CN104558029B - 一种合成双(二环己基膦)烷烃的方法 - Google Patents

一种合成双(二环己基膦)烷烃的方法 Download PDF

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CN104558029B
CN104558029B CN201410790824.3A CN201410790824A CN104558029B CN 104558029 B CN104558029 B CN 104558029B CN 201410790824 A CN201410790824 A CN 201410790824A CN 104558029 B CN104558029 B CN 104558029B
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dicyclohexylphosphontetrafluoroborate
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陈辉
杨瑞娜
杨振强
张银龙
周铎
孙敏青
屈凤波
段征
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Puyang Huicheng Electronic Material Co., Ltd.
Institute of Chemistry Henan Academy of Sciences Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于合成双(二环己基膦)烷烃的方法,属于有机合成领域。该方法通过如下步骤实现:(1)在无水无氧条件下,以二环己基氯化膦为起始原料,通过氨基保护得到二环己基二乙胺基膦;(2)二环己基二乙胺基膦与二乙基镉反应得到二(二环己基膦)镉中间体,然后与二氯代烷烃反应合成双(二环己基膦)烷烃化合物。本发明反应条件温和,产率高,易于操作,降低了生产成本,更易于工业化生产。

Description

一种合成双(二环己基膦)烷烃的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一类有机膦化合物的合成方法,尤其适用双(二环己基膦)烷烃的合成方法,属于有机合成领域。
背景技术
双(二环己基膦)烷烃作为一类重要的双膦配体在均相催化中发挥着重要作用,在合成天然产物、功能材料、药物以及生物活性分子等领域有着非常广泛的用途。由于环己基具有较好的供电子效应和空间位阻效应,和苯基的性质有着很大区别,使得双(二环己基膦)烷烃相比于双(二苯基膦)烷烃与金属配位时具有不同的构型,这就赋予双(二环己基膦)烷烃在应用于金属催化反应时具有特殊的活性。
在合成方法方面双(二环己基膦)烷烃与双(二苯基膦)烷烃相比也存在较大的差异,比如,中间体二环己基膦锂不能通过二环己基氯化膦或者三环己基膦与金属锂反应制得等。目前,常用的合成双(二环己基膦)烷烃的方法(TetrahedronLetters,2007,48,949-953)是通过二环己基膦与正丁基锂反应制得二环己基膦锂,然后再与不活泼的二卤代烷烃反应制得。但是,该方法中二环己基膦极容易被氧化,使得反应难以控制,此外,由于二环己基膦锂活性较高致使该方法副产物较多,造成目标产物双(二环己基膦)烷烃的产率较低。另外一种合成双(二环己基膦)烷烃的方法(TetrahedronLetters,1994,35,9319-9322)是采用稳定的二环己基膦硼烷作为基础底物与正丁基锂反应,最终通过解络合得到目标产品,但其中引入硼烷给生产带来安全隐患。此外,双(二环己基膦)烷烃还可通过双(二苯基基膦)烷烃或其氧化物在高温高压条件下催化加氢得到(US5530162A;US20110054205;J.Chem.Soc.,Chem.Commun.,1992,632-633;ChemistryLetters,1984,1603-1606),但该类方法条件苛刻且反应时间较长,限制了其在工业上的应用。目前为满足工业化生产需求,探索更加有效、实用的双(二环己基膦)烷烃的合成方法十分必要。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种反应条件温和、副产物少、收率高、生产成本低、适合工业化生产的双(二环己基膦)烷烃合成新方法。
为实现本发明目的,本发明的反应路线如下:
本发明的反应步骤如下:
惰气保护下,在0~10℃条件下向干燥反应容器中加入乙醚,二环己基氯化膦和二乙胺,室温下搅拌,过滤除去沉淀,减压蒸馏,随后向上述体系中加入四氢呋喃和无水氯化镉,在0~10℃条件下滴加乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃溶液,滴毕缓慢恢复至室温,再向反应体系滴加二氯代烷烃,滴毕60~70℃反应。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,加入氢氧化钠溶液,萃取,洗涤,干燥,重结晶得到双(二环己基膦)烷烃化合物;
所述的的双(二环己基膦)烷烃为双(二环己基膦)甲烷,1,2-双(二环己基膦)乙烷,1,3-双(二环己基膦)丙烷,1,4-双(二环己基膦)丁烷。
所述的二氯代烷烃为二氯甲烷,1,2-二氯乙烷,1,3-二氯丙烷,1,4-二氯丁烷。
所述的二环己基氯化膦、二乙胺、无水氯化镉、乙基溴化镁与二氯代烷烃的摩尔比为1:2~2.5:0.5~1:1~2:0.4~0.6。
本发明有益效果在于:1)有机膦镉中间体的引入有效降低了二环己基膦负离子的活性,减少了反应过程中副产物的产生,生成产品双(二环己基膦)烷烃的收率达95%以上;2)采用便宜易得的二乙胺对二环己氯化膦进行保护,避免了格氏试剂对膦的进攻,生成的副产物三乙胺对后续反应没有影响,优化了反应过程。该反应条件温和,易于操作,生产成本低,更易于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
为更好地对本发明进行详细说明,举实例如下:
实例1
在氩气保护下,在0~10℃条件下向干燥反应容器中加入100mL乙醚、23.2g(100mmol)二环己基氯化膦和15.3g(210mmol)二乙胺,室温下搅拌2h,有白色沉淀生成,过滤,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,随后向上述体系中加入100mL四氢呋喃和9.2g(50mmol)无水氯化镉,在0~10℃条件下滴加100mL乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃溶液(1.0M),滴毕缓慢恢复至室温搅拌过夜,然后滴加二氯甲烷4.2g(50mmol),滴毕加热至70℃反应12h。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,加入除氧的4N氢氧化钠溶液100mL,用200mL正己烷萃取后,用200mL水洗涤有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,除去正己烷后得到黄色油状物,将其溶于100mL无水甲醇中冷冻重结晶得到白色固体1,1-双(二环己基膦)甲烷19.4g,收率95%。31PNMR(δ,CDCl3)-8.7(s).1H-NMR(δ,CDCl3)2.0~1.0(46H,broadm);HRMS:C25H46P2,Calc.:408.3075.Found:408.3077.
实例2
在氩气保护下,在0~10℃条件下向干燥反应容器中加入100mL乙醚、23.2g(100mmol)二环己基氯化膦和17.6g(240mmol)二乙胺,室温下搅拌2h,有白色沉淀生成,过滤,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,随后向上述体系中加入100mL四氢呋喃和18.3g(100mmol)无水氯化镉,在0~10℃条件下滴加200mL乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃溶液(1.0M),滴毕缓慢恢复至室温搅拌过夜,然后滴加1,2-二氯乙烷5.0g(50mmol),滴毕加热至70℃反应12h。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,加入除氧的4N氢氧化钠溶液100mL,用200mL正己烷萃取,用200mL水洗涤有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,除去正己烷后得到黄色油状物,将其溶于100mL无水甲醇中冷冻重结晶得到白色固体1,2-双(二环己基膦)乙烷20.3g,收率96%。31PNMR(δ,CDCl3)1.8(s);1H-NMR(δ,CDCl3)2.0~1.0(48H,broadm).HRMS:C26H48P2,Calc.:422.3231.Found:422.3228.
实例3
在氩气保护下,在0~10℃条件下向干燥反应容器中加入100mL乙醚、23.2g(100mmol)二环己基氯化膦和14.7g(200mmol)二乙胺,室温下搅拌2h,有白色沉淀生成,过滤,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,随后向上述体系中加入100mL四氢呋喃和13.8g(75mmol)无水氯化镉,在0~10℃条件下滴加120mL乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃溶液(1.0M),滴毕缓慢恢复至室温搅拌过夜,然后滴加1,3-二氯丙烷5.7g(50mmol),滴毕加热至60℃反应10h。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,加入除氧的4N氢氧化钠溶液100mL,用200mL正己烷萃取,用200mL水洗涤有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,除去正己烷后得到黄色油状物,将其溶于100mL无水甲醇中冷冻重结晶得到白色固体1,3-双(二环己基膦)丙烷20.7g,收率95%。31PNMR(δ,CDCl3)2.1(s).1H-NMR(δ,CDCl3)2.0~1.0(50H,broadm);HRMS:C27H50P2,Calc.:436.3388.Found:436.3386.
实例4
在氩气保护下,在0~10℃条件下向干燥反应容器中加入100mL乙醚、23.2g(100mmol)二环己基氯化膦和14.7g(200mmol)二乙胺,室温下搅拌2h,有白色沉淀生成,过滤,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,随后向上述体系中加入100mL四氢呋喃和9.2g(50mmol)无水氯化镉,在0~10℃条件下滴加100mL乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃溶液(1.0M),滴毕缓慢恢复至室温搅拌过夜,然后滴加1,4-二氯丁烷7.0g(55mmol),滴毕加热至60℃反应12h。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,加入除氧的4N氢氧化钠溶液100mL,用200mL正己烷萃取,用200mL水洗涤有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,除去正己烷后得到黄色油状物,将其溶于100mL无水甲醇中冷冻重结晶得到白色固体1,2-双(二环己基膦)丁烷21.6g,收率96%。31PNMR(δ,CDCl3)2.2(s).1H-NMR(δ,CDCl3)2.0~1.0(52H,broadm);HRMS:C28H52P2,Calc.:450.3544.Found:450.3542.。

Claims (1)

1.一种合成具有如下结构双(二环己基膦)烷烃方法,其特征在于,通过如下步骤实现:惰气保护下,在0~10oC条件下向干燥反应容器中加入乙醚,二环己基氯化膦和二乙胺,室温下搅拌,过滤除去沉淀,减压蒸馏,随后向上述体系中加入四氢呋喃和无水氯化镉,在0~10oC条件下滴加乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃溶液,滴毕缓慢恢复至室温,再向反应体系滴加二氯代烷烃,滴毕60~70oC反应;
减压蒸馏除去溶剂,加入氢氧化钠溶液,萃取,洗涤,干燥,重结晶得到双(二环己基膦)烷烃化合物;
所述的双(二环己基膦)烷烃结构为
所述的二氯代烷烃为二氯甲烷,1,2-二氯乙烷,1,3-二氯丙烷,1,4-二氯丁烷;
所述的二环己基氯化膦、二乙胺、无水氯化镉、乙基溴化镁与二氯代烷烃的摩尔比为1:2~2.5:0.5~1:1~2:0.4~0.6。
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