CN104568697A - Assessment method for penetrability of plant liquid medicine canopy - Google Patents
Assessment method for penetrability of plant liquid medicine canopy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an assessment method for penetrability of a plant liquid medicine canopy. The assessment method comprises the following steps: (1) by taking a multi-layer instrument shelter as a plant canopy model, inserting blades, regulating and recording quantity of blades at each layer, blade layer spacing, single-layer blade porosity, an interlayer blade arrangement mode and blade elastic modulus; (2) arranging water-sensitive paper on front and back surfaces of each blade; (3) vertically placing the multi-layer instrument shelter on a measuring point, performing liquid medicine spray experiment above the multi-layer instrument shelter, and recording wind speed of the canopy surface; (4) collecting the water-sensitive paper, and recording parameter information such as grain size of deposited fog drops and a rate of deposition; (5) processing data, and quantitatively analyzing a relationship between parameters. According to the assessment method, by regulating the parameters of the canopy perpendicular wind speed, the single-layer blade porosity, the blade layer spacing, the blade elastic modulus and the like, the correlation between a penetration rate of fog drops with different grain sizes and each parameter is analyzed and extracted, so that a theoretical direction is provided for required drug delivery dose for plant protection and a fog drop grain size range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the appraisal procedure of a plant liquid canopy penetrability, belong to technical field of plant protection.
Background technology
In the plant protection operation in forest, orchard and rice field etc., the plant canopy penetrance (Canopy Penetration) of liquid directly has influence on pesticide supplying effect.But the definition of canopy penetrance is not still sought unity of standard at present.It is the front penetration depth to canopy of droplet deposition that Teske (1993,1994) defines canopy penetrance.And Farooq (2002) definition canopy penetrance is the amount of liquid medicine entering the different canopy layers degree of depth.Current people study measuring method that plant liquid canopy penetrance adopts primarily of cotton thread method and water sensitive paper method.
Described cotton thread method, as shown in Figure 1, is be dissolved into certain density solution with dyestuff to spray to true plant, collects droplet, and use fluorescent spectrophotometer assay Droplet deposition with cotton cord.But it can only add up the deposition of drop in the different canopy layers degree of depth, and can not distinguish size droplet diameter.Therefore cannot distinguish the penetration capacity of different-grain diameter drop, operator also just cannot be instructed the shower nozzle of which kind of type should to be selected can to reach optimal penetration effect in actual dispenser process.
Described water sensitive paper method, as shown in Figure 2, is widely used in measuring in agricultural in the experiments such as float of mist droplet, for collecting droplet.The people such as Khot are layered arrangement water sensitive paper in true influences of plant crown, measures the droplet deposition situation under fruit tree different depth.Relative cotton thread method, water sensitive paper method can obtain more mist droplet deposition information, comprises the size droplet diameter regularity of distribution etc.But it tests under true plant environment, plant leaf form of diverse, and angle is also different, the data variance obtained with water sensitive paper measurement is very large, and repeatability is also poor; And water sensitive paper cloth postpone on blade, be difficult to the depth information accurately obtaining its distance Malabar Pied Hornbill, and blade shielding rate corresponding in this degree of depth.
In addition, in the analytical approach of canopy penetrance, also there are some drawbacks.LAI leaf area index can be studied the relation of drop penetrability and leaf area index by people usually as plant forms parameter.But this mode has very large uncertainty: first, the leaf area index on different depth is difficult to obtain; Secondly, same leaf area index, the plant of different leaves arrangement mode also may bring larger drop penetrability difference; Again, the wind speed perpendicular to Malabar Pied Hornbill also has considerable influence for the drop penetrability of canopy, and for the research of true plant, the wind speed of canopy zones of different is also uneven, is difficult to the relation quantitatively obtaining wind speed and penetration of droplets.
Therefore, measuring method and the analytical approach of current evaluation plant medicinal liquid canopy penetrability all exist by external environment influence large, influence factor is more, between each factor, relation is complicated, be difficult to extract quantitative guiding result from the data obtained, actual job standard criterion cannot be provided aborning, and in scientific research quantitative examination penetration of droplets rule.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the appraisal procedure of a plant liquid canopy penetrability.Adopt method of the present invention, the data obtained is reproducible, and degree of accuracy is high, gets rid of complex flowfield environmental impact, thus analyze the correlationship extracted between different-grain diameter penetration of droplets rate and each parameter, for plant protection dispensary needs dose and mist droplet particle size scope to provide theoretical direction.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The appraisal procedure of one plant liquid canopy penetrability, comprises the steps:
(1) using multilayer thermometer screen as plant canopy model, every layer is inserted blade, adjusts the quantity of every layer of blade, blade interlamellar spacing, single layer blade factor of porosity, interlayer blades arrangement mode, paddles elastomeric modulus, line item of going forward side by side;
(2) arrange water sensitive paper at every sheet blade tow sides, make it under airflow function, vacuum side of blade also may collect droplet;
(3) multilayer thermometer screen is stood vertically be positioned over measurement point, carry out medicine liquid spray experiment above it, record each experiment parameter; As ground environment is severe, the fixed equipment such as support, heel brace can be installed additional;
Wherein, experiment parameter is as wind speed, dispenser flow, spraying duration, spray height, temperature etc.
(4) water sensitive paper is collected, the droplet quantity of record deposition and mist droplet particle size;
(5) data processing, calculates penetrance, the relation between each parameter of quantitative test, assessment canopy penetrability.
In appraisal procedure of the present invention, the multilayer thermometer screen adopted, as shown in Figure 8, Figure 9, has following architectural feature:
Described multilayer thermometer screen comprises the casing of upper and lower opening, the inside of described casing, and the longitudinal direction along described casing is furnished with multilayer blinds; The first end of described louver vane is connected with the inwall of described casing; The tow sides of described blade are coated with water sensitive paper respectively.
Described multilayer thermometer screen adopts door-opening type design, is convenient for changing blade and layout, collection water sensitive paper;
Preferably, the first end of described louver vane is connected removably with the inwall of described casing.
Preferably, the first end of described blade is connected with the inwall of described casing by blade clamping device; Described blade clamping device is fixed on described casing, and described blade clamping device offers blade slot, and the first end of described blade inserts in described blade slot.
Preferably, described blade is horizontal positioned;
Preferably, the material of described casing is light material, preferred aluminium alloy, organic glass.If carry out field trial, the metal material model that intensity is larger can be adopted, be convenient to repeatedly carry.When carrying out laboratory experiment, can clear perspex material be adopted, be convenient to carry out Experiments of Optics;
The material of described blade is plastics or stainless steel.
Preferably, described casing is of a size of long 550mm* wide 160mm* height 1600mm; 200-800mm adjustable extent is spaced apart between described every layer of blinds; Described every layer of blinds preferably includes 20 equally distributed blades; Described blade is of a size of 76mm*26mm.
The present invention utilizes multilayer thermometer screen special construction to simulate influences of plant crown, as the operating diagram that Fig. 5 is multilayer thermometer screen, as we know from the figure, liquid discharges above casing, along with the different each layer of the degree of depth deposits quantity also obvious difference of counting, evaluate influences of plant crown penetrability with this.
In appraisal procedure of the present invention, regulate every layer of percentage of open area by adjusting every layer of blade quantity.Each interlayer interval regulates by removing all blades in same layer, and interlamellar spacing is preferably 200mm-800mm.Individual blade all can installation and removal, and can change the blade material of dual extension-compression modulus, as plastics, and the material blades such as stainless steel.
The present invention selects multilayer thermometer screen as canopy penetrability model casing, its principle of work as shown in Figure 3, realizing multiple layers of vanes can the function of arbitrarily dismounting and change and arrangement, thus reach canopy leaf area index (adjusting vane quantity), blade interlamellar spacing (200mm, 400mm, 600mm, 800mm is adjustable), single layer blade factor of porosity is (from 0% to 100% change, adjustable accuracy 5%), interlayer blades arrangement mode (staggered or overlapping arrangement), paddles elastomeric modulus (adopts metal, the blade of the unlike material different-thickness such as plastics) isoparametric quantification fine adjustment, realize the Quantitative study on the correlation parameter affecting penetration of droplets.
Because described multilayer thermometer screen multiparameter is adjustable, control that can be easy in measurement penetration of droplets, more than parameter, obtains the correlationship of research object, has very strong scientific research and actual application value.Such as in actual applications, if we need research different leaves arrangement state on the impact of penetration of droplets, inlet velocity just can be kept consistent, by regulating every layer of blinds arrangement mode, control every layer of percentage of open area constant, thus obtain for the correlationship between the penetrance of a certain particle size range droplet and blades arrangement mode.By measuring different plant canopy characteristic, selecting suitable dispenser mist droplet particle size and spraying medicine concentration targetedly, under ensureing enough penetration depths, there is required liquid deposition.
Such as we need to obtain different canopy layers factor of porosity to the impact of penetrability again, can by regulating different layers blade quantity, and obtain the experiment condition under different aperture degree, ensure speed of incoming flow again, the Correlative Influence Factors such as operating area immobilize simultaneously.This has reproducible compared to model plant or true plant experiment, and the advantages such as experimental state is controlled, are convenient to the quantitative analysis to each parameter correlationship.
In environment actual measurement, the method also has research vehicle structure simply, lighter in weight, and good environmental adaptability, is convenient to dismounting, and data acquisition is convenient, the characteristics such as parameter flexible adjustment.The method in land for growing field crops, can use in the environment such as concrete floor, can be used in the experiment of unmanned plane dispenser penetrability, common shower nozzle mist droplet deposition experiment and wind tunnel experiment.
The method of the invention can get rid of complex flowfield environmental impact, the impact that the particle statistics that especially side direction particle drift causes departs from.By regulating canopy vertical velocity, single layer blade percentage of open area, blade interlamellar spacing, the parameters such as paddles elastomeric modulus, thus analyze the correlationship extracted between different-grain diameter penetration of droplets rate and each parameter, for plant protection dispensary needs dose and mist droplet particle size scope to provide theoretical direction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that cotton cord method measures Droplet deposition and penetration depth.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that water sensitive paper method measures mist droplet particle size and deposition.
Fig. 3 is multilayer thermometer screen fundamental diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is embodiment 1 dispenser unmanned plane and organic glass experimental provision schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is multilayer thermometer screen operating diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the graph of a relation of different-grain diameter drop penetrance and the canopy degree of depth.
Fig. 7 A is that canopy leaves is staggered the graph of a relation of different-grain diameter drop penetrance and the canopy degree of depth under state.
Fig. 7 B is the relation of different-grain diameter drop penetrance and the canopy degree of depth under canopy leaves overlapping arrangement state.
Fig. 8 is multilayer thermometer screen structural design drawing.
Fig. 9 is metal experimental provision pictorial diagram.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1 penetration of droplets is tested
The present embodiment is carried out in Earthquake of Anyang station in Henan Quan Feng aviation plant protection Science and Technology Ltd.'s flight training field.As shown in Figure 4, empirical model is arranged in open ground, and spray medicine unmanned plane adopts QF80-10 type, and carry two pressure nozzles, model is LECHER LU-120-02.
(1) the multilayer thermometer screen adopted in the present embodiment is the organic glass case that 1600mm height * 300mm wide * 80mm is thick, equal opening up and down, arrange 10 movable shutters for every layer, the wide * 78mm of 28mm is long, every interlayer is every 200mm, and totally 7 layers, upper and lower two-layer blinds is for being staggered, as shown in Figure 5, to go forward side by side line item;
(2) each blinds tow sides place a water sensitive paper;
(3) stood vertically by multilayer thermometer screen and be positioned over measurement point, unmanned plane 2m place above multilayer thermometer screen is flown over, and hover time 2s, carries out medicine liquid spray experiment, record experiment parameter; And above casing, arrange wind speed and below wind speed above tachogenerator record canopy; This experiment repetition twice; Experiment condition parameter is in table 1;
Table 1
| Experiment parameter | |
| Dispenser flow | 1.5 liter/min |
| Wind speed (speed of incoming flow) above canopy | 10 meter per seconds |
| The spraying duration | 2 seconds |
| Spray height | Above canopy 2 meters |
| Temperature | 32 degrees Celsius |
| DV0.1 | 140 microns |
| DV0.5 | 254 microns |
| DV0.9 | 329 microns |
Wherein, DV0.1 represents: arranged from small to large by particle diameter, and by volume component accumulation, accounts in the particle of cumulative volume 10%, the diameter of maximum particle.
DV0.5 represents: arranged from small to large by particle diameter, and by volume component accumulation, accounts in the particle of cumulative volume 50%, the diameter of maximum particle.
DV0.9 represents: arranged from small to large by particle diameter, and by volume component accumulation, accounts in the particle of cumulative volume 90%, the diameter of maximum particle.
(4) spraying terminates rear quick collection water sensitive paper, the droplet quantity of record deposition and mist droplet particle size; The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 different-grain diameter droplet to be counted sum in the deposition of each layer
(5) data processing, calculate penetrance, the relation between each parameter of quantitative test, assesses plant liquid canopy penetrability.
Because ground floor droplet deposition amount is too much, cause water sensitive paper coverage rate more than 25%, have influence on the ground floor amount of droplets that software extracts, therefore we calculate every experiment parameter from the second layer (400mm).
First extract different-grain diameter drop to count n the deposition of every layer, and pass through formula
calculate penetrance;
Wherein, ni represents calculating i-th layer of blade deposit fluid dropping point number from top to bottom;
N1 represents calculating ground floor blade deposit fluid dropping point number from top to bottom.
The results are shown in Figure 6, as shown in Figure 6, drop penetrance P
ilogarithmic relationship is met, P with the relation of canopy degree of depth x
t=e
1-x/200, and be more or less the same between the drop of different-grain diameter.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the method for embodiment 1 to carry out penetration of droplets experiment, difference is, upper and lower two-layer blinds is eclipsed form arrangement, in order to study the impact of different canopy layers structure on penetration of droplets.Image data the results are shown in Table 3.
Twice experiment different-grain diameter droplet to be counted sum in the deposition of each layer after table 3
(5) data processing, calculates penetrance, and assessment different leaves arrangement rule, on the impact of plant liquid canopy penetrance, the results are shown in Figure 7A, Fig. 7 B.
As can be seen from figure we, blades arrangement mode can have an impact to the drop penetrability of different-grain diameter, and this impact along with size droplet diameter increase and increase; When size droplet diameter is less than 200um, drop penetrance is hardly by the impact of blades arrangement mode; After size droplet diameter is greater than 200um, drop penetrance can increase along with blade overlapping degree and reduce.
Finally we achieve following result:
1. the relation of drop penetrance and the canopy degree of depth meets log law.
2. drop penetrance and canopy leaves factor of porosity linear proportional relation.
3. the impact of blade arrangement mode is more subject to more than the penetrance of 200 micron diameter drops.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the appraisal procedure of a plant liquid canopy penetrability, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) using multilayer thermometer screen as plant canopy model, every layer is inserted blade, adjusts the quantity of every layer of blade, blade interlamellar spacing, single layer blade factor of porosity, interlayer blades arrangement mode, paddles elastomeric modulus, line item of going forward side by side;
(2) water sensitive paper is arranged at every sheet blade tow sides;
(3) multilayer thermometer screen is stood vertically be positioned over measurement point, carry out medicine liquid spray experiment above it, record each experiment parameter;
(4) water sensitive paper is collected, the droplet quantity of record deposition and mist droplet particle size;
(5) data processing, calculates penetrance, the relation between each parameter of quantitative test, assessment canopy penetrability.
2. appraisal procedure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described multilayer thermometer screen comprises the casing of upper and lower opening, the inside of described casing, and the longitudinal direction along described casing is furnished with multilayer blinds; The first end of described louver vane is connected with the inwall of described casing; The tow sides of described blade are coated with water sensitive paper respectively.
3. appraisal procedure according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the first end of described louver vane is connected removably with the inwall of described casing.
4. appraisal procedure according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the first end of described blade is connected with the inwall of described casing by blade clamping device; Described blade clamping device is fixed on described casing, and described blade clamping device offers blade slot, and the first end of described blade inserts in described blade slot.
5. appraisal procedure according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described multilayer thermometer screen adopts door-opening type design; Described blade is horizontal positioned.
6. appraisal procedure according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the material of described multilayer thermometer screen is light material, preferred aluminium alloy, organic glass.
7. appraisal procedure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described blade interlamellar spacing is by removing same layer Leaf to regulate, and interlamellar spacing is preferably 200mm-800mm.
8. appraisal procedure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described single layer blade factor of porosity is regulated by adjustment every layer of blade quantity, and porosity is 0%-100%, adjustable accuracy 5%.
9. appraisal procedure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described interlayer blades arrangement mode is staggered or overlapping arrangement.
10. appraisal procedure according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described paddles elastomeric modulus is plastics or stainless steel.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN107036943A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-08-11 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of mist droplet deposition method of testing and test device based on crop porosity similitude |
| CN107145692A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-08 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of dispenser mist droplet deposition Forecasting Methodology based on CFD and crop porosity similitude |
| CN107179270A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-19 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of plant population canopy porosity measurement device and measuring method |
| CN108507749A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-09-07 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of plant canopy airflow field biosimulation test system and analog detection method |
| CN109490158A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-19 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of space mist droplet deposition measurement and evaluation method based on influences of plant crown porosity |
| CN110333045A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-15 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of air-flow operation flexibility crop DEFORMATION RESPONSE physical property measurement method |
| CN110487584A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-11-22 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of emulation mandarin tree for spraying target detection and spray characteristics test |
| CN111398624A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-07-10 | 清远市智慧农业研究院 | Device and method for testing penetrability of canopy of lower washing wind field |
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| CN107036943A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-08-11 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of mist droplet deposition method of testing and test device based on crop porosity similitude |
| CN107145692A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-08 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of dispenser mist droplet deposition Forecasting Methodology based on CFD and crop porosity similitude |
| CN107179270A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-19 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of plant population canopy porosity measurement device and measuring method |
| CN107145692B (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2020-03-10 | 山东农业大学 | Pesticide application droplet deposition prediction method based on similarity of CFD and crop porosity |
| CN107036943B (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2023-08-04 | 山东农业大学 | Droplet deposition test method and device based on crop porosity similarity |
| CN108507749A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-09-07 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of plant canopy airflow field biosimulation test system and analog detection method |
| CN108507749B (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2023-09-19 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Plant canopy airflow field biological simulation test system and simulation test method |
| CN109490158A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-19 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of space mist droplet deposition measurement and evaluation method based on influences of plant crown porosity |
| CN109490158B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-02-02 | 山东农业大学 | Space fog droplet deposition amount measuring and evaluating method based on porosity of plant canopy |
| CN110333045A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-15 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of air-flow operation flexibility crop DEFORMATION RESPONSE physical property measurement method |
| CN110487584A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-11-22 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of emulation mandarin tree for spraying target detection and spray characteristics test |
| CN111398624A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-07-10 | 清远市智慧农业研究院 | Device and method for testing penetrability of canopy of lower washing wind field |
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Effective date of registration: 20210430 Address after: 100097 room 301-a315, 03 / F, 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing Patentee after: NONGXIN TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100097 318b, block a, agricultural science building, 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing Patentee before: BEIJING RESEARCH CENTER OF INTELLIGENT EQUIPMENT FOR AGRICULTURE |