control unit is arranged below and at the periphery of the semi-open bracket 314A, and the movable hook 33A is connected below the ejection control unit; the ejection control unit comprises a pair of rotating rods 315A, a pair of supporting plates 316A and a group of strong torsion springs 317A; the pair of rotating rods 315A surround the semi-open bracket 314A and the strong compression spring 313A inside the semi-open bracket, each rotating rod 315A is composed of a fixture block 3151A with the top end capable of being embedded into a clamping groove at the lower part of the side surface of the blade 312A and an inverted L-shaped labor-saving lever, and the inverted L-shaped labor-saving lever is fixed on the inner side surface of the blade box 31A at a folding point position and can integrally rotate by taking a fixed point as an axis; a pair of support plates 316A are respectively fixed on two terminal torsion arms of the strong torsion spring 317A, and are rotatably connected with the bottom of the rotating rod 315A at respective distal ends; the middle part of the powerful torsion spring 317A is connected with the movable hook 33A through a steel wire rope.

As shown in fig. 4-9, the thermal flow probe fixture 23 of the rejection unit 2 is a cylinder with a length equal to the height of the support frame 21, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the subsea thermal flow probe 24; the cable joint pressing pipe 26 is arranged in the fixing device, the starting end starts from the seabed heat flow probe 24, the pipe body axially penetrates through the heat flow probe fixing device 23, and penetrates through a circular hole in the top surface of the supporting frame 21 to enter a space formed after the connecting frame 22 is contacted with the square prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1, and the terminal end is positioned beside the blade box 31A of the cable cutting mechanism 3. The cable joint pressure pipe 26 is provided with a plug-type bolt 27 with a large upper end and a small lower end, and a cable enters the cable joint pressure pipe 26 through the plug-type bolt 27 and is finally connected with the seabed heat flow probe 24. Positioning holes 221 are formed at four corners of the top surface of the connecting frame 22 of the discarding unit 2; the four corners of the bottom surface of the square prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1 are provided with positioning protrusions 1111; the positioning hole 221 is matched and contacted with the positioning protrusion 1111.

A seabed heat flow probe 24, as shown in fig. 14, which mainly comprises a probe long rod 2401 and a probe cabin body 2402; the long probe rod 2401 is a hollow cylinder, one end of the long probe rod is connected with the probe cabin body 2402 through threads, and the other end of the long probe rod is sealed by a detachable conical probe head 2403; as shown in fig. 14, 16 and 17, a temperature measuring circuit board 2404 is arranged inside the probe cabin body 2402, and a cable connector outlet 2405 and a heat conducting oil filling port 2406 are arranged outside the probe cabin body; as shown in fig. 13, at least 4 temperature sensors 2407 are arranged inside the heat flow probe, temperature probes 2408 at one end are distributed in the inner space of the long probe rod 2401 at equal intervals along the axial direction (the interval between every two temperature probes 2408 is 30cm), and the other end of the heat flow probe penetrates into the probe cabin body 2402 to be fixed and connected with a temperature measuring circuit board 2404 through a lead (see fig. 14 and 16); as shown in fig. 15, in the probe shaft 2401, 2 thermal convection shielding sheets 2409 perpendicular to the shaft axis are arranged between every two temperature probes 2408 (10 cm is arranged between every two thermal convection shielding sheets 2409), and the thermal convection shielding sheets 2409 are disc-type brushes formed by polypropylene fibers in a radial form. In the submarine heat flow detection, after a submarine heat flow probe is inserted into submarine sediments, temperature differences exist at different depths of the sediments, so that heat conduction oil generates molecular heat movement due to the temperature differences, and the accuracy of temperature measurement is greatly reduced. Therefore, the seabed heat flow probe structure is particularly provided with a heat convection shielding sheet positioned between two temperature sensor probes, the heat convection shielding sheet is formed by fiber substances in a radial shape and has fine gaps, not only can heat conduction oil and other media pass through the heat convection shielding sheet, but also can limit intermolecular heat movement between the heat conduction oil and other media at two sides of the heat conduction oil, so that the heat convection between the heat conduction oil and other media in different areas is shielded, the accuracy of temperature measurement is further improved, particularly when one heat convection shielding sheet is arranged in a long probe rod every 10cm, the heat convection between the heat conduction oil at two sides of the long probe rod can be avoided to the greatest extent, the very high measurement accuracy is achieved, and the best balance state of the manufacturing cost of the probe and the measurement accuracy is also achieved. The cable sent by the temperature measuring circuit board 2404 is connected with an external main control system through a cable connector outlet 2405; the heat conducting oil filling port 2406 is communicated to the inside of the long probe rod 2401 through an oil filling guide tube 2410.

As shown in fig. 15-17, a fixing rod 2411 is further disposed inside the heat flux probe, the fixing rod 2411 is an elongated rod with one end sleeved with a hollow bolt, the bolt-free portion of the fixing rod 2411 is located inside the elongated probe rod 2401, penetrates through the entire elongated probe rod 2401, and is in threaded connection with the probe head 2403 (see fig. 15), and more than 3 through holes are formed at the position where the bolt head at the other end surrounds the elongated rod and is connected with the bolt head (see fig. 16 and 17); the hollow bolt is connected with the structure thread connected with the long probe rod and the probe cabin body (see figures 16 and 17); the thermal convection shielding sheet and the temperature probe of the temperature sensor are both fixed on the slender rod of the fixing rod, and the other end of the temperature sensor penetrates through the through hole to enter the probe cabin body (see fig. 16 and 17).

Before submarine heat flow detection is carried out, a submarine heat flow probe is horizontally placed, heat conduction oil is filled into the probe long rod 2401 from the heat conduction oil filling port 2406 through an oil filling guide pipe, meanwhile, the detachable conical probe head 2403 is opened (namely, the probe head 2403 is taken down from the probe long rod 2401), the probe head 2403 is closed (namely, the probe head 2403 is fastened with the probe long rod 2401) after the heat conduction oil overflows from the probe head 2403, oil is continuously filled until the inner space of the whole probe long rod 2401 is filled with the heat conduction oil and overflows from the heat conduction oil filling port 2406, the heat conduction oil filling port 2406 is closed, and then the submarine heat flow probe is installed on a abandoning unit 2 of the self-floating submarine heat flow long-term observation base station according to a conventional method and is used for submarine heat.

All the threaded connections of the seabed heat flow probe, the cable joint outlet, the heat conducting oil filling port and various interfaces between the inside of the long probe rod and the inside of the probe cabin body are subjected to watertight treatment, for example, rubber sealing rings, strong glue and the like can be used for watertight treatment.

The third step: after the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is inserted into the seabed sediment 9 to the bottom, the small-tonnage acoustic releaser 13 sends the parameters of the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station to the deck, the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is adjusted according to the sent parameters until the inclination angle of the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station after the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station reaches the bottom is determined to be less than 10 degrees, the front-end temperature probe obviously senses friction heat and ground temperature effects, then a release command is sent to the large-tonnage acoustic releaser 52, the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is left on the seabed (see figure 2), a geological winch steel cable is recovered, and two sets of large-tonnage;

the fourth step: after the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station in the second step is remained at the seabed for 3 months, a release command is sent to a small-tonnage acoustic releaser 13 arranged on the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station in the first step through a deck control unit, so that the small-tonnage acoustic releaser 13 opens a closable hook 131 at the bottom of the small-tonnage acoustic releaser and a steel wire rope 4 connected with the small-tonnage acoustic releaser falls off, the tension is changed into a loose state, the cable 0 is chopped by the cable chopping mechanism 3, all connected recovery units and discarding units are disconnected, complete separation is completed through a floating ball 14 and a balancing weight 28, the separated recovery units float up to the sea surface and are recovered (see figure 3), and data acquisition of the seabed heat flow long-term observation is completed.

The cable chopping mechanism 3 completes the chopping process of the cable 0 as follows: when the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station receives a unhooking command sent by a shipborne deck control unit 8, a steel wire rope 4 for fixing a recovery unit 1 and a abandoning unit 2 is changed into a loose state from a tensioning state, a movable hook 33A hooked on the steel wire rope 4 is loosened, the distal ends of two side support plates 316A are relatively closed under the action of a strong torsion spring 317A in a blade box 31A above the movable hook, so that a rotating rod 315A connected with the movable hook is driven to rotate by taking a fixed point of the rotating rod as an axis, a pair of clamping blocks 3151A at the top end of the rotating rod 315A are separated from the clamping groove position at the lower part of the side surface of a blade 312A, at the moment, the strong compression spring 313A rebounds to drive an upper blade 312A to eject towards the deeper groove 321A of a cable pressing plate 32A, and the.

Under normal conditions, the separation of the recovery unit 1 and the abandonment unit 2 firstly starts the cable chopping mechanism 3, and if the cable chopping is successful, the recovery unit 1 floats upwards normally; if the chopping is unsuccessful or partially is performed, the preferred scheme of the invention is to arrange the plug-type bolt 27 at the tail section of the cable joint pressure pipe 26, concentrate the stress position of the cable in the cable joint pressure pipe 26 on the plug-type bolt 27, separate the recovery unit 1 from the abandoning unit 2 in the process of floating up the recovery unit 1, further float up the cable joint pressure pipe 26 along with the recovery unit, eliminate the compaction force, and pull out the cable by using the buoyancy force at the moment to ensure the normal floating up of the system.

Example 2

The embodiment 2 is different from the embodiment 1 only in the structure of the cable cutting mechanism 3, and in the embodiment 2, the cable cutting mechanism 3 mainly comprises a blade box 31B, a cable pressing plate 32B, an ejection control box 34B and a movable hook 33B; as shown in fig. 12 and 13, the cable pressing plate 32B is a horizontally disposed rectangular parallelepiped with a thickness more than 2 times the diameter of the cable, and cross-shaped grooves perpendicular to each other are formed on the lower surface of the rectangular parallelepiped, wherein the depth of the deeper groove 321B is 1.2-1.5 times that of the shallower groove 322B, and the width of the shallower groove 322B is sufficient for the cable to be embedded; the top of the blade box 31B is parallel to the deeper groove 321B and is fixedly connected with the cable pressing plate 32B, and a section of an upper 2/3 of a side exposed part of the blade box 31B, which is parallel to the trend of the deeper groove 321B, is provided with a through hole 311B extending longitudinally; a blade 312B is arranged in the blade box 31B, the cutting edge of the blade 312B faces upwards to be opposite to the deeper groove 321B, one side of the blade 312B is provided with a raised cylindrical or prismatic return device 3121B, the return device 3121B penetrates through the through hole 311B to protrude towards the outside of the blade box 31B and can slide up and down in the through hole 311B, and the middle part of the other side of the blade 312B is provided with a recessed clamping groove 3122B; the lower edge of the blade 312B is fixedly connected with a strong compression spring 313B, the upper edge of the blade 312B is positioned at the upper part 1/6 in the blade box 31B after the strong compression spring 313B is completely compressed, and the blade 312B can reach the deeper groove 321B after the strong compression spring 313B is completely released; the lower end of the strong compression spring 313B is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the blade case 31B; the lower part of one surface of the blade box 31B with the through hole 311B is externally connected with a cuboid cable cutting mechanism fixing block 35B, and the other surface of the blade box 31B is communicated with an externally connected ejection control box 34B; a trigger piece 341B and a blade latch 342B are fixed at the upper part in the ejection control box 34B; the trigger piece 341B is an L-shaped curved plate integrally fixed to the inner side surface of the ejection control box 34B at a position close to the inflection point, and has a distal end nearly horizontal and a proximal end downward and integrally rotatable with the fixed point as an axis; the blade latch 342B is an integral approximately reverse Z-shaped bent plate, is fixed on the inner side surface of the ejection control box 34B at a certain inflection point, can integrally rotate by taking a fixed point as a shaft, and has a far shaft end capable of being buckled with the near shaft end of the trigger piece 341B and a near shaft end capable of being embedded into the recessed clamping groove 3122B of the blade 312B; the distal axial ends of trigger piece 341B and blade latch 342B are connected to the top plate of launch control box 34B by trigger piece securing spring 3411B and blade latch securing spring 3421B, respectively; a movable hook 33B is arranged below the ejection control box 34B, the upper part of the movable hook 33B is positioned in the ejection control box 34B, and is sleeved with a movable hook extension spring 331B, the upper end of the movable hook extension spring 331B is fixedly connected with the top of the movable hook, the lower end of the movable hook extension spring 331B is fixedly connected with the inner bottom surface of the ejection control box 34B, and the top end of the movable hook 33B is provided with an impact column 332B which is over against the far shaft end of the trigger piece 341B; the cable cutting mechanism 3 is fixed at the bottom of the square prism frame 111 of the recovery unit 1 through the cable cutting mechanism fixing block 35B. The blade, the powerful compression spring, the trigger piece, the blade latch, the trigger piece fixing spring, the blade latch fixing spring, the movable hook extension spring, the impact column and other components are all made of titanium alloy materials.

It completes the chopping process of cable 0 similar to example 1: the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station receives a unhooking command sent by a shipborne deck control unit 8, a steel wire rope 4 for fixing a recovery unit 1 and a abandoning unit 2 is changed into a loose state from a tensioning state, a movable hook 33B hooked on the steel wire rope 4 is loosened, the movable hook 33B rapidly bounces upwards under the elastic action of a hook expansion spring 331B, an impact column 332B at the top of the movable hook strikes the far shaft end of a trigger piece 341B, the trigger piece integrally rotates by taking a trigger piece rotating shaft 3412B as a shaft, the near shaft end of the trigger piece 341B rotates downwards by utilizing a lever principle to drive the far shaft end of a blade latch 342B to rotate downwards, the near shaft end of the blade latch 342B rotates to be separated from a blade clamping groove 3122B of the blade 312B by utilizing the lever principle, at the moment, a powerful compression spring 313B rebounds to drive the upper blade 312B to be ejected towards a deeper groove 321B of, the compressed cable 0 in the shallow groove 322B is cut off, and the recovery unit and the discarding unit of the submarine observation base station are disconnected; and finally, the recovery unit floats upwards to the sea surface by utilizing buoyancy, is discovered and recovered by scientific research personnel, and the abandoning unit is left on the sea bottom.

Claims

1. A data acquisition method for long-term observation of seabed heat flow is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the second step is that: respectively connecting the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station with a first acoustic releaser (51) and a second acoustic releaser (52) by using buoyancy cables; the first acoustic release (51) and the second acoustic release (52) are both connected to the end of a geological winch cable (7); then, the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station, a first acoustic releaser (51) and a second acoustic releaser (52) are released into seawater through a geological winch at the release station determined in the first step, the bottom-leaving condition of equipment is monitored in real time through the first acoustic releaser (51) and the second acoustic releaser (52) in the release process, the equipment stays for 5-10 minutes when the equipment leaves the bottom for 18-22 m, the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is waited to be vertical, meanwhile, the measured temperature data is used for correcting the relative temperature difference among all temperature measurement channels, and then a release command is sent to the first acoustic releaser (51) through a deck control unit, so that the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station freely falls and vertically inserts seabed sediments;

the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station comprises a recovery unit (1), a abandoning unit (2) and a cable chopping mechanism (3); the recovery unit (1) is provided with a recovery support, 2 third acoustic releasers (13) are contained in the recovery support, the bottom of each third acoustic releaser (13) is provided with a closable hook (131), and the recovery support is also provided with at least 6 floating balls (14); the abandoning unit (2) is provided with a abandoning bracket, a heat flow probe (24) is fixedly connected below the abandoning bracket, and a balancing weight (28) is arranged in the abandoning bracket; the recovery unit (1) and the abandoning unit (2) are fixed together through a steel wire rope (4) of which two ends are connected with a closable hook (131) at the bottom of the third acoustic releaser (13); the cable cutting mechanism (3) is fixed at the bottom of the recovery support of the recovery unit (1) and is connected with the steel wire rope (4) through a movable hook, the cable (0) starts from the discarding unit (2) and enters the cable cutting mechanism (3), and then penetrates out of the cable cutting mechanism (3) and is connected with the floating ball (14) of the recovery unit (1); the cable (0) is chopped by starting the cable chopping mechanism (3) through the change of the tension to the relaxation of the steel wire rope (4);

the third step: after the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is inserted into a seabed sediment (9) to bottom, the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station sends the parameters of the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station after bottom to a deck control unit (8) through a third acoustic releaser (13) arranged on the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station, the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is adjusted according to the sent parameters until the inclination angle of the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station after bottom is determined to be less than 10 degrees and a front end temperature probe obviously induces friction heat and geothermal effect, then a release command is sent to a second acoustic releaser (52), the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is left on the seabed, a geological winch steel cable (7) is recovered, and a first acoustic releaser (51) and;

the fourth step: after the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station is remained at the seabed for observation, a release command is sent to a third acoustic releaser (13) arranged on the seabed heat flow long-term observation base station in the first step through a deck control unit (8), the third acoustic releaser (13) opens a closable hook (131) at the bottom of the third acoustic releaser, a steel wire rope (4) connected with the third acoustic releaser falls off and is changed from a tensioned state to a relaxed state, so that a cable chopping mechanism (3) is started to chop a cable (0), all connected recovery units (1) and abandon units (2) are disconnected to complete separation through a floating ball (14) and a balancing weight (28), the separated recovery units (1) float to the sea surface to be recovered, and data acquisition of the seabed heat flow long-term observation is completed.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the recovery bracket comprises a longitudinal center frame (11) and a horizontal frame (12) which is arranged around the center frame (11) in two layers in the horizontal direction; the central frame (11) is composed of a longitudinal square prism frame (111) and a vertical upright plate (112) which extends upwards from the height of the inner part 1/2 of the square prism frame; the vertical plate (112) is fixedly connected with the square prism frame (111); 2 third acoustic releasers (13) are contained in the square prism frame (111) and are respectively suspended on two sides of the vertical plate (112), a closable hook (131) is arranged at the bottom of each third acoustic releaser (13), and a stepping motor in each third acoustic releaser (13) drives the third acoustic releasers to open and close; at least 6 floating balls (14) are arranged around the central frame (11) and supported by the two layers of horizontal frames (12);

the disposable support comprises a supporting frame (21) with a square top surface, a connecting frame (22) arranged on the top surface of the supporting frame (21), a heat flow probe fixing device (23) arranged below the top surface of the supporting frame (21), and a heat flow probe (24) fixed below the supporting frame (21) through the heat flow probe fixing device (23); the connecting frame (22) is fixedly connected with the supporting frame (21), and the supporting frame (21) is fixedly connected with the heat flow probe fixing device (23); 2 steel wire rope tensioning components (25) which are symmetrically distributed in parallel are arranged in the connecting frame (22);

the top surface of the connecting frame (22) of the discarding unit (2) is in inosculated contact with the bottom surface of the square prism frame (111) of the recovery unit (1); the steel wire rope (4) penetrates through two steel wire rope tensioning parts (25) in the connecting frame (22), two ends of the steel wire rope respectively cross over the outer edge of a contact structure of the connecting frame (22) and the square prism frame (111) in an ascending mode, and finally the steel wire rope is in a ring shape and is hooked with a closable hook (131) at the bottom of the third acoustic releaser (13); the disposable support is internally provided with a balancing weight (28); the cable cutting mechanism (3) is positioned in a space formed after the connecting frame (22) of the discarding unit (2) is contacted with the square prism frame (111) of the recycling unit (1).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the cable chopping mechanism (3) comprises:

the cable pressing plate (32A), the lower surface of the cable pressing plate (32A) is provided with a first groove (321A) used for being matched with the blade (312A) and a second groove (322A) used for being embedded with a cable, the first groove (321A) and the second groove (322A) are perpendicular to each other and form a cross-shaped structure, and the depth of the first groove (321A) is greater than that of the second groove (322A);

the top of the blade box (31A) extends into the first groove (321A) and is fixedly connected with the cable pressing plate (32A), a through hole (311A) extending longitudinally is formed in one side surface, parallel to the first groove (321A), of the blade box (31A), a blade (312A) is arranged in the blade box (31A), the cutting edge of the blade (312A) faces upwards to face the first groove (321A), a raised return device (3121A) is arranged on one side surface of the blade, the return device (3121A) protrudes towards the outside of the blade box (31A) through the through hole (311A) and can slide up and down in the through hole (311A), and recessed clamping grooves are formed in the lower portions of the two side surfaces of the blade (312A); the blade box (31A) is internally provided with a bracket (314A) and a compression spring (313A), the upper opening of the bracket is opened, one end of the compression spring (313A) penetrates through the opening to be fixedly connected with the bracket (314A), the other end of the compression spring is fixedly connected with the blade (312A), and the compression spring (313A) is fully released to enable the blade (312A) to reach the first groove (321A) to cut the cable; an ejection control unit is arranged below and at the periphery of the bracket (314A);

the ejection control unit comprises a pair of rotating rods (315A), a pair of supporting plates (316A) and a torsion spring (317A), the pair of rotating rods surround the bracket and a compression spring (313A) in the bracket, each rotating rod (315A) is composed of a clamping block (3151A) with the top capable of being embedded into the recessed clamping groove and an inverted L-shaped labor-saving lever fixedly connected with the clamping block (3151A), and the inverted L-shaped labor-saving lever is fixed on the inner side surface of the blade box (31A) at a folding point through a fixing rod and integrally rotates by taking the fixing rod as a shaft; the pair of supporting plates (316A) are respectively fixed on two tail end torsion arms of the torsion spring (317A), and the respective far ends of the supporting plates are in rotating connection with the bottom of the inverted L-shaped labor-saving lever;

the hook (33A), the hook (33A) and the middle part which is connected with the torsion spring (317A) through the steel wire rope.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the second groove (322A) penetrates through two ends of the cable pressing plate (32A) where the second groove is located.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the cable chopping mechanism (3) comprises:

the cable pressing plate (32B), the lower surface of the cable pressing plate (32B) is provided with a first groove (321B) used for being matched with the blade (312B) and a second groove (322B) used for being embedded with a cable, the first groove (321B) and the second groove (322B) are perpendicular to each other and form a cross-shaped structure, and the depth of the first groove (321B) is greater than that of the second groove (322B);

the length direction of the top of the blade box (31B) is parallel to the first groove (321B) and is fixedly connected with the cable pressing plate (32B), a through hole (311B) extending longitudinally is formed in one side surface of the blade box (31B) parallel to the first groove (321B), a blade (312B) is arranged in the blade box (31B), the cutting edge of the blade (312B) faces upwards to the first groove (321B), a raised return device (3121B) is arranged on one side surface of the blade (312B), the return device (3121B) protrudes to the outside of the blade box (31B) through the through hole (311B) and can slide up and down in the through hole (311B), and a blade clamping groove (3122B) is formed in the middle of the other side surface of the blade (312B); the lower edge of the blade (312B) is fixedly connected with one end of a compression spring (313B), the other end of the compression spring (313B) is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the blade box (31B), and the compression spring (313B) is fully released to enable the blade (312B) to reach the first groove (321B) to cut the cable;

the cable cutting mechanism fixing block (35B), the cable cutting mechanism fixing block (35B) is fixed to the lower portion of one surface, provided with the through hole (311B), of the blade box (31B);

the ejection control box (34B) is communicated with the blade box (31B) and is positioned on one side far away from the cable cutting mechanism fixing block (35B); a trigger piece (341B) and a blade lock (342B) are fixed at the upper part of the ejection control box (34B); the trigger piece (341B) is an L-shaped bent plate integrally, is fixed on the inner side surface of the ejection control box (34B) at a position close to an inflection point through a trigger piece rotating shaft (3412B) and integrally rotates by taking the trigger piece rotating shaft (3412B) as a shaft, the far shaft end of the trigger piece rotating shaft is horizontally placed, and the near shaft end of the trigger piece rotating shaft is downward; the blade lock (342B) is a bent plate which is integrally in a reverse Z shape, is fixed on the inner side surface of the ejection control box (34B) at a certain inflection point through a blade lock rotating shaft (3422B), can integrally rotate by taking the blade lock rotating shaft (3422B) as a shaft, can be buckled and lapped with the end, close to the shaft, of the trigger piece (341B) at the far shaft end, and can be embedded into a blade clamping groove (3122B) of the blade (312B) at the close shaft end; the far shaft ends of the trigger piece (341B) and the blade latch (342B) are respectively connected with the top plate of the ejection control box (34B) through a trigger piece fixing spring (3411B) and a blade latch fixing spring (3421B);

the hook (33B) is arranged on the lower side of the ejection control box (34B), the upper portion of the hook (33B) penetrates through the bottom surface of the ejection control box (34B) and is located in the ejection control box (34B), a hook expansion spring (331B) is sleeved on the hook (33B), the upper end of the hook expansion spring (331B) is fixedly connected with the top of the hook (33B), the lower end of the hook expansion spring is fixedly connected with the inner bottom surface of the ejection control box (34B), and the top end of the hook (33B) is provided with a collision column (332B) which is right opposite to the far shaft end of the trigger piece (341B).

6. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the abandoning unit (2), the heat flow probe fixing device (23) is a cylinder with the length equal to the height of the supporting frame (21), and the lower end of the heat flow probe fixing device is fixedly connected with the seabed heat flow probe (24); a cable joint pressing pipe (26) is arranged in the fixing device, the starting end starts from the seabed heat flow probe (24), the pipe body axially penetrates through the heat flow probe fixing device (23) and enters a space formed after the connecting frame (22) is contacted with the square prism frame (111) of the recovery unit (1) through a round hole in the top surface of the supporting frame (21), and the terminal is positioned beside the cable chopping mechanism (3).

7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the cable joint pressure pipe (26) is provided with a plug-type bolt (27) with a large upper end and a small lower end, and a cable enters the cable joint pressure pipe (26) through the plug-type bolt (27) and is finally connected with the seabed heat flow probe (24).

8. The method of claim 2, wherein: positioning holes (221) are formed in the four corners of the top surface of the connecting frame (22) of the discarding unit (2); positioning protrusions (1111) are arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square prism frame (111) of the recovery unit (1); the positioning hole (221) is matched and contacted with the positioning protrusion (1111).

9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the seabed heat flow probe (24) comprises a probe long rod (2401) and a probe cabin body (2402); the long probe rod (2401) is of a hollow structure, one end of the long probe rod (2401) is connected with the probe cabin body (2402) through threads, and the other end of the long probe rod is sealed by a detachable conical probe head (2403); a temperature measuring circuit board (2404) is arranged inside the probe cabin body (2402), and a cable joint outlet (2405) and a heat conducting oil filling port (2406) are arranged outside the probe cabin body; at least four temperature sensors (2407) are arranged in the seabed heat flow probe, temperature probes (2408) at one ends of the at least four temperature sensors (2407) are distributed in the inner space of the long probe rod (2401) at equal intervals along the axial direction of the long probe rod (2401), and the other ends of the temperature probes are fixed in the probe cabin body (2402) in a penetrating way and are connected with a temperature measuring circuit board (2404) through leads; in the long probe rod (2401), at least one thermal convection shielding sheet (2409) which is distributed along the radial direction of the long probe rod (2401) is arranged between every two temperature probes (2408), and signals output by the temperature measuring circuit board (2404) are connected with an external main control system through a cable joint outlet (2405); the heat-conducting oil filling port (2406) is communicated with the interior of the long probe rod (2401) through an oil filling guide pipe (2410).

10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the seabed heat flow probe (24) further comprises a fixing rod (2411), the fixing rod (2411) comprises a rod body and a hollow bolt, the rod body is positioned inside the long probe rod (2401), the hollow bolt is in threaded connection with the joint of the probe cabin body (2402) and the long probe rod (2401), one end of the rod body is in threaded connection with the probe head (2403), the other end of the rod body is fixed inside the hollow bolt, through holes with the number equal to that of the temperature sensors (2407) are formed in the head part of the hollow bolt surrounding the rod body, the other end of the temperature sensors (2407) penetrates through the corresponding through holes and extends into the probe cabin body (2402), and the heat convection shielding sheet (2409) and the temperature probe (2408) are fixed on the rod body.