CN104536039B - Waterborne seismic refraction data acquisition method based on bubble seismic source - Google Patents
Waterborne seismic refraction data acquisition method based on bubble seismic source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a water seismic refraction data acquisition method based on a bubble seismic source, and belongs to the field of engineering investigation. Under the condition of ensuring the target exploration depth, the invention adopts the green, environment-friendly, high-efficiency, low-cost, safe and reliable bubble seismic sources to replace explosive seismic sources to excite seismic waves in river water, and adopts the interchange principle to carry out field data acquisition in a mode of receiving signals on both sides of a river. The acquisition of the cross-river profile water seismic refracted wave data by adopting an encounter time-distance curve observation system is completed by using a ship to transport a bubble seismic source to an excitation point along a measuring line arranged in advance and exciting seismic waves point by point at a certain interval and using a digital detector to receive the seismic waves at the end points of the measuring line on both sides of a river. The method is successfully applied to domestic and foreign hydroelectric engineering, achieves good effect and has strong practicability. The invention changes the data acquisition and operation mode of the traditional water seismic refraction exploration, and has wide market prospect and popularization value in water exploration of water, electricity and water.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to engineering investigation technical field, specifically belong to the ground of geophysical exploration in engineering investigation technical field
Seismic exploration field, particularly to a kind of water seismic refraction data acquisition method based on bubble focus.
Background technology
The task in water power early stage each stage mainly selects suitable dam site, investigation geological condition of reservoir area etc., visits in engineering
Overburden cover, the weathering depth of regional, understanding subterrane velocity of longitudinal wave and weathering zone is as found out in survey
Distribution.Refraction wave is to be most widely used in hydroelectric project seismic prospecting, is also one of more ripe method.Ground
In layer when the speed of layer dielectric is more than top dielectric, slided at the interface along layer dielectric with the seismic wave that critical angle is incident
While in top dielectric produce refracted wave.Go out propagation time, the analysis interpretation earthquake record of refracted wave with instrument record, can
To be inferred to rock property, structure and geometric parameter, thus reaching investigation and the work of all kinds of geological conditions and formation fracture band
The purpose of journey quality testing.
Traditional water seismic refraction survey is with exciting reception principle of reciprocity, using reversed profile observation
System, in institute's cloth survey line korneforos shot point position dynamite source earthquake-wave-exciting, river two sides survey line end points is laid cymoscope and is connect
Receive seismic wave to carry out the data acquisition of field operation.Traditional acquisition mode, due to using dynamite source, has to ecological environment
Huge destructiveness, and have larger construction risk.It is thus desirable to finding a set of environmental protection, high efficiency, low cost,
The data acquisition modes of safe and reliable replacement dynamite source system.
Content of the invention
The invention aims to solution the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of folding of the water seismic based on bubble focus
Penetrate method field data acquisition method, under conditions of ensureing target exploration depth, using environmental protection, high-efficiency and low-cost, peace
Reliable bubble focus, in korneforos shot point position earthquake-wave-exciting, using principle of reciprocity, is pacified in river two sides survey line end points entirely
Put the high-precision mode receiving cymoscope and carry out field data collection.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows：
A kind of water seismic refraction data acquisition method based on bubble focus, comprises the steps：
Step（1）, survey line design：Determine the cloth of survey line according to task, detected object, geological structure and orographic condition
Put；Along doing during water seismic refracted wave arrangement of measuring-line it is desirable to survey line is made every effort to for straight line along river section and across river section, as far as possible vertically
Rock stratum or the trend of construction；Survey line is as consistent with the exploration line of other physical prospecting surveys line or probing as possible；Survey line will equably divide
Bu Quance area；When stratigraphic dip is larger, line direction should be changed to avoid blind area excessive or not receive refracted wave；
Step（2）, determine digitized detector position and bubble epicenter excitation dot spacing：Digital seismic detector position
And bubble epicenter excitation dot spacing should be designed according to experiment work；Experiment work should be arranged in drafts in survey area river course relatively
The relatively stable section of relatively straight, current；In no given data, according to flow width, design experiment length profile is river
2 ~ 5 times of width；SHALLOW SEISMIC requires the position of digitized cymoscope（The reception location of refracted wave）Must be blind
Outside area's scope, blind area scope changes with the size of the depth, inclination conditions and critical angle of refracting interface；Former according to exchanging
Reason, when doing this water seismic refracted wave exploration, digitized cymoscope installation site（Receiving point）It is located at bank, bubble focus
Shot point spaced set in river course；During using reversed profile observation system, carry out bubble epicenter excitation point and numeral
After changing detector position exchange, should ensure that at least 4 geophone stations of section that meet following the trail of interface can effectively receive refracted wave；Digitized
Cymoscope accomplishes position accurately when burying, and two sides planting condition is consistent, and contact with ground firmly, prevent from leaking electricity and background is dry
Disturb；Bubble epicenter excitation point location gap should require and Geophysical Condition determination according to selecting method, detection mission；Same
On survey line, preferably adopt same geophone interval and spread length, shot point spacing is preferably 5～10m；
Step（3）, set up across river section, lay data cable：Because left and right bank receiving point is on section, institute
With arrange section when to take into account selection receiving point position so as to as far as possible near bank, be easy to embedding；When by landform,
Noodles part limits, and when cymoscope can not be placed in original design point position, can move along survey line, the position of movement does not include interlocking point,
As moved along cross line direction when having any problem, its offset distance should be less than 1/5 shot point spacing；
Set up across river section to require：
First, according to step（2）In requirement determine digitized detector position and bubble epicenter excitation dot spacing, and
After designing across river section, set up steel wire rope for end points along across river section with the left and right two ends of section, steel wire rope hang up hook,
Data cable passes through from hook；
Second, hook hangs up the rope of fixing bubble focus firing line, and bubble focus firing line is tied up on rope,
Ensure that bubble focus firing line is not washed away by current；
3rd, according to testing profile experimental result, determine the length range across river section, the explanation in the survey section by making
Point is uniformly distributed, and across river section is parallel being equally spaced；
4th, the requirement according to investigation accuracy determines profile spacing size, and spacing is 20m ~ 40m, and the spacing of hook is 5m
Or 10m；Reason has at 2 points, one：Hook spacing can be used as receiving dot spacing, is easy to count；Second, identical hook spacing can
To ensure the uniform force of cable, so that cable is difficult overboard, extend its service life；
Step（4）, data acquisition：Using reversed profile observation system, select left bank in korneforos first or right bank is made
For the originating terminal of data acquisition, start workboat by mobile for bubble focus to first shot point, and control bubble epicenter excitation ground
Seismic wave, applies the digital detector of left and right two sides to complete data acquisition first；Then, according to the shot point spacing of design, gradually
Change bubble hypocentral location, complete monolateral remaining data acquisition；Finally, using another bank originating as data acquisition in river
End, and determine the first shot point of bubble focus, repeat above gatherer process, data acquisition；Seismic exploration data is adopted
Collecting system includes Seismic Source System, data acquisition unit, digitized cymoscope data cable, and Seismic Source System includes bubble vibrations dress
Put, data cable and sync control device；During collection, collection stand control bubble shaking device occurs vibrations to produce seismic wave letter
Number, it is simultaneously emitted by synchronous acquisition instruction, digitized cymoscope gathers seismic signal, the signal of collection passes through cable transmission to adopting
Collection station has just obtained earthquake record；Each device in each device and Seismic Source System wherein in seismic prospecting data collecting system it
Between connected mode be this area conventional technique means；
Step（5）, data processing：Just can get all kinds of geological conditions and the tune of formation fracture band through processing, explaining
Look into and civil engineering quality testing data；When processing, according to the earthquake record of same profile identical shot point difference receiving point,
Read refracted wave hourage, draw comprehensive time curve, solve refracting interface overlying medium average speed, basement rock velocity of wave and boundary
Face depth；According to quantitative interpretation achievement, draw riverbed basement rock velocity of wave isogram, riverbed alluvium thickness isogram, foundation
Basement rock velocity of wave size, preliminary assessment surveys the riverbed basement rock integrity in area section.
Bubble focus described in technique scheme is electromagnetic vibration exciter.
It is further preferred that described source type is bubble focus, the 400Hz pulse of frequency arrowband, sound source level+
200dB.
Step in technique scheme（5）Described solution refracting interface overlying medium average speed, basement rock velocity of wave and boundary
The method of face depth explores means of interpretation for shallow seismic refraction ripple.
It is further preferred that step（5）Described shallow seismic refraction ripple exploration means of interpretation is t0 method, when postponing
Method, conjugate point method or time field method.
Wherein, t0 method, delay time method, conjugate point method or time field method can bases《Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering physical prospecting code》Etc. phase
Close content described in document determining.
Compared with prior art, its advantage is the present invention：
（1）The present invention provides a kind of water seismic refraction data acquisition method based on bubble focus, the process employs
A set of environmental protection bubble Seismic Source System substitutes dynamite source system, solves and using dynamite source, the pollution of ecological environment is broken
Go bad and safety problem, the present invention changes data acquisition and the operating type of traditional refractive seismic exploration on water, can be used for inland
The Waterborne seismic prospecting of rivers；
（2）The present invention is safe and reliable using constructing, and the bubble focus waterborne that excitation energy can reach exploration requirement exists
Korneforos shot point position earthquake-wave-exciting, adopts digitized cymoscope to receive seismic wave in river two sides, thus completing data
Gatherer process；
（3）The inventive method has been successfully applied to home and abroad hydroelectric project, achieves good effect, practical,
There is in the exploration on water of power station extensive market prospect and promotional value.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the refractive seismic exploration on water field data collection construction schematic diagram using the inventive method.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be regarded as limiting this
Bright scope.Unreceipted particular technique or condition person in embodiment, according to the technology described by document in the art or condition
Or carry out according to product description.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, are and can pass through what purchase obtain
Conventional products.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of water seismic refraction data acquisition method based on bubble focus, comprise the steps：
Step（1）, survey line design：Determine the cloth of survey line according to task, detected object, geological structure and orographic condition
Put；Along doing during water seismic refracted wave arrangement of measuring-line it is desirable to survey line is made every effort to for straight line along river section and across river section, as far as possible vertically
Rock stratum or the trend of construction；Survey line is as consistent with the exploration line of other physical prospecting surveys line or probing as possible；Survey line will equably divide
Bu Quance area；When stratigraphic dip is larger, line direction should be changed to avoid blind area excessive or not receive refracted wave.Example
As in Tibet Qu Zi card power station, the task of refractive seismic exploration on water is mainly detection riverbed alluvium thickness, basement rock velocity of wave
With suitable river rift structure；Survey area two sides landform steep.According to above design principle, survey line is straight line, constructs and riverbed with along river
Oblique, crosses dam site boring arrangement, reticulates and be uniformly distributed in survey area.
Step（2）, determine digitized detector position and bubble epicenter excitation dot spacing：Digital seismic detector position
And bubble epicenter excitation dot spacing should be designed according to experiment work；Experiment work should be arranged in drafts in survey area river course relatively
The relatively stable section of relatively straight, current；In no given data, according to flow width, design experiment length profile is river
2 ~ 5 times of width；SHALLOW SEISMIC requires the position of digitized cymoscope（The reception location of refracted wave）Must be blind
Outside area's scope, blind area scope changes with the size of the depth, inclination conditions and critical angle of refracting interface；Former according to exchanging
Reason, when doing this water seismic refracted wave exploration, digitized cymoscope installation site（Receiving point）It is located at bank, bubble focus
Shot point spaced set in river course；During using reversed profile observation system, carry out bubble epicenter excitation point and numeral
After changing detector position exchange, should ensure that at least 4 geophone stations of section that meet following the trail of interface can effectively receive refracted wave；Digitized
Cymoscope accomplishes position accurately when burying, and two sides planting condition is consistent, and contact with ground firmly, prevent from leaking electricity and background is dry
Disturb；Bubble epicenter excitation point location gap should require and Geophysical Condition determination according to selecting method, detection mission；Same
On survey line, preferably adopt same geophone interval and spread length, shot point spacing is preferably 5～10m.Source type shakes for bubble
Source electromagnetic vibration exciter, the 400Hz pulse of frequency arrowband, sound source level+200dB.For example, waterborne in Tibet Qu Zi card power station
In seismic refraction exploration, because river surface width is 40 ~ 50m, then survey line length is pressed 120 ~ 150m and is arranged, shot point spacing is 10m,
Ensure that cymoscope can effectively receive the refracted wave of more than 4 shot points；Cymoscope be arranged in river side, two of every survey line
On end points.
Step（3）, set up across river section, lay data cable：Because left and right bank receiving point is on section, institute
With arrange section when to take into account selection receiving point position so as to as far as possible near bank, be easy to embedding；When by landform,
Noodles part limits, and when cymoscope can not be placed in original design point position, can move along survey line, the position of movement does not include interlocking point,
As moved along cross line direction when having any problem, its offset distance should be less than 1/5 shot point spacing；
Set up across river section to require：
First, according to step（2）In requirement determine digitized detector position and bubble epicenter excitation dot spacing, and
After designing across river section, set up steel wire rope for end points along across river section with the left and right two ends of section, steel wire rope hang up hook,
Data cable passes through from hook；
Second, hook hangs up the rope of fixing bubble focus firing line, and bubble focus firing line is tied up on rope,
Ensure that bubble focus firing line is not washed away by current；
3rd, according to testing profile experimental result, determine the length range across river section, the explanation in the survey section by making
Point is uniformly distributed, and across river section is parallel being equally spaced；
4th, the requirement according to investigation accuracy determines profile spacing size, and spacing is 20m ~ 40m, and the spacing of hook is 5m
Or 10m；Reason has at 2 points, one：Hook spacing can be used as receiving dot spacing, is easy to count；Second, identical hook spacing can
To ensure the uniform force of cable, so that cable is difficult overboard, extend its service life；
Step（4）, data acquisition：Using reversed profile observation system, select left bank in korneforos first or right bank is made
For the originating terminal of data acquisition, start workboat by mobile for bubble focus to first shot point, and control bubble epicenter excitation ground
Seismic wave, applies the digital detector of left and right two sides to complete data acquisition first；Then, according to the shot point spacing of design, gradually
Change bubble hypocentral location, complete monolateral remaining data acquisition；Finally, using another bank originating as data acquisition in river
End, and determine the first shot point of bubble focus, repeat above gatherer process, data acquisition；Seismic exploration data is adopted
Collecting system includes Seismic Source System, data acquisition unit, digitized cymoscope data cable, and Seismic Source System includes bubble vibrations dress
Put, data cable and sync control device；During collection, collection stand control bubble shaking device occurs vibrations to produce seismic wave letter
Number, it is simultaneously emitted by synchronous acquisition instruction, digitized cymoscope gathers seismic signal, the signal of collection passes through cable transmission to adopting
Collection station has just obtained earthquake record；Each device in each device and Seismic Source System wherein in seismic prospecting data collecting system it
Between connected mode be this area conventional technique means；
Step（5）, data processing：Just can get all kinds of geological conditions and the tune of formation fracture band through processing, explaining
Look into and civil engineering quality testing data；When processing, according to the earthquake record of same profile identical shot point difference receiving point,
Read refracted wave hourage, draw comprehensive time curve, in t0The shallow-layers such as method, delay time method, conjugate point method, time field method ground
Choose any one kind of them in shake refracted wave exploration means of interpretation, solve refracting interface overlying medium average speed, basement rock velocity of wave and interface deep
Degree；According to quantitative interpretation achievement, riverbed basement rock velocity of wave isogram, riverbed alluvium thickness isogram, foundation can be drawn
Basement rock velocity of wave size, can survey the riverbed basement rock integrated degree in area section by preliminary assessment.In Tibet Qu Zi card power station waterbornely
It is simply that application t0 method carries out processing explanation, to ask for refracting interface overlying medium average speed, basement rock velocity of wave in shake refraction shooting
With interface depth.
Ultimate principle and principal character and the advantages of the present invention of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and description is originally for personnel
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, these changes
Change and improvement both falls within scope of the claimed invention.Claimed scope by appending claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of water seismic refraction data acquisition method based on bubble focus is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
Step（1）, survey line design：Determine the arrangement of survey line according to task, detected object, geological structure and orographic condition；
Do during water seismic refracted wave arrangement of measuring-line it is desirable to survey line is made every effort to for straight line, vertical rock as far as possible along along river section and across river section
Layer or the trend of construction；Survey line is as consistent with the exploration line of other physical prospecting surveys line or probing as possible；Survey line will be evenly distributed
In Quan Ce area；When stratigraphic dip is larger, line direction should be changed to avoid blind area excessive or not receive refracted wave；
Step（2）, determine digitized detector position and bubble epicenter excitation dot spacing：Digital seismic detector position and gas
Bubble epicenter excitation dot spacing is designed according to experiment work；Experiment work be arranged in draft river course in survey area relatively straight,
The relatively stable section of current；In no given data, according to flow width, design experiment length profile is flow width
2 ~ 5 times；The position of digitized cymoscope must be outside the scope of blind area, and blind area scope is with the depth of refracting interface, inclination conditions
And the size of critical angle and change；Digitized cymoscope installation site is located at bank, and bubble epicenter excitation point is in river course etc.
Spacing is arranged；During using reversed profile observation system, carry out bubble epicenter excitation point and digitized detector position exchanges
Afterwards, at least 4 geophone stations of section that meet following the trail of interface can effectively receive refracted wave；The embedding bar in two sides when digitized cymoscope is buried
Part is consistent, and contact with ground firmly, prevent from leaking electricity and ambient interferences；On same survey line, using same geophone interval and row
Row length, shot point spacing is 5～10m；
Step（3）, set up across river section, lay data cable：Because left and right bank receiving point is on section, so cloth
Put the position of the receiving point that will take into account selection during section so as to as far as possible near bank, and be easy to embedding；When by landform or ground
Condition limits, and when cymoscope can not be placed in original design point position, moves along survey line, the position of movement does not include interlocking point；As also
Move along cross line direction when having any problem, its offset distance should be less than 1/5 shot point spacing；
Set up across river section to require：
First, according to step（2）In requirement determine digitized detector position and bubble epicenter excitation dot spacing, and design
After good across river section, set up steel wire rope for end points along across river section with the left and right two ends of section, steel wire rope hangs up hook, data
Cable passes through from hook；
Second, hook hangs up the rope of fixing bubble focus firing line, and bubble focus firing line is tied up on rope；
3rd, according to testing profile experimental result, determine the length range across river section, the explanation point in the survey section by making is equal
Even distribution, across river section is parallel being equally spaced；
4th, determine profile spacing size according to the requirement of investigation accuracy, spacing is 20m ~ 40m, the spacing of hook be 5m or
10m；
Step（4）, data acquisition：Using reversed profile observation system, select left bank or right bank as number in korneforos first
According to the originating terminal of collection, start workboat by mobile for bubble focus to first shot point, and control bubble epicenter excitation seismic wave,
The digital detector applying left and right two sides completes data acquisition first；Then, according to the shot point spacing of design, gradually change
Bubble hypocentral location, completes monolateral remaining data acquisition；Finally, using another bank in river as data acquisition originating terminal,
From the beginning of the first shot point of bubble focus, repeat above gatherer process, data acquisition；Seismic prospecting data collecting system
Including Seismic Source System, data acquisition unit, digitized cymoscope data cable, Seismic Source System includes bubble shaking device, number
According to cable and sync control device；During collection, collection stand control bubble shaking device occurs vibrations to produce seismic signal, simultaneously
Send synchronous acquisition instruction, digitized cymoscope gathers seismic signal, the signal of collection passes through cable transmission to acquisition station just
Obtain earthquake record；
Step（5）, data processing：Through process, explain just can get all kinds of geological conditions and formation fracture band investigation and
Civil engineering quality testing data；When processing, according to the earthquake record of same profile identical shot point difference receiving point, read
Refracted wave hourage, draw comprehensive time curve, solve refracting interface overlying medium average speed, basement rock velocity of wave and interface deep
Degree；According to quantitative interpretation achievement, draw riverbed basement rock velocity of wave isogram and riverbed alluvium thickness isogram, according to basement rock
Velocity of wave size, preliminary assessment surveys the riverbed basement rock integrity in area section.
2. the water seismic refraction data acquisition method based on bubble focus according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that institute
The bubble focus stated is electromagnetic vibration exciter.
3. the water seismic refraction data acquisition method based on bubble focus according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that institute
The frequency arrowband 400Hz pulse of the bubble focus stated, sound source level+200dB.
4. the water seismic refraction data acquisition method based on bubble focus according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that walk
Suddenly（5）The described method solving refracting interface overlying medium average speed, basement rock velocity of wave and interface depth is rolled over for shallow earthquake
Ejected wave explores means of interpretation.
5. the water seismic refraction data acquisition method based on bubble focus according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that walk
Suddenly（5）Described shallow seismic refraction ripple exploration means of interpretation is t0Method, delay time method, conjugate point method or time field method.
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| CN114236606B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2024-07-05 | 李文捷 | Multipurpose seismic exploration vacuum seismic source system and working method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101852867A (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-10-06 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Vectorial resultant demodulator probe secondary positioning method |
| CN103760606A (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2014-04-30 | 铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Bidirectional continuous underway seismic refraction method observation system applicable to complex water area exploration |
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| WO2011059896A1 (en) * | 2009-11-11 | 2011-05-19 | Conocophillips Company | Seismic acquisition in marine environments using survey paths following a series of linked deviated paths and methods of use |
| AU2013331280B2 (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2017-06-29 | Conocophillips Company | Flared pseudo-random spiral marine acquisition |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101852867A (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-10-06 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Vectorial resultant demodulator probe secondary positioning method |
| CN103760606A (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2014-04-30 | 铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Bidirectional continuous underway seismic refraction method observation system applicable to complex water area exploration |
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