CN104539180A - Single-phase transformer-free inverter capable of reducing system leak current - Google Patents

Single-phase transformer-free inverter capable of reducing system leak current Download PDF

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CN104539180A
CN104539180A CN201410742616.6A CN201410742616A CN104539180A CN 104539180 A CN104539180 A CN 104539180A CN 201410742616 A CN201410742616 A CN 201410742616A CN 104539180 A CN104539180 A CN 104539180A
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auxiliary
main switch
grid
switch
leakage current
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王生东
郭倩
廖志凌
游雪
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53873—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with digital control
    • H02J3/383—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/344—Active dissipative snubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种减小系统漏电流的单相无变压器结构逆变器，其主电路包括光伏阵列PV，稳压电容C，主开关管S1-S4，辅助开关管S5、S6，辅助二极管D1、D2，输出滤波电感L1、L2，电网vg。在单相全桥结构的基础上增加了一个由辅助开关管S5、S6和辅助二极管D1、D2组成的辅助电路，用来提供续流通道，使得续流阶段直流侧与电网断开，抑制了共模电压的变化，减小了系统的漏电流，同时输出电压波形和单极性调制相同，降低了输出电流的脉动，减小了滤波电感的体积和损耗，提高了并网电流质量和系统的效率。

The invention discloses a single-phase transformerless structure inverter which can reduce system leakage current. Its main circuit includes a photovoltaic array PV, a voltage stabilizing capacitor C, main switching tubes S 1 -S 4 , auxiliary switching tubes S 5 , S 6. Auxiliary diodes D 1 , D 2 , output filter inductors L 1 , L 2 , grid v g . On the basis of the single-phase full-bridge structure, an auxiliary circuit composed of auxiliary switch tubes S 5 , S 6 and auxiliary diodes D 1 , D 2 is added to provide a freewheeling channel, so that the DC side is disconnected from the power grid during the freewheeling stage. On, the change of the common mode voltage is suppressed, and the leakage current of the system is reduced. At the same time, the output voltage waveform is the same as that of the unipolar modulation, which reduces the ripple of the output current, reduces the size and loss of the filter inductor, and improves the grid connection. current quality and system efficiency.

Description

一种减小系统漏电流的单相无变压器结构逆变器A Single-phase Transformerless Structure Inverter with Reduced System Leakage Current

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种减小系统漏电流的单相无变压器光伏并网逆变器结构，属于非隔离型光伏并网逆变系统漏电流抑制领域。The invention relates to a single-phase transformerless photovoltaic grid-connected inverter structure for reducing system leakage current, and belongs to the field of leakage current suppression of non-isolated photovoltaic grid-connected inverter systems.

背景技术Background technique

随着环境污染和能源危机问题的日益严重，太阳能光伏并网发电技术受到人们越来越多的关注。低成本、高效率、安全可靠是光伏发电系统的主要目标。传统的光伏并网发电系统通常在逆变器和电网侧加入工频隔离变压器进行电气隔离，减少了并网系统和地之间的共模电流(光伏系统中通常称为漏电流)，而且变压器还可以进行并网电压的匹配和对进网直流分量的抑制，但由于变压器工作在工频状态，所以系统的体积、重量和成本增加，而效率降低。With the increasingly serious problems of environmental pollution and energy crisis, solar photovoltaic grid-connected power generation technology has attracted more and more attention. Low cost, high efficiency, safety and reliability are the main goals of photovoltaic power generation system. Traditional photovoltaic grid-connected power generation systems usually add power frequency isolation transformers on the inverter and grid side for electrical isolation, which reduces the common-mode current between the grid-connected system and the ground (usually called leakage current in photovoltaic systems), and the transformer It is also possible to match the grid-connected voltage and suppress the DC component of the grid, but because the transformer works in the power frequency state, the volume, weight and cost of the system increase, while the efficiency decreases.

无变压器并网逆变器具有体积小、成本低、效率高的优点，但逆变器和电网有直接的电气连接，会产生较高的漏电流，从而增加系统的电磁干扰和电网电流的谐波含量，带来安全隐患。The transformerless grid-connected inverter has the advantages of small size, low cost, and high efficiency, but the inverter and the grid are directly electrically connected, which will generate high leakage current, thereby increasing the electromagnetic interference of the system and the harmonic current of the grid. wave content, bringing safety hazards.

漏电流和谐波含量的大小主要取决于逆变器的拓扑结构和由光伏电池对地寄生电容形成的谐振电路。为了减小系统的漏电流，一些新型的无变压器并网逆变器结构被提出，目前已有的主要包括H5结构、带直流旁路的逆变结构、带交流旁路的逆变结构等，这些电路的共同特点是续流阶段光伏电池与交流电网断开，抑制了系统共模漏电流的产生。根据现有技术，采用单极性调制时电流只通过一个开关管和一个反并联二极管续流，具有系统损耗小、并网电流质量和系统效率高的优点，但是不能抑制共模漏电流的产生；双极性调制可以抑制共模漏电流的产生，但是双极性调制每次换流都有两组开关管参与，增加了系统的开关损耗，并网电流质量差、系统效率低。The magnitude of leakage current and harmonic content mainly depends on the topology of the inverter and the resonant circuit formed by the parasitic capacitance of the photovoltaic cell to ground. In order to reduce the leakage current of the system, some new transformerless grid-connected inverter structures have been proposed, and the existing ones mainly include the H5 structure, the inverter structure with DC bypass, and the inverter structure with AC bypass, etc. The common feature of these circuits is that the photovoltaic cell is disconnected from the AC grid during the freewheeling phase, which suppresses the generation of common-mode leakage current in the system. According to the existing technology, when using unipolar modulation, the current only passes through one switch tube and one anti-parallel diode to continue to flow, which has the advantages of small system loss, high grid-connected current quality and high system efficiency, but it cannot suppress the generation of common-mode leakage current ; Bipolar modulation can suppress the generation of common-mode leakage current, but bipolar modulation has two sets of switching tubes participating in each commutation, which increases the switching loss of the system, the quality of grid-connected current is poor, and the system efficiency is low.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对上述问题，本发明提出一种能减小系统漏电流的无变压器逆变器拓扑结构，它是在单相全桥逆变器结构的基础上改进而来的。In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a transformerless inverter topology that can reduce system leakage current, which is improved on the basis of a single-phase full-bridge inverter structure.

本发明的具体方案如下：Concrete scheme of the present invention is as follows:

一种减小系统漏电流的单相无变压器结构逆变器，包括单相全桥逆变器，还增加了一个由辅助开关管S5、S6和辅助二极管D1、D2组成的辅助电路。A single-phase transformerless structure inverter that reduces system leakage current, including a single-phase full-bridge inverter, and an auxiliary switch composed of auxiliary switch tubes S 5 , S 6 and auxiliary diodes D 1 , D 2 is added. circuit.

进一步，所述单相全桥逆变器包括：光伏阵列PV，稳压电容C，主开关管S1-S4，输出滤波电感L1、L2，电网vg。Further, the single-phase full-bridge inverter includes: photovoltaic array PV, voltage stabilizing capacitor C, main switch tubes S 1 -S 4 , output filter inductors L 1 , L 2 , and grid v g .

进一步，所述稳压电容C并联在光伏阵列PV两端，稳压电容C的正级接主开关管S1、S3的漏极，电容C的负极接主开关管S2、S4的源极；辅助开关管S5的漏极连接主开关管S1的源级，S5的源极连接主开关管S2的漏极；辅助开关管S6的漏极连接主开关管S3的源级，S6的源极连接主开关管S4的漏极；辅助二极管D1的阳极连接辅助开关管S5的源极，D1的阴极与辅助开关管S6的漏极相连；辅助二极管D2的阳极连接辅助开关管S6的源级，D2的阴极与辅助开关管S5的漏极相连；输出滤波电感L1的一端连接主开关管S1的源级，另一端与电网相连；输出滤波电感L2的一端连接主开关管S3的源级，另一端与电网相连。Further, the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is connected in parallel at both ends of the photovoltaic array PV, the positive stage of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is connected to the drains of the main switching tubes S 1 and S 3 , the negative pole of the capacitor C is connected to the drains of the main switching tubes S 2 and S 4 Source; the drain of the auxiliary switch S5 is connected to the source of the main switch S1 , the source of S5 is connected to the drain of the main switch S2 ; the drain of the auxiliary switch S6 is connected to the main switch S3 source, the source of S6 is connected to the drain of the main switch S4 ; the anode of the auxiliary diode D1 is connected to the source of the auxiliary switch S5 , and the cathode of D1 is connected to the drain of the auxiliary switch S6 ; The anode of the auxiliary diode D2 is connected to the source of the auxiliary switch S6 , and the cathode of D2 is connected to the drain of the auxiliary switch S5 ; one end of the output filter inductor L1 is connected to the source of the main switch S1 , and the other end Connected to the grid; one end of the output filter inductor L2 is connected to the source stage of the main switching tube S3 , and the other end is connected to the grid.

本发明的有益效果是：在单相全桥结构的基础上增加了一个由辅助开关管S5、S6和辅助二极管D1、D2组成的辅助电路，用来提供续流通道，使得续流阶段直流侧与电网断开，抑制了共模电压的变化，减小了系统的漏电流，同时输出电压波形和单极性调制相同，降低了输出电流的脉动，减小了滤波电感的体积和损耗，提高了并网电流质量和系统的效率。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: on the basis of the single-phase full-bridge structure, an auxiliary circuit composed of auxiliary switch tubes S 5 , S 6 and auxiliary diodes D 1 , D 2 is added to provide a freewheeling channel so that the continuous current In the current stage, the DC side is disconnected from the grid, which suppresses the change of the common mode voltage and reduces the leakage current of the system. At the same time, the output voltage waveform is the same as that of the unipolar modulation, which reduces the ripple of the output current and reduces the size of the filter inductor. and losses, improving grid-connected current quality and system efficiency.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明减小系统漏电流的单相无变压器逆变器结构原理图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a single-phase transformerless inverter for reducing system leakage current according to the present invention.

图2为本发明减小系统漏电流的单相无变压器逆变器在一个电网周期内的4种工作模态，其中：Fig. 2 shows four working modes of the single-phase transformerless inverter reducing the system leakage current in one power grid cycle in the present invention, wherein:

(a)电网正半周期，主开关管S1、S4导通时的工作模态；(a) In the positive half cycle of the power grid, the working mode when the main switch tubes S 1 and S 4 are turned on;

(b)电网正半周期，主开关管S1、S4关断时的工作模态；(b) The working mode when the main switching tubes S 1 and S 4 are turned off in the positive half cycle of the power grid;

(c)电网负半周期，主开关管S2、S3导通时的工作模态；(c) The working mode when the main switching tubes S 2 and S 3 are turned on in the negative half cycle of the power grid;

(d)电网负半周期，主开关管S2、S3关断时的工作模态。(d) The working mode when the main switching tubes S 2 and S 3 are turned off in the negative half cycle of the power grid.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明进一步说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described:

图1为本发明减小系统漏电流的单相无变压器逆变器结构原理图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a single-phase transformerless inverter for reducing system leakage current according to the present invention.

一种能减小系统漏电流的无变压器逆变器拓扑结构，包括：光伏阵列PV，稳压电容C，主开关管S1-S4，辅助开关管S5、S6，辅助二极管D1、D2，输出滤波电感L1、L2，电网vg。A transformerless inverter topology that can reduce system leakage current, including: photovoltaic array PV, voltage stabilizing capacitor C, main switch tubes S 1 -S 4 , auxiliary switch tubes S 5 , S 6 , and auxiliary diode D 1 , D 2 , output filter inductors L 1 , L 2 , grid v g .

其中，稳压电容C并联在光伏阵列PV两端，电容C的正级接主开关管S1、S3的漏极，电容C的负极接主开关管S2、S4的源极。辅助开关管S5的漏极连接主开关管S1的源级，S5的源极连接主开关管S2的漏极；辅助开关管S6的漏极连接主开关管S3的源级，S6的源极连接主开关管S4的漏极。辅助二极管D1的阳极连接辅助开关管S5的源极，D1的阴极与辅助开关管S6的漏极相连；辅助二极管D2的阳极连接辅助开关管S6的源级，D2的阴极与辅助开关管S5的漏极相连。输出滤波电感L1的一端连接主开关管S1的源级，另一端与电网相连；输出滤波电感L2的一端连接主开关管S3的源级，另一端与电网相连。Wherein, the voltage stabilizing capacitor C is connected in parallel at both ends of the photovoltaic array PV, the positive pole of the capacitor C is connected to the drains of the main switching tubes S 1 and S 3 , and the negative pole of the capacitor C is connected to the sources of the main switching tubes S 2 and S 4 . The drain of the auxiliary switch S5 is connected to the source of the main switch S1 , the source of S5 is connected to the drain of the main switch S2 ; the drain of the auxiliary switch S6 is connected to the source of the main switch S3 , the source of S6 is connected to the drain of the main switch S4 . The anode of the auxiliary diode D1 is connected to the source of the auxiliary switching tube S5 , the cathode of D1 is connected to the drain of the auxiliary switching tube S6 ; the anode of the auxiliary diode D2 is connected to the source of the auxiliary switching tube S6 , and the The cathode is connected to the drain of the auxiliary switching tube S5 . One end of the output filter inductor L1 is connected to the source stage of the main switching tube S1 , and the other end is connected to the grid; one end of the output filter inductor L2 is connected to the source stage of the main switching tube S3 , and the other end is connected to the grid.

图2为本发明减小系统漏电流的单相无变压器逆变器在一个电网周期内的4种工作模态，在电网正半周期辅助开关管S6始终开通，主开关管S1和S4以相同的高频脉冲信号调制，当S1、S4开通时电流从光伏阵列PV流向电网，如图2(a)所示；当S1、S4关断时电流通过辅助开关管S6和辅助二极管D2续流，如图2(b)所示。在电网负半周期辅助开关管S5始终开通，主开关管S2和S3以相同的高频脉冲信号调制，当S2、S3开通时电流从光伏阵列PV流向电网，如图2(c)所示；当S2、S3关断时电流通过辅助开关管S5和辅助二极管D1续流，如图2(d)所示。Fig. 2 is the 4 working modes of the single-phase transformerless inverter which reduces the leakage current of the system in one grid cycle in the present invention, the auxiliary switching tube S6 is always open in the positive half cycle of the grid, and the main switching tubes S1 and S 4 Modulated with the same high-frequency pulse signal, when S 1 and S 4 are turned on, the current flows from the photovoltaic array PV to the grid, as shown in Figure 2(a); when S 1 and S 4 are turned off, the current flows through the auxiliary switch tube S 6 and auxiliary diode D 2 freewheeling, as shown in Figure 2(b). In the negative half cycle of the power grid, the auxiliary switch tube S5 is always on, and the main switch tubes S2 and S3 are modulated with the same high-frequency pulse signal. When S2 and S3 are turned on, the current flows from the photovoltaic array PV to the grid, as shown in Figure 2 ( As shown in c), when S 2 and S 3 are turned off, the current continues to flow through the auxiliary switch tube S 5 and the auxiliary diode D 1 , as shown in Figure 2(d).

本发明在单相全桥结构的基础上增加了一个由开关管S5、S6和二极管D1、D2组成的辅助电路，用来提供续流通道，使得续流阶段直流侧与电网断开，抑制了共模电压的变化，减小了系统的漏电流。On the basis of the single-phase full-bridge structure, the present invention adds an auxiliary circuit composed of switch tubes S 5 , S 6 and diodes D 1 , D 2 to provide a freewheeling channel so that the DC side is disconnected from the power grid during the freewheeling stage. On, the change of the common mode voltage is suppressed, and the leakage current of the system is reduced.

Claims (3)

1. reduce a single-phase transless structure inverter for system leakage current, comprise single-phase full-bridge inverter, it is characterized in that: also add one by auxiliary switch S 5, S 6with booster diode D 1, D 2the auxiliary circuit of composition.
2. the single-phase transless structure inverter of reduction system leakage current according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described single-phase full-bridge inverter comprises: photovoltaic array PV, electric capacity of voltage regulation C, main switch S 1-S 4, output inductor L 1, L 2, electrical network v g.
3. the single-phase transless structure inverter of the reduction system leakage current according to claim 1-2, it is characterized in that: described electric capacity of voltage regulation C is connected in parallel on photovoltaic array PV two ends, the positive level of electric capacity of voltage regulation C meets main switch S 1, S 3drain electrode, the negative pole of electric capacity C meets main switch S 2, S 4source electrode; Auxiliary switch S 5drain electrode connect main switch S 1source class, S 5source electrode connect main switch S 2drain electrode; Auxiliary switch S 6drain electrode connect main switch S 3source class, S 6source electrode connect main switch S 4drain electrode; Booster diode D 1anode connect auxiliary switch S 5source electrode, D 1negative electrode and auxiliary switch S 6drain electrode be connected; Booster diode D 2anode connect auxiliary switch S 6source class, D 2negative electrode and auxiliary switch S 5drain electrode be connected; Output inductor L 1one end connect main switch S 1source class, the other end is connected with electrical network; Output inductor L 2one end connect main switch S 3source class, the other end is connected with electrical network.
CN201410742616.6A 2014-12-08 2014-12-08 Single-phase transformer-free inverter capable of reducing system leak current Pending CN104539180A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107204719A (en) * 2017-04-11 2017-09-26 江苏大学 It is used for the inverter topology circuit and its control method for suppressing leakage current in photovoltaic parallel in system
CN109088560A (en) * 2018-09-30 2018-12-25 华南理工大学 A kind of single-phase active clamper non-isolated grid-connected inverter
CN109120178A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-01 华南理工大学 A kind of novel single-phase non-isolated MOSFET gird-connected inverter

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107204719A (en) * 2017-04-11 2017-09-26 江苏大学 It is used for the inverter topology circuit and its control method for suppressing leakage current in photovoltaic parallel in system
CN107204719B (en) * 2017-04-11 2019-10-01 江苏大学 For inhibiting the inverter topology circuit and its control method of leakage current in photovoltaic parallel in system
CN109088560A (en) * 2018-09-30 2018-12-25 华南理工大学 A kind of single-phase active clamper non-isolated grid-connected inverter
CN109120178A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-01 华南理工大学 A kind of novel single-phase non-isolated MOSFET gird-connected inverter

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