CN104563927A - Borehole wall stabilization method applicable to underbalanced drilling and experimental device - Google Patents
Borehole wall stabilization method applicable to underbalanced drilling and experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104563927A CN104563927A CN201410721094.1A CN201410721094A CN104563927A CN 104563927 A CN104563927 A CN 104563927A CN 201410721094 A CN201410721094 A CN 201410721094A CN 104563927 A CN104563927 A CN 104563927A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010068052 Mosaicism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XQCFHQBGMWUEMY-ZPUQHVIOSA-N Nitrovin Chemical compound C=1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)OC=1\C=C\C(=NNC(=N)N)\C=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 XQCFHQBGMWUEMY-ZPUQHVIOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/005—Testing the nature of borehole walls or the formation by using drilling mud or cutting data
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Abstract
The invention relates to a borehole wall stabilization method applicable to underbalanced drilling and an experimental device. The method comprises the following steps: (1) determining stratum water activity of mud shale; (2) determining the pore pressure of a stratum to be drilled; (3) calculating the temperature of the stratum; (4) measuring the membrane efficiency of the stratum by using a membrane efficiency test experiment device; (5) determining the density of drilling fluid according to the liquid column pressure of the drilling fluid and borehole depth; (6) determining a difference value as an underbalanced value between the liquid column pressure of the drilling fluid and the pressure of the stratum if the density of the drilling fluid is determined, obtaining chemical potential difference by using the underbalanced value according to the principle that the total potential energy is balanced, and determining the activity of the drilling fluid according to the chemical potential difference and the stratum water activity; (7) adjusting the density or activity of the drilling fluid according to determined results so as to keep a borehole wall stable. The method has the beneficial effects that the action of chemical potential is taken into full consideration, the density of the drilling fluid at the time when the total potential energy of the stratum is kept balanced is given accurately, a drilling fluid filtrate is effectively prevented from invading the stratum, the stability of the borehole wall is improved, and the application and popularization of an underbalanced drilling technology are enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil drilling method, particularly a kind of wellbore stability method and experimental provision being applicable under balance pressure drilling.
Background technology
Under balance pressure drilling refers to the circulating pressure (comprising head of liquid and circulation back pressure) of drilling fluid in drilling process, lower than the pore pressure on stratum, makes the fluid on stratum have entering pit shaft and being recycled to the drilling technology on ground of control.Adopt under-balanced drilling technology namely can improve rate of penetration, extend bit life, reduce or eliminate leakage and differential sticking, improve drilling efficiency, reduce drilling well direct cost; Also can find new payzone, reduce oil-gas Layer soak time, alleviate or eliminate the intrusion injury of drilling fluid formation, thus available protecting oil-gas Layer, improve the cumulative production of reservoir.
Therefore, under-balanced drilling technology is at home and abroad widely used.From 2007, the U.S. completed under balance pressure drilling number every year all more than 12000 mouthfuls, accounted for 26% of annual drilling well sum, had become the one preferred technique opening reservoir; Domesticly widely popularize under-balanced drilling technology in recent years, by by 2012, China completes underbalance Jing1017Kou, and effect is remarkable; But the wellbore stability sex chromosome mosaicism of under balance pressure drilling is never effectively solved, become the major obstacle of restriction under-balanced drilling technology development.
The borehole well instability of under balance pressure drilling mostly occurs at mud shale interval.After mud shale stratum is opened, can there is pressure transmission and mass exchange with after the contact of stratum in drilling fluid, causes strata pressure to change and rock strength reduction, cause borehole well instability.Strata pressure transmits and mass exchange is mainly subject to two kinds of factor controllings: (1) waterpower potential difference between drilling well liquid columnpressure and formation pore pressure; (2) drilling fluid filtrate is with the difference in chemical potential between formation fluid.At present, the drilling fluid density of under balance pressure drilling designs according to the bearing capacity of formation collapsed pressure, formation pore pressure and equipment, only considered the impact of the transmission of waterpower potential difference formation pressure and mass exchange, namely head of liquid is kept to be less than formation pore pressure, and do not consider the impact of the transmission of chemical potential formation pressure and mass exchange, thus cause drilling filtrate invaded formation under the effect of chemical potential, cause cave-in, the down hole problems such as bit freezing.Therefore, only have and keep the waterpower potential difference between drilling fluid and formation fluid and difference in chemical potential to balance simultaneously, namely total potential-energy balance, just can prevent drilling fluid filtrate invaded formation, reduces formation strength, causes complex accident and pollutes stratum.
In sum, traditional Under-balanced drilling fluid density design method cannot be suitable for, and based on total potential-energy balance theory, invent a kind of simple, practical under balance pressure drilling wellbore stability method for designing most important under balance pressure drilling wellbore stability.
Chinese Patent Application No. is that the shale membrane efficiency determining instrument that the semi-permeable membrane efficiency tester announced of utility model patent of 200720187488.9 and the utility model patent of 200420089356.9 are announced all have employed and the electrical conductivity of the pellicle liquid of poised state compared with known conductivity, be converted into the indirect measurement method of semi-permeable membrane efficiency, only considered the change of pellicle fluidity matter under poised state, have ignored the impact on osmotic pressure and membrane efficiency of mud shale character and pore structure; Chinese Patent Application No. is test under the drilling-liquid semi-transparent film determiner of the utility model patent announcement of 200620034702.2 can only carry out normal temperature condition, membrane efficiency at actual formation temperature cannot be measured, only considered drilling fluid in drilling process simultaneously and, to the immersion of rock core, have ignored drilling fluid flowing in the wellbore; The development of membrane efficiency of shale analyzer, oil drilling technology, 11 phases in 2010, author, Zhang Yan, Xiang Xingjin, Yan Jienian, Wu Bin, Zhao Lei; By measuring the change of rock core two ends solution resistance rates, comparative evaluation's film forming efficiency of different drilling fluid system, can only analyze qualitatively, cannot be quantitative provide membrane efficiency of shale measurement result.Shale hydration-Coupling with Mechanics analogue experiment installation and pressure transportation experiment new technology and petroleum journal volume the 6th phase November the 26th in 2005 Xu place, Qiu Zhengsong, Lv Kaihe membrane efficiency of shale testing arrangement and Testing Technology Study petroleum machinery the 34th volume the 8th phase Lu in 2006 construct a canal, Qiu Zhengsong, although Xu Jiafang directly measures osmotic pressure and membrane efficiency, but the standard rock core of rule can only be utilized to carry out experiment, irregular rock core cannot be utilized and fall block and carry out experiment, and experimental provision is complicated, inconvenient execute-in-place uses.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly in view of the foregoing defects the prior art has, a kind of the wellbore stability method and the experimental provision that are applicable under balance pressure drilling are provided, the method can keep wellbore stability with simple equipment and operation sequence, improves the application of Unbalance technique.
Be applicable to a wellbore stability method under balance pressure drilling, comprise the following steps:
(1) isothermal adsorption is utilized to test the formation water activity gathering and determine mud shale;
(2) formation pore pressure to be drilled is determined according to offset well log data and formation pressure test data;
(3) according to the formation temperature data determination formation temperature of well logging during, or according to the geothermal gradient fo pination temperature in area;
(4) membrane efficiency experimental apparatus for testing is utilized to measure stratum membrane efficiency; Described membrane efficiency experimental apparatus for testing comprises SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1), insulating box (7), core holding unit (8), computer data acquisition system (19), back pressure regulator (21), liquid reserve tank (28), core holding unit (8) is placed in insulating box (7), SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1) provides pressure to the lower end drilling fluid of rock core for realizing and provides circulating pressure to the upper end drilling fluid of rock core, and back pressure regulator (21) is for keeping the flowing pressure of rock core blessing device (8) upper end drilling fluid constant; Computer data acquisition system (19) is for the temperature in Real-time Collection and record pressure and insulating box (7); Described core holding unit (8) comprises core holding unit upper end cover (29), core holding unit bottom end cover (30), epoxy resin (9) and sealing ring (31), rock core (10) is clipped between core holding unit upper end cover (29) and core holding unit bottom end cover (30), and the surrounding of rock core is wrapped to form the sample of rule by epoxy resin (9);
(5) if when determining to use certain drilling fluid, hygrometer is then utilized to measure stand-by drilling fluid activity, determine the difference in chemical potential between drilling fluid and formation fluid, again according to total potential-energy balance principle, utilize difference in chemical potential and formation pore pressure determination drilling well liquid columnpressure, according to drilling well liquid columnpressure and well depth determination drilling fluid density;
(6) if determine drilling fluid density, then determine that drilling well liquid columnpressure is under-voltage value with the difference between strata pressure, according to total potential-energy balance principle, utilize under-voltage value to obtain difference in chemical potential, then according to difference in chemical potential and formation water activity determination drilling fluid activity;
(7) wellbore stability is kept according to determination result adjustment drilling fluid density or activity.
Concrete grammar in above-mentioned step () is:
A () weighs several weight for (W
i) shale samples;
B shale samples to be placed in the baking oven of 200 °F 24 hours by (), then measure each dry shale samples weight (W
d);
C the initial moisture content of () then each shale samples is:
（1）
D the shale sample of oven dry is placed in the drier of different activity by ();
E () every day measures each sample weight, until weight is not in increase, and record weight
;
F () is according to the adsorbance of shale and the drier humidity drafting adsorption isothermal curve placing shale;
G () utilizes prime stratum water content determination prime stratum water activity a
shale.
SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1) in membrane efficiency experimental apparatus for testing in above-mentioned step (four) is connected with the lower end of core holding unit (8) by the lower end of the first high pressure line (2) through insulating box (7), the first high pressure line (2) is arranged the first valve (3), the first pressure sensor (5); SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1) provides pressure to the lower end drilling fluid of rock core for realizing and provides circulating pressure to the upper end drilling fluid of rock core; First valve (3) accommodates the turnover of device (8) lower end drilling fluid for controlling rock core; First pressure sensor (5) is used to indicate and records the drilling liquid pressure that rock core accommodates device (8) lower end; External second valve (4) between the first valve (3) and the first pressure sensor (5), the second valve (4) is for emptying or regulate rock core to accommodate the drilling liquid pressure of device (8) lower surface; When insulating box (7) is for providing and keeping membrane efficiency to test, rock core accommodates the temperature of device (8).
The experimental provision that what the present invention mentioned be applicable in the wellbore stability method of under balance pressure drilling, comprise SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1), insulating box (7), core holding unit (8), computer data acquisition system (19), back pressure regulator (21), liquid reserve tank (28), core holding unit (8) is placed in insulating box (7), SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1) provides pressure to the lower end drilling fluid of rock core for realizing and provides circulating pressure to the upper end drilling fluid of rock core, back pressure regulator (21) is for keeping the flowing pressure of rock core blessing device (8) upper end drilling fluid constant, computer data acquisition system (19) is for the temperature in Real-time Collection and record pressure and insulating box (7), described core holding unit (8) comprises core holding unit upper end cover (29), core holding unit bottom end cover (30), epoxy resin (9) and sealing ring (31), rock core (10) is clipped between core holding unit upper end cover (29) and core holding unit bottom end cover (30), and the surrounding of rock core is wrapped to form the sample of rule by epoxy resin (9).
Above-mentioned SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1) connects one end of the second high pressure line (11), the other end of the second high pressure line (11) is connected with the upper end entrance of core holding unit (8) through the upper end of insulating box (7), second high pressure line (11) is provided with the 3rd valve (12) and the second pressure sensor (13), 3rd valve (12) accommodates the inflow of device (8) upper end drilling fluid for controlling rock core, the second pressure sensor (13) is used to indicate and records the drilling liquid pressure that rock core accommodates device (8) porch, upper end;
One end of third high pressure pipeline (15) is connected with back pressure regulator (21), the other end is connected with the upper end outlet of core holding unit (8) through the upper end of insulating box (7), and third high pressure pipeline (15) is provided with the 4th valve (20) and the 3rd pressure sensor (16); 4th valve (20) accommodates the outflow of device (8) upper end drilling fluid for controlling rock core, 3rd pressure sensor (16) is used to indicate and records the drilling liquid pressure that rock core accommodates device (8) upper end outlet place, back pressure regulator (21) is for keeping the flowing pressure of rock core blessing device (8) upper end drilling fluid constant, 5th valve (23) is connected between the 4th valve (20) and back pressure regulator (21) by the 4th high pressure line (22), and the 5th valve (23) accommodates the circulating fluid of device (8) upper surface for emptying and displacement rock core;
One end of 5th high pressure line (27) is connected with back pressure regulator (21), and the other end is connected with the upper end of liquid reserve tank (28), and the 5th high pressure line (27) is provided with the 4th pressure sensor (25) and the 6th valve (26); 4th pressure sensor (25) is used to indicate and records the drilling liquid pressure in back pressure regulator (21) exit, 6th valve (26) is for controlling the outflow of back pressure regulator (21) exit drilling fluid, and liquid reserve tank (28) is for collecting the drilling fluid of circulation outflow;
Described computer data acquisition system (19) is respectively by the first data acquisition line concentration (6), second data acquisition line concentration (14), 3rd data acquisition line concentration (17), 4th data acquisition line concentration (18) is connected the first pressure sensor (5) with the 5th data acquisition line concentration (24), second pressure sensor (13), 3rd pressure sensor (16), insulating box 7 and the 4th pressure sensor (25), computer data acquisition system (19) is for Real-time Collection and record the first pressure sensor (5), second pressure sensor (13), 3rd pressure sensor (16), the pressure of the 4th pressure sensor (25) and the middle temperature of insulating box (7).
Above-mentioned core holding unit (8) comprises core holding unit upper end cover (29), core holding unit bottom end cover (30), epoxy resin (9) and sealing ring (31), rock core (10) is clipped between core holding unit upper end cover (29) and core holding unit bottom end cover (30), the surrounding of rock core is wrapped to form the sample of rule by epoxy resin (9), and fixing rock core prevents drilling fluid from oozing out from the side simultaneously; Core holding unit upper end cover (29) bottom surface contacted with rock core and core holding unit bottom end cover (30) end face respectively have a sealing ring (31), and sealing ring (31) is used for sealing rock core, preventing communicating of top bottom liquid;
The lower surface of above-mentioned core holding unit upper end cover (29) and the upper surface of core holding unit bottom end cover (30) are respectively equipped with groove, are convenient to the flowing of drilling fluid; Second high pressure line (11) is connected with core holding unit upper end cover (29) respectively with third high pressure pipeline (15), and the second high pressure line (2) is connected with core holding unit bottom end cover (30).
Relative to prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) taken into full account the effect of chemical potential, provided drilling fluid density when keeping the total potential-energy balance in stratum accurately, effectively prevent drilling fluid filtrate invaded formation, improve borehole wall stability, enhance the application of under-balanced drilling technology;
(2) when determining under-voltage value, wellbore stability can be kept by regulating drilling fluid activity, both improve rate of penetration, and extending bit life, turn improving drilling efficiency, ensureing and fast and safely creep into;
(3) method provided by the invention is simple and convenient, workable, and effect is good, has wide promotion prospect, has stronger directive significance to on-the-spot wellbore construction;
(4) epoxy sealing rock core is utilized in this membrane efficiency tester, overcome in research in the past the drawback cannot measured irregular rock core or fall block, solve the difficulty of the more difficult acquisition of test core, achieve the stratum membrane efficiency utilizing underground falling blocks can test different depth, improve the range of application of under-balanced drilling technology, directiveness is had more to scene application;
(5) this membrane efficiency tester adds insulating box, achieves and carries out membrane efficiency test experiments under the high temperature conditions, overcomes temperature fluctuation produces error drawback to test result.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is novel under balance pressure drilling wellbore stability computational methods flow chart proposed by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the experimental provision schematic diagram of test membrane efficiency of shale of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is core holding unit schematic diagram in insulating box;
Fig. 4 is core holding unit upper end cover bottom face profile;
Fig. 5 is core holding unit bottom end cover upper surface profile;
Fig. 6 is adsorption isothermal curve figure;
Fig. 7 is rock stratum pressure traverse figure
Fig. 8 is stratum normal pressure trend line chart;
In upper figure: SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1), first high pressure line (2), first valve (3), second valve (4), first pressure sensor (5), first data acquisition line concentration (6), insulating box (7), core holding unit (8), epoxy resin (9), rock core (10), second high pressure line (11), 3rd valve (12), second pressure sensor (13), second data acquisition line concentration (14), third high pressure pipeline (15), 3rd pressure sensor (16), 3rd data acquisition line concentration (17), 4th data acquisition line concentration (18), computer data acquisition system (19), 4th valve (20), back pressure regulator (21), 4th high pressure line (22), 5th valve (23), 5th data acquisition line concentration (24), 4th pressure sensor (25), 6th valve (26), 5th high pressure line (27), liquid reserve tank (28), core holding unit upper end cover (29), core holding unit bottom end cover (30), sealing ring (31).
Detailed description of the invention
The novel under balance pressure drilling well-bore stability technology that the present invention proposes, is described as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
One, utilize isothermal adsorption to test and acquire mud shale stratum water activity, concrete experimental technique is as follows:
(1) several weight is weighed for (W
i) shale samples;
(2) shale samples to be placed in the baking oven of 200 °F 24 hours, then to measure each dry shale samples weight (W
d);
(3) then the initial moisture content of each shale samples is:
（1）
(4) the shale sample of oven dry is placed in the drier of different activity;
(5) each sample weight is measured every day, until weight is not in increase, record weight
.
(6) adsorption isothermal curve is drawn according to the adsorbance of shale and the drier humidity of placement shale.
(7) prime stratum water content determination prime stratum activity a is utilized
shale, specifically as shown above, be 0.915 according to prime stratum shale water content determination prime stratum water activity.
Two, formation pore pressure to be drilled is determined according to offset well log data and formation pressure test data;
(1) formation density log data are utilized to calculate overburden pressure
s v .
（2）
In formula:
certain depth burden pressure gradient, g/cm
3;
s v overburden pressure, MPa;
be top without well-log information stratomere averag density, g/cm
3;
be top without well-log information stratomere thickness, m;
that the density of certain depth is fallen apart point data, g/cm
3;
depth interval,
;
hwell depth, m.Calculate according to log data and can obtain figure below overburden pressure section.
(2) utilize the 3-5 mouth well acoustic travel time logging data of closing on to set up the normal compaction trend line of this regional stratum, determine coefficient A and B in following formula.
（3）
In formula
the stratum interval transit time at degree of depth h place, μ s/m; H is vertical depth, m; A and B is normal trend line coefficient.The pressure trend line set up is as shown below.
(3) stratum index c is asked for according to stratum overburden pressure and actual formation testing data by following formula.
（4）
Wherein,
s v for overburden pressure, MPa;
p n for normally stressor layer, MPa;
p p for actual formation pressure, MPa; D
t n for the interval transit time on predetermined depth normal trend line, μ s/m; D
t s for the actual interval transit time in predetermined depth stratum, μ s/m;
(4) Eton formulae discovery formation pore pressure is utilized:
（5）
Wherein,
cfor regional index,
p p for the actual formation pressure of prediction, MPa; .
Three, both can according to the formation temperature data determination formation temperature of well logging during, also can according to the geothermal gradient in area by following formula fo pination temperature.
In formula
it is stratum absolute temperature gradient;
ground mean temperature, DEG C;
regional geothermal gradient, DEG C/100m; H is depth of stratum, m.
Four, utilize membrane efficiency experimental apparatus for testing to measure stratum membrane efficiency, concrete method is as follows;
As shown in Figure 2, membrane efficiency experimental apparatus for testing, comprising: SERVO CONTROL injection pump 1, insulating box 7, core holding unit 8, computer data acquisition system 19, back pressure regulator 21, liquid reserve tank 28, and core holding unit 8 is placed in insulating box 7.
Described SERVO CONTROL injection pump 1 is connected with the lower end of core holding unit 8 by the lower end of the first high pressure line 2 through insulating box 7, the first high pressure line 2 is arranged the first valve 3, first pressure sensor 5; SERVO CONTROL injection pump 1 provides pressure to the lower end drilling fluid of rock core for realizing and provides circulating pressure to the upper end drilling fluid of rock core; First valve 3 accommodates the turnover of device 8 lower end drilling fluid for controlling rock core; First pressure sensor 5 is used to indicate and records the drilling liquid pressure that rock core accommodates device 8 lower end; Between the first valve 3 and the first pressure sensor 5, external second valve 4, second valve 4 is for emptying or the drilling liquid pressure regulating rock core blessing device 8 lower surface; When insulating box 7 is for providing and keeping membrane efficiency to test, rock core accommodates the temperature of device 8.
One end of second high pressure line 11 is connected with SERVO CONTROL injection pump 1, the other end is connected with the upper end entrance of core holding unit 8 through the upper end of insulating box 7, second high pressure line 11 is provided with the 3rd valve 12 and the second pressure sensor 13,3rd valve 12 accommodates the inflow of device 8 upper end drilling fluid for controlling rock core, the second pressure sensor 13 is used to indicate and records the drilling liquid pressure that rock core accommodates porch, device 8 upper end.
One end of third high pressure pipeline 15 is connected with back pressure regulator 21, and the other end is connected with the upper end outlet of core holding unit 8 through the upper end of insulating box 7, and third high pressure pipeline 15 is provided with the 4th valve 20 and the 3rd pressure sensor 16; 4th valve 20 accommodates the outflow of device 8 upper end drilling fluid for controlling rock core, 3rd pressure sensor 16 is used to indicate and records the drilling liquid pressure that rock core accommodates device 8 upper end outlet place, and back pressure regulator 21 is for keeping the flowing pressure of rock core blessing device 8 upper end drilling fluid constant.5th valve 23 is connected between the 4th valve 20 and back pressure regulator 21 by the 4th high pressure line 22, and the 5th valve 23 accommodates the circulating fluid of device 8 upper surface for emptying and displacement rock core.
One end of 5th high pressure line 27 is connected with back pressure regulator 21, and the other end is connected with the upper end of liquid reserve tank 28, and the 5th high pressure line 27 is provided with the 4th pressure sensor 25 and the 6th valve 26; 4th pressure sensor 25 is used to indicate and records the drilling liquid pressure in back pressure regulator 21 exit, and the 6th valve 26 is for controlling the outflow of back pressure regulator 21 exit drilling fluid, and liquid reserve tank 28 is for collecting the drilling fluid of circulation outflow.
Described computer data acquisition system 19 is connected the first pressure sensor 5, second pressure sensor 13, the 3rd pressure sensor 16, insulating box 7 and the 4th pressure sensor 25 respectively by the first data acquisition line concentration 6, second data acquisition line concentration 14, the 3rd data acquisition line concentration 17, the 4th data acquisition line concentration 18 with the 5th data acquisition line concentration 24, and computer data acquisition system 19 is for temperature in Real-time Collection and record the first pressure sensor 5, second pressure sensor 13, the 3rd pressure sensor 16, the pressure of the 4th pressure sensor 25 and insulating box 7.
As shown in Figure 3, described core holding unit 8, comprise: core holding unit upper end cover 29, core holding unit bottom end cover 30, epoxy resin 9 and sealing ring 31, rock core 10 is clipped between core holding unit upper end cover 29 and core holding unit bottom end cover 30, the surrounding of rock core is wrapped to form the sample of rule by epoxy resin 9, and fixing rock core prevents drilling fluid from oozing out from the side simultaneously; Core holding unit upper end cover 29 bottom surface contacted with rock core and core holding unit bottom end cover 30 end face respectively have a sealing ring 31, and sealing ring 31 is used for sealing rock core, preventing communicating of top bottom liquid.As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, the lower surface of core holding unit upper end cover 29 and the upper surface of core holding unit bottom end cover 30 are respectively equipped with groove, are convenient to the flowing of drilling fluid; Second high pressure line 11 is connected with core holding unit upper end cover 29 respectively with third high pressure pipeline 15, and the second high pressure line 2 is connected with core holding unit bottom end cover 30.
As shown in Figure 4, core holding unit upper end cover 29 bottom face section is with fluted, is convenient to the flowing of drilling fluid at core entry end face;
As shown in Figure 5, core holding unit bottom end cover 30 upper surface section is with fluted, is convenient to the flowing of drilling fluid at rock core exit end face;
Wherein, the method for analogue membrane efficiency test experiment, utilize above-mentioned experimental provision, specific experiment step is as follows:
(1), drilling fluid, formation fluid and rock core to be tested is prepared;
(2), by rock core 10 to be tested be placed in epoxy resin 9, make the standard sample that test needs, be arranged on core holding unit 8 by standard sample to be tested, and be placed in insulating box 7, in regulating constant incubator 7, temperature is design temperature;
(3), rock core saturation stage
1. in SERVO CONTROL injection pump 1, formation fluid is filled it up with; Open the first valve 3, all the other valves are all in closed condition, SERVO CONTROL injection pump 1 is utilized progressively to inject formation fluid to core holding unit 8 bottom and increase pressure, until the pressure value that the first pressure sensor 5 shows reaches setting value, after stable, close the first valve 3;
2. open the 3rd valve the 12, four valve 20 and the 5th valve 23, first valve 3, second valve 4 and the 6th valve 26 and be all in closed condition; SERVO CONTROL injection pump 1 is utilized progressively to inject formation fluid to core holding unit 8 top, formation fluid core holding unit 8 top circulates, when formation fluid flows out in the 5th valve 23 exit, close the 5th valve 23, regulate back pressure regulator 21, open the 6th valve 26, utilize SERVO CONTROL injection pump 1 and back pressure regulator 21 to control core holding unit 8 top and circulate pressure and be greater than bottom pressure 0.5MPa, and keep constant.
3. computer data acquisition system 19 is utilized to gather and record the first pressure sensor 5, second pressure sensor 13, the 3rd pressure sensor 16 and the 4th pressure sensor 25 pressure data, observe the second pressure sensor 13 and the 3rd pressure sensor 16, if there is larger difference, duct blocking is then described, the failure of an experiment, if pressure is equal, then experiment is normal; Now observe the pressure data of the first pressure sensor 5, when the pressure of same 3rd pressure sensor 16 of the first pressure sensor 5 is equal, then rock core saturation stage completes.
(4), membrane efficiency test phase
1., after rock core saturation stage completes, SERVO CONTROL injection pump 1 inner fluid is replaced with design drilling fluid; And inject progressively to core holding unit 8 top, until the drilling liquid flow that circulation is flowed out is in liquid reserve tank 28.
2. the maximum differential pressure recorded according to the 3rd pressure sensor 16 and the first pressure sensor 5 is exactly the actual bulbs of pressure
s measure.
(5), after test experiments completes, open the second valve 4, the 4th valve 20, the 5th valve 23 and the 6th valve 26, close the first valve 3 and the 3rd valve 12; By earth pressure release, fluid is released, and then removal of core, tests complete.
(6), membrane efficiency calculates.
First theoretical osmotic pressure is calculated according to following formula;
gas constant, 8.314J/ (mol*K),
absolute temperature, K,
the partial molar volume L/mol of water,
bottom fluid activity,
top circulation of fluid activity.
Recycling formula 7 calculates membrane efficiency
If five when determining to use certain drilling fluid, hygrometer is then utilized to measure stand-by drilling fluid activity, determine the difference in chemical potential between drilling fluid and formation fluid, according to total potential-energy balance principle, utilize difference in chemical potential and formation pore pressure determination drilling well liquid columnpressure, according to drilling well liquid columnpressure and well depth determination drilling fluid density;
If six determine under-voltage value (drilling well liquid columnpressure is with the difference between strata pressure), according to total potential-energy balance principle, utilize under-voltage value determination difference in chemical potential, then according to difference in chemical potential and formation water activity determination drilling fluid activity.
Seven, wellbore stability is kept according to determination result adjustment drilling fluid density or activity.
Wherein, total potential energy computing formula is as follows:
1., when known drilling fluid activity, computational methods are as follows:
Wherein, the difference in chemical potential computing formula between drilling fluid and formation fluid is as follows:
In formula,
for the chemical potential of pure water,
gas constant,
absolute temperature,
the partial molar volume of water,
drilling filtrate activity,
it is mud shale stratum water activity.
Formula (9) being brought into borehole wall head of liquid when formula (8) can obtain total potential-energy balance is:
In formula,
for formation water pore pressure,
for borehole wall head of liquid,
for membrane efficiency.
Wherein, equivalent drilling fluid density computing formula is as follows:
In formula,
for equivalent drilling fluid density, H is vertical depth.
2. known under-voltage value, computational methods are as follows:
Bring formula (9) into formula (8) to obtain
In formula,
for under-voltage value.
Wherein, drilling fluid activity computing formula is as follows:
Claims (7)
1. be applicable to a wellbore stability method under balance pressure drilling, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) isothermal adsorption is utilized to test the formation water activity gathering and determine mud shale;
(2) formation pore pressure to be drilled is determined according to offset well log data and formation pressure test data;
(3) according to the formation temperature data determination formation temperature of well logging during, or according to the geothermal gradient fo pination temperature in area;
(4) membrane efficiency experimental apparatus for testing is utilized to measure stratum membrane efficiency; Described membrane efficiency experimental apparatus for testing comprises SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1), insulating box (7), core holding unit (8), computer data acquisition system (19), back pressure regulator (21), liquid reserve tank (28), core holding unit (8) is placed in insulating box (7), SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1) provides pressure to the lower end drilling fluid of rock core for realizing and provides circulating pressure to the upper end drilling fluid of rock core, and back pressure regulator (21) is for keeping the flowing pressure of rock core blessing device (8) upper end drilling fluid constant; Computer data acquisition system (19) is for the temperature in Real-time Collection and record pressure and insulating box (7); Described core holding unit (8) comprises core holding unit upper end cover (29), core holding unit bottom end cover (30), epoxy resin (9) and sealing ring (31), rock core (10) is clipped between core holding unit upper end cover (29) and core holding unit bottom end cover (30), and the surrounding of rock core is wrapped to form the sample of rule by epoxy resin (9);
(5) if when determining to use certain drilling fluid, hygrometer is then utilized to measure stand-by drilling fluid activity, determine the difference in chemical potential between drilling fluid and formation fluid, again according to total potential-energy balance principle, utilize difference in chemical potential and formation pore pressure determination drilling well liquid columnpressure, according to drilling well liquid columnpressure and well depth determination drilling fluid density;
(6) if determine drilling fluid density, then determine that drilling well liquid columnpressure is under-voltage value with the difference between strata pressure, according to total potential-energy balance principle, utilize under-voltage value to obtain difference in chemical potential, then according to difference in chemical potential and formation water activity determination drilling fluid activity;
(7) wellbore stability is kept according to determination result adjustment drilling fluid density or activity.
2. the wellbore stability method being applicable under balance pressure drilling according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the concrete grammar in described step () is:
A () weighs several weight for (W
i) shale samples;
B shale samples to be placed in the baking oven of 200 °F 24 hours by (), then measure each dry shale samples weight (W
d);
C the initial moisture content of () then each shale samples is:
D the shale sample of oven dry is placed in the drier of different activity by ();
E () every day measures each sample weight, until weight is not in increase, and record weight
;
F () is according to the adsorbance of shale and the drier humidity drafting adsorption isothermal curve placing shale;
G () utilizes prime stratum water content determination prime stratum water activity a
shale.
3. the wellbore stability method being applicable under balance pressure drilling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1) in the membrane efficiency experimental apparatus for testing in described step (four) is connected with the lower end of core holding unit (8) by the lower end of the first high pressure line (2) through insulating box (7), the first high pressure line (2) is arranged the first valve (3), the first pressure sensor (5); SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1) provides pressure to the lower end drilling fluid of rock core for realizing and provides circulating pressure to the upper end drilling fluid of rock core; First valve (3) accommodates the turnover of device (8) lower end drilling fluid for controlling rock core; First pressure sensor (5) is used to indicate and records the drilling liquid pressure that rock core accommodates device (8) lower end; External second valve (4) between the first valve (3) and the first pressure sensor (5), the second valve (4) is for emptying or regulate rock core to accommodate the drilling liquid pressure of device (8) lower surface; When insulating box (7) is for providing and keeping membrane efficiency to test, rock core accommodates the temperature of device (8).
4. one kind is applied to the experimental provision be applicable in the wellbore stability method of under balance pressure drilling according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: comprise SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1), insulating box (7), core holding unit (8), computer data acquisition system (19), back pressure regulator (21), liquid reserve tank (28), core holding unit (8) is placed in insulating box (7), SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1) provides pressure to the lower end drilling fluid of rock core for realizing and provides circulating pressure to the upper end drilling fluid of rock core, back pressure regulator (21) is for keeping the flowing pressure of rock core blessing device (8) upper end drilling fluid constant, computer data acquisition system (19) is for the temperature in Real-time Collection and record pressure and insulating box (7), described core holding unit (8) comprises core holding unit upper end cover (29), core holding unit bottom end cover (30), epoxy resin (9) and sealing ring (31), rock core (10) is clipped between core holding unit upper end cover (29) and core holding unit bottom end cover (30), and the surrounding of rock core is wrapped to form the sample of rule by epoxy resin (9).
5. the experimental provision be applicable in the wellbore stability method of under balance pressure drilling according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described SERVO CONTROL injection pump (1) connects one end of the second high pressure line (11), the other end of the second high pressure line (11) is connected with the upper end entrance of core holding unit (8) through the upper end of insulating box (7), second high pressure line (11) is provided with the 3rd valve (12) and the second pressure sensor (13), 3rd valve (12) accommodates the inflow of device (8) upper end drilling fluid for controlling rock core, second pressure sensor (13) is used to indicate and records the drilling liquid pressure that rock core accommodates device (8) porch, upper end,
One end of third high pressure pipeline (15) is connected with back pressure regulator (21), the other end is connected with the upper end outlet of core holding unit (8) through the upper end of insulating box (7), and third high pressure pipeline (15) is provided with the 4th valve (20) and the 3rd pressure sensor (16); 4th valve (20) accommodates the outflow of device (8) upper end drilling fluid for controlling rock core, 3rd pressure sensor (16) is used to indicate and records the drilling liquid pressure that rock core accommodates device (8) upper end outlet place, back pressure regulator (21) is for keeping the flowing pressure of rock core blessing device (8) upper end drilling fluid constant, 5th valve (23) is connected between the 4th valve (20) and back pressure regulator (21) by the 4th high pressure line (22), and the 5th valve (23) accommodates the circulating fluid of device (8) upper surface for emptying and displacement rock core;
One end of 5th high pressure line (27) is connected with back pressure regulator (21), and the other end is connected with the upper end of liquid reserve tank (28), and the 5th high pressure line (27) is provided with the 4th pressure sensor (25) and the 6th valve (26); 4th pressure sensor (25) is used to indicate and records the drilling liquid pressure in back pressure regulator (21) exit, 6th valve (26) is for controlling the outflow of back pressure regulator (21) exit drilling fluid, and liquid reserve tank (28) is for collecting the drilling fluid of circulation outflow;
Described computer data acquisition system (19) is respectively by the first data acquisition line concentration (6), second data acquisition line concentration (14), 3rd data acquisition line concentration (17), 4th data acquisition line concentration (18) is connected the first pressure sensor (5) with the 5th data acquisition line concentration (24), second pressure sensor (13), 3rd pressure sensor (16), insulating box 7 and the 4th pressure sensor (25), computer data acquisition system (19) is for Real-time Collection and record the first pressure sensor (5), second pressure sensor (13), 3rd pressure sensor (16), the pressure of the 4th pressure sensor (25) and the middle temperature of insulating box (7).
6. the experimental provision be applicable in the wellbore stability method of under balance pressure drilling according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described core holding unit (8) comprises core holding unit upper end cover (29), core holding unit bottom end cover (30), epoxy resin (9) and sealing ring (31), rock core (10) is clipped between core holding unit upper end cover (29) and core holding unit bottom end cover (30), the surrounding of rock core is wrapped to form the sample of rule by epoxy resin (9), and fixing rock core prevents drilling fluid from oozing out from the side simultaneously; Core holding unit upper end cover (29) bottom surface contacted with rock core and core holding unit bottom end cover (30) end face respectively have a sealing ring (31), and sealing ring (31) is used for sealing rock core, preventing communicating of top bottom liquid.
7. the experimental provision be applicable in the wellbore stability method of under balance pressure drilling according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the lower surface of described core holding unit upper end cover (29) and the upper surface of core holding unit bottom end cover (30) are respectively equipped with groove, are convenient to the flowing of drilling fluid; Second high pressure line (11) is connected with core holding unit upper end cover (29) respectively with third high pressure pipeline (15), and the second high pressure line (2) is connected with core holding unit bottom end cover (30).
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