CN104550990A - Method and device for preparing superfine spherical high-melt-point metal powder for 3D printing - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing superfine spherical high-melt-point metal powder for 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104550990A CN104550990A CN201510045330.7A CN201510045330A CN104550990A CN 104550990 A CN104550990 A CN 104550990A CN 201510045330 A CN201510045330 A CN 201510045330A CN 104550990 A CN104550990 A CN 104550990A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for preparing superfine spherical high-melt-point metal powder for 3D printing. The device comprises a shell, a crucible disposed in the shell and a collecting bin disposed on the lower portion of the shell. The device is characterized in that a thermal coupler is disposed inside the crucible, and a heating band is disposed outside the crucible; the collecting bin is fixed with the shell through a support, an annular descending pipe is disposed between the shell and the collecting bin, a centrifugal plate is disposed at a position, which is opposite to the lower end of the annular descending pipe, in a collecting bin cavity, the centrifugal plate is supported by a support column, and a collecting groove is formed in the bottom of the collecting bin. The invention further discloses a method for preparing the superfine spherical high-melt-point metal powder for 3D printing. The method combines a pulse micro-pore injection method and a centrifugal atomizing method. The method and the device have the advantages that the high-melt-point metal powder satisfying requirements can be prepared efficiently, and the prepared metal power is controllable in particle size, narrow in particle size distribution interval, high in sphericity, free of satellite droplet, good in flowability and spreading property, high in production efficiency, low in cost and suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field prepared by refractory metal powder, specifically a kind of method and apparatus utilizing pulse micropore gunite to combine with centrifugal atomization to prepare 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder.
Background technology
Along with material is to light littleization, integrated direction development, spherical powder material all has in Electronic Packaging, energy and material, biomedicine etc. to be paid close attention to widely and applies, especially in 3D printing.3D printing technique breaches traditional technology of preparing, is that a kind of powdery metal or plastics etc. of using can jointing material, is carried out the technology of constructed object by the mode successively printed, the preparation of complicated micro-member can be realized, and production efficiency is high, stock utilization is high, without the need to mould.Along with the fast development of 3D printing technique, printing 3D also can be increasing by the demand of spherical refractory metal powder, and 3D printing spherical powder demand fulfillment sphericity is high, good mobility and spreadability, and size uniform is controlled, and without satellite droplet.The preparation meeting the metal dust that 3D printing requires has become the bottleneck of the sector technical development.
The method of commercial production of metals spherical powder is mainly atomization both at home and abroad at present, comprises aerosolization method, water atomization and centrifugal atomization etc.But the size distribution of powder prepared by atomization is large, must, by repeatedly sieving the powder that just can be met Particle size requirements, production efficiency be reduced greatly, especially when size has strict demand; Atomization easily produces satellite droplet, makes powder surface adhesion satellite droplet, reduces mobility and the spreadability of powder, cannot meet the requirement of 3D printing powder.Additive method is all confined to as chopping or punching remelting process, the homogeneous drop method of forming metal dust preparing low melting point, is in open position at present to the preparation of high-melting-point globular metallic powder.Therefore, the technical barrier providing a kind of preparation method of refractory metal powder and preparation facilities to prepare to solve 3D printing powder is necessary.
Summary of the invention
Poor according to the sphericity existed in the 3D printing metal powder preparation process of above-mentioned proposition, the problem such as spreadability and poor fluidity, and a kind of method and apparatus preparing 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder is provided.The present invention mainly in conjunction with pulse micropore gunite and centrifugal atomization two kinds of methods, can prepare dexterously sphericity high, have good fluidity and spreadability, size uniform controlled and without satellite droplet, meet the refractory metal powder that 3D prints instructions for use.
The technological means that the present invention adopts is as follows:
A kind of device preparing 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder, comprise housing, be arranged at the crucible in described housing and the collecting bin being arranged at described lower housing portion, described crucible is placed in the top in described housing, the drive link be connected with the piezoelectric ceramics being arranged on described hull outside is provided with in described crucible, the lower end of described drive link faces toward the centre bore of described crucible bottom, narrow meshed pad is fixed with bottom described centre bore, described housing is provided with and is inserted into enterprising gas port in described crucible and upper air bleeding valve, described housing is also provided with diffusion pump and mechanical pump, described housing is also provided with cavity air inlet and cavity air bleeding valve, it is characterized in that:
Described crucible inside is provided with thermocouple, and described crucible outside is provided with heating tape;
Described collecting bin is fixed by support and described housing, be provided with between described housing and described collecting bin connect, for from described narrow meshed pad (20) aperture ejection drips annular landing pipe, relative position, pipe lower end of landing in described collecting bin cavity, with described annular is provided with centrifugal pan, described centrifugal pan is supported by support column, is provided with feeder bottom described collecting bin.
Add for convenience of raw material and finished product collection, the side of described housing is provided with fire door, and the side of described collecting bin is provided with collection door.The junction of drive link and crucible top uses dynamic seal to seal, in the cavity that drive link extend into crucible and melt inner, the hole that melt ejects narrow meshed pad under the drive of drive link forms drop, droplet falls free is by annular landing pipe, drop on centrifugal pan, under centrifugal action, be broken into more droplet, and fall to solidifying formation metal dust, finally drop in feeder.The area of feeder can collect metal dust enough greatly completely, the height of collecting bin meets drop can be completed during free-falling and solidify after centrifugal breaking, the width of collecting bin meets and is greater than the flying distance of drop after centrifugal breaking, namely in dropping process, is frozen into metal dust after drop centrifugal breaking and drops in feeder.
Further, on the top-down direction of described device, described piezoelectric ceramics, described drive link, described crucible, described heating tape, described pad and described annular landing pipe are positioned on same axis.
Further, the position that described centrifugal pan is placed can make droplets fall arrive about 1/2nd centrifugal pan radius.
Further, the center-hole diameter on described crucible is greater than the hole diameter of narrow meshed pad, and the pore diameter range of described narrow meshed pad is between 0.02mm-2.0mm.
Further, the material of described narrow meshed pad is greater than 90 ° with the angle of wetting of the motlten metal be placed in described crucible.
Further, described centrifugal pan is graphite disk, and the rotating speed of described centrifugal pan is 10000rpm-40000rpm.
The invention also discloses the method adopting said apparatus to prepare 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. feed: seal being encased in crucible after raw mill to the average grain diameter preset;
2. vacuumize and heating: utilize mechanical pump and diffusion pump to vacuumize described crucible and described housing, and be filled with high-purity inert gas; According to the heating power of the fusing point setting heating tape of raw material to be heated, after temperature to be heated to fusing point, insulation makes raw material be molten into melt completely; The position of manual adjustment drive link is to being predeterminable range between drive link and narrow meshed pad;
3. liquid droplets: the pulse signal inputting certain wave mode to piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric ceramics drives drive link to move down extruding melt, in crucible, pass into high-purity inert gas by enterprising gas port simultaneously, make to reach certain differential pressure between the crucible chamber of described crucible and the cavity of described housing, under the effect of differential pressure and pulse, melt forms drop from the aperture ejection the foraminate pad of band;
4. powder is formed: droplet falls free is by annular landing pipe, drop on the centrifugal pan of High Rotation Speed, under the influence of centrifugal force the microlayer model of breakup of drop Cheng Geng little, microlayer model solidifies without container in dropping process, form metal dust, drop in feeder;
5. collect powder: after preparation terminates, stop the heating of heating tape and the rotation of centrifugal pan, close mechanical pump, diffusion pump, cavity air inlet, cavity air bleeding valve, enterprising gas port and upper air bleeding valve, open collection door, take out the metal dust in feeder.
Further, the average grain diameter of described raw mill is 1cm-2cm, is encased in described crucible by fire door, and the raw material amount of putting into is the 1/4-3/4 of described crucible volume.
Further, manually position to the distance between drive link and narrow meshed pad of adjustment drive link is 2cm-5cm.
Further, step 3. in, after passing into high-purity inert gas, making to reach differential pressure between the crucible chamber of described crucible and the cavity of described housing is 0-200kPa.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention devises the device efficiently can preparing refractory metal spherical powder that a kind of pulse micropore gunite combines with centrifugal atomization, the high melting point metal materials melted in crucible is under the effect of differential pressure and pulse-type disturbance, sprayed by crucible bottom aperture, form symmetrical liquid drop, drop drop on High Rotation Speed centrifugal pan, and due to the effect of centrifugal force, uniform droplet is by broken one by one, form the microlayer model that size is less, microlayer model solidifies formation powder through free-falling.Pulse micropore gunite can overcome the deficiency of additive method on refractory metal sprays, and realize the injection of refractory metal symmetrical liquid drop, and the drop ejected is without satellite droplet, sphericity is high.
The metallic uniform particle diameter controlled (relative deviation is less than 1.8%) that pulse micropore gunite is produced, but single hole prepares the underproduce to meet the demand day by day increased of particle, after being combined with atomization, greatly improve the output of powder, and after atomization, the size of drop reduces greatly.In the present invention, drop sprays and is completed by pulse MP method, can ensure the uniform particle diameter of drop, steady quality, broken by centrifugal atomization again, namely single drop is atomized through secondary centrifuging, makes the microlayer model domain size distribution interval of shaping very narrow, output is high, meets industrial requirement.
Process controllability of the present invention is strong, show following some: the heating-up temperature that accurately can be controlled crucible by heating tape; By passing into inert gas in crucible and housing, the pressure differential in crucible and housing can be controlled; The size of the aperture of the narrow meshed pad of crucible bottom can control the size of drop, through centrifugal atomizing, controls the domain size distribution of metal microparticle further; The rotating speed of centrifugal pan is controlled, and namely the effect of centrifugal atomizing is controlled, can control the domain size distribution of spherical metal powder further; Technological parameter adjustable with can control, can obtain the globular metallic powder of satisfactory domain size distribution and size, production efficiency increases substantially.
Efficiently can be prepared the 3D printing refractory metal powder met the demands by the present invention, size tunable, domain size distribution interval are narrow, and sphericity is high, good without satellite droplet, mobility and spreadability, and production efficiency is high, cost is low, and suitability for industrialized is produced.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
In figure: 1, piezoelectric ceramics 2, dynamic seal 3, crucible chamber 4, drive link 5, crucible 6, melt 7, heating tape 8, fire door 9, housing 10, screw 11, support 12, centrifugal pan 13, collecting bin 14, support column 15, collection door 16, metal dust 17, feeder 18, drop 19, annular landing pipe 20, narrow meshed pad 21, cavity air inlet 22, diffusion pump 23, mechanical pump 24, cavity air bleeding valve 25, enterprising gas port 26, upper air bleeding valve.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of device preparing 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder, comprise housing 9, be arranged at the crucible 5 in described housing 9 and be arranged at the collecting bin 13 of described housing 9 bottom, described crucible 5 is placed in the top in described housing 9, described crucible 5 inside is provided with thermocouple, and described crucible 5 outside is provided with heating tape 7, the drive link 4 be connected with the piezoelectric ceramics 1 being arranged on described housing 9 outside is provided with in described crucible 5, the position that described drive link 4 is connected with described crucible 5 top is provided with dynamic seal 2 and seals, the lower end of described drive link 4 is facing to the centre bore bottom described crucible 5, narrow meshed pad 20 is fixed with bottom described centre bore, described narrow meshed pad 20 can be bolt with holes, also or the pad made of other corrosion-and high-temp-resistant materials with holes, by screw 10 (as shown in FIG.), narrow meshed pad 20 is fixed on bottom described crucible 5, center-hole diameter on described crucible 5 is greater than the hole diameter of narrow meshed pad 20, the pore diameter range of described narrow meshed pad 20 is between 0.02mm-2.0mm.The material of described narrow meshed pad 20 is greater than 90 ° with the angle of wetting of the motlten metal 6 be placed in described crucible 5.
Described housing 9 is provided with and is inserted into enterprising gas port 25 in described crucible 5 and upper air bleeding valve 26, as shown in the figure, enterprising gas port 25 and upper air bleeding valve 26 are opened in the top of described crucible 5, the sidewall of described housing 9 is also provided with diffusion pump 22 and mechanical pump 23, described housing 9 is also provided with cavity air inlet 21 and cavity air bleeding valve 24, the side of described housing 9 is provided with fire door 8, and the side of described collecting bin 13 is provided with collects door 15.
Described collecting bin 13 is fixed by support 11 and described housing 9, that connect, for dripping from the drop 18 of the aperture ejection on described narrow meshed pad 20 annular landing pipe 19 is provided with between described housing 9 and described collecting bin 13, relative position, pipe 19 lower end of landing in described collecting bin 13 cavity, with described annular is provided with centrifugal pan 12, described centrifugal pan 12 is supported by support column 14, is provided with feeder 17 bottom described collecting bin 13.
On the top-down direction of described device, described piezoelectric ceramics 1, described drive link 4, described crucible 5, described heating tape 7, described pad 20 and described annular landing pipe 19 are positioned on same axis.
The position that described centrifugal pan 12 is placed can make drop 18 drop to about 1/2nd centrifugal pan 12 radius.
Described centrifugal pan 12 is graphite disk, and the rotating speed of described centrifugal pan 12 is 10000rpm-40000rpm.
Utilize apparatus of the present invention to prepare the method for 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder, comprise the steps:
1. feed: be after the particle of 1cm-2cm to average grain diameter by raw mill, open fire door 8 and be encased in sealing in crucible 5, the raw material amount of putting into is the 1/4-3/4 of described crucible 5 volume;
2. vacuumize and heating: utilize mechanical pump 23 and diffusion pump 22 to be evacuated to 10 to the crucible chamber 3 of described crucible 5 and described housing 9
-3pa, and be filled with high-purity inert gas, as argon gas, helium; According to the heating power of the fusing point setting heating tape 7 of raw material to be heated, be incubated 20-40min after temperature to be heated to fusing point and make raw material be molten into melt 6 completely; The position of manual adjustment drive link 4 is 2cm-5cm to drive link 4 and the spacing of narrow meshed pad 20;
3. liquid droplets: the pulse signal inputting certain wave mode to piezoelectric ceramics 1, piezoelectric ceramics 1 drives drive link 4 to move down extruding melt 6, in crucible 5, pass into high-purity inert gas by enterprising gas port 25 simultaneously, making to reach differential pressure between the crucible chamber 3 of described crucible 5 and the cavity of described housing 9 is 0-200kPa, under the effect of differential pressure and pulse, melt 6 forms drop 18 from the aperture ejection the foraminate pad 20 of band;
4. powder is formed: drop 18 falls freely through annular landing pipe 19, drop on the centrifugal pan 12 of High Rotation Speed, drop 18 is broken into less microlayer model under the influence of centrifugal force, and microlayer model solidifies without container in dropping process, form metal dust 16, drop in feeder 17;
5. powder is collected: after preparation terminates, stop the heating of heating tape 7 and the rotation of centrifugal pan 12, close mechanical pump 23, diffusion pump 22, cavity air inlet 21, cavity air bleeding valve 24, enterprising gas port 25 and upper air bleeding valve 26, open and collect door 15, take out the metal dust 16 in feeder 17.
Embodiment 1
Prepare 3D printing copper metal powder end by above-mentioned apparatus and method, detailed description of the invention is as follows:
First copper billet is broken into the blocky-shaped particle that particle diameter is 2cm size, load bottom with in the crucible 5 of centre bore, the charge weight of copper particle reaches 1/2 of described crucible 5 capacity, then be the narrow meshed bolt (i.e. narrow meshed pad 20) of graphite is installed to crucible 5 bottom by uniform four screws 10 by material, close upper furnace door 8; With mechanical pump 23, crucible chamber 3, housing 9 and collecting bin 13 are extracted into low vacuum 1Pa-5Pa, then use diffusion pump 22 pumping high vacuum to 10
-3pa, is filled with high-purity inert gas argon gas to atmospheric pressure; Setting power is that heating tape 7 is energized, and temperature reaches the follow-up temperature of continuing rising of fusing point of copper to overheated 10 DEG C, and insulation 30min, makes copper particle in crucible 5 all be fused into melt 6; The position of manual adjustments drive link 4, makes drive link 4 and narrow meshed bolt 20 at a distance of 2-5cm; Open enterprising gas port 25 and upper air bleeding valve 26, be filled with high purity inert gas argon gas to crucible chamber 3, make the differential pressure between crucible chamber 3 and housing 9 reach 50kPa; Input the pulse signal of rectangular wave secondly to piezoelectric ceramics 1, piezoelectric ceramics 1 drives drive link 4 vibration-extrusion melt 6 downwards, and melt 6 is eject the aperture of the narrow meshed bolt of graphite to form drop 18 from material; Drop 18 falls freely through annular landing pipe 19, drop on the centrifugal pan 12 of High Rotation Speed, drop 18 is broken into less microlayer model under the influence of centrifugal force, and microlayer model solidifies without container in dropping process, form metal dust 16, drop in feeder 17; After end to be prepared, stop the heating of heating tape 7 and the rotation of centrifugal pan 12, close mechanical pump 23, diffusion pump 22, cavity air inlet 21, cavity air bleeding valve 24, enterprising gas port 25 and upper air bleeding valve 26, open and collect door 15, take out the metal dust 16 in feeder 17.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably detailed description of the invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof and replace or change, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. prepare the device of 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder for one kind, comprise housing (9), be arranged at the crucible (5) in described housing (9) and be arranged at the collecting bin (13) of described housing (9) bottom, described crucible (5) is placed in the top in described housing (9), the drive link (4) that the piezoelectric ceramics (1) outside with being arranged on described housing (9) is connected is provided with in described crucible (5), the lower end of described drive link (4) is facing to the centre bore bottom described crucible (5), narrow meshed pad (20) is fixed with bottom described centre bore, described housing (9) is provided with and is inserted into enterprising gas port (25) in described crucible (5) and upper air bleeding valve (26), described housing (9) is also provided with diffusion pump (22) and mechanical pump (23), described housing (9) is also provided with cavity air inlet (21) and cavity air bleeding valve (24), it is characterized in that:
Described crucible (5) inside is provided with thermocouple, and described crucible (5) outside is provided with heating tape (7);
Described collecting bin (13) is fixed by support (11) and described housing (9), to be provided with between described housing (9) and described collecting bin (13) and to connect, for annular landing pipe (19) of dripping from the drop (18) of the aperture ejection on described narrow meshed pad (20), in described collecting bin (13) cavity, land with described annular and manage relative position, (19) lower end and be provided with centrifugal pan (12), described centrifugal pan (12) is supported by support column (14), described collecting bin (13) bottom is provided with feeder (17).
2. the device of preparation 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on the top-down direction of described device, described piezoelectric ceramics (1), described drive link (4), described crucible (5), described heating tape (7), described pad (20) and described annular landing pipe (19) are positioned on same axis.
3. the device of preparation 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the position that described centrifugal pan (12) is placed can make drop (18) drop to about 1/2nd centrifugal pan (12) radius.
4. the device of preparation 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the center-hole diameter on described crucible (5) is greater than the hole diameter of narrow meshed pad (20), the pore diameter range of described narrow meshed pad (20) is between 0.02mm-2.0mm.
5. the device of preparation 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of described narrow meshed pad (20) is greater than 90 ° with the angle of wetting of the motlten metal (6) be placed in described crucible (5).
6. the device of preparation 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described centrifugal pan (12) is graphite disk, the rotating speed of described centrifugal pan (12) is 10000rpm-40000rpm.
7. prepare a method for 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. feed: be encased in sealing in crucible (5) by after raw mill to the average grain diameter preset;
2. vacuumize and heating: utilize mechanical pump (23) and diffusion pump (22) to vacuumize described crucible (5) and described housing (9), and be filled with high-purity inert gas; According to the heating power of fusing point setting heating tape (7) of raw material to be heated, after temperature to be heated to fusing point, insulation makes raw material be molten into melt (6) completely; The position of manual adjustment drive link (4) is to being predeterminable range between drive link (4) and narrow meshed pad (20);
3. liquid droplets: the pulse signal inputting certain wave mode to piezoelectric ceramics (1), piezoelectric ceramics (1) drives drive link (4) to move down extruding melt (6), in crucible (5), pass into high-purity inert gas by enterprising gas port (25) simultaneously, make to reach certain differential pressure between the crucible chamber (3) of described crucible (5) and the cavity of described housing (9), under the effect of differential pressure and pulse, melt (6) forms drop (18) from the aperture ejection the foraminate pad of band (20);
4. powder is formed: drop (18) falls freely through annular landing pipe (19), drop on the centrifugal pan (12) of High Rotation Speed, drop (18) is broken into less microlayer model under the influence of centrifugal force, microlayer model solidifies without container in dropping process, form metal dust (16), drop in feeder (17);
5. powder is collected: after preparation terminates, stop the heating of heating tape (7) and the rotation of centrifugal pan (12), close mechanical pump (23), diffusion pump (22), cavity air inlet (21), cavity air bleeding valve (24), enterprising gas port (25) and upper air bleeding valve (26), open and collect door (15), take out the metal dust (16) in feeder (17).
8. the method preparing 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the average grain diameter of described raw mill is 1cm-2cm, be encased in described crucible (5) by fire door (8), the raw material amount of putting into is the 1/4-3/4 of described crucible (5) volume.
9. the method preparing 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the position manually adjusting drive link (4) is 2cm-5cm to the distance between drive link (4) and narrow meshed pad (20).
10. the method preparing 3D printing superfine spherical refractory metal powder according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: step 3. in, after passing into high-purity inert gas, making to reach differential pressure between the crucible chamber (3) of described crucible (5) and the cavity of described housing (9) is 0-200kPa.
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| CN105312587A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-02-10 | 东北大学 | Centrifugal atomizing device for preparing metal powder |
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