CN104561618B - Aluminum-copper alloy melting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of aluminum-copper alloy melting method, comprises step: the N root fine copper pipe of selection caliber to be 6��8mm, wall thickness be 1��2mm; Calculate the length L of required fine copper pipe_Pipe; Pure elemental aluminum raw material is warmed up to 730��750 DEG C and forms pure aluminium liquid; Be 0.11��0.13MPa, temperature by one end cut-in pressure of each fine copper pipe it is the non-reactive gas of room temperature, the other end is inserted in pure aluminium liquid; The length immersing the part of the fine copper pipe in pure aluminium liquid is L1 and L2 sum, the fine copper tube portion that length is the relative low temperature of L1 can continus convergence non-reactive gas, the fine copper tube portion that length is the relatively-high temperature of L2 can fuse into pure aluminium liquid formation aluminum-copper alloy liquid in 2��3 minutes, and the non-reactive gas exported from the other end makes pure aluminium liquid and aluminum-copper alloy liquid form Convention diffusion upward and outward in the region that L2 is corresponding; Every 2��3 minutes, each fine copper pipe is increased insertion length L2, until the insertion of N root fine copper pipe reaches length L_Pipe; Stop each fine copper pipe of insertion, continue to lead to into non-reactive gas 10��15 minutes.

Description

Aluminum-copper alloy smelting method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of aluminum-copper alloy smelting, in particular to an aluminum-copper alloy smelting method.

Background technique

In the smelting of aluminum-copper alloys, the methods of adding copper elements include master alloy method and direct smelting method. The master alloy method needs to be smelted twice, which takes a long time and consumes a lot of energy. The direct smelting method is to directly add pure copper ingredients into molten aluminum to smelt to obtain the target alloy. Regardless of the master alloy method or the direct smelting method, the difference in density between aluminum and copper and the change in solidification conditions lead to copper segregation in the final aluminum-copper alloy. Therefore, a long time of heat preservation and stirring (generally electromagnetic stirring) is required during the aluminum-copper alloy smelting process. This greatly increases the energy consumption and equipment investment in the aluminum-copper alloy smelting process.

Contents of the invention

In view of the problems existing in the background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum-copper alloy smelting method, which can obtain the target aluminum-copper alloy with uniform aluminum-copper composition, small segregation, and few pore defects.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an aluminum-copper alloy smelting method, which includes the steps of: selecting N pure copper tubes with a diameter of 6 mm to 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm to 2 mm, N≥1; The mass fraction C _copper of the copper element in the aluminum-copper alloy and the _total mass M of the aluminum-copper alloy to be prepared calculate the mass M _copper of the copper element that needs to be added, M _copper = M _total × C _copper ; The length of the copper tube L _tube , L _tube = M _copper / (ρ _copper × S _{tube section} ); calculated according to the mass fraction C _aluminum of the aluminum element in the aluminum-copper alloy to be prepared and the _total mass M of the aluminum-copper alloy to be prepared The quality of the pure aluminum element raw material that needs to be added; the pure aluminum element raw material of the aluminum-copper alloy to be prepared is heated to 730-750°C, so that the pure aluminum element raw material is melted to form a pure aluminum liquid, and the liquid level of the pure aluminum liquid is 100mm~ 300mm, and heat preservation and slag removal of the pure aluminum liquid; connect one end of each pure copper tube with a sufficient length to a non-reactive gas with a pressure of 0.11MPa-0.13MPa and a temperature of room temperature, and insert the other end into the pure aluminum liquid In the process, each pure copper tube transports non-reactive gas along the length direction, so that the pure copper tube part immersed in the pure aluminum liquid starts to form a temperature gradient that gradually increases in temperature along the length direction from the aluminum liquid surface; The part of each pure copper tube in the liquid starts from the liquid level of the aluminum liquid and the length down the length direction is the sum of L1 and L2, wherein the relatively low-temperature pure copper tube part with a length of L1 can continuously transport the non-reactive gas, and the relatively high-temperature pure copper tube part with a length of L2 can be melted into pure aluminum liquid within 2 to 3 minutes to form an aluminum-copper alloyed liquid, and the value of L2/L1 is between 1/3 and 1/2, The non-reactive gas output from the other end makes the pure aluminum liquid and the aluminum-copper alloy liquid form upward and outward convective diffusion in the area corresponding to L2; pour each pure copper tube into the pure aluminum liquid every 2 to 3 minutes Increase the insertion length L2, if the length L of the pure copper _tube to be consumed is divided by L2*N, the integer is K, then the number of times each pure copper tube is inserted is K, until N pure copper tubes are inserted to reach the desired value. The length L _tube of the pure copper tube to be consumed, if the remainder obtained by dividing the length L _tube of the pure copper tube to be consumed by L2*K*N is not zero, then divide the length L _tube by L2*K at the end The remainder of *N is apportioned to all or part of the pure copper tubes, so that the corresponding pure copper tubes have an apportioned part less than L2 and make the apportioned parts of the corresponding pure copper tubes extend below L1; each pure copper tube Stop increasing the amount of insertion, and continue to introduce non-reactive gas for 10 to 15 minutes; pull the remaining pure copper tubes out of the aluminum liquid surface, stop the introduction of non-reactive gas, and complete the aluminum-copper alloy smelting process; The total length L of the copper tube is _always greater than the sum of L2*K and L1 and ensures that the non-reactive gas can be held and introduced from the outside.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

Since the non-reactive air flow output from the other end of the pure copper tube directly acts on the alloying area, the pure aluminum liquid and the aluminum-copper alloying liquid form upward and outward convective diffusion in the alloying area corresponding to L2, and the aluminum-copper alloy The melting liquid will flow upward with the air flow, and then flow to both sides, so that the aluminum liquid in different parts will form a convection flow, which will promote the diffusion of the alloy component copper, and at the same time, the non-reactive gas introduced can take the harmful gas inhaled by the pure aluminum liquid out of the aluminum copper Therefore, the aluminum-copper alloy smelting method of the present invention can achieve sufficient convective diffusion while realizing the quantitative ratio of copper elements in the aluminum-copper alloy, thereby obtaining uniform aluminum-copper composition, small segregation, and pores with high efficiency. A target aluminum-copper alloy with few defects.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to the beginning of aluminum-copper alloy smelting of the present invention, for the sake of clarity, only shows a pure copper pipe;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the aluminum-copper alloy smelting process according to the present invention, for the sake of clarity, only one pure copper tube is shown.

detailed description

The aluminum-copper alloy smelting method according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the aluminum-copper alloy smelting method according to the present invention comprises the steps of: selecting N pure copper tubes with a pipe diameter of 6 mm to 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm to 2 mm, N≥1; The mass fraction C _copper of the copper element in the alloy and the _total mass M of the aluminum-copper alloy to be prepared calculate the mass M _copper of the copper element that needs to be added, M _copper = M _total × C _copper ; calculate the pure copper tube that needs to be consumed The length L _tube , L _tube =M _copper /(ρ _copper ×S _{tube section} ); According to the mass fraction C _aluminum of the aluminum element in the aluminum-copper alloy to be prepared and the _total mass M of the aluminum-copper alloy to be prepared, it needs to be added The quality of the pure aluminum element raw material; the pure aluminum element raw material of the aluminum-copper alloy to be prepared is heated to 730-750°C to melt the pure aluminum element raw material to form a pure aluminum liquid, so that the liquid level of the pure aluminum liquid is between 100mm and 300mm. Insulation and slag removal of pure aluminum liquid; connect one end of each pure copper tube with a sufficient length to a pressure of 0.11MPa~0.13MPa (liquid splash will occur if the pressure is greater than 0.13MPa, and effective pressure will not form if the pressure is less than 0.11MPa Liquid convection), non-reactive gas at room temperature, insert the other end into the pure aluminum liquid, and each pure copper tube transports the non-reactive gas along the length direction, so that the pure copper tube part immersed in the pure aluminum liquid will flow from the aluminum liquid The liquid surface begins to form a temperature gradient (referring to Figure 1) that the temperature gradually increases downwards along the length direction; the part of each pure copper tube immersed in the pure aluminum liquid starts from the liquid aluminum liquid surface and the length downwards along the length direction is L1 and The sum of L2, wherein the relatively low-temperature pure copper tube section with a length of L1 can continuously transport the non-reactive gas, while the relatively high-temperature pure copper tube section with a length of L2 can be melted into pure aluminum within 2 to 3 minutes The liquid forms an aluminum-copper alloyed liquid, and the value of L2/L1 is between 1/3 and 1/2, and the non-reactive gas output from the other end makes the pure aluminum liquid and the aluminum-copper alloyed liquid in the area corresponding to L2 (that is, the alloyed area, refer to Figure 2) to form upward and outward convective diffusion (see Figure 2); add the insertion length L2 of each pure copper tube into the pure aluminum liquid every 2 to 3 minutes, and consume it if necessary The integer obtained by dividing the length L of the pure copper _tube by L2*N is K, and the number of times each pure copper tube is inserted is K, until N pure copper tubes are inserted to reach the length L of the pure copper tube to be consumed _tube , if the length L of the pure copper _tube to be consumed is divided by L2*K*N and the remainder is not zero, then at the end divide the length L _{of the tube} by L2*K*N and divide it into all or Part of the pure copper tube, so that the corresponding pure copper tube has an appropriation portion smaller than L2 and the appropriation portion of the corresponding pure copper tube extends below L1; the insertion amount of each pure copper tube stops increasing, and continues to pass through non-reactive Reactive gas for 10 to 15 minutes; pull each remaining pure copper tube out of the aluminum liquid surface, stop the introduction of non-reactive gas, and complete the aluminum-copper alloy smelting process; wherein: the total length L of each pure copper tube is _always greater than L2* The sum of K and L1 ensures that the non-reactive gas can be controlled and introduced from the outside.

Since the non-reactive air flow output from the other end of the pure copper tube directly acts on the alloying area, the pure aluminum liquid and the aluminum-copper alloying liquid form an upward air flow in the alloying area corresponding to L2 (that is, the alloying area, see Figure 2). and outward convective diffusion, the aluminum-copper alloying liquid will flow upward with the airflow, and then flow to both sides, making the aluminum liquid in different parts form convection, promoting the diffusion of the alloy component copper, and at the same time, the non-reactive gas introduced can dissipate the pure The harmful gas inhaled by the aluminum liquid is taken out of the aluminum-copper alloy. Therefore, the aluminum-copper alloy smelting method of the present invention can achieve sufficient convective diffusion while realizing the quantitative ratio of copper elements in the aluminum-copper alloy, thereby achieving high-efficiency A target aluminum-copper alloy with uniform aluminum-copper composition, small segregation, and few pore defects is obtained.

In the aluminum-copper alloy smelting method according to the present invention, the copper content of the pure copper pipe may be 99.99%. In the aluminum-copper alloy smelting method according to the present invention, the non-reactive gas may be an inert gas or nitrogen.

In the aluminum-copper alloy smelting method according to the present invention, the inert gas may be argon.

In the aluminum-copper alloy smelting method according to the present invention, the other end of the pure copper pipe is inserted vertically or obliquely (refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 ) into the pure aluminum liquid.

In the aluminum-copper alloy smelting method according to the present invention, the room temperature may be 20-30°C.

In the aluminum-copper alloy smelting method according to the present invention, N=1, and the remainder obtained by dividing the length L _tube by the length L2*K*N is all allocated to a pure copper tube.

In the aluminum-copper alloy smelting method according to the present invention, N>1, N pure copper tubes are sequentially inserted into the pure aluminum liquid, and the remainder obtained by dividing the length L _tube by the length L2*K*N is shared among all or part of the pure aluminum on the copper pipe.

In the aluminum-copper alloy smelting method according to the present invention, N>1, N pure copper tubes are inserted into the pure aluminum liquid at the same time, and the remainder obtained by dividing the length L _tube by the length L2*K*N is shared among all or part of the pure copper tubes. on the copper pipe.

In the aluminum-copper alloy smelting method according to the present invention, each pure copper tube can be marked with a scale, marking L2 inserted each time and the length L _tube of the pure copper tube to be consumed.

Claims (10)

1. an aluminum-copper alloy melting method, it is characterised in that, comprise step:

The N root fine copper pipe of selection caliber to be 6mm��8mm, wall thickness be 1mm��2mm, N >=1;

Massfraction C according to copper in the aluminum-copper alloy to be prepared_CopperAnd the total mass M of the aluminum-copper alloy to be prepared_AlwaysCalculate the mass M of the copper that needs add_Copper, M_Copper=M_Always��C_Copper;

Calculate the required length L consuming the fine copper pipe fallen_Pipe, L_Pipe=M_Copper/(��_Copper��S_{Tube section});

Massfraction C according to aluminium element in the aluminum-copper alloy to be prepared_AluminiumAnd the total mass M of the aluminum-copper alloy to be prepared_AlwaysCalculate the quality of the pure elemental aluminum raw material that needs add;

The pure elemental aluminum raw material of the aluminum-copper alloy that will prepare is warmed up to 730��750 DEG C, makes pure elemental aluminum melting sources form pure aluminium liquid, makes the liquid level of pure aluminium liquid between 100mm��300mm, and pure aluminium liquid is carried out thermal insulation deslagging;

Be 0.11MPa��0.13MPa, temperature by one end cut-in pressure of each fine copper pipe of sufficient length it is the non-reactive gas of room temperature, the other end is inserted in pure aluminium liquid, non-reactive gas carried along its length by each fine copper pipe, so that immersing the thermograde that formation temperature raises gradually along its length from aluminium liquid liquid level of the fine copper tube portion in pure aluminium liquid downwards;

The length immersing the part of each fine copper pipe in pure aluminium liquid downward along its length from aluminium liquid liquid level is L1 and L2 sum, wherein, the fine copper tube portion that length is the relative low temperature of L1 can non-reactive gas described in continus convergence, and the fine copper tube portion of relatively-high temperature that length is L2 can fuse into pure aluminium liquid in 2��3 minutes and forms aluminum-copper alloy liquid, and the value of L2/L1 is between 1/3��1/2, the non-reactive gas wherein exported from the other end makes pure aluminium liquid and aluminum-copper alloy liquid form Convention diffusion upward and outward in the region that L2 is corresponding;

Every 2��3 minutes, each fine copper Guan Xiangchun aluminium liquid will increase insertion length L2, if the length L of fine copper pipe that required consumption is fallen_PipeInteger divided by L2*N gained is K, then each fine copper pipe increases the number of times of insertion is K, until the insertion of N root fine copper pipe reaches the required length L consuming the fine copper pipe fallen_PipeIf, the length L of the fine copper pipe that required consumption is fallen_PipeRemainder divided by L2*K*N gained is not zero, then last by length L_PipeComplementing part divided by L2*K*N gained is shared on all or part of fine copper pipe, so that the fine copper pipe of correspondence has is less than sharing part and making the part of sharing of this correspondence fine copper pipe extend under L1 of L2;

Each fine copper pipe insertion stops increasing, and continues to lead to into non-reactive gas 10��15 minutes;

Each residue fine copper pipe is pulled out pure aluminium liquid liquid level, stop non-reactive gas lead to into, complete aluminum-copper alloy fusion process;

Wherein:

The total length L of each fine copper pipe_AlwaysIt is greater than L2*K and L1 sum and guarantees to hold from outside and lead to into non-reactive gas.

2. aluminum-copper alloy melting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the copper content of fine copper pipe is 99.99%.

3. aluminum-copper alloy melting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, nonreactive gas is rare gas element or nitrogen.

4. aluminum-copper alloy melting method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that, rare gas element is argon gas.

5. aluminum-copper alloy melting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the other end of fine copper pipe vertically inserts or tilts to insert in pure aluminium liquid.

6. aluminum-copper alloy melting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, room temperature is 20��30 DEG C.

7. aluminum-copper alloy melting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, N=1, and length L_PipeComplementing part divided by length L2*K*N gained is all shared on a fine copper pipe.

8. aluminum-copper alloy melting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, N > 1, N root fine copper pipe inserts in pure aluminium liquid successively, and length L_PipeComplementing part divided by length L2*K*N gained is shared on all or part of fine copper pipe.

9. aluminum-copper alloy melting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, N > 1, N root fine copper pipe inserts in pure aluminium liquid simultaneously, and length L_PipeComplementing part divided by length L2*K*N gained is shared on all or part of fine copper pipe.

10. aluminum-copper alloy melting method according to any one of claim 7-9, it is characterised in that, each fine copper pipe is marked with scale, marks the L2 of insertion every time and the length L of this fine copper pipe that required consumption is fallen_Pipe��