CN104567759A - Ultrasonic detection method for zero clearance degree - Google Patents
Ultrasonic detection method for zero clearance degree Download PDFInfo
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- CN104567759A CN104567759A CN201310472205.5A CN201310472205A CN104567759A CN 104567759 A CN104567759 A CN 104567759A CN 201310472205 A CN201310472205 A CN 201310472205A CN 104567759 A CN104567759 A CN 104567759A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/0681—Imaging by acoustic microscopy, e.g. scanning acoustic microscopy
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic detection method for zero clearance degree, relates to improvement on a detection method for the zero clearance degree, and provides the ultrasonic detection method for the zero clearance degree, which is practical, accurate and safe, and can realize nondestructive measurement. The ultrasonic detection method for the zero clearance degree comprises the following steps: 1) adjusting the sensitivity of an ultrasonic measurement basis; 2) performing rough measurement on the surface of a piece to be measured to find out the position of a pure-copper buried pipe, and marking a position picture of the buried pipe on the piece to be measured; 3) performing fold-line scanning on the position picture by an ultrasonic fault detector, measuring thickness, finding out the minimum value, and marking the minimum value; 4) judging the zero clearance degree according to the measured thickness and the reflection waveforms of ultrasonic waves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improvement of porosity detection method continuously.
Background technology
Fine copper pipe laying (Monell) cooling jacket is the calculated very important sub-project of national " 863 ", and the important parameter of this project of suitability for industrialized production is exactly that porosity continuously between fine copper parent and pipe laying is measured.
The development of fine copper pipe laying cooling jacket is a very important project, the emphasis of this project is on the basis of previous experiments room research, carry out the experiment of suitability for industrialized production, by the experiment of this one-phase, develop the outturn sample meeting designing requirement, it is exactly requirement when must reach design of the parameter of outturn sample that what is called meets designing requirement.These requirements, what have directly can measure by corresponding detection means, and what have then must be detected by the mode destroyed, particularly some important parameters, the porosity continuously such as between fine copper parent and pipe laying, i.e. theoretical contact length between fine copper and pipe laying.This parameter directly affects the coefficient of heat conductivity of cooling jacket, and that is whether cooling jacket is qualified must provide porosity continuously.
Porosity detection method adopts the method for machining to be cut open by observation the most continuously, and survey calculation draws.But this is a kind of mode of destruction, all right for experiment, just cannot implement for suitability for industrialized production.In the ordinary course of things, in commercial production, the normal mode of ray detection that adopts obtains, this detection mode is higher to volume flaw recall rate, and it is lower perpendicular to the planar defect recall rate in beam direction, and when product thickness is more than 60mm, then need powerful X-ray production apparatus, even gamma-ray machine, this not only adds cost, protects the improper risk also having personal injury.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is exactly for the problems referred to above, provides a kind of practicality, accurate, the safe supersonic detection method of porosity continuously that also can realize nondestructive measurement.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme, the present invention includes following steps.
1) ultrasonic measurement reference sensitivity is adjusted.
2) to be measured surperficial bigness scale, find out the position of fine copper pipe laying, and mark pipe laying station diagram on to be measured.
3) on station diagram, carry out broken line scanning, detect thickness with ultra-sonic defect detector, find out minimum value and mark.
4) porosity is continuously judged according to detect thickness and ultrasonic reflections waveform.
As a kind of preferred version, step 1) of the present invention is by measuring fine copper pipe laying velocity of sound C, the frequency f of longitudinal wave probe and diameter are selected, probe is placed in fine copper pipe laying and to be measured complete binding site, end first time wave height is regulated to be display screen full-scale 80%, in this, as reference sensitivity; By large flat calculating △=20lg2 λ X/ π Df
2improve △ dB as Scanning sensitivity, in formula, λ is wavelength=velocity of sound C/ frequency f, and X is the thickness of fine copper pipe laying apart from searching surface, and Df is sensitivity foundation.
As another kind of preferred version, step 1) of the present invention is as velocity of sound c=4700m/s, and selected frequency f is 2.5MHZ, and diameter is the longitudinal wave probe of φ 20mm; Select Df=φ 6mm as sensitivity foundation.
As another kind of preferred version, of the present invention rapid 3) adopt the scanning of ultrasonic longitudinal wave method continuous recording mode broken line.
As another kind of preferred version, continuous recording mode broken line checking method of the present invention comprises: the measurement point corresponding in step 3) minimum value distinguishes detect thickness along 5mm place, fine copper pipe laying Width left and right on dog leg path, and the difference of this thickness and minimum value is 0.5mm ~ 1mm.
As another kind of preferred version, difference of the present invention is 0.7mm.
As another kind of preferred version, the determination methods of step 4) of the present invention comprises: when two boundary reflection waveforms appear in ultrasound wave oscillography screen display simultaneously, wherein be greater than 50% or do not occur second time interface echo F2 apart from nearer first the waveform F1 in surface and the ratio of second time boundary reflection waveform F2 wave height, only occur first reflection ripple F1 and crest is sharp-pointed, active then judges to there is incomplete fusion defect.
As another kind of preferred version, the determination methods of step 4) of the present invention comprises: between fine copper pipe laying outer wall and to be measured outer wall, occur display waveform, then there is incomplete fusion defect.
Secondly, following four kinds of defects can be judged according to display waveform feature of the present invention: 1. pore has single intensive chain etc. to be generally spherical or oval pore, and smooth surface; Waveform character is reflection wave crest height of wave, and face is precipitous, and susceptibility is strong, and crest is single, and root is clear, and when probe is mobile, single pore is a more stable monopulse ripple, and continuously defect waves can occur linear porosity, and porosity is then several defect waves.2. slag inclusion; With corner angle in representative workpiece, echo character and the regularity of distribution are that echo is more weak, and the change of different azimuth detection echo is little; 3. shrinkage cavity defect feature is intensive shrinkage porosite, and in dendroid, central pipe in a tubular form; Waveform character is a ripple multimodal, and amplitude is high, has a significant effect to end ripple; 4. crack defect feature rock-candy structure, surface is light comparatively, plastic fracture, rough surface; Echo character is that echo is higher, and obvious to end wave action, during mobile probe, waveform rises one after another, and changes greatly.
In addition, the determination methods of step 4) of the present invention comprises: get described minimum value respectively in described to be measured surface segment, most minimum value is tending towards a certain numerical value L, and namely L corresponding point are the qualified point of porosity continuously.
If there is L' in minimum value, (1-1.4 ﹪) (L-D)≤L'≤(1+1.4 ﹪) (L-D), then there is incomplete fusion defect in L' corresponding point.
If there is L'' in minimum value, L''≤(1-1.4 ﹪) (L-D), then there is gas hole defect in L'' corresponding point.
In formula, D is fine copper pipe laying pipe thickness.
Beneficial effect of the present invention.
The present invention adopt reflectoscope to fine copper pipe laying cooling jacket continuously porosity measure, passed judgment on by data analysis, wave form analysis and dissects coloration detection with practice, sample metallographic examination and contrast, determine practicality, the accuracy of Ultrasonic Detection fine copper pipe laying cooling jacket porosity detection continuously; Ensure that the coefficient of heat conductivity of cooling jacket, fill up the blank cannot carrying out Non-Destructive Testing measurement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.Scope is not only confined to the statement of following content.
Fig. 1-1 is the present invention's to be measured structural representation.
Fig. 1-2 is the right view of Fig. 1-1.
Fig. 1-3 is upward views of Fig. 1-1.
Fig. 2 is that fine copper pipe detects and sign picture.
Fig. 3 is Ultrasonic Detection track and measuring point schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 detects thickness schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is fine copper part pipe laying local size and check point position view.
Fig. 6 is pipe laying scale diagrams.
Fig. 7 is fine copper part two sides symmetrical check point wall thickness relationship figure.
Fig. 8 is fusion state Ultrasonic Detection oscillogram.
Fig. 9 is pipe laying fusion metallograph.
Figure 10 is incomplete fusion state Ultrasonic Detection oscillogram.
Figure 11-1 is the not molten position coloration detection figure of Ultrasonic Detection.
Figure 11-2 is the not molten position metallographic examination figure of Ultrasonic Detection.
Figure 12 is the Liquid penetrant testing result figure of other rejected region.
Embodiment
The present invention can adopt PXUT-3030 ultrasonic digital defectoscope to measure copper-face, nickel water jacket Monel area within a jurisdiction, and utilizes macroscopic observation, DPT-8 Liquid penetrant testing and the analysis of microcosmic metaloscope to compare checking to region of anatomy interface conditions respectively.
Detection method.
(1) balance check is carried out.Be 4700m/s through measuring fine copper pipe laying velocity of sound C, the longitudinal wave probe of selected frequency to be 2.5MHZ diameter be φ 20mm, then wavelength X=velocity of sound C/ frequency f, if fine copper pipe laying is apart from the thickness X of searching surface, select Df=φ 6mm as sensitivity foundation, after verification, probe is placed in fine copper pipe laying and to be measured complete binding site, regulates end first time wave height to be display screen full-scale 80%, in this, as reference sensitivity.By large flat calculating △=20lg2 λ X/ π Df
2improve △ dB as Scanning sensitivity.
(2) to be measured surperficial bigness scale (to be measured surface smoothness generally need reach more than Ra6.3, meets ultrasonic measurement condition), find out the position of fine copper pipe laying, and on to be measured, mark pipe laying station diagram (see figure 2).
(3) with ultra-sonic defect detector carry out on station diagram broken line ("
" type) scanning, detect thickness, finds out minimum value and marks.
Adopt ultrasonic longitudinal wave method continuous recording mode broken line scanning (see figure 3), get bee-line and carry out data statistic analysis.
Under fusion also gapless situation, the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 that theory should record equals h1+T(and sees Fig. 4), when institute's Thickness Measurement by Microwave equals h1+T, gapless is described, illustrates there is gap when institute's Thickness Measurement by Microwave equals h1.
In actual measurement (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), because Product processing thickness is 92mm, pipe laying overall diameter 36mm, thickness (T) is 6mm, if the positional symmetry of pipe, the qualified data of thickness measuring should be: 92/2-36/2+6=46-18+6=34mm; The tested point position marked is found out the place 34mm that numerical value is minimum, and surveys 3 points in same tested point position, every dot spacing 5mm; The 5mm because every dot spacing is only separated by, so the curved surface of pipe is similar to plane computations, then 1,3 dot thickness should be with the difference of point 2: 18-
=0.7mm, thus 1, the theoretical wall thickness of 3 is 34.7mm, consider that test result is subject to the impact of the factor such as the skew of surface smoothness, the main cause velocity of sound, material grain size, test position fix, the difference of 1,3 dot thickness and point 2 can be controlled between 05mm ~ 1mm.
Data analysis.
L1=28mm(the 2nd point as shown in Figure 7), so the 1st, 3 just should between 28.5mm ~ 29mm, that is be qualified at this range size, 1st, 3 dot spacing 10mm, can not there is abrupt change point in consecutive point, as side is like this, so another side just should be: L2=92-L1-(36-12)=92-28-24=40mm, that is, the relation measuring the symmetric points wall thickness on two sides should be: testpieces gross thickness L-pipe laying internal diameter Di=L1+L2.
Wave form analysis.
In Ultrasonic Detection when a defect is detected, adopt " three fixed "-quantitatively, location, qualitatively evaluate this defect situation, we sum up the detection feature of following incomplete fusion defect by experiment: when two boundary reflection waveforms appear in ultrasound wave oscillography screen display simultaneously, wherein be greater than 50% or do not occur second time interface echo F2 apart from nearer first the waveform F1 in surface and the ratio of second time boundary reflection waveform F2 wave height, only occur first reflection ripple F1 and crest is sharp-pointed, active then can be judged as incomplete fusion.
Data, wave form analysis.
We analyze two pieces of samples, find that 3 middle minimum data that the 1st, 2,3 section of place records are: 28.5,28.0,28.7, in Ultrasonic Detection process, analysis (see figure 8) is carried out to detection waveform, do not find there be manifesting of the defect waves such as incomplete fusion near end ripple, and after dissection, do metallographic examination to be confirmed (see figure 9), therefore deducibility fuses very well herein, tested surface is about 28mm apart from pipe laying inwall minor increment, and namely tested surface is 22mm apart from copper and pipe laying fusion distance.
1 place: 28.5-6=22.5mm.
2 places: 28-6=22mm.
3 places: 28.7-6=22.7mm.
4th, 3 middle minimum data that 5,6 sections of places record are: 28.4,28,22.3.
4 places: 28.4-6=22.4mm.
5 places: 28-6=22mm.
6 places: 22.3-6=16.3mm.
Because this most distance in detected identity distance pipe laying fusion region is all very stable at about 22mm, 6th section calculates rear distance and is about 16mm, illustrate that 6 sections of places may not melt in theory, and carry out analyzing herein for incomplete fusion through observing Ultrasonic Detection waveform (see figure 10) herein.
The judgement of other defect.
According to Fig. 7, if namely there is display waveform on copper body within the scope of L1-6mm, L2-6mm, then may be defined as the defect waves that copper body occurs, its defect type is judged according to waveform character, such as: 1. pore has single intensive chain etc. general in spherical or oval pore, and smooth surface.Waveform character is reflection wave crest height of wave, and face is precipitous, and susceptibility is strong, and crest is single, and root is clear, and when probe is mobile, single pore is a more stable monopulse ripple, and continuously defect waves can occur linear porosity, and porosity is then several defect waves.2. slag inclusion; With corner angle in representative workpiece, echo character and the regularity of distribution are that echo is more weak, and the change of different azimuth detection echo is little.3. shrinkage cavity defect feature is intensive shrinkage porosite, and in dendroid, central pipe in a tubular form.Waveform character is a ripple multimodal, and amplitude is high, has a significant effect to end ripple.4. crack defect feature rock-candy structure, surface is light comparatively, plastic fracture, rough surface.Echo character is that echo is higher, and obvious to end wave action, during mobile probe, waveform rises one after another, and changes greatly.
3 middle minimum data that 8th section of place records are: 19.5mm, then after calculating, distance is 19.5-6=13.5mm.
Because this surveyed area pipe laying depth is all more steadily similar at 22mm numerical value, and be not fusion near 13.5mm, so can not occur not melting situation near this in theory, the ultrasonic waveform of foundation theoretical implications and herein defect carries out analysis and judges there is gas hole defect herein.
Practice is dissected coloration detection, metallographic examination and ultrasonic testing results and is contrasted.
For confirming the accuracy of check data and wave form analysis, carry out practice dissection coloration detection and metallographic sample analysis and ultrasound analysis Comparative result to be measured as follows.
1. dissect and adopt the mode of machining to carry out damage type inspection, the position that combination interface is intact is judged to Ultrasonic Detection, by macroscopical coloration detection and metallographic examination, confirm that fine copper pipe laying combination interface combines good.
2. judge that combination interface exists not molten position to Ultrasonic Detection, carry out section coloration detection and turn out to be incomplete fusion, sampling metallographic examination is interface incomplete fusion, sees Figure 11-1, Figure 11-2.
3. the position that there is other defect is judged as to Ultrasonic Detection, carries out Liquid penetrant testing after dissection and confirm to be really gas hole defect, see Figure 12.
Be understandable that, above about specific descriptions of the present invention, the technical scheme described by the embodiment of the present invention is only not limited to for illustration of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, still can modify to the present invention or equivalent replacement, to reach identical technique effect; Needs are used, all within protection scope of the present invention as long as meet.
Claims (10)
1. porosity supersonic detection method continuously, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) ultrasonic measurement reference sensitivity is adjusted;
2) to be measured surperficial bigness scale, find out the position of fine copper pipe laying, and mark pipe laying station diagram on to be measured;
3) on station diagram, carry out broken line scanning, detect thickness with ultra-sonic defect detector, find out minimum value and mark;
4) porosity is continuously judged according to detect thickness and ultrasonic reflections waveform.
2. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step 1) is by measuring fine copper pipe laying velocity of sound C, the frequency f of longitudinal wave probe and diameter are selected, probe is placed in fine copper pipe laying and to be measured complete binding site, end first time wave height is regulated to be display screen full-scale 80%, in this, as reference sensitivity; By large flat calculating △=20lg2 λ X/ π Df
2improve △ dB as Scanning sensitivity, in formula, λ is wavelength=velocity of sound C/ frequency f, and X is the thickness of fine copper pipe laying apart from searching surface, and Df is sensitivity foundation.
3. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described step 1) is as velocity of sound c=4700m/s, selected frequency f is 2.5MHZ, and diameter is the longitudinal wave probe of φ 20mm; Select Df=φ 6mm as sensitivity foundation.
4. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 1, is characterized in that described rapid 3) adopt the scanning of ultrasonic longitudinal wave method continuous recording mode broken line.
5. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described continuous recording mode broken line checking method comprises: the measurement point corresponding in step 3) minimum value distinguishes detect thickness along 5mm place, fine copper pipe laying Width left and right on dog leg path, and the difference of this thickness and minimum value is 0.5mm ~ 1mm.
6. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 5, is characterized in that described difference is 0.7mm.
7. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the determination methods of described step 4) comprises: when two boundary reflection waveforms appear in ultrasound wave oscillography screen display simultaneously, wherein be greater than 50% or do not occur second time interface echo F2 apart from nearer first the waveform F1 in surface and the ratio of second time boundary reflection waveform F2 wave height, only occur first reflection ripple F1 and crest is sharp-pointed, active then judges to there is incomplete fusion defect.
8. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 1, is characterized in that the determination methods of described step 4) comprises: between fine copper pipe laying outer wall and to be measured outer wall, occur display waveform, then there is incomplete fusion defect.
9. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 8, is characterized in that can judging following four kinds of defects according to described display waveform feature: 1. pore has single intensive chain etc. general in spherical or oval pore, and smooth surface; Waveform character is reflection wave crest height of wave, and face is precipitous, and susceptibility is strong, and crest is single, and root is clear, and when probe is mobile, single pore is a more stable monopulse ripple, and continuously defect waves can occur linear porosity, and porosity is then several defect waves; 2. slag inclusion; With corner angle in representative workpiece, echo character and the regularity of distribution are that echo is more weak, and the change of different azimuth detection echo is little; 3. shrinkage cavity defect feature is intensive shrinkage porosite, and in dendroid, central pipe in a tubular form; Waveform character is a ripple multimodal, and amplitude is high, has a significant effect to end ripple; 4. crack defect feature rock-candy structure, surface is light comparatively, plastic fracture, rough surface; Echo character is that echo is higher, and obvious to end wave action, during mobile probe, waveform rises one after another, and changes greatly.
10. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the determination methods of described step 4) comprises: get described minimum value respectively in described to be measured surface segment, most minimum value is tending towards a certain numerical value L, and namely L corresponding point are the qualified point of porosity continuously;
If there is L' in minimum value, (1-1.4 ﹪) (L-D)≤L'≤(1+1.4 ﹪) (L-D), then there is incomplete fusion defect in L' corresponding point;
If there is L'' in minimum value, L''≤(1-1.4 ﹪) (L-D), then there is gas hole defect in L'' corresponding point;
In formula, D is fine copper pipe laying pipe thickness.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105548353A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-05-04 | 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 | Ultrasonic coating detection method |
| CN108802049A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-11-13 | 上海大学 | Demarcate the method and its application of joint for resistance spot welding central defect |
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| CN108802049A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-11-13 | 上海大学 | Demarcate the method and its application of joint for resistance spot welding central defect |
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| CP03 | Change of name, title or address |
Address after: 110027 No. 26, Xihe Shibei street, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province Patentee after: Shenyang Metallurgical heavy equipment (Shenyang) Co., Ltd Address before: 110141 No. 2, SHENLIAO Road, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province Patentee before: China Nonferrous Metals (Shenyang) Metallurgical Machinery Co., Ltd |