CN104550593A - Forging and pressing method of steel rail heel and three-position molding die used thereby - Google Patents
Forging and pressing method of steel rail heel and three-position molding die used thereby Download PDFInfo
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- CN104550593A CN104550593A CN201410850954.1A CN201410850954A CN104550593A CN 104550593 A CN104550593 A CN 104550593A CN 201410850954 A CN201410850954 A CN 201410850954A CN 104550593 A CN104550593 A CN 104550593A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 title abstract 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 109
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
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Abstract
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a forging and pressing method of steel rail heel; a steel rail heel comprises a pre-forging heel and a final forging heel; the pre-forging heel comprises a first section, a second section, and a third section; the final forging heel comprises a fourth section and a fifth section; the method specifically comprises the following steps: implementing a first stage forging and pressing after heating the first section, the second section and the third section, wherein the first two sections are molded by forging and pressing, the third section is pre-deformed; and implementing a second stage forging and pressing after heating the last three sections. The provided forging and pressing method adopts a measure of molding twice, thereby being able to solve the defect that the size of the molded final forging heel is unqualified, as well as greatly reducing the molding force in the entire steel rail heel product molding process. The second purpose of the invention is to provide a three-position molding die with a simple integral structure; a second upper die section inside a pre-forging rail molding cavity and a first pre-forging insert inside a final forging molding cavity are both in detachable structures, thereby meeting different requirements to the three-position molding die in the twice forging and pressing process; the three-position molding die is convenient to be assembled, and strong in practicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to railway switch tongue field, especially, relate to a kind of forging method of rail heel end and three station moulds of employing thereof.
Background technology
Domestic high speed, speed-raising and most of general fast railway switch tongue all adopt asymmetric section steel rail manufacture, be connected with rail track standard gauge and just require that linkage section is processed into standard gauge shape, so create asymmetric section steel rail hot forging pointing rail, the most asymmetric section steel rail forges into the long changeover portion part of 150mm, the standard section rail that 450mm is long.
Gapless track is an important new technology of current track structure.Gapless track heel of switch rail adopts welding manner to be connected with guide rail by tongue, and because the state of the art limits during design, heel of switch rail welding position is arranged at two switch tie centre positions.Because the switch angle of tongue is comparatively large in actual use procedure, train is large to the impulsive force of tongue, and the point of switch is easy to the diseases such as abrasion, damage, lateral bending.In gapless track, the tongue life-span is starkly lower than the stock rail docked with it.Normal conditions, tongue needs after using a period of time to change, but can also continue to use with the guide rail of its butt welding.Current tongue replacing together can be changed together with guide rail thereafter.If there is the tongue product that heel end shaping segment lenght lengthens, can directly guide rail be retained when changing tongue.Adopt this kind of tongue to save cost, reduce line upkeep workload, reduce circuit welding times.If guide rail is provided with cementing insulation, then can reduce cementing insulation operation.
Domestic track switch plant equipment ability all configures by meeting existing rail heel end shaping segment lenght forging forming, the maximum tonnage of existing rail heel end forging forming forcing press is about 5000t, after profiled section lengthens, if integral one-step molding, mold cavity is not longitudinally closed, shaping rear steel rail ends can certainly exist stub bar, shaping segment lenght reaches 1050mm, then mold cavity must be greater than 1050mm, and comprises the length of stub bar, and die length is long, shaping rail length is long, deformable metal amount is large, and metal deformation resistance increases severely, and equipment tonnage is inadequate.
For realizing railway modernization and great-leap-forward development, adapt to the raising of running speed, the growth of freight volume, the requirement of operate steadily security and comfortableness, comprehensive various factors, in the urgent need to developing the product that asymmetric section steel rail heel end forging and stamping segment length lengthens, therefore, design a kind of can realize producing the rail heel end product of lengthening forging method and the equipment that adopts have very important significance.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is the forging method providing a kind of rail heel end, and prepared the rail heel end product of lengthening by double fragmentation forging and stamping, concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of forging method of rail heel end, described rail heel end comprises the blocking heel end and finish-forging heel end of connecting successively, described blocking heel end comprise connect successively first paragraph, second segment and the 3rd section, the length of described first paragraph is 100mm-200mm, the length of described second segment is 450mm-650mm, and the length of described 3rd section is 150-200mm; Described finish-forging heel end comprises the 4th section and the 5th section of connecting successively, and described 4th section is connected with described 3rd section, and the length of described 4th section is 400-600mm, and the length of described 5th section is 150-200mm;
The forging and stamping of above-mentioned rail heel end specifically comprise the following steps:
Step one, first paragraph, second segment and the 3rd section are heated to 1100-1160 DEG C in induction furnace;
Step 2, by step one heating after first paragraph, second segment and the 3rd section of three station moulds on forcing press forge and press, obtain blocking rail heel end, wherein, described first paragraph and described second segment are carried out forging forming, carry out predeformation by described 3rd section;
Step 3, the blocking rail heel end described step 2 obtained carry out straightening process, the process of sawing stub bar and remove overlap process;
Step 4, described 3rd section, the 4th section and the 5th section are heated to 1100-1160 DEG C in induction furnace;
Step 5, by step 4 heating after the 3rd section, the 4th section and the 5th section of three station moulds on forcing press forge and press, obtain rail heel end product.
Preferred in above technical scheme, in described step 3, described straightening process is specially: passed through to correct by the rail bent after described step 2, keep whole one steel rail straight along its length; The process of described sawing stub bar is specially: the first paragraph sawing in the blocking rail heel end obtained in described step 2 fallen; The process of described removal overlap is specially: the flange of rail overlap removing second segment in the blocking rail heel end obtained in described step 2 and the 3rd section.
Apply the forging method of rail heel end of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
(1) forging method of rail heel end of the present invention adopts twice shaping means, the shaping rear out-of-size defect of finish-forging heel end can be solved, the forming force in whole rail heel end formed product process can be greatly reduced again, be specially: because after the 3rd section of finish forging, cross section metal amount is less than profiled section cross section metal amount, therefore, easily cause the shaping rear off-dimension of finish-forging heel end, after the present invention adopts segmentation to forge and press, 3rd section is only carried out blocking, not shapingly to put in place, reserve certain amount of metal, thus the up-to-standard of whole finish-forging heel end can have been ensured; The position producing distortion in forging and stamping process is only first paragraph and second segment, and deformable metal reduces more than one times, and metal deformation resistance greatly reduces, thus greatly reduces the deformation force of rail heel end in forging and stamping process; The present invention adopts twice heating, can overcome once heating can not complete rail heel end forging and stamping section add long products forging and stamping, the rail heel end product decarburization because heating times too much causes can be avoided again, be oxidized the thick defect of serious and molded part interior grain structure, ensure the quality of rail heel end product; The straightening process adopted in forging method of the present invention, the process of sawing stub bar and remove overlap process, solve the problem that the rail heel end that occurs in second time die mould process is interfered with mould, chewed, folds, substantially increase the quality of rail heel end product.
(2) in the forging method of rail heel end of the present invention, straightening process is specially: by the rail bent after step 2 by correcting, keep whole one steel rail longitudinally straight, be convenient to enter in step 4 heating furnace and step 5 three station mould, straightening process by the flexural deformation alignment of the blocking heel end after step one, step 2, can be avoided rail heel end to produce with heating furnace and mould in step 4, step 5 and interferes and chew; The process of described sawing stub bar is specially: blocking heel end first paragraph sawing step 2 obtained is fallen, and underproof for compact dimensions in step 2 stub bar can be removed by sawing process, ensures blocking heel end size qualification; The process of described removal overlap is specially: the second segment that removal step two obtains and the 3rd section of flange of rail overlap, can avoid producing fold defect in step 5 after removing overlap process.
The second object of the present invention is to disclose a kind of three station moulds implementing the forging method of above-mentioned rail heel end, comprises the blocking web of the rail die cavity, blocking rail limb die cavity and the finish-forging die cavity that are arranged in series successively;
Described blocking rail limb die cavity comprises the first patrix and matches with described first patrix and be arranged on the first counterdie immediately below it, described first patrix comprises the first patrix section and to connect successively with described first patrix section and for the second detachable patrix section or the 3rd patrix section along its length, described first patrix section is by the first stage, transition linkage section and connecting successively the staircase structural model formed with the second stage that the maximum drop between described first stage is 5mm-10mm, the length of described first stage is 390-440mm, its cavity surface comprises the first plane be set up in parallel successively along its width, convex surface and the second plane, drop between described first plane and described second plane is 2mm-4mm, the maximum drop of described convex surface and described second plane is 2mm-4mm, the length of described transition linkage section is 50mm-100mm, the length of described second stage is 450-500mm, the gradient of described second patrix section cavity surface is 11.5 °, and the gradient of described 3rd patrix section cavity surface is 7.8 °,
Described finish-forging die cavity comprises the second patrix and matches with described second patrix and be arranged on the second counterdie immediately below it; Described second patrix and described second counterdie are respectively equipped with in cavity shapes and the First Transition position be oppositely arranged and the second intermediate location, and described cavity place is respectively equipped with and matches with described First Transition position and for the first detachable blocking insert or the first finish-forging insert and match with described second intermediate location and be the second detachable blocking insert or the second finish-forging insert.
Preferred in above technical scheme, described first blocking insert and the first finish-forging insert include left and right and be arranged in parallel and the first left surface and the first right surface that are plane, all vertically with described first left surface arrange and be the first lower surface and first rear surface of plane, match with the die cavity groove bottom at First Transition position and from left to right by a1 face and b1 face connect the first upper surface of being formed and from left to right by c1 face and d1 face connect formed and the first cavity surface be oppositely arranged with described first rear surface, angle described in described first blocking insert between c1 face and described first left surface is 77 °, angle described in described first finish-forging insert between c1 face and described first left surface is 81 °,
Described second blocking insert and the second finish-forging insert include left and right and be arranged in parallel and the second left surface and the second right surface that are plane, all vertically with described second left surface arrange and be the second upper surface and second rear surface of plane, match with the die cavity groove bottom of the second intermediate location and from left to right by a2 face and b2 face connect the second lower surface of being formed and from left to right by c2 face and d2 face connect formed and the second cavity surface be oppositely arranged with described second rear surface, angle described in described second blocking insert between c2 face and described second left surface is 77 °, angle described in described second finish-forging insert between c2 face and described second left surface is 81 °.
In above technical scheme preferably, described first blocking insert, the first finish-forging insert, the second blocking insert and the second finish-forging insert are all fixed in described finish-forging die cavity by high-strength screw.
In above technical scheme preferably, the total length of described blocking web of the rail die cavity, blocking rail limb die cavity and finish-forging die cavity is 1360-1420mm; The Breadth Maximum of described blocking web of the rail die cavity is 205-210mm, and its upper impression top inner surface is more than or equal to 40mm to the distance of lower impressions bottom interior surface than the Breadth Maximum of the flange of rail in blocking heel end rail.
Apply three station moulds of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
(1) three station moulds of the present invention comprise the blocking web of the rail die cavity, blocking rail limb die cavity and the finish-forging die cavity that are arranged in series successively, and overall structure is simplified; The second patrix section in blocking rail limb die cavity in the first patrix and described 3rd patrix section are demountable structure, and the first blocking insert, the first finish-forging insert, the second blocking insert and the second finish-forging insert in finish-forging die cavity all adopts detachable mounting structure, be convenient to the assembling of three station moulds in adaptation twice forging and stamping process, practical; The first patrix in blocking rail limb die cavity adopts certain staircase structural model, avoids second segment to carry out flange of rail broadening in second step forging and stamping process.
(2) in the present invention, the structure of the first blocking insert, the first finish-forging insert, the second blocking insert and the second finish-forging insert is simplified, and can meet twice forging and stamping process well to the different requirements of its die cavity, saves cost; First blocking insert, the first finish-forging insert, the second blocking insert and the second finish-forging insert are all fixed in mold cavity by high-strength screw, and installation and removal are convenient, practical and good stability.
(3) total length of the web of the rail of blocking described in the present invention die cavity, blocking rail limb die cavity and finish-forging die cavity is 1360-1420mm, the Breadth Maximum of blocking web of the rail die cavity is 205-210mm, its upper impression top inner surface is more than or equal to 40mm to the distance of lower impressions bottom interior surface than the Breadth Maximum of the flange of rail in blocking heel end rail, meet the demand realizing the inventive method production and add gapless line heel end product, practical.
Except object described above, feature and advantage, the present invention also has other object, feature and advantage.Below with reference to figure, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The accompanying drawing forming a application's part is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the rail heel end product of the connection raw material section obtained by the forging method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the side view of the three station moulds that the forging method of rail heel end in the preferred embodiment of the present invention 1 adopts;
Fig. 3 is the top view of the first patrix section in the preferred embodiment of the present invention 1 three station mould;
Figure 31 is the A direction view of Fig. 3;
Figure 32 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 3;
Fig. 4 is the top view of the 3rd patrix section in the preferred embodiment of the present invention 1 three station mould;
Figure 41 is the rearview of the 3rd patrix section in the preferred embodiment of the present invention 1 three station mould;
Fig. 5 is the rearview of the second patrix section in the preferred embodiment of the present invention 1 three station mould;
Fig. 6 is the First Transition position of the second patrix and the partial structurtes schematic diagram of the first blocking insert in finish-forging die cavity in the preferred embodiment of the present invention 1 three station mould;
Figure 61 is the structural representation of the first blocking insert in Fig. 6;
Figure 62 is the structural representation of the second blocking insert in finish-forging die cavity in the preferred embodiment of the present invention 1 three station mould;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the second counterdie of finish-forging die cavity in the preferred embodiment of the present invention 1 three station mould;
Figure 71 is the F-F schematic partial sectional view of Fig. 7;
01-blocking heel end, 011-first paragraph, 012-second segment, 013-the 3rd section, 02-finish-forging heel end, 021-the 4th section, 022-the 5th section;
1-blocking web of the rail die cavity, 2-blocking rail limb die cavity, 21-first patrix, 211-first patrix section, 2111-first order step, 21111-first plane, 21112-convex surface, 21113-second plane, 2112-transition linkage section, 2113-second level step, 212-second patrix section, 213-the 3rd patrix section, 22-first counterdie, 3-finish-forging die cavity, 31-second patrix, 311-First Transition position, A1-first blocking insert, A2-second blocking insert, 32-second counterdie.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in detail, but the multitude of different ways that the present invention can limit according to claim and cover is implemented.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of rail heel end product, refer to Fig. 1, it comprises blocking heel end 01 and finish-forging heel end 02, described blocking heel end 01 comprise connect successively first paragraph 011, second segment 012 and the 3rd section 013, the length of described first paragraph 011 is 100mm-200mm, the length of described second segment 012 is 450-650mm, and the length of described 3rd section 013 is 150-200mm; Described finish-forging heel end 02 comprises the 4th section 021 and the 5th section 022 of connecting successively, and described 4th section 021 is connected with described 3rd section 013, the length of described 4th section 021 is 400-600mm, and the length of described 5th section 022 is 150-200mm, the 5th section of 022 raw material section 00 of ining succession;
The forging method producing above-mentioned rail heel end specifically comprises the following steps:
The first step: first paragraph 011, second segment 012 and the 3rd section 013 are heated to 1100-1160 DEG C in induction furnace;
Second step: first paragraph 011, second segment 012 and the 3rd section of 013 three station moulds on forcing press after heating in the first step are forged and pressed, obtain blocking rail heel end, wherein, described first paragraph 011, second segment 012 are carried out forging forming, described 3rd section 013 is carried out predeformation (predeformation refers to that this section of rail deforms, but distortion does not have final molding to put in place);
3rd step: the blocking rail heel end obtained by described second step carries out straightening process, the process of sawing stub bar and removes overlap process, described straightening process is specially: by the rail bent after second step by correcting, keeping whole one steel rail, straight along its length (namely rail is straight (perpendicular to its length direction along its length, the center line of former material section and profiled section two kinds of rail sections overlaps), tread face is straight, i.e. former material section and profiled section tread conllinear), be convenient to enter in the 4th step heating furnace and step 5 three station mould; The process of described sawing stub bar is specially: blocking heel end first paragraph 011 sawing obtained by second step is fallen; The process of described removal overlap is specially: the second segment 012 that removal second step obtains and the 3rd section of 013 flange of rail overlap;
4th step: the 3rd section 013, the 4th section 021 and the 5th section 022 are heated to 1100-1160 DEG C in induction furnace;
5th step: the 3rd section 013, the 4th section 021 after heating in the 4th step and the 5th section of 022 three station moulds on forcing press are forged and pressed, obtains finish-forging rail heel end product.
Apply the forging method of rail heel end of the present invention, there is following technique effect:
(1) adopt sectional forming, the stub bar after first time is shaping can be fallen by sawing, ensures the size of profiled section forward part; 3rd section of shaping position is subject to the restriction at molded position, is enclosed in mold cavity internal strain, can not form stub bar, and mould molding segment type chamber only needs 1050mm, and die cavity can also increase, thus adopts this mode can the shaping rail heel end more than 1050mm.
(2) during sectional forming, only carry out blocking by the 3rd section, have two technique effect: a, deformable metal reduces more than one times, metal deformation resistance greatly reduces, thus solves the problem of heel end forging and stamping global formation deformation force; B, first time are time shaping, if the 3rd section of finish forging puts in place, excess metal amount forms overlap loss, 3rd section of position is when second time is shaping, because after the 3rd section of finish forging, cross section metal amount is less than profiled section cross section metal amount, because amount of metal not can in this position insufficient fill after shaping, compact dimensions is defective, therefore, 3rd section of position only blocking and not shapingly to put in place when adopting first time shaping, reserved certain amount of metal, be convenient to second time shaping time finish forging, guarantee the quality of heel end product.
(3) rail of forging forming aftershaping needs to carry out straightening, sawing stub bar, remove overlap process for the first time, mainly solve the rail that occurs in second time forging forming process and mould is interfered, chewed, folding problem, concrete principle is: first time, shaping rear rail heel end was due to distortion, rail produces bending, affect progressive die, in mold cavity, have interference, have local in forging and stamping process and chew phenomenon; The overlap formed in forging forming process for the first time needs to clear up, and avoids being pressed into during second time die mould, is formed folding.
(4) twice heating is adopted, overcome the too much produced problem of heating times, segmentation is utilized to forge and press mode well, carry out the forging forming of rail heel end product, main cause is: existing more advanced rail heel end Forging Technology once heats rail, three work step moulds are adopted to carry out a forging forming, be difficult to during the forging and stamping of the rail heel end product of the method after lengthening realize, namely the forging and stamping of the rail heel end after substantially can not completing lengthening are once heated, but, if heating times is too much, the decarburization of rail heel end product can be caused, oxidation is serious, molded part interior grain structure is thick, greatly reduce the quality of rail heel end product.
The three station moulds adopted in above-mentioned rail heel end forging method process, comprise the blocking web of the rail die cavity 1, blocking rail limb die cavity 2 and the finish-forging die cavity 3 that are arranged in series successively, its left view refers to Fig. 2, and described blocking web of the rail die cavity 1 is identical with the structure of prior art.
Described blocking rail limb die cavity 2 comprises the first patrix 21 and matches with described first patrix 21 and be arranged on the first counterdie 22 immediately below it, along its length described first patrix 21 comprise the first patrix section 211 and with described first patrix section 211 connect successively and be detachable the second patrix section 212 or the 3rd patrix section 213, refer to Fig. 3, Figure 31, Figure 32, Fig. 4, Figure 41 and Fig. 5, described second patrix section 212 cavity surface gradient t1 is 11.5 °, refer to Fig. 5, the cavity surface gradient t2 of described 3rd patrix section 213 is 7.8 °, refer to Figure 41, the value of the cavity surface gradient t2 of the second patrix section 212 cavity surface gradient t1 and the 3rd patrix section 213 can also design according to the actual requirements accordingly in actual use.
Above-mentioned first patrix section 211 is by first order step 2111 along its length, transition linkage section 2112 and second level step 2113 connect successively formed staircase structural model, the cavity surface of described transition linkage section 2112 and described second level step 2113 is plane, refer to Fig. 3 and Figure 31, the length of described first order step 2111 is 390-440mm, its cavity surface comprises the first plane 21111 be set up in parallel successively along its width, convex surface 21112 and the second plane 21113, refer to Fig. 3 and Figure 32, drop between described first plane 21111 and described second plane 21113 is 2-4mm, described convex surface 21112 is 2mm-4mm with the maximum drop of described second plane 21113, the length of described transition linkage section 2112 is 50-100mm, the length of described second level step 2113 is 450-500mm, maximum drop between described first order step 2111 and described second level step 2113 is 5-10mm.
Described finish-forging die cavity 3 comprises the second patrix 31 and matches with described second patrix 31 and be arranged on the second counterdie 32 immediately below it; Described second patrix 31 and described second counterdie 32 are respectively equipped with in cavity shapes and the First Transition position 311 be oppositely arranged and the second intermediate location, described cavity place is respectively equipped with and matches with described First Transition position 311 and for the first detachable blocking insert A1 and the first finish-forging insert and match with described second intermediate location and be the second detachable blocking insert A2 and the second finish-forging insert, to refer to Fig. 6.
Described first blocking insert A1 and the first finish-forging insert include left and right and be arranged in parallel and the first left surface A11 and the first right surface A 12 that are plane, all vertically with described first left surface A11 arrange and be the first lower surface A13 and the first rear surface A14 of plane, match with the die cavity groove bottom at First Transition position 311 and from left to right by a1 face and b1 face connect the first upper surface A15 of being formed and from left to right by c1 face and d1 face connect formed and the first cavity surface A16 be oppositely arranged with described first rear surface A14, it is 77 ° at the angle described in described first blocking insert A1 between c1 face and described first left surface A11, it is 81 ° at the angle described in described first finish-forging insert between c1 face and described first left surface A11, refer to Figure 61.
Described second blocking insert A2 and the second finish-forging insert include left and right and be arranged in parallel and the second left surface A21 and the second right surface A 22 that are plane, all vertically with described second left surface A21 arrange and be the second upper surface A23 and the second rear surface A24 of plane, match with the die cavity groove bottom of the second intermediate location and from left to right by a2 face and b2 face connect the second lower surface A25 of being formed and from left to right by c2 face and d2 face connect formed and the second cavity surface A26 be oppositely arranged with described second rear surface A24, it is 77 ° at the angle described in described second blocking insert A2 between c2 face and described second left surface A21, it is 81 ° at the angle described in described second finish-forging insert between c2 face and described second left surface A21, refer to Figure 62.
First blocking insert A1 and the first finish-forging insert between the two and the second blocking insert A2 all different with the second finish-forging insert cavity surface angle between the two, meet twice forging and stamping process to the different requirements of finish-forging die cavity 3, practical.
Described first blocking insert A1, the first finish-forging insert, the second blocking insert A2 and the second finish-forging insert are all fixed in mold cavity by high-strength screw, and installation and removal are convenient, practical and good stability.
The structure of the termination web section of described finish-forging die cavity 3 refers to Fig. 7 and Figure 71, wherein surface 321 is made up of along its width the first paragraph arcwall face 3211 of connecting successively, second segment arcwall face 3212 and the 3rd section of arcwall face 3213, in its sectional drawing, refer to Figure 71, described first paragraph arcwall face 3211 adopts radius R 1 to be the arc surface of 20 millimeters, described second segment arcwall face 3212 adopts radius R 2 to be the arc surface of 400 millimeters, and described 3rd section of arcwall face 3213 adopts radius R 3 to be the arc surface of 15 millimeters.There is certain gradient to the position O2 (position of such as 450-650mm) apart from termination certain distance in the termination O1 of the upper surface 321 of termination web section along its length, the tangent value at the angle of inclination of this inclination place is 1:120-180, be preferably 1:150, main minimizing first time shaping rear second segment position is at mould type intracavity contact, it is avoided to continue to deform, further reduction deformation force, reduces the phenomenon that the fish tail space at the second segment position caused because of web of the rail distortion broadening is bigger than normal simultaneously.
In above-mentioned three station moulds, the total length of blocking web of the rail die cavity 1, blocking rail limb die cavity 2 and finish-forging die cavity 3 is 1360-1420mm, the Breadth Maximum of described blocking web of the rail die cavity 1 is 205-210mm, and its upper impression top inner surface is more than or equal to 40mm (namely in upper impression top inner surface to the blocking heel end rail nearest apart from it, in distance of flange of rail side and lower impressions bottom interior surface to the blocking heel end rail nearest apart from it, distance of flange of rail side is all more than or equal to 20 millimeters) to the distance of lower impressions bottom interior surface than the Breadth Maximum of the flange of rail in blocking heel end rail.
Apply three station moulds of the present invention, there is following technique effect:
There is certain angle of inclination along its length in die tip web section, main minimizing first time shaping rear second segment position is at mould type intracavity contact, avoid continuing distortion, reduce deformation force further, reduce web of the rail distortion broadening simultaneously and cause fish tail space, second segment position phenomenon bigger than normal.
In second time die mould process, put in place because second segment position is shaping, when blocking rail limb work step is shaping, in order to no longer carry out broadening to the in type flange of rail, on blocking rail limb work step, model cavity adopts staircase structural model.
In type second segment position rail height is comparatively large, and the width of blocking web of the rail work step mold cavity needs to strengthen, and ensures that in type second segment position can not occur to interfere situation with mould in second time forming process.
Adopt above-mentioned three station moulds, concrete forging and stamping process is as follows:
The first step: first paragraph 011, second segment 012 and the 3rd section 013 are heated to 1100-1160 DEG C in induction furnace;
Second step: first paragraph 011, second segment 012 and the 3rd section of 013 three station moulds on forcing press after heating in the first step are carried out first step forging and stamping, obtain blocking rail heel end, wherein, described first paragraph 011, second segment 012 are carried out forging forming, carries out blocking by described 3rd section 013 and make it produce distortion; First step forging and stamping process is specifically: adopt blocking web of the rail die cavity 1 to forge and press first paragraph 011, second segment 012 and the 3rd section 013, adopt the first patrix section 211 in blocking rail limb die cavity 2 in first patrix 21 and the second patrix section 212 and the first counterdie 22 to forge and press first paragraph 011, second segment 012 and the 3rd section 013, adopt the first blocking insert A1 in finish-forging die cavity 3 in second patrix 31 and the second blocking insert A2 in the second counterdie 32 to carry out forging and stamping first paragraph 011, second segment 012 and the 3rd section 013;
3rd step: the blocking rail heel end obtained by described second step carries out straightening process, the process of sawing stub bar and removes overlap process, described straightening process is specially: by the rail bent after second step by correcting, keep whole one steel rail longitudinally straight, be convenient to enter in step 4 heating furnace and step 5 three station mould; The process of described sawing stub bar is specially: blocking heel end first paragraph 011 sawing obtained by second step is fallen; The process of described removal overlap is specially: the second segment 012 that removal second step obtains and the 3rd section of 013 flange of rail overlap;
4th step: the 3rd section 013, the 4th section 021 and the 5th section 022 are heated to 1100-1160 DEG C in induction furnace;
5th step: first by the second patrix section 212 in the first patrix 21 in blocking rail limb die cavity 2, first blocking insert A1 and the second blocking insert A2 disassembles, again by the 3rd patrix section 213 in the first patrix 21 in blocking rail limb die cavity 2, first finish-forging insert and the second finish-forging insert install, finally by the 3rd section 013 after heating in the 4th step, 4th section 021 and the 5th section of 022 three station moulds on forcing press carry out second step forging and stamping, obtain finish-forging heel end product, second step forging and stamping process is specially: adopt blocking web of the rail die cavity 1 to forge and press the 3rd section 013, 4th section 021 and the 5th section 022, the first patrix section 211 in blocking rail limb die cavity 2 in first patrix 21 and the 3rd patrix section 213 and the first counterdie 22 is adopted to forge and press the 3rd section 013, 4th section 021 and the 5th section 022, the first finish-forging insert in finish-forging die cavity 3 in second patrix 31 and the second finish-forging insert in the second counterdie 32 is adopted to carry out forging and stamping the 3rd section 013, 4th section 021 and the 5th section 022.
Obtain by forging method of the present invention and forging and stamping three station mould the rail heel end product lengthened, heel end forges and presses after the weld seam that can realize tongue after section lengthens can realize 600mm and moves, and facilitates Site Welding; Rail track prolongs after can realizing heel of switch rail uniform cross-section when changing tongue, and the parts such as corresponding backing plate all do not change, and has simply, feature easily, especially provides perfect solution for during on-the-spot circuit rescue repairing.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the forging method of a rail heel end, it is characterized in that: described rail heel end comprises the blocking heel end (01) and finish-forging heel end (02) of connecting successively, described blocking heel end (01) comprise connect successively first paragraph (011), second segment (012) and the 3rd section (013), the length of described first paragraph (011) is 100mm-200mm, the length of described second segment (012) is 450mm-650mm, and the length of described 3rd section (013) is 150-200mm; Described finish-forging heel end (02) comprises the 4th section (021) and the 5th section (022) of connecting successively, and described 4th section (021) is connected with described 3rd section (013), the length of described 4th section (021) is 400-600mm, and the length of described 5th section (022) is 150-200mm;
The forging and stamping process of above-mentioned rail heel end specifically comprises the following steps:
Step one, first paragraph (011), second segment (012) and the 3rd section (013) are heated to 1100-1160 DEG C in induction furnace;
Step 2, by step one heating after first paragraph (011), second segment (012) and the 3rd section (013) three station moulds on forcing press forge and press, obtain blocking rail heel end, wherein, described first paragraph (011) and described second segment (012) are carried out forging forming, described 3rd section (013) is carried out predeformation;
Step 3, the blocking rail heel end described step 2 obtained carry out straightening process, the process of sawing stub bar and remove overlap process;
Step 4, described 3rd section (013), the 4th section (021) and the 5th section (022) are heated to 1100-1160 DEG C in induction furnace;
Step 5, by step 4 heating after the 3rd section (013), the 4th section (021) and the 5th section (022) three station moulds on forcing press forge and press, obtain rail heel end product.
2. the forging method of rail heel end according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 3, and described straightening process is specially: passed through to correct by the rail bent after described step 2, keep whole one steel rail straight along its length; The process of described sawing stub bar is specially: first paragraph (011) sawing in the blocking rail heel end obtained in described step 2 fallen; The process of described removal overlap is specially: the flange of rail overlap removing second segment (012) in the blocking rail heel end obtained in described step 2 and the 3rd section (013).
3. the rail heel end forging method as described in claim 1-2 any one the three station moulds that adopt, it is characterized in that: comprise the blocking web of the rail die cavity (1), blocking rail limb die cavity (2) and the finish-forging die cavity (3) that are arranged in series successively;
Described blocking rail limb die cavity (2) comprises the first patrix (21) and matches with described first patrix (21) and be arranged on the first counterdie (22) immediately below it; described first patrix (21) comprises the first patrix section (211) and to connect successively with described first patrix section (211) and for the second detachable patrix section (212) or the 3rd patrix section (213) along its length, described first patrix section (211) is by the first stage (2111), transition linkage section (2112) and connecting successively the staircase structural model formed with the second stage (2113) that the maximum drop between described first stage (2111) is 5mm-10mm, the length of described first stage (2111) is 390-440mm, its cavity surface comprises the first plane (21111) be set up in parallel successively along its width, convex surface (21112) and the second plane (21113), drop between described first plane (21111) and described second plane (21113) is 2mm-4mm, described convex surface (21112) is 2mm-4mm with the maximum drop of described second plane (21113), the length of described transition linkage section (2112) is 50mm-100mm, the length of described second stage (2113) is 450-500mm, in described second patrix section (212), the gradient (t1) of cavity surface is 11.5 °, and in described 3rd patrix section (213), the gradient (t2) of cavity surface is 7.8 °,
Described finish-forging die cavity (3) comprises the second patrix (31) and matches with described second patrix (31) and be arranged on the second counterdie (32) immediately below it; Described second patrix (31) and described second counterdie (32) are respectively equipped with in cavity shapes and the First Transition position (311) be oppositely arranged and the second intermediate location, and described cavity place is respectively equipped with and matches with described First Transition position (311) and for the first detachable blocking insert (A1) or the first finish-forging insert and match with described second intermediate location and be the second detachable blocking insert (A2) or the second finish-forging insert.
4. three station moulds according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described first blocking insert (A1) and the first finish-forging insert include left and right and be arranged in parallel and the first left surface (A11) and the first right surface (A12) that are plane, all vertically with described first left surface (A11) arrange and be the first lower surface (A13) and the first rear surface (A14) of plane, match with the die cavity groove bottom of First Transition position (311) and from left to right by a1 face and b1 face connect the first upper surface (A15) of being formed and from left to right by c1 face and d1 face connect formed and the first cavity surface (A16) be oppositely arranged with described first rear surface (A14), angle described in described first blocking insert (A1) between c1 face and described first left surface (A11) is 77 °, angle described in described first finish-forging insert between c1 face and described first left surface (A11) is 81 °,
Described second blocking insert (A2) and the second finish-forging insert include left and right and be arranged in parallel and the second left surface (A21) and the second right surface (A22) that are plane, all vertically with described second left surface (A21) arrange and be the second upper surface (A23) and the second rear surface (A24) of plane, match with the die cavity groove bottom of the second intermediate location and from left to right by a2 face and b2 face connect the second lower surface (A25) of being formed and from left to right by c2 face and d2 face connect formed and the second cavity surface (A26) be oppositely arranged with described second rear surface (A24), angle described in described second blocking insert (A2) between c2 face and described second left surface (A21) is 77 °, angle described in described second finish-forging insert between c2 face and described second left surface (A21) is 81 °.
5. three station moulds according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described first blocking insert (A1), the first finish-forging insert, the second blocking insert (A2) and the second finish-forging insert are all fixed in described finish-forging die cavity (3) by high-strength screw.
6. three station moulds according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the total length of described blocking web of the rail die cavity (1), blocking rail limb die cavity (2) and finish-forging die cavity (3) is 1360-1420mm; The Breadth Maximum of described blocking web of the rail die cavity (1) is 205-210mm, and its upper impression top inner surface is more than or equal to 40mm to the distance of lower impressions bottom interior surface than the Breadth Maximum of the flange of rail in blocking heel end rail.
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| CN111558682A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-08-21 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 | Induction heating and pressing molding device for special-shaped steel rail with symmetrical section and quality monitoring system |
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| CN113953433A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-21 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司道岔分公司 | Universal special-shaped rail forging die and application thereof |
| CN115156852A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-10-11 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Processing and manufacturing method of climbing switch rail |
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| CN115156852B (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2024-05-03 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | Climbing type switch rail processing and manufacturing method |
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