CN104537940B - Physical simulation experiment device of sand box for seismic exploration - Google Patents
Physical simulation experiment device of sand box for seismic exploration Download PDFInfo
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- CN104537940B CN104537940B CN201510056600.4A CN201510056600A CN104537940B CN 104537940 B CN104537940 B CN 104537940B CN 201510056600 A CN201510056600 A CN 201510056600A CN 104537940 B CN104537940 B CN 104537940B
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 202
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 9
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/40—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for geology
Abstract
The invention provides a physical simulation experiment device of a sand box for seismic exploration. The experiment device comprises a model module and a stratum overpressure loading module, wherein the model module is used for placing 20-mesh dry quartz sand and 40-mesh dry quartz sand for simulating a basin structure; the 20-mesh dry quartz sand is used for simulating a rock stratum having normal stratum pressure; the 40-mesh dry quartz sand is used for simulating the rock stratum of forming an abnormal overpressure stratum; the distribution range of the abnormal overpressure stratum is formed by using the pavement range of the 40-mesh dry quartz sand; pavement is carried out according to the requirements of the actual simulation experiment targets; the stratum overpressure loading module is used for injecting air into a model sand box body; and abnormal overpressure is formed in the 40-mesh dry quartz sand on the basis of the permeability difference between the 20-mesh dry quartz sand and the 40-mesh dry quartz sand. According to the physical simulation experiment device of the sand box, simulation of the basin structure for plastic deformation of overpressure stratum is achieved.
Description
Technical field
Technical field of geophysical exploration of the present invention, is specifically related to a kind of sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting.
Background technology
Determined by the distinctive kinematics of shear wave and dynamic characteristic, its for produce be furnished with gravel pebble bed and the Quaternary period natural gas pool bad ground there is higher resolution and penetration power, often be applied in Engineering seismic prospeCting, can reflect that the geological geophysical in exploration place characterizes preferably.The conventional focus gun, vibroseis, manpower focus etc. used cuts both ways, as focus gun excitation energy is large, but dangerous and environment for use is restricted; Vibroseis work safety, but cost is high and be not suitable for construction of structures dense city; Manpower focus is easy-to-use, but excitation energy is little and Energy transmission unstable; Etc..
The above-mentioned equipment for seismic prospecting is more common, and the explore applying this kind of exploring equipment is also comparatively extensive, but does not still further investigate for the foreland basin containing a large amount of oil and natural gas and delta gravitation gliding sturcture.Along with going deep into of oil exploitation, foreland basin and delta gravitation gliding sturcture are seemed all the more urgent.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting, its object is to the sandbox physical simulation based on simulating basin-mountain frame work under overpressured mudstone layer migration in Basin Evolution process, can realize simulating overpressured mudstone transport phenomena in three-dimensional foreland basin and the evolution of delta gravitation gliding sturcture.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting is provided, it is the sandbox physical simulation experiment device of plastic yield structural attitude under simulation overpressured formation transition condition, and it comprises model module and Formation overpressure load-on module; Wherein: model module is for placing particle diameter 20 order drying silica sand and the dry silica sand of particle diameter 40 order of simulation Basin Tectonic, the dry silica sand of particle diameter 20 order is for simulating the rock stratum of normally stressor layer, and the dry silica sand of particle diameter 40 order is for simulating the rock stratum forming abnormal overpressure stratum; The laying scope of the dry silica sand of particle diameter 40 order determines the distribution range on abnormal overpressure stratum, should lay according to the needs of realistic simulation experiment purpose; Formation overpressure load-on module is used for injecting air to model sand body, due to the dry silica sand of particle diameter 20 order and the perviousness difference of particle diameter 40 order drying silica sand, and make the inside of the dry silica sand of particle diameter 40 order form abnormal overpressure, thus the plastic yield of simulation overpressured formation.
Further, model module comprises experiment container 1, bottom metal net 2, the dry silica sand 11 of particle diameter 20 order and the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order; Experiment container 1 is rectangular parallelepiped, is of a size of 1m long * 0.2m wide * 0.3m high, and top is opened wide, and around four sides is glass plate, is respectively face glass plate 131, back glass plate 132, left side glass plate 133 and right side glass plate 134; Face glass plate 131 and back glass plate 132 measure-alike, for 1m long * 0.3m is wide, left side glass plate 133 and right side glass plate 134 measure-alike, for 0.2m long * 0.3m is wide; Bottom metal net 2 is iron and steel material quality, is of a size of 1m long * 0.2m wide, and grid is square, and aperture is less than 50m; Four blocks of baffle plate glass and bottom metal net 2 form cuboid container by boning.Experimentally design, the position of growing Formation overpressure is paved with the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order, the drier silica sand 11 of even bedding particle diameter 20 order; Bottom metal net 2 can make air permeable and upwards flow, and the sand body in container can not be missed downwards.
Closer, overpressure fluid load-on module comprises gas separator 3, rubber tube 4, valve 5, gas flow rate table 6, total gas piping 7, gas cushion 8, rain glass 9 and air pump 10; Gas separator 3 is cuboid container, and overall dimensions is that 1m long * 0.2m wide * 5cm is high, and six faces are iron and steel material quality; Gas separator 3 is placed under bottom metal net 2, and length and width are alignd; Gas separator 3 inside is erect by the metal baffle that 15 pieces of 0.2m (rice) long * 5cm (centimetre) are wide and is laterally placed, and gas separator 3 is evenly divided into the independent grid that 16 0.2m long * 6.25cm are wide; The wide gap of 0.2m long * 2mm is opened on each grid top, makes the gas in grid first by gap, then can enter experiment container 1 by bottom metal net 2; The front sheet metal 301 of gas separator 3 is at high 2.5cm, from left to right 3.125cm place drill diameter 5mm aperture, keep 2.5cm high afterwards, every 6.25cm drill diameter 5mm aperture 15, amount to 16 apertures to be arranged in a row successively along experiment table long side direction, and align in the horizontal and vertical directions, each aperture is correspondence one independently grid respectively, and the gas in grid can be exchanged with extraneous by aperture.
Insert rubber tube 4 in each aperture, and the front sheet metal 301 of rubber tube 4 outside surface and gas separator 3 is sealed; 16 rubber tubes 4 connect corresponding valve 5 and gas flow rate table 6 respectively, air can be controlled by valve 5 respectively by the flow velocity of each rubber tube 4, and show flow velocity by gas flow rate table 6; 16 rubber tube 4 ends are all communicated and is connected with total gas piping 7; Total gas piping 7 is copper pipe, bore 1cm, and total gas piping 7 end connects gas cushion 8; Gas cushion 8 top is connected with air pump 10, pumps into air by air pump 10 to gas cushion 8, orders about air and is entered independent grid in gas separator 3 by total gas piping 7 respectively.
Gas cushion 8 is empty right cylinder plastic containers, and capacity is 60L, and effect makes the pressure of gas and flow velocity keep stable, prevents gaseous tension excessive or improve too fast breaking test sand body.Rain glass 9 is connected to be used for detecting the pressure of gas cushion, the releasing pressure automatically when pressure is excessive on gas cushion top.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, provide the method using the above-mentioned sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting, it comprises the following steps:
The first step, according to actual basin size, according to 1:10
5scale smaller draws the size of experiment body, experiment sand body is laid according to actual basin fill zone thickness and form, wherein there is the dry quartz sand particle size 40 order simulation of the stratum particulate of Overpressure, dry quartz sand particle size 20 order of other normal pressure stratum coarse grain or larger simulation;
Second step, first set barometric maximum experiment air pressure, close the valve of rubber tube in gas separator, close the valve of total gas piping, open air pump, after this open the valve of total gas piping, open the valve of rubber tube gradually, governing speed can not be too fast, by the flow velocity of each grid in gas flow rate table gas-monitoring separation scraper in adjustment process, till reaching needed for experiment, now overpressured formation changes plastic behavior into by Brittleness, and experiment starts;
3rd step, can observe and record from each side of model in experimentation; After experiment terminates, keep the valve of rubber tube motionless, first close the valve of total gas piping, stop after flowing until gas, close the valve of rubber tube again, now superpressure layer no longer has plasticity, can to sections observation basin model inner structure after the sizing of experiment sand body water spray.
Use the sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting of the present invention and using method thereof, can be implemented in the basin-mountain frame work simulated experiment of regulation over-pressure shale layer position and overpressure strength, with the position of basin deformation behaviour regulation over-pressure shale layer and the plasticity degree that causes because of superpressure in experimentation, the Evolution Simulation of foreland basin or delta gravitation gliding sturcture can be carried out.Needed for specific experiment, only once-paving experiment material, the basin-mountain frame work of whole geology period of history can be carried out, the superpressure feature of material can be regulated in experimentation, instead of repeatedly redesign and the manufacture of device in the past, effectively reduce experimental cost, and the Basin Tectonic simulation of more multiple features can be realized, there is very high Social and economic benef@.The sandbox physical simulation experiment device of application simulation superpressure plastic shale deformation behaviour, increase substantially the utilization factor of experiment material, reduce the cost of single Basin Tectonic simulation, its structural module, manufacture and simple to operate, there is economy and the diversified feature of model, compensate in prior art and cannot realize ductile bed migration in experimentation, must repeatedly test stage by stage, the weak point of easy waste of material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation according to the sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.Additionally, protection scope of the present invention only should be limited to following concrete structure or parts or design parameter.
A large amount of oil and natural gas is all contained in foreland basin and delta gravitation gliding sturcture, wherein basin-mountain frame work controls deposition and the Late reformation on stratum, faulted structural activity controls the deposition of hydrocarbon source rock and buries, the deposition of reservoir and transformation, the migration pathway of oil gas from source rock to reservoir, the cap rock preservation condition after hydrocarbon reservoiring.Therefore the generation of oil gas, migration and preservation none be not controlled by structural evolution, significant to the tectonic cycle period of foreland basin and delta gravitation gliding sturcture, wherein structural physical simulation is the important research means of basin rift structure.Formation overpressure in basin can cause rock to produce plastic behavior, thus the structural evolution in impact and control basin; Superpressure is mainly formed in shale layer, is burying fast due to mud stone, pore water fail discharge produce.Further, superpressure phenomenon is that overlying strata causes, and along with the new life of overlying strata deposits, such as deltaic progradation effect, mudstone overpressure also transport phenomena occurs thereupon.At present, Chinese scholars all uses silica gel to simulate overpressured mudstone layer, achieves good effect, but silica gel can only one-time laying, cannot simulate the transport phenomena on overpressured mudstone stratum.
Sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting of the present invention, mainly solves in prior art and does not have to carry out in overpressured formation plastic yield modelling structural experiment, stratum foreset or move back the problem of the long-pending superpressure layer migration caused.It, based on the sandbox physical simulation experiment device of the structural evolution of foreland basin and delta gravitation gliding sturcture under simulation overpressured mudstone transition condition, is utilize rubble sand to simulate brittle formation, fine quartz sand simulation shale layer; In superpressure situation, mud stone is plasticity, and in normal pressure situation, mud stone is the fragility the same with other rocks.The present invention utilizes model geometric ratio of similitude to be generally 1:10
5computation model size, according to size, silica sand is laid in experiment container, by air pump and gas cushion, there is provided stable high pressure draught to total gas piping, independently gas velocity is controlled with valve and gas flow rate table, be supplied to each independent grid of gas separator by rubber tube, the sand body that gases at high pressure upwards enter in experiment container through bottom metal net is tested.The air velocity of sand body different piece can be controlled by control valve in experimentation, along with the increase of air velocity, the superpressure of fine sand layer also increases thereupon, now show as plastic behavior, deform under the effect of gravity or other thrusts, therefore this experimental provision achieves the migration of plastic behavior overpressured formation in Basin Tectonic simulation process.
Generally, sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting of the present invention realizes based on following principle: place experiment sand body in experiment container, utilize bottom metal net support sand body, and be communicated with gas separator, gas flow rate table and valve is connected by rubber tube, valve is connected with total gas piping, stable high voltage air-flow is provided by air pump and gas cushion, by the air velocity of each grid of gas flow rate table gas-monitoring separation scraper, utilize the air velocity of each grid of Valve control gas separation scraper.By injecting the different air of flow velocity to the different parts of experiment sand body, realize the control to superpressure plastic formation.
As shown in Figure 1,1-experiment container, 131-face glass plate, 132-back glass plate, 133-left side glass plate and 134-right side glass plate, 2-bottom metal net, 3-gas separator, front sheet metal 301,4-rubber tube, 5-valve, 6-gas flow rate table, 7-total gas piping, 8-gas cushion, 9-rain glass, 10-air pump, the dry silica sand of 11-particle diameter 20 order, the dry silica sand of 12-particle diameter 40 order.
Sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting of the present invention, it is the sandbox physical simulation experiment device of plastic yield structural attitude under simulation overpressured formation transition condition, and it comprises model module and Formation overpressure load-on module.Model module is for placing particle diameter 20 order drying silica sand 11 and the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order of simulation Basin Tectonic.Wherein, the dry silica sand 11 of particle diameter 20 order is for simulating the rock stratum of normally stressor layer, and the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order is for simulating the rock stratum forming abnormal overpressure stratum.The laying scope of the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order determines the distribution range on abnormal overpressure stratum, should lay according to the needs of realistic simulation experiment purpose.Formation overpressure load-on module is used for injecting air to model sand body, due to the dry silica sand 11 of particle diameter 20 order and the perviousness difference of the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order, and make the inside of the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order form abnormal overpressure, thus the plastic yield of simulation overpressured formation.
Further, model module comprises experiment container 1, bottom metal net 2, the dry silica sand 11 of particle diameter 20 order and the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order; Experiment container 1 is rectangular parallelepiped, is of a size of 1m long * 0.2m wide * 0.3m high, and top is opened wide, and around four sides is glass plate, is respectively face glass plate 131, back glass plate 132, left side glass plate 133 and right side glass plate 134; Face glass plate 131 and back glass plate 132 measure-alike, for 1m long * 0.3m is wide, left side glass plate 133 and right side glass plate 134 measure-alike, for 0.2m long * 0.3m is wide; Bottom metal net 2 is iron and steel material quality, is of a size of 1m long * 0.2m wide, and grid is square, and aperture is less than 50 orders; Four blocks of baffle plate glass and bottom metal net 2 form cuboid container by boning; Experimentally design, the position of growing Formation overpressure is paved with the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order, the drier silica sand 11 of even bedding particle diameter 20 order; Bottom metal net 2 can make air permeable and upwards flow, and the sand body in container can not be missed downwards.
Overpressure fluid load-on module comprises gas separator 3, rubber tube 4, valve 5, gas flow rate table 6, total gas piping 7, gas cushion 8, rain glass 9 and air pump 10; Gas separator 3 is cuboid container, and overall dimensions is that 1m long * 0.2m wide * 5cm is high, and six faces are iron and steel material quality; Gas separator 3 is placed under bottom metal net 2, and length and width are alignd; Gas separator 3 inside is erect by the metal baffle that 15 pieces of 0.2m (rice) long * 5cm (centimetre) are wide and is laterally placed, and gas separator 3 is evenly divided into the independent grid that 16 0.2m long * 6.25cm are wide, is not communicated with mutually between grid; The wide gap of 0.2m long * 2mm (millimeter) is opened in the middle on each grid top, makes the gas in grid first by gap, then can enter experiment container 1 by bottom metal net 2; The front sheet metal 301 of gas separator 3 is at high 2.5cm, from left to right 3.125cm place drill diameter 5mm aperture, keep 2.5cm high afterwards, in the horizontal direction on front sheet metal 301 every 6.25cm drill diameter 5mm aperture, amount to 16 apertures to be arranged in a row successively along experiment table long side direction, and align in the horizontal direction, each aperture is correspondence one independently grid respectively, and the gas in grid can be exchanged with extraneous by aperture; Insert rubber tube 4 in each aperture, and the front sheet metal 301 of rubber tube 4 outside surface and gas separator 3 is sealed; 16 rubber tubes 4 connect corresponding valve 5 and gas flow rate table 6 respectively, air can be controlled by valve 5 respectively by the flow velocity of each rubber tube 4, and show flow velocity by gas flow rate table 6; 16 rubber tube 4 ends are all communicated and is connected with total gas piping 7; Total gas piping 7 is copper pipe, and bore 1cm, is equipped with valve 13, and total gas piping 7 end connects gas cushion 8; Gas cushion 8 top is connected with air pump 10, pumps into air by air pump 10 to gas cushion 8, orders about air and is entered independent grid in gas separator 3 by total gas piping 7 respectively; Gas cushion 8 is empty right cylinder plastic containers, capacity is 60L, effect makes the pressure of gas and flow velocity keep stable, prevent gaseous tension excessive or improve too fast breaking test sand body, rain glass 9 is connected to be used for detecting gas buffer on gas cushion 8 top, the pressure of 8, the releasing pressure automatically when pressure is excessive.
Utilize the concrete use step of this device as follows:
The first step, according to actual basin size, according to 1:10
5scale smaller draws the size of experiment body, experiment sand body is laid according to actual basin fill zone thickness and form, dry quartz sand particle size 40 order 12 that the stratum particulate of Overpressure wherein occurs is simulated, and dry quartz sand particle size 20 order 11 of other normal pressure stratum coarse grain is simulated.
Second step, first set the maximum experiment air pressure of rain glass 9, close the valve 5 of rubber tube 4 in gas separator 3, close the valve 13 of total gas piping 7, open air pump, after this open the valve 13 of total gas piping, open the valve 5 of rubber tube 4 gradually, governing speed can not be too fast, by the flow velocity of each grid in gas flow rate table 6 gas-monitoring separation scraper 3 in adjustment process, till reaching needed for experiment, now overpressured formation changes plastic behavior into by Brittleness, and experiment starts.
3rd step, can observe and record from each side of model in experimentation.After experiment terminates, keep the valve 5 of rubber tube 4 motionless, first close the valve 13 of total gas piping, stop after flowing until gas, close the valve 5 of rubber tube 4 again, now superpressure layer no longer has plasticity, can to sections observation basin model inner structure after the sizing of experiment sand body water spray.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, of the present invention in the sandbox physical simulation experiment device of seismic prospecting, experimental provision comprises with lower component, is respectively the valve 13 of experiment container 1, face glass plate 131, back glass plate 132, left side glass plate 133 and right side glass plate 134, bottom metal net 2, gas separator 3, front sheet metal 301, rubber tube 4, valve 5, gas flow rate table 6, total gas piping 7, gas cushion 8, rain glass 9, air pump 10, the dry silica sand 11 of particle diameter 20 order, the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order, total gas piping.Wherein testing sand body is the dry silica sand 11 of particle diameter 20 order, the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order is all positioned in experiment container 1, gas separator 3 is positioned at experiment container 1 bottom, be separated into 16 grid, the air pressure of each grid inside is independent, bottom metal net 2 support experiment sand body, experiment sand body is communicated with the gas separator 3 of bottom, experiment sand body is not by bottom metal net 2, simultaneously air can pass through bottom metal net 2 and moves upward, each grid of gas separator 3 connects gas flow rate table 6 and valve 5 by independent rubber tube 4, valve 5 controls gas flow rate, with gas flow rate table 6 gas-monitoring flow velocity, the other end of valve 5 connects gas cushion 8 with total gas piping 7, gas cushion 8 is containers that volume is larger, play buffer action and make gaseous tension and flow speed stability, gas cushion 8 is installed rain glass 9, gas-monitoring impact damper 8 internal gas pressure, air pump 10 is used to inflate to gas cushion 8, hyperbar is provided.Gas flow rate and the pressure of each gas separator 3 is controlled by valve 5, gas permeation bottom metal net 2 is made to inject air to the sand body in experiment container 1, sand body is divided into coarse sand (the dry silica sand 11 of particle diameter 20 order) and fine sand (the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order), wherein there is superpressure lower than coarse sand (the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order) due to permeability in fine sand (particle diameter 20 order dry silica sand 11) under air effect, produce plastic behavior, the overpressured formation of foreland basin and delta gravitation gliding sturcture can be simulated, realize basin modelling experiment.
In another embodiment of the present invention, experiment container 1 top is opened wide, four sides (face glass plate 131, back glass plate 132, left side glass plate 133, right side glass plate 134) are glass material, can observe and record experiment process, when experiment starts experiment container 1 according to model similarity (actual and trial scale 1*10
5) lay sand body, the stratum of superpressure may be there is in fine sand (the dry silica sand 12 of particle diameter 40 order) simulation shale layer etc., coarse sand (the dry silica sand 11 of particle diameter 20 order) simulates other normal pressure stratum, gas separator 3 is utilized in sand body, to inject air through bottom metal net 2, because the permeability of fine sand layer is less than coarse sands layer, the gas pressure gradient therefore in fine sand layer is greater than coarse sands layer, produces superpressure, there is plastic behavior, produce distortion under gravity.In experimentation, can manually add newborn sedimentary formation, such as deltaic progradation phenomenon, also manually can carry out strata denudation, with overlying strata change, the plastic shale superpressure of bottom, thicker rock stratum should be stronger, overpressured formation generation transport phenomena, therefore utilize valve 5 to improve the air velocity of local, increase superpressure accordingly, the migration of overpressured formation can be simulated.After experiment terminates, use liquid medicine dipping experiment sand body, can sections observation be carried out.
In another embodiment of the present invention, according to actual basin size, according to actual with test into 1:10
5scale smaller draws the size of experiment body, and lay experiment sand body according to actual basin fill zone thickness and form, the stratum fine sand that Overpressure wherein occurs is simulated, and other normal pressure stratum coarse sands are simulated.Open air pump 10 afterwards, increase air-flow supply gradually, the air velocity of each grid of gas separator 3 is observed with gas flow rate table 6, the size of air velocity is controlled to adapting to needed for experiment with valve 5, now the fine sand layer of testing in sand body shows as plastic behavior, deform under gravity control, in experimentation, the newborn deposition of adding material simulation can be continued on experiment sand body, or remove portion of material simulation weathering and erosion, after experiment distortion, due to the change of structural feature, Formation overpressure feature also changes to some extent, as overpressured formation migration etc., the air velocity of each grid of corresponding change gas separator 3, experiment can be proceeded on original experiment sand body basis.Carry out Taking Pictures recording with the time of setting or distance interval to the end face of experiment sand body and side in experimentation, experiment terminates rear medication water retting experiment sand body makes it consolidation, carries out sections observation record.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Providing can in the basin-mountain frame work simulated experiment of regulation over-pressure shale layer position and overpressure strength, with the position of basin deformation behaviour regulation over-pressure shale layer and the plasticity degree that causes because of superpressure in experimentation, the Evolution Simulation of foreland basin or delta gravitation gliding sturcture can be carried out.Needed for specific experiment, only once-paving experiment material, the basin-mountain frame work of whole geology period of history can be carried out, the superpressure feature of material can be regulated in experimentation, instead of repeatedly redesign and the manufacture of device in the past, effectively reduce experimental cost, and the Basin Tectonic simulation of more multiple features can be realized, there is very high Social and economic benef@.The sandbox physical simulation experiment device of application simulation superpressure plastic shale deformation behaviour, increase substantially the utilization factor of experiment material, reduce the cost of single Basin Tectonic simulation, its structural module, manufacture and simple to operate, there is economy and the diversified feature of model, compensate in prior art and cannot realize ductile bed migration in experimentation, must repeatedly test stage by stage, the weak point of easy waste of material.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.This area those skilled in the art are appreciated that when not deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention of claims definition, can make various amendment in form and details.
Claims (4)
1. for a sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting, it is characterized in that, it is the sandbox physical simulation experiment device of plastic yield structural attitude under simulation overpressured formation transition condition, and it comprises model module and Formation overpressure load-on module; Wherein:
Model module is for placing particle diameter 20 order drying silica sand and the dry silica sand of particle diameter 40 order of simulation Basin Tectonic, the dry silica sand of particle diameter 20 order is for simulating the rock stratum of normally stressor layer, and the dry silica sand of particle diameter 40 order is for simulating the rock stratum forming abnormal overpressure stratum; Utilize the laying scope of the dry silica sand of particle diameter 40 order to form the distribution range on abnormal overpressure stratum, the needs according to realistic simulation experiment purpose are laid;
Formation overpressure load-on module is used for injecting air to model sand body, based on the perviousness difference of the dry silica sand of particle diameter 20 order with particle diameter 40 order drying silica sand, the inside of the dry silica sand of particle diameter 40 order is made to form abnormal overpressure, thus the plastic yield of simulation overpressured formation;
Described model module comprises experiment container (1), bottom metal net (2), the dry silica sand (11) of particle diameter 20 order and the dry silica sand (12) of particle diameter 40 order; Experiment container (1) is rectangular parallelepiped, be of a size of 1m long * 0.2m wide * 0.3m high, top is opened wide, around four sides is glass plate, is respectively face glass plate (131), back glass plate (132), left side glass plate (133) and right side glass plate (134); Face glass plate (131) and back glass plate (132) measure-alike, for 1m long * 0.3m is wide, left side glass plate (133) and right side glass plate (134) measure-alike, for 0.2m long * 0.3m is wide; Bottom metal net (2) is iron and steel material quality, is of a size of 1m long * 0.2m wide, and grid is square, and aperture is less than 50 orders; Four blocks of baffle plate glass and bottom metal net (2) form cuboid container by boning;
Formation overpressure load-on module comprises gas separator (3), rubber tube (4), valve (5), gas flow rate table (6), total gas piping (7), gas cushion (8), rain glass (9) and air pump (10); Gas separator (3) is cuboid container, and the overall dimensions of Formation overpressure load-on module is that 1m long * 0.2m wide * 5cm is high, and six faces are iron and steel material quality; Gas separator (3) is placed under bottom metal net (2), and length and width are alignd; The inner metal baffle setting laterally placement wide by 15 pieces of 0.2m long * 5cm of gas separator (3), is evenly divided into the independent grid that 16 0.2m long * 6.25cm are wide by gas separator (3); The wide gap of 0.2m long * 2mm is opened on each grid top, makes the gas in grid first by gap, then can enter experiment container (1) by bottom metal net (2); The front sheet metal (301) of gas separator (3) is at high 2.5cm, from left to right 3.125cm place drill diameter 5mm aperture, keep 2.5cm high afterwards, every 6.25cm drill diameter 5mm aperture 15, amount to 16 apertures to be arranged in a row successively along experiment table long side direction, and align in the horizontal and vertical directions, each aperture is correspondence one independently grid respectively, and the gas in grid can be exchanged with extraneous by aperture.
2. the sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, insert rubber tube (4) in each aperture, and the front sheet metal (301) of rubber tube (4) outside surface and gas separator (3) is sealed; 16 rubber tubes (4) connect corresponding valve (5) and gas flow rate table (6) respectively, air is controlled by valve (5) respectively by the flow velocity of each rubber tube (4), and by gas flow rate table (6) display flow velocity; 16 rubber tube (4) ends are all communicated and are connected with total gas piping (7); Total gas piping (7) is copper pipe, bore 1cm, and total gas piping (7) end connects gas cushion (8); Gas cushion (8) top is connected with air pump (10), pump into air by air pump (10) to gas cushion (8), order about air and entered independent grid in gas separator (3) by total gas piping (7) respectively.
3. the sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, gas cushion (8) is empty right cylinder plastic containers, capacity is 60L, effect makes the pressure of gas and flow velocity keep stable, prevents gaseous tension excessive or improve too fast breaking test sand body.
4. the sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting according to claim 3, is characterized in that, connects rain glass (9) to be used for detecting the pressure of gas cushion, the releasing pressure automatically when pressure is excessive on gas cushion top.
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| CN201510282407.2A CN105160978B (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2015-02-03 | A kind of sandbox physical simulation experiment device for seismic prospecting |
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| CN113671572B (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2023-08-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Seismic data imaging method and device based on indoor sand box |
| CN112466197B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-07-27 | 东北石油大学 | Physical simulation experiment device and simulation experiment method for sand box |
| CN112976364B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-20 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Slicing system for geological structure simulation experiment and sand body model slicing system |
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