CN104535663B - A kind of ultrasonic phase array lossless detection method based on point shape - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of the ultrasonic phase array Non-Destructive Testing based on point shape, method includes Bayesian Information blending algorithm and signal Fractal process two parts, wherein, Bayesian Information blending algorithm has following steps：Take out median and upper and lower quartile that each array element of ultrasonic phase array probe individually gathers signal successively, obtain quartile dispersion, seek superseded point, obtain valid data fusion collection, seek the characteristic function and decision function of each valid data, risk function is obtained, the Bayes risk of decision function is extracted, draws the optimal estimation value of parameter；Signal parting process has following steps：Pass through coefficient of wavelet decomposition map analysis image fractal property, determine non-scaling section, calculate fractal dimension, defect and defect type are determined whether according to fractal dimension, on the basis of information utilization is improved using Bayesian Information blending algorithm, the present invention handles nonlinear modern signal using fractal technology, so as to judge that composite has the type of zero defect and defect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Modern ultrasound field of signal processing, more particularly to a kind of lossless inspection of ultrasonic phase array based on point shape
Survey method.
Background technology
Ultrasonic phased array technology is suggested in last century the eighties, and initial stage mainly examines applied to medical ultrasound image
It is disconnected.Recent domestic ultrasonic phased array technology have developed rapidly, the awfully hot door of the research in terms of medical diagnosis and industrial detection.
With continuing to develop for ultrasonic phase array system design, system simulation and practical application, phased-array technique tromps upper numeral
Change.With continuing to develop for ultrasonic phased array technology development and application, phased-array technique has been used for the lossless of composite etc.
Detection.However, because composite material structure is varied, use requirement is also not quite similar.Because each array element of ultrasonic phase array is obtained
Echo information there are different signal characteristics, single information can not describe measured body comprehensively；Ultrasonic wave is in the composite
Amplitude attenuation is big, so the echo amplitude very little that supersonic array is obtained, follow-up is not allowed disposable；When simultaneously multiple array elements are sent out
When penetrating, effect can be interfered between the transmitted wave of each array element, echo, when each wave phase is different, signal intensity can weaken.Institute
There is following difficult point：Also it is difficult to the detection and evaluation for being competent at its quality, actually detected work just with ultrasonic phase array method
Generally required in work for different detection objects and requirement, using different detection technique and method.
According to above-mentioned technological difficulties, Chinese invention patent application number 201310152221.6 passes through only with a kind of linear spy
Head, can carry out Non-Destructive Testing to the axle class of different shape and size with ultrasonic phased array technology, improve detection efficiency, solve
Detect that different axles need the probe of different model in axle quasi-tradition ultrasound examination, and be equipped with different axle class reference blocks
The problem of carrying out contrast test, greatly reduces the input of man power and material.However, this invention is just for axle class object, and
Composite for plane is not applied to simultaneously.
Chinese invention patent application number 201310166560.X proposes a kind of ultrasonic phase array inspection of U ribs of steel box girder angle welding
Survey method, the inventive method solves the problem of U ribs of steel box girder angle welding fusion penetration and Inner Defect Testing, makes U ribs of steel box girder angle
The welding quality of weld seam is effectively controlled.But, this invention not only needs ultrasonic phase array probe to also need to reference block, and
And the regulation of sensitivity is in test block, bad operation, sensitivity error is big.
National inventing patent application number 201310209297.8 proposes a kind of based on ultrasonic phase array and SVMs
Weld defect detection recognition method, solves the problems, such as slab electron beam weld defect Non-Destructive Testing and identification.However, this invention is needed
Three submodels based on SVMs are constructed, as long as mistake occurs in a submodel, whole recognition result will be influenceed.
Chinese invention patent application number 200510124212.1 is proposed using phased array supersonic automatic checkout system to weld seam
The method that transversal crack is detected, solves the problem of detection weld seam transversal crack, and testing result is accurately and reliably.But,
This invention will use four ultrasonic phase arrays one weld seams of probe to be that symmetry axis is arranged in cruciform symmetry, so necessary before being detected
It is to be understood that the position of cross weld, and for the object typically to be detected, where we are not aware that weld seam in advance.Realize
Non-Destructive Testing is carried out to the composite of unknown defect situation, it is higher by hardware implementation cost, realize relatively difficult.
Within a nearly century, signal transacting research field is continued to develop, and people are had started to the focus of research from tradition
Signal transacting come in modern signal processing.Modern signal is mainly the sophisticated signal such as non-linear and non-stationary.Divide shape reason
By being exactly a kind of means for handling modern signal, and solve nonlinear problem for people and open new approach.Wavelet transformation with
Fractal algorithm has deep inner link.Point shape is a kind of geometry language, and wavelet transformation is a kind of analysis tool, wavelet transformation
Translation invariance it is consistent with the scale invariability of fractal transformation.The definition of point shape is irregular geometry in dynamic evolution
During, in the range of certain scale yardstick, estimating will not change accordingly with rescaling, that is, system or
The element of each in entirety or part can embody the characteristic and information of whole system to a certain extent, and this is referred to as self similarity
Property.So, can be on less and less yardstick it was observed that increasingly enriches is thin by the conversion of different scale from big to small
Section.
Fractal algorithm and Bayesian Information blending algorithm are combined the Non-Destructive Testing for ultrasonic phase array, both can be with
The information for making full use of each array element of phased array to obtain, can fast and accurately differentiate the unknown defect of a variety of measurands again.And
Such technology is not yet documented at present.
The content of the invention
To solve above-mentioned technological difficulties, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ultrasonic phase array Non-Destructive Testing based on point shape
Method.This method can not only improve the utilization rate that each ultrasonic phase array array element gathers information, obtain to actual environment more
For accurate, reliable description, the unknown defect of composite can also be fast and accurately differentiated.
The present invention is realized by the following technical scheme, a kind of ultrasonic phase array Non-Destructive Testing side based on point shape
Method, comprises the following steps：
(1) ultrasound phased array devices are used, each array element that design device parameter is popped one's head in by ultrasonic phase array is independent successively
Transmitting, when No. 1 array element is individually launched, No. 2 array elements gather echo-signal；When No. 2 array elements are individually launched, No. 3 array elements gather echo
All signals collected by that analogy, are finally constituted an array, obtain multiple arrays by signal；
(2) a point bitmap method is used to obtained array, obtains participating in the minimum fused data of information fusion, composition is optimal
Merge new array；
(3) most preferably merged and last information fusion is carried out after new array, so as to obtain optimal result, Bayes estimates
The foundation of meter：
1) new array can be obtained through undue bitmap method, obtains the confidence between m element of each new array
Distance measure dij(i, j=1,2 ..., n), constitute confidence matrix D,
Wherein
pi(x|xi) it is to take x in i-th of sample valueiUnder conditions of probability density, σiIt is the variance of i-th of sample value；
OrderObtained by mathematical derivation,Wherein, Φ (b) is the probability of standardized normal distribution, b
Represent the variable t upper limit；
2) it is by r to obtain relational matrix R, RijComposition,
Wherein,
Wherein, rijIt is the coefficient correlation of i-th of sample and j-th of sample, βijIt is confidence distance measure dijThreshold；
3) by relational matrix R, the optimal fused data set that each array participates in information fusion is obtained；
4) it is designated as p (x) as each characteristic function according to pdf (probability density) curves of new array each element；
5) decision function d (x are obtained1,x2,...,xn), wherein x1,x2,...,xnIt is the sample value from overall X；
6) risk function R (u | d)=E { L (u, d (x are obtained by decision function1,x2,...,xn)), wherein u is parameter, i.e.,
Required fusion results, L (u, d (x1,x2,...,xn)) be loss function quadratic expression；
7) risk function is averaging, obtains decision function d (x1,x2,...,xn) Bayes risk B, wherein,
H (u) is parameter u prior distribution density；
If 8) there is d*(x1,x2,...,xn) cause B (d*)=min { B (d) }, d ∈ Φ, then claim d*For parameter u Bayes
Estimator, also referred to as optimal estimation；
9) loss function takes quadratic expression L (u, d)=[u-d (x1,x2,...,xn)]2, then u Bayes estimator be
Want to obtain estimator, if obtain p (u | (x1,x2,...,xn))；Wherein,
OrderWherein, α be regularization because
Son,
Then
Wherein σkIt is the standard deviation of k-th of sample, σ0It is all samples
Overall standard deviation, u0It is sample average；Because the data waveform that we gather not is the normal distribution of standard, characteristic function
P (x) is difficult directly to obtain, so we derive required optimal estimation using following steps；
10) assume p (u | (x1,x2,...,xn)) Normal DistributionWherein uNIt is the average of normal distribution,It is the variance of normal distribution；So,The two formula ratio more than
Compared with obtaining
11) derived more than, the Bayesian Estimation for obtaining parameter u isI.e.
The optimum fusion result that namely ultrasonic phase array array element is obtained；
Characterized in that, also including：
(4) foundation of shape process is divided
1) the optimum fusion result of Bayesian Information blending algorithm is obtained, M point is had, M optimum fusion point is drawn
Oscillogram；
2) choose scale grid length δ (can only round numbers, and not less than 1), abscissa is divided intoIndividual grid；
3) abscissa i-th it is interval in, waveform peak subtracts waveform minimum, then divided by δ, that is to say, that make this
The box number that waveform intersects with grid in interval, if remainder is not equal to zero, box number adds 1；
4) all interval box numbers are added, obtain box sum N (δ)；
5) take different δ, repeat above-mentioned 2) to 4), obtaining corresponding box sum N (δ)；
6) N (δ) and δ double logarithmic curve are drawn；
7) one section that curve linear is on speaking terms is taken out, one-variable linear regression is made of least square method and fits the oblique of straight line
Rate, is used as the estimate D of box counting dimensionim；
8) according to the estimate D of box counting dimensionim, judge that composite has zero defect and defect type.
The advantage of the invention is that：
1) a point bitmap method joint Bayesian Estimation is used together, it is possible to reduce the interference of divorced value, there is very strong anti-dry
Immunity；
2) exclude some it is useless or with interfering signal after, reduce participate in calculate amount, improve calculate speed
Degree；
3) fractal algorithm is used for the Non-Destructive Testing of ultrasonic phase array, calculates simple, tested pair of the method can be used
As scope is wide；
4) when this is invented for detected object, can very clearly unknown defect position and type.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：Realize the flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2：Realize the flow chart that Bayesian Information fusion of the present invention is calculated；
Fig. 3：Realize the flow chart of fractal algorithm of the present invention；
Fig. 4：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 1# array elements of embodiment 1 are individually launched；
Fig. 5：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 2# array elements of embodiment 1 are individually launched；
Fig. 6：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 3# array elements of embodiment 1 are individually launched；
Fig. 7：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 4# array elements of embodiment 1 are individually launched；
Fig. 8：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 5# array elements of embodiment 1 are individually launched；
Fig. 9：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 6# array elements of embodiment 1 are individually launched；
Figure 10：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 7# array elements of embodiment 1 are individually launched；
Figure 11：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 8# array elements of embodiment 1 are individually launched；
Figure 12：The oscillogram that the present invention of embodiment 1 is realized by Bayesian Information blending algorithm；
Figure 13：N (δ) and δ double logarithmic curves that the present invention of embodiment 1 is realized by fractal algorithm；
Figure 14：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 1# array elements of embodiment 2 are individually launched；
Figure 15：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 2# array elements of embodiment 2 are individually launched；
Figure 16：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 3# array elements of embodiment 2 are individually launched；
Figure 17：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 4# array elements of embodiment 2 are individually launched；
Figure 18：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 5# array elements of embodiment 2 are individually launched；
Figure 19：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 6# array elements of embodiment 2 are individually launched；
Figure 20：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 7# array elements of embodiment 2 are individually launched；
Figure 21：The oscillogram that the ultrasonic phase array 8# array elements of embodiment 2 are individually launched；
Figure 22：The oscillogram that the present invention of embodiment 2 is realized by Bayesian Information blending algorithm；
Figure 23：N (δ) and δ double logarithmic curves that the present invention of embodiment 2 is realized by fractal algorithm.
Embodiment
For a clearer understanding of the present invention, the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples：
Embodiment 1：
As shown in figure 1 to figure 13：The measurand of embodiment 1 is that do not have defective stainless steel fast, each battle array of ultrasonic phase array
The oscillogram that first 1#-8# individually launches such as Fig. 4-Figure 11, it is seen that eight figures are not fully identical, i.e., each array element collection
Signal characteristic has difference, in order to comprehensively utilize the useful information feature that each signal is provided, error message feature of forgoing, using pattra leaves
This information fusion algorithm.The specific algorithm of embodiment 1 goes out Fig. 1-Fig. 2 flow chart.
The step of embodiment 1, is as follows：
(1) 1# -8# array elements are individually launched obtained text data to imported into MATALB, constitutes 8 1088 dimensions 1 and arrange
Array A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8；
(2) the effective integration element of 8 arrays, composition matrix X are obtained respectively by point bitmap method；
(3) foundation of Bayesian Estimation
The valid data that each row of matrix X are obtained are merged using Bayesian Estimation, and each row finally all obtain one
Individual optimal estimation, the array u of each row of 1 dimension of row optimal estimation composition 1088, is emulated using MATLAB, obtains Figure 12.
(4) foundation of fractal algorithm
It is 1 to choose scale grid length, takes preceding 300 points of optimal estimation result to emulate, abscissa is divided into 1087
Individual grid, is asked in each interval of abscissaEven if waveform and grid phase in the interval
The box number of friendship, if remainder is not 0, box number adds 1；All interval box numbers are added and obtain total box number N (δ)；
Different Gridding lengths are taken, are repeated the above steps, corresponding N (δ) is obtained；The double-log for finally making N (δ) and Gridding length is bent
Line, Figure 13.
Individually launch obtained echo information feature difference, eight array elements due to each array element of ultrasonic phase array simultaneously to launch
When each echo information can interfere, when phase is different signal intensity can weaken and measurand multiple types and defect
Non- intellectual, so in order to comprehensively utilize the useful information of each signal, avoiding interference effect between echo information and clearly examining
Position and the type of the unknown defect of each measurand are measured, the present invention is used on the basis of ultrasonic phase array information fusion,
Additionally use fractal algorithm.As seen from Figure 12, by the oscillogram obtained after information fusion algorithm, signal characteristic is brighter
It is aobvious, make full use of the useful information of each signal.It is about 1.0 that can calculate box counting dimension using least square method by Figure 13, small
In 1.20, so without defect, as known results, demonstrating the correctness of the present invention.
Embodiment 2：
As shown in Figure 14 to Figure 23：Embodiment:2 measurand is the composite for having non-soldering defect, ultrasound phase-control
Oscillogram such as Figure 14-21 that each array element 1#-8# of battle array individually launches.
The step of embodiment 2 is as follows：
(1) 1# -8# array elements are individually launched obtained text data to imported into MATALB, constitutes what 8 704 dimensions 1 were arranged
Array A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8；
(2) the effective integration element of 8 arrays, composition matrix Y are obtained respectively by point bitmap method；
(3) foundation of Bayesian Estimation
The valid data that each row of matrix X are obtained are merged using Bayesian Estimation, and each row finally all obtain one
Individual optimal estimation estimation, the array x of the row of 1 dimension of each row optimal estimation estimation composition 704, is emulated using MATLAB, obtains figure
22。
(4) foundation of fractal algorithm
It is 1 to choose scale grid length, chooses preceding 300 points and emulates.Abscissa is divided into 299 grids, is sat horizontal
Target is asked in each intervalEven if waveform and the intersecting box number of grid in the interval, if
Remainder is not 0, then box number adds 1；All interval box numbers are added and obtain total box number N (δ)；Take different grids long
Degree, repeats the above steps, obtains corresponding N (δ)；Finally make the double logarithmic curve of N (δ) and Gridding length, Figure 23.Line taking
Linear relationship is good between several sections of curves being on speaking terms, the 1st to the 8th point, and it is 1.05 to calculate slope absolute value, less than 1.15-
Between 1.25, so in the absence of defect；Linear relationship is not present between 8th o'clock to the 38th point；38th o'clock to the 46th
Point, linear relationship is good, and it is about 2.1 to calculate slope absolute value, more than between 1.40-1.50, existing defects, and is that non-soldering lacks
Fall into；Linear relationship is not present in point within 46th o'clock to the 160th；160th o'clock to 300 there is linear relationship in point, calculate tiltedly
Rate absolute value is about 1.10, less than between 1.15-1.25, so in the absence of defect.
It is non-soldering that embodiment 2, which not only have found defect type, also finds the position of defect in the 38th point and the 46th
Between point.Embodiment 2 proves the correctness of the present invention.
According to the above description, the solution of the present invention can be realized with reference to art technology.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of ultrasonic phase array lossless detection method based on point shape, comprises the following steps：
(1) ultrasound phased array devices are used, each array element that design device parameter is popped one's head in by ultrasonic phase array is individually sent out successively
Penetrate, when No. 1 array element is individually launched, No. 2 array elements gather echo-signal；When No. 2 array elements are individually launched, No. 3 array element collection echo letters
Number, by that analogy, all signals collected are finally constituted into an array, multiple arrays are obtained；
(2) a point bitmap method is used to obtained array, obtains participating in the minimum fused data of information fusion, composition is optimal to be merged
New array；
(3) most preferably merged and last information fusion is carried out after new array, so that optimal result is obtained, Bayesian Estimation
Set up：
1) new array can be obtained through undue bitmap method, obtains the Confidence distance between m element of each new array
Estimate dij(i, j=1,2 ..., n), constitute confidence matrix D,
Wherein：Variable " x " refers to probability density function p (x) independent variable, and span is (xi,xj)；
Variable " xi" refer to i-th of sample value that new array is obtained through undue bitmap method；
pi(x|xi) it is to take x in i-th of sample valueiUnder conditions of probability density, σiIt is the variance of i-th of sample value；
OrderObtained by mathematical derivation,Wherein, Φ (b) is the probability of standardized normal distribution, and b is represented
The variable t upper limit；
2) it is by r to obtain relational matrix R, RijComposition,
Wherein,
Wherein, rijIt is the coefficient correlation of i-th of sample and j-th of sample, βijIt is confidence distance measure dijThreshold；
3) by relational matrix R, the optimal fused data set that each array participates in information fusion is obtained；
4) it is designated as p (x) as each characteristic function according to pdf (probability density) curves of new array each element；
5) decision function d (x are obtained1,x2,...,xn), wherein x1,x2,...,xnIt is the sample value from overall X；
6) risk function R (ud)=E { L (u, d (x are obtained by decision function1,x2,...,xn)), wherein u is parameter, that is, is wanted
The fusion results asked, L (u, d (x1,x2,...,xn)) be loss function quadratic expression；
7) risk function is averaging, obtains decision function d (x1,x2,...,xn) Bayes risk B, wherein,
H (u) is parameter u prior distribution density；
If 8) there is d*(x1,x2,...,xn) cause B (d*)=min { B (d) }, d ∈ Φ, then claim d*For parameter u Bayesian Estimation
Amount, also referred to as optimal estimation；
9) loss function takes quadratic expression L (u, d)=[u-d (x1,x2,...,xn)]2, then u Bayes estimator be
Want to obtain estimator, if obtain p (u | (x1,x2,...,xn))；Wherein,
OrderWherein, α is regularization factors, then
Wherein variable " xk" refer to (x1,x2,…,xn) k-th of sample value, σ in sample spacekIt is the standard deviation of k-th of sample, σ0
It is the overall standard deviation of all samples, u0It is sample average；Because the data waveform that we gather not is the normal state point of standard
Cloth, characteristic function p (x) is difficult directly to obtain, so we derive required optimal estimation using following steps；
10) assume p (u | (x1,x2,...,xn)) Normal DistributionWherein uNIt is the average of normal distribution,
It is the variance of normal distribution, so,Two formulas compare more than,
：
Wherein variable " xk" refer to (x1,x2,…,xn) k-th of sample value in sample space；
11) derived more than, the Bayesian Estimation for obtaining parameter u isI.e.
It is exactly the optimum fusion result that ultrasonic phase array array element is obtained；
Characterized in that, also including：
(4) foundation of shape process is divided
1) the optimum fusion result of Bayesian Information blending algorithm is obtained, M point is had, draws the waveform of M optimum fusion point
Figure；
2) choose scale grid length δ (can only round numbers, and not less than 1), abscissa is divided intoIndividual grid；
3) abscissa i-th it is interval in, waveform peak subtracts waveform minimum, then divided by δ, that is to say, that make the interval
The box number that interior waveform intersects with grid, if remainder is not equal to zero, box number adds 1；
4) all interval box numbers are added, obtain box sum N (δ)；
5) take different δ, repeat above-mentioned 2) to 4), obtaining corresponding box sum N (δ)；
6) N (δ) and δ double logarithmic curve are drawn；
7) one section that curve linear is on speaking terms is taken out, the slope that one-variable linear regression fits straight line is made of least square method, made
For the estimate D of box counting dimensionim；
8) according to the estimate D of box counting dimensionim, judge that composite has zero defect and defect type.
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