CN104538623B - The preparation method of one kind spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material - Google Patents
The preparation method of one kind spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN104538623B CN104538623B CN201510026386.8A CN201510026386A CN104538623B CN 104538623 B CN104538623 B CN 104538623B CN 201510026386 A CN201510026386 A CN 201510026386A CN 104538623 B CN104538623 B CN 104538623B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention is the preparation method of a kind spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) is according to LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Stoichiometric proportion weighs soluble manganese salt and nickel salt is dissolved in organic solvent, and wherein the total concentration of metal ion is 0.2 ~ 2 M;(2) with carbamide for homogeneous precipitation agent, CTAB and PVP is double template, prepares, by a step solvent thermal reaction, flower-shaped class spherical Ni of wadding a quilt with cotton0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma, then prepare class spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material through high temperature lithiumation.The present invention uses anionic surfactant CTAB and non-ionic macromolecule compound PVP to be that double template controls to obtain flower-shaped class spherical precursor granule of wadding a quilt with cotton, this kind of pattern granule has bigger specific surface area, and between sheet and sheet, have a lot of hole, be conducive to the most subsequently during lithiumation with the contacting and infiltration of lithium source, lithiumation temperature can be made to be substantially reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, particularly relate to the preparation method of a kind spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material.
Background technology
Along with Global Oil resource is nervous, atmospheric pollution aggravates, and the consciousness of energy-conserving and environment-protective deepens continuously the popular feeling, and country is also to newly
Energy field increases support dynamics.Taking this as an opportunity for lithium ion battery by its low self-discharge rate, high-energy-density, memoryless effect
Advantage should be waited to occupy consumption market, and be widely used in portable electric appts and other high-energy device.In recent years, spinelle
Nickel ion doped (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4) owing to having 4.7V (vs.Li/Li+) running voltage and 147mAh/g theory specific volume
Amount and higher energy density be it is believed that be a new generation lithium ion battery with high energy density and be widely studied.
At present, the preparation method of nickel ion doped mainly has high temperature solid-state method, sol-gel process, coprecipitation, hydro-thermal method, spraying
Seasoning, molten-salt growth method etc..Wherein coprecipitation is usually with the acetate of Ni and Mn, sulfate as raw material, carbonate, hydrogen
Oxide, oxalic acid etc. are precipitant, prepare product with lithium salts mixed calcining again after preparing precipitation.Patent 103579610A is adopted
With oxalates with hydroxide simultaneously as precipitant, prepare nickel ion doped by coprecipitation and solid sintering technology.Patent
102386394B prepares the precipitation of nickeliferous manganese with carbonate for precipitant, obtains nickeliferous Mn oxide after calcining, then with LiOH
After hydrothermal pretreatment, high-temperature calcination prepares nickel ion doped material.And the method for this addition Direct precipitation agent easily causes solution office
The problem of portion's uneven concentration, causes product grain size uneven.And sluggish precipitation is to utilize a certain chemical reaction to make solution
In configurational ion by solution lentamente, discharge equably.Now, the precipitant of addition be not at once with precipitated group
Divide and react, but make precipitant slowly generate in whole solution by chemical reaction.One of its advantage is configurational ion
Degree of supersaturation ratio in whole solution is more uniform, so sedimentary granule is uniformly fine and close, it is simple to filtration washing.Meanwhile, it
Can avoid the co-precipitation of impurity, the particle diameter so obtained is evenly distributed.Carbamide is a kind of most typical homogeneous precipitation agent,
When it joins NiSO4And MnSO4Mixed solution in and can occur to react as follows when being heated to uniform temperature: NiSO4+
3MnSO4+4CO(NH2)2+8H2O→4Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3+4NH4HSO4+4NH3.Solvent-thermal method is at hydro-thermal method base
A kind of material preparation method grown up on plinth, only changes the water in hydro-thermal method into organic solvent.On the one hand, its energy
Make the dissolving of reactant, dispersive process and chemical reactivity greatly enhance, enable reaction to occur at a lower temperature.Separately
On the one hand, have that boiling point is low, dielectric constant is little due to organic solvent and the feature such as viscosity is bigger, at the same temperature, solvent thermal
Can reach more higher air pressure than Hydrothermal Synthesis, thus the crystallization of beneficially product.Solvent thermal process is relatively easy, it is easy to control,
The formation of thing phase can control with the size of particle diameter, form, product good dispersion.These advantages based on solvent-thermal method, if
Temperature conditions needed for carbamide decomposes is provided by solvent thermal reaction, so i.e. combines solvent-thermal method with uniform by single step reaction
The advantage of the sedimentation method, can obtain epigranular, the powder granule that scattered, degree of crystallinity is high.
In order to obtain class spherical morphology, the present invention uses addition anionic surfactant CTAB during solvent thermal
The side of (cetyl trimethylammonium bromide) and non-ionic macromolecule compound PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) double template
Method.The pattern to product that adds of template has certain regulating and controlling effect, and its synergetical principle is as shown in Figure 1.Pass through bimodulus
The synergism of plate agent, finally gives the flower-shaped class spherical Ni of wadding0.25Mn0.75CO3Granular precursor.And high temperature lithiumation mistake subsequently
Journey can't destroy the class spherical morphology of presoma, thus obtains the spherical LiNi of class0.5Mn1.5O4Material.
Therefore, the present invention makees homogeneous precipitation agent with carbamide, CTAB and PVP is double template, by a step solvent thermal reaction just
The flower-shaped class spherical Ni of wadding can be prepared0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma, prepares class spherical nickel-lithium manganate by high temperature lithiumation process subsequently
Positive electrode.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the deficiency for current techniques, it is provided that the preparation method of a kind spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material.
The method is with carbamide for homogeneous precipitation agent, CTAB and PVP is double template, prepares, by a step solvent thermal reaction, flower-shaped class of wadding a quilt with cotton
Spherical Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma, then prepare class spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material through high temperature lithiumation.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The preparation method of one kind spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material, comprises the following steps:
(1) according to LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Stoichiometric proportion weighs soluble manganese salt and nickel salt is dissolved in organic solvent, wherein metal
The total concentration of ion is 0.2~2M;
(2) adding carbamide in the mixed solution of step (1), wherein carbamide is 1:1~8:1 with the mol ratio of metal ion,
Add CTAB and PVP after magnetic agitation 30min, by this mixed solution magnetic agitation 1~be transferred to poly-fluorine after 3 hours
In the autoclave of ethylene liner, react 8~20 hours in 150~180 DEG C after sealing, naturally cool to room temperature, gained is sunk
Form sediment centrifugal, washing, after drying, prepare Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma, wherein the mass ratio of CTAB Yu PVP is 1:3~2:
1, the two gross mass is Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3The 1%~6% of theoretical generation quality;
(3) by step (2) gained Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma is first after 500 DEG C of pre-burnings 2~4 hours, then by itself and lithium
After source compound mix homogeneously, calcine 8~20 hours at 700~850 DEG C in atmosphere, i.e. obtain described after natural cooling grinds
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Positive electrode;Wherein, Li source compound and nickel manganese presoma Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Mol ratio during mixing is
Li:(Ni+Mn)=(1~1.1): 2;
Described soluble nickel salt is one or more in nickel nitrate, Nickel dichloride. or nickel acetate.
Described soluble manganese salt is one or more in manganese nitrate, manganese chloride or manganese acetate.
Described organic solvent is one or more in methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol.
Described Li source compound is one or more in Lithium hydrate, lithium carbonate and lithium nitrate.
The substantive distinguishing features of the present invention is:
(1) can obtain, by solvent thermal reaction, the powder granule that degree of crystallinity is high at a lower temperature (relative to hydro-thermal reaction).
(2) synergetical principle of double template CTAB and PVP is: when nickel manganese salt and CTAB and PVP are in reaction system
During middle mixing, template is self-assembly of hydrophilic group outside, and hydrophobic group is at interior class spherical micelle.The CTAB of long-chain is formed relatively
Loose micelle, the micelle that the PVP of short chain is formed then is filled in inside CTAB micelle, and being used in combination of double-template forms length
The space network of short chain combination, makes Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma is uniformly distributed in inside and outside micelle.CTAB loosens micelle
Forming framing structure, control the formation of precursor spherical structure, the PVP of inside then controls the formation that presoma wadding is flower-shaped.One
Aspect PVP is the water-soluble polymer of nonionic, and the material compatibility that it can be higher with many polarity, on the other hand it is a kind of
High molecular polymer, plays stabilizer function in the solution, and it is with hydrophilic radical, can the most optionally adsorb
At crystal crystal face, promote mutually to cohere between crystal grain formation laminated structure along some specific direction, and phase between sheet with sheet
Cohere mutually and be the formation of the flower-shaped spherical particle of loose wadding.
The invention have the benefit that
(1) solvent thermal process and coprecipitation process can be completed by a step solvent thermal reaction simultaneously, and combine the excellent of two processes
Point, simplifies the technological process of production;
(2) carbamide is used to make homogeneous precipitation agent, it is possible to obtain the granule of even particle size distribution, uniform particle diameter can improve material
Chemical property.By example 2 it can be seen that under 1C multiplying power the specific discharge capacity of nickel ion doped material be up to 130.4mAh/g;
(3) using anionic surfactant CTAB and non-ionic macromolecule compound PVP is that double template controls
Obtaining flower-shaped class spherical precursor granule of wadding a quilt with cotton, this kind of pattern granule has bigger specific surface area, and has a lot between sheet and sheet
Hole, be conducive to the most subsequently during lithiumation with the contacting and infiltration of lithium source, lithiumation temperature can be made compared to patent 103579607A
In 750~950 DEG C reduction by 50~150 DEG C.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is CTAB Yu PVP double template synergetical principle figure.
Fig. 2 is the Ni corresponding to embodiment 10.25Mn0.75CO3Scanning electron microscope (SEM) figure of presoma.
Fig. 3 is the LiNi corresponding to embodiment 10.5Mn1.5O4Scanning electron microscope (SEM) figure of positive electrode.
Fig. 4 is the 1C rate charge-discharge curve of the nickel ion doped material corresponding to embodiment 2.
Fig. 5 is the X-ray diffractogram of the nickel ion doped material corresponding to embodiment 3.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described further with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and following embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, but also
It is not used in the practical range limiting the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
By 6.22g (0.025mol) nickel acetate (Ni (CH3COO)2·4H2And 12.98g (0.075mol) manganese acetate O)
(Mn(CH3COO)2) be dissolved in 50ml ethanol, metal ion total concentration is 2.0M, by the mol ratio of carbamide Yu metal ion
Add 15.02g (0.25mol) carbamide for 2.5:1, after magnetic agitation 30min, add 0.08g CTAB and 0.16g PVP,
This mixed solution magnetic agitation is transferred in the autoclave of polyvinyl fluoride liner after 2 hours, anti-in 160 DEG C after sealing
Answer 12 hours, naturally cool to room temperature, by gained pelleting centrifugation, washing, after drying, prepare Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma.
Its pattern is as in figure 2 it is shown, be the wadding spherical second particle of flower-shaped class being made up of once sheet-like particle.
By gained Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma is first after 500 DEG C of pre-burnings 3 hours, then by itself and Li2CO3By Li:(Ni+Mn)
After=1.03:2 (mol ratio) mix homogeneously, calcine 15 hours for 750 DEG C in atmosphere, i.e. obtain described after natural cooling grinds
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Positive electrode.Its pattern as shown in Figure 3, maintains the class spherical morphology of presoma, substantially for by octahedral
The class spherical agglomerates of body primary particle composition.
Embodiment 2:
By 6.54g (0.0225mol) nickel nitrate (Ni (NO3)2·6H2And 16.88g (0.0675mol) manganese nitrate O)
(Mn(NO3)2·4H2O) being dissolved in 60ml ethylene glycol, metal ion total concentration is 1.5M, by rubbing of carbamide and metal ion
You add 8.11g (0.135mol) carbamide than for 1.5:1, and magnetic agitation adds 0.05g CTAB and 0.15g PVP after 30 minutes,
This mixed solution magnetic agitation is transferred in the autoclave of polyvinyl fluoride liner after 2 hours, anti-in 165 DEG C after sealing
Answer 15 hours, naturally cool to room temperature, by gained pelleting centrifugation, washing, after drying, prepare Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma.
By gained Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma is first after 500 DEG C of pre-burnings 3 hours, then by itself and LiNO3By Li:(Ni+Mn)
After=1.07:2 (mol ratio) mix homogeneously, calcine 12 hours at 780 DEG C in atmosphere, i.e. obtain described after natural cooling grinds
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Positive electrode.This material is mixed with acetylene black, PTFE 80:15:5 in mass ratio ultrasonic after stirring, roll-in,
Put into the insulation of 120 DEG C of baking oven and obtain positive plate, using metal lithium sheet as to electrode, 1mol/L half an hour
LiPF6/ DMC+EMC+EC (volume ratio is 1:1:1) is electrolyte, and glove box at full argon is built-in is configured to button electricity
Pond.Fig. 4 is this battery charging and discharging curve under 1C multiplying power, and 1C specific discharge capacity is up to 130.4mAh/g.
Embodiment 3:
By 4.98g (0.02mol) nickel acetate (Ni (CH3COO)2·4H2And 10.38g (0.06mol) manganese acetate O)
(Mn(CH3COO)2) be dissolved in 80ml ethylenediamine, metal ion total concentration is 1.0M, by carbamide and metal ion mole
Adding 9.61g (0.16mol) carbamide than for 2:1, magnetic agitation adds 0.04g CTAB and 0.12g PVP after 30 minutes,
This mixed solution magnetic agitation is transferred in the autoclave of polyvinyl fluoride liner after 2 hours, anti-in 170 DEG C after sealing
Answer 10 hours, naturally cool to room temperature, by gained pelleting centrifugation, washing, after drying, prepare Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma.
By gained Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma is first after 500 DEG C of pre-burnings 3 hours, then by itself and LiOH H2O presses Li:(Ni+Mn)
After=1.05:2 (mol ratio) mix homogeneously, calcine 12 hours at 800 DEG C in atmosphere, i.e. obtain described after natural cooling grinds
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Positive electrode.Its X-ray diffractogram as it is shown in figure 5, all diffraction maximums all with standard LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4
The diffraction maximum of (JCPDS card 80-2162) is consistent, illustrates that sample is cubic spinel structure, and Fd-3m space group is respectively spread out
Penetrate peak relatively strong and sharp-pointed, illustrative material well-crystallized, and without LixNi1-xO dephasign occurs.
Unaccomplished matter of the present invention is known technology.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a kind spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material, is characterized by comprise the following steps:
(1) according to LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Stoichiometric proportion weighs soluble manganese salt and soluble nickel salt is dissolved in organic solvent, its
The total concentration of middle metal ion is 0.2~2M;
(2) adding carbamide in the mixed solution of step (1), wherein carbamide is 1:1~8:1 with the mol ratio of metal ion,
Add CTAB and PVP after magnetic agitation 30min, by this mixed solution magnetic agitation 1~be transferred to poly-fluorine after 3 hours
In the autoclave of ethylene liner, react 8~20 hours in 150~180 DEG C after sealing, naturally cool to room temperature, gained is sunk
Form sediment centrifugal, washing, after drying, prepare Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma, wherein the mass ratio of CTAB Yu PVP is 1:3~2:
1, the two gross mass is Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3The 1%~6% of theoretical generation quality;Wherein, CTAB is cetyl trimethyl bromine
Changing ammonium, PVP is polyvinylpyrrolidone;
(3) by step (2) gained Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Presoma is first after 500 DEG C of pre-burnings 2~4 hours, then by itself and lithium
After source compound mix homogeneously, calcine 8~20 hours at 700~850 DEG C in atmosphere, after natural cooling grinds and get final product
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Positive electrode;Wherein, Li source compound and Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3Mol ratio during presoma mixing is Li:
(Ni+Mn)=(1~1.1): 2.
2. the preparation method of class spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by described soluble nickel
Salt is one or more in nickel nitrate, Nickel dichloride. or nickel acetate.
3. the preparation method of class spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by described soluble manganese
Salt is one or more in manganese nitrate, manganese chloride or manganese acetate.
4. the preparation method of class spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by described organic solvent
For one or more in methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol.
5. the preparation method of class spherical nickel-lithium manganate anode material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by described lithium source chemical combination
Thing is one or more in Lithium hydrate, lithium carbonate and lithium nitrate.
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