CN104562166B - Filter residual liquid draining and recycling system - Google Patents
Filter residual liquid draining and recycling system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104562166B CN104562166B CN201410845714.2A CN201410845714A CN104562166B CN 104562166 B CN104562166 B CN 104562166B CN 201410845714 A CN201410845714 A CN 201410845714A CN 104562166 B CN104562166 B CN 104562166B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- pipeline
- liquid
- valve
- emptying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a filter residual liquid draining and recycling system which comprises an electroplate liquid medicine tank, a filter pump and a filter, wherein the liquid outlet of the electroplate liquid medicine tank is connected to a to-be-filtered liquid inlet of the filter through a first pipeline, the filtering pump and a second pipeline in sequence, and a feed valve is arranged on the first pipeline; the liquid outlet of the filter is communicated to the liquid inlet of the electroplate liquid medicine tank through a third pipeline, and a water producing valve is arranged on the third pipeline; a residual filter liquor discharging opening is formed in the bottom of the filter, and is connected to a waste discharging opening through a waste liquor discharging pipeline, and a first blowoff valve is arranged on the waste liquor discharging pipeline; a residual electroplate liquid discharging opening is connected to a position between the water producing valve and the liquid inlet on the third pipeline through a draining reuse pipeline, and a second drain valve and an additional filtering device are both arranged on the draining reuse pipeline. Therefore, the residual electroplate liquid in the filter can be reused, the problem of electroplate liquid loss and waste in the prior art is solved, the enterprise production cost is reduced, and waste water yield is also reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to liquid filtration treatment art, refers in particular to a kind of filter residual liquid emptying reuse system
System.
Background technology
Technique, operational control are frequently encountered in electroplating process under normal conditions, it is unsatisfactory to plate out product, hair
Bad products Jing such as thorn, pit are often produced, in practice it has proved that this has direct relation with the cleanliness factor of plating solution.How electroplate liquid is controlled
Cleaning and plate surface handling rate, the effect of filter can not be despised, therefore, in today that electroplating industry is developed rapidly,
Filter apparatus have very important status.
However, tradition plating liquid filter is remained in some shortcomings, after its filter element is using a period of time, it is impossible to meet matter
Amount demand, needs staff to pull down cleaning or re-replace new filter element, increased labor cost, in cleaning, replacing filter element, its
The expensive electroplate liquid of value is also drained with waste liquid, wastes electroplate liquid, wastes water source, also generates waste water, and subsequently filter
The installation of core depends on the technology and working sense of responsibility of workman, easily causes filter element blow-by, and tank liquor effectively can not be filtered,
Filter effect is difficult to ensure that.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to work out a kind of new technical scheme to solve the above problems, to reduce enterprise's production capacity, enter one
Step promotes electroplating industry development.
The content of the invention
In view of this, disappearance of the present invention for prior art presence, its main purpose are to provide a kind of filter residual
Emptying rate of liquid reclaiming system, which is recycled to the electroplate liquid remained in filter, is electroplated in solving conventional art
Liquid is lost in the problem for wasting, and reduces enterprise's production capacity, decreases waste water yield.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is using such as purgation technical scheme：
A kind of filter residual liquid empties reclaiming system, including electroplate liquid drug slot, filter pump and filter, wherein, should
Electroplate liquid drug slot has inlet and liquid outlet, and the filters need filtrate inlet and filtrate (liquid；The electroplate liquid drug slot
Liquid outlet successively the first pipelines of Jing, filter pump and second pipe be connected to arrange on filter treat filtrate inlet, the first pipe
Water intaking valve is provided with road；The 3rd pipelines of filtrate (liquid Jing arranged on the filter are connected to the inlet of electroplate liquid drug slot,
Product water valve is provided with 3rd pipeline；The filter bottom offers residue filtrate floss hole, residue filtrate floss hole Jing
Discharging of waste liquid pipeline is connected to discharge of wastewater mouth, is provided with first emptying valve on the discharging of waste liquid pipeline；And, the residue filtrate is arranged
Put a mouthful Jing emptying reuse pipelines and be connected on the 3rd pipeline position, the emptying reuse pipeline and waste liquid between product water valve and inlet
Discharge tube communicates with each other, and is respectively arranged with second emptying valve and additional defecator on the emptying reuse pipeline.
Used as a kind of preferred version, the additional defecator is filter stick.
Used as a kind of preferred version, the filter deployment has for the real-time rinse bath for rinsing is carried out to filter, should
The bottom of rinse bath offers cleaning discard solution discharge port, and the useless floss hole Jing pipeline communications of the cleanout fluid are in said debris discharge tube
Position between upper first emptying valve and discharge of wastewater mouth.
Used as a kind of preferred version, the filter deployment has the compressed air for residue filtrate in filter is extruded
Supply source, the compressed air supply source Jing pipelines are connected in filter.
The present invention has clear advantage and beneficial effect compared with prior art, specifically, by above-mentioned technical proposal
Understand, which mainly empties reuse pipeline, first emptying valve, additional defecator etc. and arranges, by the plating remained in filter
Liquid has carried out recycling to electroplate liquid drug slot, and the electroplate liquid that costliness is worth in solving conventional art being drained with waste liquid and being wasted
Problem, reduce enterprise's production capacity, saved water source, decrease waste water yield.
More clearly to illustrate the architectural feature and effect of the present invention, come to this with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
It is bright to be described in detail.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that intelligently filters control system automatically controls step sequence diagram in embodiments of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing identifier declaration：
10th, electroplate liquid drug slot 20, rinse bath
30th, filter pump 40, filter
50th, filter stick 60, waste water processing station
70th, pure water access port 80, compressed air supply source
90th, pressure transducer
BV01, water intaking valve BV02, cleaning water intaking valve
BV03, product water valve BV04, pure water backwash valve
BV05, pure water water compensating valve BV06, air bleeding valve
BV07, gas pressure water valve BV08, gas back flushing valve
BV09, cleaning reflux inlet BV10, clean-drain valve
BV11, first emptying valve BV12, second emptying valve
1., the first pipeline 2., second pipe
3., the 3rd pipeline 4., the 4th pipeline
5., the 5th pipeline 6., the 6th pipeline
7., the 7th pipeline 8., the 8th pipeline
9., the 9th pipeline 10., the tenth pipeline
, the 11st pipeline（Discharging of waste liquid pipeline）
, the 12nd pipeline（Emptying reuse pipeline）
, the 13rd pipeline.
Specific embodiment
Refer to shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, that show the concrete structure of embodiments of the present invention；The emptying of the present invention is returned
Go for various filtration systems with system, herein, explain by taking the filtration system shown in Fig. 1 as an example.
The intelligently filters control system, includes intelligent control panel（Not shown in figure）, electroplate liquid drug slot 10, rinse bath
20th, filter pump 30 and filter 40；Wherein, the electroplate liquid drug slot 10 has inlet and a liquid outlet, its liquid outlet Jing the successively
One pipeline 1., filter pump 30 and second pipe be 2. connected to arrange on filter 40 treat filtrate inlet, 1. first pipeline is gone up
It is provided with water intaking valve BV01；3. the 3rd pipelines of filtrate (liquid Jing arranged on the filter 40 are connected to entering for electroplate liquid drug slot 10
Liquid mouth, the 3rd pipeline 3. on be provided with product water valve BV03.
4. the inlet of the rinse bath 20 is gone up by the 4th pipeline 4. externally connected pure water access port 70, and the 4th pipeline
It is provided with pure water water compensating valve BV05；The 5th pipelines of liquid outlet Jing of the rinse bath 20 be 5. connected to the first pipeline 1. go up water intaking valve with
Position between filter pump 30, and the 5th pipeline 5. on be provided with cleaning water intaking valve BV02；70 Jing of the pure water access port the 6th is managed
6. road is connected to that the 3rd pipeline is 3. upper to produce position between water valve BV03 and filter 40, and the 6th pipeline 6. on be provided with pure water
Backwash valve BV04.
The filter 40 is configured with compressed air supply source 80, presses for gas the 7th pipeline of water 7. and anti-for gas
The 8th pipeline washed 8., the compressed air supply source 80 be connected to the 7th pipeline 7. with the 8th pipeline 8. between, the 8th pipeline
8. the other end is then connected to the 3rd pipeline and 3. goes up position between pure water water compensating valve BV05 and filter 40, and 8. the 8th pipeline is gone up
It is provided with gas back flushing valve BV08；7. the other end is then connected to the cleaning bypass outlet arrange on filter 40 to 7th pipeline,
7th pipeline 7. on be provided with gas pressure water valve BV07,9. the 9th pipelines of cleaning bypass outlet Jing be connected to rinse bath 20,
And the 9th pipeline 9. 7. communicate with each other with the 7th pipeline, the 9th pipeline 9. on be provided with cleaning reflux inlet BV09；9th
9. between upper cleaning reflux inlet BV09 and cleaning bypass outlet, 10. the tenth pipeline of position is connected to discharge of wastewater mouth to pipeline, and this
Ten pipelines 10. on be provided with air bleeding valve BV06.
40 bottom of filter offers residue filtrate floss hole, the 11st pipelines of residue filtrate floss hole Jing（It is useless
Liquid discharge tube）Discharge of wastewater mouth is connected to, on the 11st pipeline, first emptying valve BV11 is provided with；Aforementioned rinse bath 20
Bottom also offer cleaning discard solution discharge port, the 13rd pipelines of cleaning discard solution discharge port Jing are connected to the 11st pipeline
Position between upper first emptying valve BV11 and discharge of wastewater mouth, is provided with clean-drain valve BV10 on the 13rd pipeline.
The 12nd pipelines of residue filtrate floss hole Jing（Emptying reuse pipeline）It is connected to the 3rd pipeline 3. upper product water valve
Position between BV01 and inlet, and the 12nd pipeline communicated with each other with the 11st pipeline, on the 12nd pipeline
Second emptying valve BV12 and additional defecator are respectively arranged with, herein, the additional defecator is filter stick 50.
Relevant parameter is set by aforementioned intelligent control panel, the fully automatic operation of the intelligently filters control system is realized；
In plating production, dust is might have in electroplate liquid, the burr dropped on hanger is also had, anode is likely to produce sun in addition
Pole mud, these impurity are likely to float and form flaw on part to be plated, are circulated filtration electricity using the filtration control system
Plating solution, its filtering accuracy≤0.1um, can reduce the generation of such substandard products.
Incorporated by reference to shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in the intelligently filters control system, filter 40 is configured with pressure transducer, passes through
Pressure transducer sensing pressure judges whether filter needs cleaning, when its sensing pressure is less than setting numerical value（E.g., less than
2bar）, filtration system normally runs, and filters electroplate liquid using circulating filtration mode；Now, water intaking valve BV01, product water valve BV03
Open, remaining valve then cuts out；
When pressure is sensed more than setting numerical value（Such as more than 2bar）, illustrate that filter 40 produces certain dirt and blocks up,
Need to start cleaning procedure, circulating filtration operation reaches the pressure limit of pre- front setting（Or the time of setting）, circulating filtration
Program stopped runs, and system can be automatically into function recoil/be washed, and cleaning procedure has the following steps：
（a）Before washing, first carry out first time emptying process（Emptying 1-1 shown in Fig. 2）, compressed air is opened, incited somebody to action
In filter 40, residue filtrate is drained back in electroplate liquid drug slot 10 through the filtrate (liquid of filter 40, it is to avoid the filtrate of residual（Plating
Liquid）Being lost in cleanout fluid and causing to waste, now, produce water valve BV03, gas pressure water valve BV07 and open, remaining valve then cuts out；
The step of cleaning procedure（a）Afterwards, can be emptied again on demand（Emptying 1-2 shown in Fig. 2）, open
Compressed air, residue filtrate floss hole of the residue filtrate in filter 40 through filter 40 is discharged, and is filtered by filter stick 50
After drain back in electroplate liquid drug slot 10, will further remain in the electroplate liquid in filter 40 and emptied, returned with reaching as far as possible
The purpose of electroplate liquid is received, now, gas pressure water valve BV07, second emptying valve BV12 are opened, and remaining valve then cuts out；
B () closes compressed air, filter pump 50 conveys medicine wash water and cleaning is circulated in filter 40 to filtering
Device 40 carries out the positive cleaning of medicine wash water circulation；（The selection of cleaning agent will see that what the pollutant of this kind of plating solution are）, now, the
Two exhaust-valve BV02, cleaning reflux inlet BV09 are opened, and remaining valve then cuts out；
C () clear Xian reaches the presetting time, open compressed air and carry out mixing wastewater with air from the inside to the outside and recoil Xian, air water
Cleaning foam is mixed to form, the time of its recoil Xian could be arranged to 30s, now, second emptying valve BV02, cleaning reflux inlet
BV09 is opened, and during this period, gas back flushing valve BV08 batch (-type)s start, and its number of starts can be changed by control program；
D () recoil Xian reaches the presetting time after, stop mixing wastewater with air and recoil after Xian, open compressed air, carry out the
Secondary emptying process（Emptying 2 as shown in Figure 2）, the medicine wash water inherent filtration device 40 retained in filter 40 treated into that filtrate inlet is arranged
Return in clear Xian's groove 20, then clear Xian's groove 20 is emptied medicine wash water is reclaimed, it is to avoid waste medicine wash water, now, the second emptying
Valve BV02, gas pressure water valve BV07 are opened, and remaining valve then cuts out；
（e）After aforementioned medicine wash water emptying, because remaining medicine wash water in filter 40, directly operation can be by the medicine wash water of part
Bring in electroplate liquid drug slot 10, so cleaning needs to carry out reverse flushing to filter 40 with pure water after terminating, it is further right
Filter 40 is cleaned and rinses cleanout fluid well, it is to avoid electroplate liquid is polluted；After i.e. aforementioned clear Xian's groove 20 is emptied
Clear water is filled to which, gas and clean clear water mixing recoil Xian 30s, now, pure water backwash valve BV04, row are carried out to filter 40
Air valve BV06, gas back flushing valve BV08 are opened, and remaining valve then cuts out；
F () cleaning is completed, flushing needs to empty this flushing liquor after terminating, it is to avoid flushing liquor brings electroplate liquid drug slot 10 into
It is interior, herein, by the flushing liquor inherent filtration device 40 in filter 40 being treated, filtrate inlet drains into discharge of wastewater, will filter
40 emptyings, empty 3 as shown in Figure 2；Now, gas pressure water valve BV07, first emptying valve BV11 are opened, and remaining valve then cuts out；
Aforementioned cleaning procedure is completed, advance setting time is reached, system can be automatically into normal filtration program.
It should be noted that aforementioned air-water backwashing frequency number of times, flexibly can be arranged, such as on demand：Medicine wash water circulating flushing
Wash 300 seconds, when medicine is washed, air purge number of times is that an air purge will be carried out per 60 seconds in 5 times, i.e., 300 second；And, between These steps
Buffer time, also flexibly can arrange on demand, should to need aerofluxuss, to eliminate foam etc. in good time.
When the medicine wash water in rinse bath 20 fails, need to discharge medicine wash water, open clean-drain valve BV10, by failure
The cleaned discard solution discharge port of medicine wash water, the 13rd pipeline, discharge of wastewater mouth are discharged, and discharge of wastewater mouth can connect wastewater treatment
Stand（As shown in emptying 4 in Fig. 2）.
The design focal point of the present invention is which mainly empties reuse pipeline, first emptying valve, additional defecator etc. and sets
Put, the electroplate liquid remained in filter has been carried out recycling to electroplate liquid drug slot, value is expensive in solving conventional art
Electroplate liquid problem that draining with waste liquid and wasting, reduce enterprise's production capacity, saved water source, decrease waste water generation
Amount.
The above, is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not the technical scope of the present invention is imposed any restrictions,
Therefore any trickle amendment, equivalent variations and the modification made to above example by every technical spirit according to the present invention, still
Belong in the range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of filter residual liquid empties reclaiming system, it is characterised in that：Including electroplate liquid drug slot, filter pump and filtration
Device, wherein, the electroplate liquid drug slot has inlet and liquid outlet, and the filters need filtrate inlet and filtrate (liquid；The electricity
The liquid outlet of plating solution drug slot successively the first pipelines of Jing, filter pump and second pipe be connected to arrange on filter treat that filtrate enters
Mouthful, water intaking valve is provided with first pipeline；The 3rd pipelines of filtrate (liquid Jing arranged on the filter are connected to electroplate liquid medicine
The inlet of groove, is provided with product water valve on the 3rd pipeline；The filter bottom offers residue filtrate floss hole, and the residual is filtered
Liquid floss hole Jing discharging of waste liquid pipelines are connected to discharge of wastewater mouth, are provided with first emptying valve on the discharging of waste liquid pipeline；And, should
Residue filtrate floss hole Jing emptying reuse pipelines are connected on the 3rd pipeline and produce position between water valve and inlet, the emptying reuse
Pipeline is communicated with each other with discharging of waste liquid pipeline, and second emptying valve and additional filtration dress are respectively arranged with the emptying reuse pipeline
Put.
2. filter residual liquid according to claim 1 empties reclaiming system, it is characterised in that：The additional filtration fills
It is set to filter stick.
3. filter residual liquid according to claim 1 empties reclaiming system, it is characterised in that：The filter deployment
Have for the real-time rinse bath for rinsing is carried out to filter, the bottom of the rinse bath offers cleaning discard solution discharge port, the cleaning
The useless floss hole Jing pipeline communications of liquid position between first emptying valve and discharge of wastewater mouth on said debris discharge tube.
4. filter residual liquid according to claim 1 empties reclaiming system, it is characterised in that：The filter deployment
There is the compressed air supply source for residue filtrate in filter is extruded, the compressed air supply source Jing pipelines are connected to filtration
In device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410845714.2A CN104562166B (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2014-12-31 | Filter residual liquid draining and recycling system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410845714.2A CN104562166B (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2014-12-31 | Filter residual liquid draining and recycling system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104562166A CN104562166A (en) | 2015-04-29 |
| CN104562166B true CN104562166B (en) | 2017-04-26 |
Family
ID=53079214
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410845714.2A Active CN104562166B (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2014-12-31 | Filter residual liquid draining and recycling system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104562166B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106811773B (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2018-06-08 | 江苏理工学院 | Supercritical composite electroforming system recycling device |
| CN107447253B (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2023-10-20 | 广东坚美铝型材厂（集团）有限公司 | Single nickel salt coloring filter, circulating filtering system and filtering method |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1090554A (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-08-10 | 王抗曝 | Filtering method and apparatus |
| CN2281990Y (en) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-05-20 | 张文源 | Automatic cleaning loop device for electroplating filter |
| WO2000023639A1 (en) * | 1998-10-21 | 2000-04-27 | Nicasio Paulino Mora Vallejo | Installation for the collection of liquid residues applicable to the treatment of parts by electrolytic bath |
| CN202061437U (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-12-07 | 胡明辉 | Back-flush filter |
| CN202157129U (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2012-03-07 | 灵宝华鑫铜箔有限责任公司 | Cooling water recycling system for air compressor |
| CN203256366U (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2013-10-30 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Plating solution filtration purification device |
| CN203678078U (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2014-07-02 | 赣州中联环保科技开发有限公司 | Disc filter cleaning device |
| CN204455344U (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-07-08 | 广东威迪科技股份有限公司 | The emptying reclaiming system of a kind of strainer residual liquid |
-
2014
- 2014-12-31 CN CN201410845714.2A patent/CN104562166B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1090554A (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-08-10 | 王抗曝 | Filtering method and apparatus |
| CN2281990Y (en) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-05-20 | 张文源 | Automatic cleaning loop device for electroplating filter |
| WO2000023639A1 (en) * | 1998-10-21 | 2000-04-27 | Nicasio Paulino Mora Vallejo | Installation for the collection of liquid residues applicable to the treatment of parts by electrolytic bath |
| CN202061437U (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-12-07 | 胡明辉 | Back-flush filter |
| CN202157129U (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2012-03-07 | 灵宝华鑫铜箔有限责任公司 | Cooling water recycling system for air compressor |
| CN203256366U (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2013-10-30 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Plating solution filtration purification device |
| CN203678078U (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2014-07-02 | 赣州中联环保科技开发有限公司 | Disc filter cleaning device |
| CN204455344U (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-07-08 | 广东威迪科技股份有限公司 | The emptying reclaiming system of a kind of strainer residual liquid |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104562166A (en) | 2015-04-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104562165B (en) | Intelligent filter control system | |
| CN104548747B (en) | A kind of intelligently filters control method | |
| JP2945894B2 (en) | How to remove cleaning chemicals | |
| CN108043089A (en) | The sewage treatment pot being not easy to plug | |
| CN209596647U (en) | A kind of Treatment of Sludge canvas press cloth cleaning system | |
| CN103585888A (en) | Immersed-type ultrafiltration membrane pool and on-line chemical cleaning method thereof | |
| CN104562166B (en) | Filter residual liquid draining and recycling system | |
| CN204455344U (en) | The emptying reclaiming system of a kind of strainer residual liquid | |
| CN204455343U (en) | A kind of intelligently filters Controlling System | |
| CN106914043A (en) | Flap valve filter tank automatic control system and its control method based on PAC | |
| CN104436774B (en) | Mechanical filter | |
| CN216498019U (en) | Off-line back flushing device for large-flow filter element | |
| CN215925137U (en) | Electroplating liquid medicine recovery device | |
| CN205516762U (en) | Algal polysaccharide production is with filtration equipment and system | |
| CN210026703U (en) | Supply and discharge control system for cleaning ink box | |
| CN211935851U (en) | Filtering device | |
| CN105986433B (en) | Washing machine | |
| CN103551337A (en) | Circulation filtration system and filtration method of mold cleaning fluid | |
| CN202741009U (en) | Submerged-type ultra-filtration membrane pool | |
| CN111874996A (en) | Tubular microfiltration membrane wastewater treatment process | |
| CN206328806U (en) | A kind of fruits and vegetables class rinse water reclaiming system | |
| CN201719892U (en) | Filter with back washing function | |
| CN217312367U (en) | Gantry car washer sewage treatment device | |
| CN216259587U (en) | Copper strip cleaning water circulating device | |
| CN216986459U (en) | Wastewater treatment equipment with multi-layer filtering function |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |