CN104551554A - Externally-upset stamped and hardened wheel and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Externally-upset stamped and hardened wheel and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104551554A CN104551554A CN201410681126.XA CN201410681126A CN104551554A CN 104551554 A CN104551554 A CN 104551554A CN 201410681126 A CN201410681126 A CN 201410681126A CN 104551554 A CN104551554 A CN 104551554A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B21/00—Rims
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wheel and a manufacturing method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of heavy wheel weight, poor roundness of the inner circumferential surface of a rim and unreasonable material distribution. The invention provides an externally-upset stamped and hardened wheel having the advantages of reducing the wheel weight, increasing the roundness of the inner circumferential surface of the rim, saving materials and meeting the strength requirement and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method comprises a rim manufacturing procedure, a spoke manufacturing procedure and a rim and spoke connecting procedure, wherein the rim manufacturing procedure comprises molding a rim round tube, molding a rim blank, heating the rim blank and molding the rim in sequence; the spoke manufacturing procedure comprises molding a spoke substrate provided with a process hole, arranging a circular lining plate in the center of the outer end face of the spoke substrate, heating the spoke substrate to integrally connect the lining plate with the substrate, and thermally molding the spoke in sequence; the rim and spoke connecting procedure comprises arranging the manufactured rim at the large-diameter end of the circumferential wall of the spoke in a sleeving way, and welding the circumferential wall of the spoke and the rim together.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wheel and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Wheel comprises wheel rim and spoke, connects, spoke and wheel rim are formed a whole by the mode of welding with the inner side of the lateral surface of spoke border with the installation spoke face of wheel rim.All be provided with wheel rim at the axial two ends of wheel rim, the axial two ends of installing tire during tire are connected to together with wheel rim; Valve port is also provided with, for passing through for valve during mounting tyre in wheel rim.The end wall of spoke is provided with the bolt hole of centre bore and centrally hole circumference distribution, China Patent No. be 2009200218307, authorize publication date be February 17 in 2010 day, be called in the patent document of " lightweight high-intensity rim " and disclose a kind of wheel.Wheel in this patent document comprises wheel rim and is welded on spoke on wheel rim, wheel rim comprise wheel rim, bcad seats, convex peak, kerve and with spoke contact point, spoke be connected to wheel rim with on spoke contact point, wheel rim is surfaces externally and internally bus is all arc.China Patent No. be 20081001205361, authorize publication date be February 7 in 2010 day, be called a kind of preparation method of wheel of the patent document breaker in middle of " aluminium alloy plate type wheel and processing method thereof ".
Existing wheel preparation method has the following disadvantages: undertaken making by aluminium alloy and improve the intensity of wheel by the thickness increasing wheel rim and spoke and make intensity reach requirement, so can cause the heavier-weight of wheel, the Heavy Weight of wheel then can increase the oil consumption of automobile; Centre bore and bolt hole shaping before wheel rim and spoke link together, cause the positional precision of centre bore and bolt hole difference and affect the installation of wheel; Material consumption amount when wheel rim makes is large; The circularity of wheel rim inner peripheral surface is low; The bonding strength of the pad of spoke and wheel rim is poor; Easily displacement is produced between wheel rim and spoke in welding process; Easily translation is produced during valve port perforate; Commissure on wheel rim easily produces cracking; Wheel rim surfaces externally and internally can produce out-of-flatness phenomenon.
Summary of the invention
It is good and can to economize mode just external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel meeting requirement of strength and preparation method thereof that the present invention aims to provide a kind of wheel weight, wheel rim inner peripheral surface circularity of can reducing, and solves the poor and irrational problem of Distribution of materials of the wheel Heavy Weight existing for existing wheel preparation method, wheel rim inner peripheral surface circularity.
Above technical problem is solved by following technical proposal: a kind of external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel preparation method, comprises making wheel rim operation, making spoke operation is connected operation with rim and spoke;
Described making wheel rim operation comprises following making step:
A1, shaping wheel rim pipe: the closed pipe producing circumferential closure with steel plate.Closed pipe can be undertaken processing, also can being processed by the mode of direct punching press by the mode of butt welding mouth for after circle by curling.
A2, shaping wheel rim blank: closed circle control is made the wheel rim blank that diameter is less than rim design diameter.
A3, heating wheel rim blank: wheel rim blank is heated to more than the Ac3 temperature of the material making wheel rim blank and is heated to wheel rim blank microstructure and be converted into austenite and form hot wheel rim blank.
A4, shaping wheel rim: hot wheel rim blank is radially expanded to and cools again after diameter reaches the intended diameter of wheel rim and form wheel rim.
Expand first to make and directly then form wheel rim by the mode extended out through wheel rim blank less than normal, the circularity of wheel rim inner peripheral surface also can be made to meet the requirements without the need to being undertaken shaping by mould in wheel rim in process, thus the convenience adding man-hour can be improved.Existing method forms wheel rim by direct interior expansion, then need in wheel rim increase in pattern to ensure the circularity of wheel rim inner circumferential, and due to wheel rim be not isometrical vertically everywhere, therefore interior pattern can only be spliced by many parts, so not only makes trouble but also easily produces stitching error and cause wheel rim inner peripheral surface circularity poor.Wheel rim heating temperatures is extended out more than the Ac3 temperature of corresponding Steel material, the dimensional accuracy laborsaving when not only expanding, rim surface flatness and wheel rim can be improved, and workpiece material becomes martensite by austenite transforms completely after cooling, its hardness reaches about HRC52, and its tensile strength reaches 1300Mpa ~ 1500MPa; The thickness that can reduce wheel rim like this under the prerequisite ensureing wheel rim intensity is also weight.
Described making spoke operation comprises following making step:
The spoke substrate of B1, forming strip fabrication hole: the spoke substrate being processed circular sheet-like structures by steel plate, processes fabrication hole at the center of spoke substrate;
B2, arrange annular liner plate in the center of spoke substrate outer face, the material of liner plate is identical with spoke baseplate material;
B3, heating spoke substrate: wheel rim substrate and liner plate be heated to more than the Ac3 temperature of the material making spoke substrate and be heated to spoke substrate and liner plate microstructure is converted into austenite and forms hot spoke substrate, in this heating process, liner plate and spoke substrate form integrative-structure.
B4, shaping spoke: the axis along hot spoke substrate carries out extruding and makes spoke cool after shape spoke again, described spoke comprises the spoke perisporium of taper and is connected to the spoke end wall of spoke perisporium miner diameter end; Described liner plate is positioned at the outside in the space that spoke surrounds;
Shaping, not only laborsaving during punching press by more than spoke heating temperatures to the Ac3 temperature of Steel material carrying out, the dimensional accuracy of spoke can be improved simultaneously; And workpiece material becomes martensite by austenite transforms completely after cooling, its hardness reaches about HRC52, and its tensile strength reaches 1300Mpa ~ 1500MPa; The thickness that can reduce spoke like this under the prerequisite ensureing Spoke Strength is also weight.Heating simultaneously can make liner plate link together in the mode of integrative-structure with spoke substrate, and bonding strength is good.The power of being born by test direction spoke is larger than perisporium place at diapire place, and increasing liner plate at spoke end wall outer surface can make spoke intensity everywhere meet the requirements to economize mode just and add man-hour conveniently.
Described rim and spoke connects operation and comprises following making step:
C1, wheel rim cover is set on spoke perisporium bigger diameter end;
C2, spoke perisporium and wheel rim to be welded together;
As preferably, between steps A 2 and steps A 3, also comprising step a1, offer valve port plane is set: extruding the plane for offering valve port at the position that wheel rim blank arranges valve port.Plane is set, is not easy when starting valve port to produce position translation.Pressing face is arranged before heating, convenient during molding flat, otherwise plane is difficult to shaping exactly, easily causes spoke to be out of shape time shaping.
As preferably, steps A 2 comprises the following steps:
A2-1, the shaping horn mouth of outer expansion: formation horn mouth is radially expanded at the axial two ends of closed pipe;
A2-2, interior expansion is formed has the wheel rim of wheel rim: bell-mouthed free end and closed pipe are all radially inwardly expanded and obtained diameter be less than rim design diameter wheel rim blank, formed on described horn mouth when expanding along the radially outward protruding wheel rim of wheel rim blank.The wheel rim with wheel rim can be produced in the mode economizing material.
As preferably, steps A 1 comprises the following steps:
A1-1, shaping wheel rim substrate: the wheel rim substrate being processed bar shaped laminated structure by steel plate;
A1-2, forming strip gap pipe: wheel rim substrate is rolled into the band gap pipe with butt seam;
A1-3, forming strip gap flat tube: the two ends of wheel rim substrate are become planar structure in the same plane by arcuate structure, make band gap pipe become the band gap flat tube that butt seam place is planar structure;
A1-4, shaping closed flat tube: welded together at the two ends of wheel rim substrate and form weld seam at butt seam place, make to be with gap flat tube to become the closed flat tube of circumferential closure;
A1-5, shaping closed pipe: the commissure of closed flat tube is become arcuate structure by planar structure, make closed flat tube become closed pipe.The wheel rim produced is not easy to produce commissure cracking phenomena.
As preferably, between steps A 1-4 and steps A 1-5, also comprise the welding slag of step a2, removing commissure.Welding slag can be avoided to be isolated in the circularity affecting wheel rim between wheel rim and mould, simultaneously welding slag can be avoided to be shed in the process of shaping wheel rim collision degree that wheel rim affects die surface between mould.
As preferably, step a2 comprises the following steps:
A2-1, by the welding slag removing of weld seam along the radial both sides of closed flat tube;
A2-2, by the welding slag removing of weld seam along the axial both sides of closed flat tube.The order of this kind of removal welding slag can reduce the impact except welding slag operation butt welded seam place intensity.The method causes the slippage of solder design intensity to be 5/1000ths, if remove welding slag conversely, the slippage of the solder design intensity caused is one thousandth 15.
As preferably, between step B3 and step C1, also comprise step b2, the shaping spoke welding ends conical surface: the end face of spoke perisporium bigger diameter end is processed into the conical surface being positioned at the interior volume that spoke surrounds.The weld strength of spoke between wheel rim can be improved.
As preferably, be interference fit between the bigger diameter end of spoke perisporium and wheel rim in step C1.Before not welding, namely spoke and wheel rim can not be fixed together by frock, are not easy to produce displacement thus the accuracy that can ensure wheel rim and spoke link position easily in welding process between wheel rim and spoke.
As preferably, the pad formed in step C2 is positioned at the Fit of wheel rim and spoke perisporium.Pad is not easy be corroded and cause bad connection.
A kind of external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel, comprise wheel hub and spoke, described spoke comprises spoke perisporium and spoke end wall, described spoke perisporium is fixed together with described wheel hub, described spoke end wall is provided with liner plate, described liner plate is positioned at the outside in space that wheel good fortune surrounds, and described liner plate and spoke end wall form integrative-structure by mode more than the AC3 temperature that is heated to material and link together.
The present invention has following advantage: expand making first and directly then form wheel rim by the mode extended out through being less than standard-sized wheel rim blank, namely the circularity of wheel rim inner peripheral surface can be made to meet the requirements without the need to being undertaken shaping by mould in wheel rim in process, the convenience adding man-hour can be improved; Wheel rim end wall outer face arranges liner plate, wheel rim and spoke steel and makes and carry out shaping more than heating temperatures to the Ac3 temperature of material, laborsaving time not only shaping; And the hardness of wheel reaches about HRC52, its tensile strength reaches 1300Mpa ~ 1500MPa; Liner plate and spoke substrate can link together in the mode of integrative-structure, thus can realize the reduction of wheel weight when ensureing wheel strength; By means of only increasing liner plate to increase driving on spoke end wall, requirement of strength can being met to economize mode.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the wheel rim substrate produced in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the band gap pipe produced in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the band gap flat tube produced in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the closed flat tube produced in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 6 is closed flat tube in the embodiment of the present invention one schematic diagram when removing radial welding slag.
Fig. 7 is closed flat tube in the embodiment of the present invention one schematic diagram when removing axial welding slag.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the closed pipe produced in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 9 is the cross-sectional schematic with bell-mouthed closed pipe that the present invention produces.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the wheel rim blank produced in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram with the wheel rim blank of the plane for offering valve port produced in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram with the wheel rim of valve port produced in the embodiment of the present invention one
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the spoke substrate produced in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of the position relationship of liner plate in embodiment one and spoke substrate.
Figure 15 is liner plate in embodiment one and spoke substrate by the schematic diagram after heating.
Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of the spoke produced in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Figure 17 is the schematic diagram after spoke in embodiment one carries out end face processing.
Figure 18 is that spoke in embodiment one blows in the schematic diagram behind hole.
Figure 19 is spoke in embodiment one and wheel rim schematic diagram when linking together.
Figure 20 is the close-up schematic view at the D place of Figure 19.
Figure 21 is the schematic diagram after wheel in embodiment one opens centre bore and bolt hole.
Figure 22 is the schematic diagram of the spoke substrate produced in the embodiment of the present invention two.
Figure 23 is liner plate in embodiment two and spoke substrate by the schematic diagram after heating.
In figure: wheel rim substrate 1, the termination 11 of wheel rim substrate, band gap pipe 2, butt seam 21, band gap flat tube 3, closed flat tube 4, weld seam 41, the welding slag 411 of radial both sides, the welding slag 412 of axial both sides, closed pipe 5, horn mouth 51, bell-mouthed free end 511, wheel rim blank 6, wheel rim 61, for offering the plane 62 of valve port, wheel rim 7, valve port 71, spoke substrate 8, fabrication hole 81, liner plate 82, groove 83, air spring chamber 84, protruding 85, spoke 9, spoke perisporium 91, the end face 911 of spoke perisporium bigger diameter end, spoke end wall 92, the space 93 that spoke blank surrounds, centre bore 94, bolt hole 95, air holes 96, pad 97.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment one, see Fig. 1, a kind of external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel preparation method, comprises making wheel rim operation, making spoke operation is connected operation with rim and spoke.
Make wheel rim operation and comprise following making step:
A1, shaping wheel rim pipe: the closed pipe namely producing circumferential closure with steel plate.Specifically comprise:
A1-1, shaping wheel rim substrate: process the wheel rim substrate 1(of bar shaped laminated structure see Fig. 2 by steel plate).Also under the condition of dry or immersion oil, pickling is carried out to wheel rim substrate 1 surface in this step, thus play the effect of the welding effect promoted in subsequent soldering processes.
A1-2, forming strip gap pipe: wheel rim substrate 1 is rolled into there is butt seam 21 band gap pipe 2(see Fig. 3).Abutment joint 21 for the gap (in Fig. 3 being namely) circumferentially disconnected, also can be able to be gap radially, overlap when namely wheel rim substrate 1 is curling.
A1-3, forming strip gap flat tube: two of wheel rim substrate wheel rim substrate terminations 11 are become planar structure in the same plane by arcuate structure, making band gap pipe become butt seam 21 place is that the band gap flat tube 3(of planar structure is see Fig. 4);
A1-4, shaping closed flat tube: welded together two of wheel rim substrate wheel rim substrate terminations 11 and form weld seam 41 at butt seam place, make band gap flat tube become the closed flat tube 4(of circumferential closure see Fig. 5); Steel plate in steps A 1 is dead annealed steel plate, when steps A 1-4 can be made to weld with the adjacent heat affected area hardness in weld zone higher than the hardness of steel plate making spoke, thus convenience when can improve subsequent job.The detailed process of welding is: butt seam 21 place is heated to applicable plastic deformation and temperature lower than the Ac3 temperature of material, then carry out upset and realize linking together, the two ends of upset and blank are pressed together suddenly and end are merged and ejecting outside the plane of mother metal to the part material material of welding zone, then weld seam 41 is incubated, to reduce the cooling velocity of weld seam 41.This welding manner can be avoided weld seam 41 much higher hard and affect follow-up fourth contact.
The welding slag of a2, removing commissure.Specifically comprise
A2-1, the welding slag 411 of weld seam 41 along the radial both sides of closed flat tube 4 to be removed (see Fig. 6).
A2-2, the welding slag 412 of weld seam 41 along the axial both sides of closed flat tube 4 to be removed (see Fig. 7).
A1-5, shaping closed pipe: weld seam 41 place of closed flat tube is become arcuate structure by planar structure, make closed flat tube become closed pipe 5(see Fig. 8).Weld seam slag be weld seam temperature or higher than room temperature namely or heat time remove, be convenient to removing like this and flatness is good.
A2, shaping wheel rim blank: closed circle control is made the wheel rim blank that diameter is less than rim design diameter.Specifically comprise
A2-1, the shaping horn mouth of outer expansion: the axial two ends of closed pipe 5 are all radially expanded formation two horn mouth 51(see Fig. 9).
A2-2, interior expansion is formed has the wheel rim of wheel rim: two bell-mouthed free ends 511 and closed pipe are all radially inwardly expanded and obtained diameter is less than the wheel rim blank 6 of rim design diameter and is formed on horn mouth along the radially outward protruding wheel rim 61(of wheel rim blank see Figure 10).
A1, offer valve port plane is set: the position arranging valve port at wheel rim blank 6 extrudes for offering the plane 62(of valve port see Figure 11).
A3, heating wheel rim blank: wheel rim blank be heated to more than the Ac3 temperature of the material making wheel rim blank and form hot wheel rim blank.
A4, shaping wheel rim: hot wheel rim blank is radially expanded to and cools again after diameter reaches the intended diameter of wheel rim and form wheel rim.The cooling detailed process of this step is: be cooled to 200 DEG C of +/-25 DEG C in expansion pressure machine (equipment for existing making wheel) after, then shifts out and naturally cool in atmosphere.This cooling means is conducive to accelerating hydrogen and diffuses out from metal, thus avoids hydrogen embrittlement, and the quality of hydrogen embrittlement to wheel is harmful.
A5, shaping valve port: wheel rim 7 for offer valve port plane 62 on give vent to anger aperture of door 71(see Figure 12 by laser cutting).
Make spoke operation and comprise following making step:
The spoke substrate of B1, forming strip fabrication hole: the spoke substrate 8 being processed circular piece assembling structure by metallic plate, processes fabrication hole 81(see Figure 13 at the center of spoke substrate 8).
B2, in the center of spoke substrate 8 outer face, annular liner plate 82(is set see Figure 14).Spoke substrate and liner plate coaxial.Spoke substrate and liner plate are coaxial and material is identical.Spoke substrate 8 and liner plate 82 weld together.The diameter of the centre bore of liner plate 82 is larger than the diameter of fabrication hole, can reduce like this and form centre bore 94(see Figure 18) time workload with by operating efficiency with reduce knife rest and damage.Under the condition of dry or immersion oil, carry out pickling before spoke substrate 8 and liner plate 82 link together, thus play the effect of the welding effect promoted in subsequent soldering processes.
B3, heating spoke substrate: the wheel rim base plate heating being provided with liner plate is formed hot wheel rim substrate to more than 950 DEG C; Heat and make liner plate 82 and wheel rim substrate 8 form integrative-structure (see Figure 15).
B4, shaping spoke: the axis along hot spoke substrate is carried out punching press and makes spoke cool after shape spoke 9 again, spoke 9 comprises the spoke perisporium 91 of taper and is connected to the spoke end wall 92 of spoke perisporium miner diameter end, and liner plate 82 is positioned at the outside (see Figure 16) in the space that the outside of spoke end wall 92 and spoke surround.The cooling detailed process of this step is: be cooled to 200 DEG C of +/-25 DEG C in expansion pressure machine (equipment for existing making wheel) after, then shifts out and naturally cool in atmosphere.This cooling means is conducive to accelerating hydrogen and diffuses out from metal, thus avoids hydrogen embrittlement, and the quality of hydrogen embrittlement to wheel is harmful.
B2, the shaping spoke welding ends conical surface: the end face 911 of spoke perisporium bigger diameter end is processed into the conical surface (see Figure 17) being positioned at the space 93 that spoke blank surrounds.
B5, shaping air holes: on spoke perisporium 91, offer the air holes 96(along the distribution of spoke 9 circumference of design quantity (in the present embodiment being 10) see Figure 18).Air holes is formed by laser cutting.
Rim and spoke connects operation and comprises following making step:
C1, by wheel rim 7 cover be set to spoke perisporium 91 bigger diameter end (see Figure 19).
C2, spoke perisporium 91 and wheel rim 7 to be welded together (see Figure 19).
See Figure 19, the external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel that the present invention produces, comprise wheel rim 7 and spoke 9, spoke 9 comprises spoke perisporium 91 and spoke end wall 92, spoke perisporium 92 welds together with wheel rim 7, spoke end wall 92 is provided with liner plate 82, and liner plate 82 is positioned at the outside in the space that wheel rim 9 surrounds, and liner plate 82 and spoke end wall 92 form integrative-structure by the mode of above-mentioned heating to link together.
See Figure 20, be interference fit between the bigger diameter end of spoke perisporium 91 and wheel rim 7.The magnitude of interference between spoke perisporium 91 and wheel rim 7 is 0.5 millimeter to 2.5 millimeters.Too little interference fit can cause the premature failure of attachment weld, and too large interference fit can cause assembling difficulty and cause wheel rim bcad seats relative to the radial deflection in wheel center hole.
The pad 97 formed when welding spoke perisporium 91 and wheel rim 7 is positioned at the Fit of wheel rim and spoke perisporium.
The preferred Laser Welding of welding of spoke and wheel rim.In this step, the detailed process of Laser Welding is: laser beam is parallel to wheel rim axis and contains the joint of spoke and wheel rim.This welding manner can reduce the softening of the heat affected area of pad and weld the Wheel deflection caused.The distortion of wheel can affect the uniformity of wheel and make it not by the welcome of client.
C3, formed central hole and bolt hole: carried out by fabrication hole 81 opening up and expand and form the centre bore 94 be positioned on spoke end wall 92, spoke end wall 92 being offered in bolt hole 95(the present embodiment of setting quantity is 10), the circumference distribution in bolt hole 95 centrally hole 94.After wheel rim and spoke connect, start centre bore and bolt hole again, the precision of hole site can be ensured easily.
Air holes, centre bore and bolt hole are all formed by laser cutting.Laser cutting parameter is selected to be that the micro-crack cutting hole or punching can cause the reduction greatly of spoke performance and uncertain fatigue properties, then can avoid through laser cutting because the wheel of the method making is very high to the susceptibility of microcrack.
Namely after wheel rim is shaping after steps A 4 and also need to carry out wheel rim pickling before being linked together with spoke by wheel rim and remove oxide surface layer.Namely after wheel rim is shaping after step B4 and also need to carry out spoke pickling before being linked together with spoke by wheel rim and remove oxide surface layer.The existence of oxide layer can affect follow-up technique as welding, increase coating etc.Pickling scale removal does not cause minimizing so that the distortion of spoke wheel rim stress.Preferred organic acidity, the defect of organic acidity hydrogen embrittlement can be significantly improved.
Embodiment two, the difference with embodiment one is:
See Figure 22, in step bl is determined. also some grooves 83 are set on the surface at the position that the same liner plate of spoke substrate 8 is connected.Groove 83 is punching press formation.
See Figure 23, when liner plate 82 covers groove 83 completely and makes heating in step B3 and make liner plate 82 and wheel rim substrate 8 form integrative-structure in step B2, form air spring chamber 84 in groove 83 place.The effect that air spring is played in air spring chamber 84 is set, thus the vibration in driving conditions can be cushioned.Spoke substrate 8 produces protruding 85 away from the position of the side respective slot 83 of liner plate in the process forming groove 83.
In step B4, extrude air spring chamber 84 and make air spring chamber reduce and improve other effect by elastic force of air pressure of inside, air spring chamber.The formation of protruding 85 can improve convenience when extruding air spring chamber.
The external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel that embodiment two is produced has air spring chamber in spoke end face.
In above embodiment can be existing then a kind of steel plate for making the steel plate of wheel rim and spoke, and just AC3 temperature is different, but preferred boron alloyed steel, and can realize lightweight better, the AC3 temperature of boron alloyed steel is 950 DEG C.
Claims (10)
1. an external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel preparation method, comprises making wheel rim operation, making spoke operation is connected operation with rim and spoke, it is characterized in that,
Described making wheel rim operation comprises following making step:
A1, shaping wheel rim pipe: the closed pipe producing circumferential closure with steel plate;
A2, shaping wheel rim blank: closed circle control is made the wheel rim blank that diameter is less than rim design diameter;
A3, heating wheel rim blank: wheel rim blank is heated to more than the Ac3 temperature of the material making wheel rim blank and is heated to wheel rim blank microstructure and be converted into austenite and form hot wheel rim blank;
A4, shaping wheel rim: hot wheel rim blank is radially expanded to and cools again after diameter reaches the intended diameter of wheel rim and form wheel rim;
Described making spoke operation comprises following making step:
The spoke substrate of B1, forming strip fabrication hole: the spoke substrate being processed circular sheet-like structures by steel plate, processes fabrication hole at the center of spoke substrate;
B2, arrange annular liner plate in the center of spoke substrate outer face, the material of liner plate is identical with spoke baseplate material;
B3, heating spoke substrate: wheel rim substrate and liner plate be heated to more than the Ac3 temperature of the material making spoke substrate and be heated to spoke substrate and liner plate microstructure is converted into austenite and forms hot spoke substrate, in this heating process, liner plate and spoke substrate form integrative-structure;
B4, shaping spoke: the axis along hot spoke substrate carries out extruding and makes spoke cool after shape spoke again, described spoke comprises the spoke perisporium of taper and is connected to the spoke end wall of spoke perisporium miner diameter end; Described liner plate is positioned at the outside in the space that spoke surrounds;
Described rim and spoke connects operation and comprises following making step:
C1, wheel rim cover is set on spoke perisporium bigger diameter end;
C2, spoke perisporium and wheel rim to be welded together.
2. external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, between steps A 2 and steps A 3, also comprise step a1, offer valve port plane is set: extruding the plane for offering valve port at the position that wheel rim blank arranges valve port.
3. external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, steps A 2 comprises the following steps:
A2-1, the shaping horn mouth of outer expansion: formation horn mouth is radially expanded at the axial two ends of closed pipe;
A2-2, interior expansion is formed has the wheel rim of wheel rim: bell-mouthed free end and closed pipe are all radially inwardly expanded and obtained diameter be less than rim design diameter wheel rim blank, formed on described horn mouth when expanding along the radially outward protruding wheel rim of wheel rim blank.
4. external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, steps A 1 comprises the following steps:
A1-1, shaping wheel rim substrate: the wheel rim substrate being processed bar shaped laminated structure by steel plate;
A1-2, forming strip gap pipe: wheel rim substrate is rolled into the band gap pipe with butt seam;
A1-3, forming strip gap flat tube: by the two ends of wheel rim substrate by arcuate structure complanation structure, make band gap pipe become the band gap flat tube that butt seam place is planar structure;
A1-4, shaping closed flat tube: welded together at the two ends of wheel rim substrate and form weld seam at butt seam place, make to be with gap flat tube to become the closed flat tube of circumferential closure;
A1-5, shaping closed pipe: the commissure of closed flat tube is become arcuate structure by planar structure, make closed flat tube become closed pipe.
5. external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, also comprise the welding slag of step a2, removing commissure between steps A 1-4 and steps A 1-5.
6. external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, step a2 comprises the following steps:
A2-1, by the welding slag removing of weld seam along the radial both sides of closed flat tube;
A2-2, by the welding slag removing of weld seam along the axial both sides of closed flat tube.
7. the external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel preparation method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, it is characterized in that, between step B3 and step C1, also comprise step b2, the shaping spoke welding ends conical surface: the end face of spoke perisporium bigger diameter end is processed into the conical surface being positioned at the interior volume that spoke surrounds.
8. the external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel preparation method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, is characterized in that, is interference fit between the bigger diameter end of spoke perisporium and wheel rim in step C1.
9. external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel preparation method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the pad formed in step C2 is positioned at the Fit of wheel rim and spoke perisporium.
10. an external upset (EU) formula punching press sclerosis wheel, comprise wheel rim and spoke, it is characterized in that, described spoke comprises spoke perisporium and spoke end wall, described spoke perisporium is fixed together with described wheel rim, described spoke end wall is provided with liner plate, and described liner plate is positioned at the outside in space that wheel good fortune surrounds, and described liner plate and spoke end wall form integrative-structure by mode more than the AC3 temperature that is heated to material and link together.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN108544191A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-09-18 | 东营艾赛特机械科技有限公司 | A kind of truck thermoforming spoke production technology |
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| CN104551554B (en) | 2017-01-18 |
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