CN104535254A - Building outer surface wind pressure measurement method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a building outer surface wind pressure measurement method. The method includes the steps that a rigid model is manufactured and pressure measurement points are set; a wind tunnel test is conducted on the rigid model in a single round, so that a point wind pressure coefficient independent peak value reserving sequence and a face average wind pressure coefficient independent peak value reserving sequence are acquired; maximum likelihood estimation is conducted on point scale parameters and point position parameters of the point wind pressure coefficient independent peak value reserving sequence and face scale parameters and face position parameters of the face average wind pressure coefficient independent peak value reserving sequence, so that the maximum design value and the minimum design value of point wind pressure coefficients and the maximum design value and the minimum design value of face average wind pressure coefficients are determined, wherein the point scale parameters, the point position parameters, the face scale parameters and the face position parameters submit to extreme value distribution; the most disadvantageous maximum design value and the most disadvantageous minimum design value of the point wind pressure coefficients and the most disadvantageous maximum design value and the most disadvantageous minimum design value of the face average wind pressure coefficients are determined; the wind pressure of the outer surface of a building is determined. The method has the advantages of being low in cost, high in safety and capable of being widely applied to the field of buildings.

Description

A kind of external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method

Technical field

The present invention relates to measuring technique, particularly relate to a kind of external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method.

Background technology

In actual production, life, the security performance of all kinds of buildings is related to the security of the lives and property of people, and therefore the security performance of buildings is the focal issue that people are concerned about always.As the Main Load that the blast affecting one of building safety performance is buildings exterior-protected structure and web member thereof, here, buildings exterior-protected structure comprises door and window, building curtain wall, roof boarding, shingle nail, purlin, wall beam etc.At present, determine that the most effective approach of buildings exterior-protected structure outside surface blast is wind tunnel model test, it is according to similarity principle, in boundary layer wind tunnel, rigid model manometric test is carried out to building structure, obtain buildings exterior-protected structure extreme value coefficient of wind pres least favorable value according to the coefficient of wind pres time-histories of model outside surface measuring point, and then obtain the design wind pressure of least favorable extreme value blast as buildings exterior-protected structure outside surface.The key of said method is to obtain buildings exterior-protected structure outside surface extreme value coefficient of wind pres, and its acquisition methods has the method based on multistage coefficient of wind pres time-histories and the method based on single hop coefficient of wind pres time-histories usually.Based on the method for multistage coefficient of wind pres time-histories in implementation process, need that under each test wind angle, repetition is carried out to BUILDINGS MODELS and take turns test more, usually be no less than 10 ~ 16 rounds, there is the problems such as memory data output is comparatively large, the processing time is longer, resource consumption is larger; Based on the method for single hop coefficient of wind pres time-histories in implementation process, only carry out taking turns test under each test wind angle to building model, reduce the time and storage expends, but the uncertainty of extreme value coefficient of wind pres cannot be considered, blast design load on the low side may be provided, thus jeopardize the safety of buildings.

As can be seen here, in the prior art, still do not have a kind of cost low and the external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method that security is high.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cost low and the external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method that security is high.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is:

A kind of external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method, comprises the steps:

Step 1, according to buildings rigid model wind tunnel pressure measuring principle, determine the geometry scaling factor of test, test reference point, the test wind, test wind angle, sampling time, make the rigid model of buildings to be measured and peripheral structure thereof, pressure tap arranged by buildings rigid model to be measured.

Step 2, under each wind angle, the test of single-wheel time wind tunnel pressure measuring is carried out to rigid model, the average coefficient of wind pres time-histories of acquisition point coefficient of wind pres time-histories and face; Block length acquisition point coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue by point, block length by face and obtain face average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue.

Step 3, to a coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution point scale parameter and some location parameter, face average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue obey the face scale parameter of the extreme value distribution and face location parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, to put the design maximum value of coefficient of wind pres and minimal design value, the design maximum value of the average coefficient of wind pres in face and minimal design value under determining each wind angle.

Step 4, determine least favorable design maximum value under all wind angles of the least favorable design maximum value of a coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles and least favorable minimal design value, the average coefficient of wind pres in face and least favorable minimal design value.

Step 5, the some maximum wind pressure determining external surface of buildings and point minimum blast, the average minimum blast of the average maximum wind pressure in face and face.

In sum, external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method of the present invention only carries out taking turns test under each test wind angle, reduces the time and storage expends; Simultaneously, in the inventive method, each test wind angle is arranged with some one-sided measuring points or some bilateral measuring points, like this, the inventive method coefficient of wind pres time-histories that can obtain one-sided point and bilateral point and the average coefficient of wind pres time-histories in face that is made up of one-sided point or bilateral point; According to the Maximum-likelihood estimation of the point scale parameter in the some coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue obtained and the face scale parameter in the some Maximum-likelihood estimation of location parameter, face average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue and face location parameter, obtain face average coefficient of wind pres design maximum value, the minimal design value under some coefficient of wind pres design maximum value, minimal design value and each wind angle under each wind angle; Further, the least favorable design maximum value of a coefficient of wind pres and the least favorable design maximum value of the average coefficient of wind pres of least favorable minimal design value and face and least favorable minimal design value is determined; Thus, determine the blast of external surface of buildings; Therefore the inventive method has taken into full account the uncertainty of extreme value coefficient of wind pres, the safe margin measuring the external surface of buildings blast of gained is higher.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method of the present invention.

Embodiment

For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method of the present invention, comprises the steps:

Step 1, according to buildings rigid model wind tunnel pressure measuring principle, determine the geometry scaling factor of test, test reference point, the test wind, test wind angle, sampling time, make the rigid model of buildings prototype to be measured and peripheral structure thereof, pressure tap arranged by buildings rigid model to be measured.

Here, rigid model is similar to buildings prototype profile; Geometry scaling factor λ _l=L _m/ L _p; Wherein, L _mrepresent rigid model characteristic dimension, L _prepresent architecture archetype characteristic dimension.The height of the reference point distance wind tunnel floor of wind tunnel pressure measuring test is H _rm, and H _rmthe average test wind speed at place is height off the ground corresponding with test reference point in buildings prototype is H _rp, H _rpthe design wind speed at place is and H _rp=H _rm/ λ _l, the wind speed scaling factor of rigid model and buildings prototype under each wind angle of buildings prototype, the sampling time of single round test is T _p, and 600s≤T _p≤ 3600s; The time scaling factor λ of rigid model and buildings prototype _t=λ _l/ λ _v; The sampling time T of single round test under each wind angle of rigid model _m=T _pλ _t.。

Step 2, under each wind angle, the test of single-wheel time wind tunnel pressure measuring is carried out to rigid model, the average coefficient of wind pres time-histories of acquisition point coefficient of wind pres time-histories and face; Block length acquisition point coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue by point, block length by face and obtain face average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue.

Step 3, to a coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution point scale parameter and some location parameter, face average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue obey the face scale parameter of the extreme value distribution and face location parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, to put the design maximum value of coefficient of wind pres and minimal design value, the design maximum value of the average coefficient of wind pres in face and minimal design value under determining each wind angle.

Step 4, determine least favorable design maximum value under all wind angles of the least favorable design maximum value of a coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles and least favorable minimal design value, the average coefficient of wind pres in face and least favorable minimal design value.

Step 5, the some maximum wind pressure determining external surface of buildings and point minimum blast, the average minimum blast of the average maximum wind pressure in face and face.

In the inventive method, described pressure tap comprises one-sided point, bilateral point; Described some coefficient of wind pres time-histories comprises one-sided the positive time-histories C of coefficient of wind pres _dlit (), one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bear time-histories-C _dlithe positive time-histories C of (t), bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _dljt (), bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bears time-histories-C _dljt (), described average coefficient of wind pres time-histories comprises the positive time-histories C of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face _dAa(t), single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories-C _dAathe positive time-histories C of the average coefficient of wind pres of (t), two sided _dAb(t), two sided average blast coefficient minus time-histories-C _dAb(t); Described point blocks length and comprises one-sided point and just block length one-sided point is negative blocks length bilateral point just blocks length bilateral point is negative blocks length described face is blocked length and is comprised single side face and just block length single side face is negative blocks length two sided just blocks length two sided is negative blocks length described some coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue comprises one-sided the positive independent peak reservation queue of coefficient of wind pres one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bears independent peak reservation queue the positive independent peak reservation queue of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bears independent peak reservation queue described average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue comprises the positive independent peak reservation queue of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face single side face average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue the positive independent peak reservation queue of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided two sided average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue wherein, P just represents, N represents negative, and d represents wind angle ordinal number, and i represents one-sided pressure tap, and j represents bilateral pressure tap pair, and a represents one-sided surface area, and b represents bilateral surface area, and l represents a blast, A presentation surface blast; D, i, j, a, b, be natural number.

In practical application, arrange one-sided measuring point in rigid model agent structure closed region; Rigid model canopy, cornice, indivedual component that opens wide such as parapet arranges bilateral measuring point, that is, bilateral measuring point is corresponding upper measuring point and lower measuring point or corresponding front measuring point and rear measuring point.

In the inventive method, in step 2, described acquisition point coefficient of wind pres time-histories comprises: obtain one-sided the positive time-histories C of coefficient of wind pres _dli(t), the positive time-histories C of acquisition bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _dlj(t), as follows respectively:

Obtain one-sided the positive time-histories of coefficient of wind pres of rigid model outside surface d wind angle i-th one-sided pressure tap wherein, t represents the moment, p _dit () represents the blast time-histories that rigid model outside surface d wind angle i-th one-sided pressure tap records, represent the stagnation pressure time-histories mean value that d wind angle test reference point place records, represent the static pressure time-histories mean value that d wind angle test reference point place records.

Obtain rigid model outside surface d wind angle jth to the positive time-histories of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres of bilateral pressure tap wherein, p _{dj, s1}(t), p _{dj, s2}t () represents the blast time-histories that rigid model outside surface d wind angle jth records pressure tap place in side in two pressure tap and the blast time-histories that opposite side pressure tap place records respectively; And p _{dj, s1}(t), p _{dj, s2}t () is for synchronously to record.

Described acquisition face average coefficient of wind pres time-histories comprises: obtain the positive time-histories C of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face _dAa(t), the positive time-histories C of the acquisition average coefficient of wind pres of two sided _dAb(t), as follows respectively:

Obtain the positive time-histories of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face of rigid model outside surface d wind angle single side face a wherein, n represents one-sided pressure tap sum in rigid model outside surface single side face a surface area; represent the weight that in single side face a surface area, g one-sided pressure tap is corresponding, A _grepresent g one-sided pressure tap subordinate area; C _dlgt () represents one-sided the positive time-histories of coefficient of wind pres of g one-sided pressure tap in single side face a surface area; G, n are natural number.

Obtain the positive time-histories of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided of rigid model outside surface d wind angle two sided b wherein, m represents the total logarithm of bilateral pressure tap in rigid model outside surface two sided b surface area; represent the weight that in two sided b surface area, f is corresponding to bilateral pressure tap, A _frepresent that f is to bilateral pressure tap subordinate area; C _dlft () represents that in two sided b surface area, f is to the positive time-histories of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres of bilateral pressure tap; F, m are natural number.

In step 2, describedly block length acquisition point coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue by point, comprising:

Just length is blocked according to one-sided point one-sided point is negative blocks length obtain coefficient of wind pres positive independent peak reservation queue, one-sided some coefficient of wind pres respectively at one-sided and bear independent peak reservation queue, concrete steps are as follows:

Step 211, according to descending order, to described one-sided the positive time-histories C of coefficient of wind pres _dlit () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain one-sided the former sequence of the positive independent peak of coefficient of wind pres time-histories-C is born to described one-sided some coefficient of wind pres _dlit () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain one-sided some coefficient of wind pres and bear the former sequence of independent peak w1, v1 are natural number.

Here, described one-sided the positive time-histories C of coefficient of wind pres _dlit () passes through its average independent peak acquisition methods be specially: in same figure, draw C _dlithe curve of (t) and expression straight line, C _dli(t) curve higher than the part of straight line will be formed as some isolated blocks, there is at least one and be less than between any two adjacent isolated blocks time-histories value; From each isolated block, select a maximum time-histories value as C _dlit () passes through its average an independent peak.Described one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bears time-histories-C _dlit () passes through its average independent peak acquisition methods and described one-sided the positive time-histories C of coefficient of wind pres _dlit () passes through its average independent peak acquisition methods roughly the same.

Step 212, just block length by one-sided point one-sided point is negative blocks length corresponding intercepting one-sided the former sequence of the positive independent peak of coefficient of wind pres, one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bear the former sequence of independent peak, obtain one-sided some positive wine pressure coefficient independent peak reservation queue independent peak reservation queue is born with one-sided some coefficient of wind pres

Just length is blocked by bilateral point bilateral point is negative blocks length the positive independent peak reservation queue of acquisition bilateral point coefficient of wind pres, bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bear independent peak reservation queue respectively, and concrete steps are as follows:

Step 221, according to descending order, to the positive time-histories C of described bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _dljt () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain the former sequence of the positive independent peak of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres time-histories-C is born to described bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _dljt () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain bilateral point coefficient of wind pres and bear the former sequence of independent peak w2, v2 are natural number.

Step 222, just block length by bilateral point bilateral point is negative blocks length time should intercept the former sequence of the positive independent peak of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres, bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bears the former sequence of independent peak, obtains the positive independent peak reservation queue of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue is born with bilateral point coefficient of wind pres

In step 2, describedly block length by face and obtain face average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue and comprise:

Just length is blocked by single side face single side face is negative blocks length obtain the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face positive independent peak reservation queue, single side face average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue respectively, step is as follows:

Step 231, according to descending order, to the positive time-histories C of the average coefficient of wind pres of described single side face _dAat () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain the former sequence of the positive independent peak of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face to described single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories-C _dAat () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain the former sequence of single side face average blast coefficient minus independent peak w3, v3 are natural number.

Step 232, just block length by single side face single side face is negative blocks length the former sequence of the corresponding intercepting positive independent peak of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face, the former sequence of single side face average blast coefficient minus independent peak, obtain the positive independent peak reservation queue of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face with single side face average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue

Just length is blocked by two sided two sided is negative blocks length obtain the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided positive independent peak reservation queue, two sided average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue respectively, concrete steps are as follows:

Step 241, according to descending order, to the positive time-histories C of the average coefficient of wind pres of described two sided _dAbt () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain the former sequence of the positive independent peak of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided to described two sided average blast coefficient minus time-histories-C _dAbt () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain the former sequence of two sided average blast coefficient minus independent peak w4, v4 are natural number.

Step 242, just block length by two sided two sided is negative blocks length the former sequence of the corresponding intercepting positive independent peak of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided, the former sequence of two sided average blast coefficient minus independent peak, obtain the positive independent peak reservation queue of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided with two sided average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue

In the present invention, the positive time-histories C of described bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _dljt () passes through its average independent peak acquisition methods, the positive time-histories C of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face _dAat () passes through its average independent peak acquisition methods, the positive time-histories C of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided _dAbt () passes through its average independent peak acquisition methods, all with described one-sided the positive time-histories C of coefficient of wind pres _dlit () passes through its average independent peak acquisition methods roughly the same.In like manner, described bilateral point coefficient of wind pres can be obtained and bear time-histories-C _dljt () passes through its average independent peak, described single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories-C _dAat () passes through its average independent peak, described two sided average blast coefficient minus time-histories-C _dAbt () passes through its average independent peak.

In step 3, described to a coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution point scale parameter carry out Maximum-likelihood estimation with some location parameter, comprising:

To one-sided some coefficient of wind pres positive independent peak reservation queue obey the positive scale parameter of one-sided point of the extreme value distribution and one-sided some positive position parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively: to one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bear independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution one-sided point bear scale parameter and one-sided point and bear location parameter and carry out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively: ${\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndli}}=\frac{1}{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}}\underset{r=1}{\overset{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{X}_{\mathrm{Ndlir}}-X_{\mathrm{Ndli}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}},{\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndli}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndli}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}\right)+X_{\mathrm{Ndli}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}}.$ To bilateral point coefficient of wind pres positive independent peak reservation queue obey the positive scale parameter of bilateral point of the extreme value distribution and bilateral point positive position parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively: ${\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}=\frac{1}{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pj}}}\underset{m=1}{\overset{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pj}}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{X}_{\mathrm{Pdljm}}-X_{\mathrm{Pdlj}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pj}}},{\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pj}}\right)+X_{\mathrm{Pdlj}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pj}}}.$ To bilateral point blast system bear independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution bilateral point bear scale parameter and bilateral point and bear location parameter and carry out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively: ${\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Nj}}\right)+X_{\mathrm{Ndlj}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Nj}}};$ Wherein, k, r, m, s are natural number, and $1\≤k\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pi}},1\≤r\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}},$ $1\≤m\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pj}},1\≤s\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Nj}}.$

In step 3, described opposite average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue obey the face scale parameter of the extreme value distribution and face location parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, comprising:

To the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face positive independent peak reservation queue obey the positive scale parameter of single side face of the extreme value distribution and single side face positive position parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively: ${\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAa}}=\frac{1}{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pa}}}\underset{n=1}{\overset{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pa}}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{X}_{\mathrm{PdAan}}-X_{\mathrm{PdAa}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pa}}},{\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAa}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAa}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pa}}\right)+X_{\mathrm{PdAa}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pa}}}.$ To single side face average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution single side face bear scale parameter and single side face and bear location parameter and carry out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively: ${\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAa}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAa}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Na}}\right)+X_{\mathrm{NdAa}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Na}}}.$ To the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided positive independent peak reservation queue obey the positive scale parameter of two sided of the extreme value distribution and two sided positive position parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively: ${\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAb}}=\frac{1}{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{P_b}}\underset{c=1}{\overset{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{P_b}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{X}_{\mathrm{PdAbc}}-X_{\mathrm{PdAb}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{P_b}},{\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAb}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAb}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{P_b}\right)+X_{\mathrm{PdAb}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{P_b}}.$ To two sided average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution two sided bear scale parameter and two sided and bear location parameter and carry out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively: ${\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAb}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAb}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{N_b}\right)+X_{\mathrm{NdAb}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{N_b}};$ Wherein, n, q, c, e are natural number, and $1\≤n\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pa}},$ $1\≤q\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Na}},1\≤c\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{P_b},1\≤e\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{N_b}.$

In step 3, described determine each wind angle under put the design maximum value of coefficient of wind pres, comprising:

Under determining each wind angle, the design maximum value of one-sided some coefficient of wind pres, comprises the steps:

Step 3X11, according to d lower i-th the one-sided some coefficient of wind pres positive time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability of wind angle obtain the p of d lower i-th the positive time-histories extreme value of one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle _pdlifractile wherein, T _pthe sampling time of single round test under representing each wind angle of buildings prototype, and 600s≤T _p≤ 3600s.

Step 3X12, obtain d lower i-th the positive time-histories extreme value p of one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle _pdlithe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile $Z_{\mathrm{uPdli}}=Z_{p_{\mathrm{Pdli}}}+Z_{p_{\mathrm{Pdli}},(1-\mathrm{\α})}\·{\mathrm{SE}}_{Z_{p_{\mathrm{Pdli}}}};$ Wherein, for the 1-α fractile of one-sided the positive time-histories of coefficient of wind pres under standardized normal distribution, α is the level of signifiance, and 0≤α≤1; for one-sided the positive time-histories extreme value p of coefficient of wind pres _pdlithe standard error of fractile.

Step 3X13, obtain the design maximum value of d lower i-th the one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle

Step 3X14, obtain the design maximum value of lower i-th the one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of each wind angle wherein, M is wind angle sum.

Determine the design maximum value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres under each wind angle, comprise the steps:

Step 3Y11, according to jth under d wind angle to bilateral point coefficient of wind pres positive time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability under obtaining d wind angle, jth is to the positive time-histories extreme value p of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _pdljfractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}\ln [-\ln \left(p_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}\right)].$

Step 3Y12, obtain d wind angle under jth to the positive time-histories extreme value p of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _pdljthe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile $Z_{\mathrm{uPdlj}}=Z_{p_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}}+Z_{p_{\mathrm{Pdlj}},(1-\mathrm{\α})}\·{\mathrm{SE}}_{Z_{p_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}}};$ Wherein, for the 1-α fractile of the positive time-histories of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres under standardized normal distribution; for the positive time-histories extreme value p of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _pdljthe standard error of fractile.

Step 3Y13, under obtaining d wind angle, jth is to the design maximum value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres

Step 3Y14, obtain each wind angle under jth to bilateral point coefficient of wind pres design maximum value

In step 3, described determine each wind angle under put the minimal design value of coefficient of wind pres, comprising:

Under determining each wind angle, the minimal design value of one-sided some coefficient of wind pres, comprises the steps:

Step 3X21, bear time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability according to d lower i-th one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle obtain d lower i-th one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle and bear time-histories extreme value p _ndlifractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{Ndli}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndli}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndli}}\ln [-\ln \left(p_{\mathrm{Ndli}}\right)].$

Step 3X22, obtain d lower i-th one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle and bear time-histories extreme value p _ndlithe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile $Z_{\mathrm{uNdli}}=Z_{p_{\mathrm{Ndli}}}+Z_{p_{\mathrm{Ndli}},(1-\mathrm{\α})}\·{\mathrm{SE}}_{Z_{p_{\mathrm{Ndli}}}};$ Wherein, for one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bears the 1-α fractile of time-histories under standardized normal distribution; for one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bears time-histories extreme value p _ndlithe standard error of fractile.

Step 3X23, obtain the minimal design value of d lower i-th the one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle

Step 3X24, obtain the minimal design value of lower i-th the one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of each wind angle

Determine the minimal design value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres under each wind angle, comprise the steps:

Step 3Y21, according to jth under d wind angle, time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability is born to bilateral point coefficient of wind pres under obtaining d wind angle, jth bears time-histories extreme value p to bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _ndljfractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}\ln [-\ln \left(p_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}\right)].$

Step 3Y22, obtain d wind angle under jth time-histories extreme value p is born to bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _ndljthe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile $Z_{\mathrm{uNdlj}}=Z_{p_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}}+Z_{p_{\mathrm{Ndlj}},(1-\mathrm{\α})}\·{\mathrm{SE}}_{Z_{p_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}}};$ Wherein, for bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bears the 1-α fractile of time-histories under standardized normal distribution; for bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bears time-histories extreme value p _ndljthe standard error of fractile.

Step 3Y23, obtain jth under d wind angle to the minimal design value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres

Step 3Y24, obtain jth under each wind angle to the minimal design value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres

In step 3, the design maximum value of the described average coefficient of wind pres in face determined under each wind angle, comprising:

Determine the design maximum value of single side face average wind pressure coefficient under each wind angle, comprise the steps:

Step 3E11, according to a the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face positive time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability under d wind angle obtain the p of a the positive time-histories extreme value of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under d wind angle _pdAafractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{PdAa}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAa}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAa}}\ln [-\ln \left(p_{\mathrm{PdAa}}\right)].$

Step 3E12, obtain the p of a the positive time-histories extreme value of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under d wind angle _pdAathe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile $Z_{\mathrm{uPdAa}}=Z_{p_{\mathrm{PdAa}}}+Z_{p_{\mathrm{PdAa}},(1-\mathrm{\α})}\·{\mathrm{SE}}_{Z_{p_{\mathrm{PdAa}}}};$ Wherein, be the 1-α fractile of a the positive time-histories of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under standardized normal distribution; be a the positive time-histories extreme value p of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face _pdAathe standard error of fractile.

Step 3E13, obtains the design maximum value of a the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under d wind angle

Step 3E14, obtain the design maximum value of a the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under each wind angle

Determine the design maximum value of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under each wind angle, comprise the steps:

Step 3F11, according to b two sided coefficient of wind pres positive time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability under d wind angle obtain b the positive time-histories extreme value p of two sided coefficient of wind pres under d wind angle _pdAbfractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{PdAb}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAb}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAb}}\ln [-\ln \left(p_{\mathrm{PdAb}}\right)].$

Step 3F12, obtain b the positive time-histories extreme value p of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under d wind angle _pdAathe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile $Z_{\mathrm{uPdAb}}=Z_{p_{\mathrm{PdAb}}}+Z_{p_{\mathrm{PdAb}},(1-\mathrm{\α})}\·{\mathrm{SE}}_{Z_{p_{\mathrm{PdAb}}}};$ Wherein, be the 1-α fractile of b the positive time-histories of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under standardized normal distribution; be b the positive time-histories extreme value p of the average coefficient of wind pres of bilateral point _pdAathe standard error of fractile.

Step 3F13, obtain the design maximum value of b the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under d wind angle

Step 3F14, obtain the design maximum value of b the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under each wind angle

In step 3, the minimal design value of the described face coefficient of wind pres determined under each wind angle, comprising:

Determine the minimal design value of single side face average wind pressure coefficient under each wind angle, comprise the steps:

Step 3E21, according to a single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability under d wind angle under obtaining d wind angle, a single side face coefficient of wind pres bears time-histories extreme value p _ndAafractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{NdAa}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAa}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAa}}\ln [-\ln \left(p_{\mathrm{NdAa}}\right)].$

Step 3E22, obtain a single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories extreme value p under d wind angle _ndAathe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile $Z_{\mathrm{uNdAa}}=Z_{p_{\mathrm{NdAa}}}+Z_{p_{\mathrm{NdAa}},(1-\mathrm{\α})}\·{\mathrm{SE}}_{Z_{p_{\mathrm{NdAa}}}};$ Wherein, be the 1-α fractile of a single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories under standardized normal distribution; be a single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories extreme value p _ndAathe standard error of fractile.

Step 3E23, obtain the minimal design value of a the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under d wind angle

Step 3E24, obtain the minimal design value of a the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under each wind angle

Determine the minimal design value of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under each wind angle, step is as follows:

Step 3F21, bear time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability according to b two sided coefficient of wind pres under d wind angle under obtaining d wind angle, b two sided coefficient of wind pres extreme value bears time-histories p _ndAbfractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{NdAb}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAb}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAb}}\ln [-\ln \left(p_{\mathrm{NdAb}}\right)].$

Step 3F22, obtain b two sided average blast coefficient minus time-histories extreme value p under d wind angle _ndAbthe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile $Z_{\mathrm{uNdAb}}=Z_{p_{\mathrm{NdAb}}}+Z_{p_{\mathrm{NdAb}},(1-\mathrm{\α})}\·{\mathrm{SE}}_{Z_{p_{\mathrm{NdAb}}}};$ Wherein, be the 1-α fractile of b two sided average blast coefficient minus time-histories under standardized normal distribution; be b two sided average blast coefficient minus time-histories extreme value p _ndAbthe standard error of fractile.

Step 3F23, obtain the minimal design value of b the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under d wind angle

Step 3F24, obtain the minimal design value of b the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under each wind angle

In step 4, describedly determine that the least favorable design maximum value of a coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles comprises: obtain the least favorable design maximum value of i-th single example point coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles obtain jth to the least favorable design maximum value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles describedly determine that the least favorable minimal design value of a coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles comprises: obtain the least favorable minimal design value of i-th one-sided some coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles obtain jth to the least favorable minimal design value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles describedly determine that the least favorable design maximum value of face coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles comprises: obtain the least favorable design maximum value of a single side face coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles obtain the least favorable design maximum value of b the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under all wind angles describedly determine that the least favorable minimal design value of the average coefficient of wind pres in face under all wind angles comprises: obtain the least favorable minimal design value of a the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under all wind angles obtain the least favorable minimal design value of b the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under all wind angles

In step 5, describedly determine that the some maximum wind pressure of external surface of buildings comprises: determine that external surface of buildings i-th one-sided some maximum wind pressure is determine that external surface of buildings jth to bilateral point maximum wind pressure is the described minimum blast of point determining external surface of buildings, comprising: determine that the minimum blast of the one-sided point of external surface of buildings i-th is determine that external surface of buildings jth is to the minimum blast of bilateral point describedly determine that the average maximum wind pressure in the face of external surface of buildings comprises: determine that external surface of buildings a average maximum wind pressure of single side face is determine that external surface of buildings b average maximum wind pressure of two sided is describedly determine that the average minimum blast in the face of external surface of buildings comprises: determine that the average minimum blast of external surface of buildings a single side face is determine the average minimum blast of external surface of buildings b two sided wherein, w ₀represent the on-site fundamental wind pressure of prototype buildings, μ (H _rp) represent that prototype buildings is on-site apart from ground H _rpthe height variation coefficient of wind pressure at place.

In sum, these are only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. an external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method, is characterized in that, described measuring method comprises step:

Step 1, according to buildings rigid model wind tunnel pressure measuring principle, determine the geometry scaling factor of test, test reference point, the test wind, test wind angle, sampling time, make the rigid model of buildings to be measured and peripheral structure thereof, pressure tap arranged by buildings rigid model to be measured;

Step 2, under each wind angle, the test of single-wheel time wind tunnel pressure measuring is carried out to rigid model, the average coefficient of wind pres time-histories of acquisition point coefficient of wind pres time-histories and face; Block length acquisition point coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue by point, block length by face and obtain face average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue;

Step 3, to a coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution point scale parameter and some location parameter, face average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue obey the face scale parameter of the extreme value distribution and face location parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, to put the design maximum value of coefficient of wind pres and minimal design value, the design maximum value of the average coefficient of wind pres in face and minimal design value under determining each wind angle;

Step 4, determine least favorable design maximum value under all wind angles of the least favorable design maximum value of a coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles and least favorable minimal design value, the average coefficient of wind pres in face and least favorable minimal design value;

Step 5, the some maximum wind pressure determining external surface of buildings and point minimum blast, the average minimum blast of the average maximum wind pressure in face and face.

2. external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pressure tap comprises one-sided point, bilateral point; Described some coefficient of wind pres time-histories comprises one-sided the positive time-histories C of coefficient of wind pres _dlit (), one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bear time-histories-C _dlithe positive time-histories C of (t), bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _dljt (), bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bears time-histories-C _dljt (), described average coefficient of wind pres time-histories comprises the positive time-histories C of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face _dAa(t), single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories-C _dAathe positive time-histories C of the average coefficient of wind pres of (t), two sided _dAb(t), two sided average blast coefficient minus time-histories-C _dAb(t); Described point blocks length and comprises one-sided point and just block length one-sided point is negative blocks length bilateral point just blocks length bilateral point is negative blocks length described face is blocked length and is comprised single side face and just block length single side face is negative blocks length two sided just blocks length two sided is negative blocks length described some coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue comprises one-sided the positive independent peak reservation queue of coefficient of wind pres one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bears independent peak reservation queue the positive independent peak reservation queue of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bears independent peak reservation queue described average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue comprises the positive independent peak reservation queue of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face single side face average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue the positive independent peak reservation queue of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided two sided average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue wherein, P just represents, N represents negative, and d represents wind angle ordinal number, and i represents one-sided pressure tap, and j represents bilateral pressure tap pair, and a represents one-sided surface area, and b represents bilateral surface area, and l represents a blast, A presentation surface blast; D, i, j, a, b, be natural number.

3. external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in step 2, described acquisition point coefficient of wind pres time-histories comprises: obtain one-sided the positive time-histories C of coefficient of wind pres _dli(t), the positive time-histories C of acquisition bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _dlj(t), as follows respectively:

Obtain one-sided the positive time-histories of coefficient of wind pres of rigid model outside surface d wind angle i-th one-sided pressure tap wherein, t represents the moment, p _dit () represents the blast time-histories that rigid model outside surface d wind angle i-th one-sided pressure tap records, represent the stagnation pressure time-histories mean value that d wind angle test reference point place records, represent the static pressure time-histories mean value that d wind angle test reference point place records;

Obtain rigid model outside surface d wind angle jth to the positive time-histories of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres of bilateral pressure tap wherein, p _{dj, s1}(t), p _{dj, s2}t () represents the blast time-histories that rigid model outside surface d wind angle jth records pressure tap place in side in two pressure tap and the blast time-histories that opposite side pressure tap place records respectively, and p _{dj, s1}(t), p _{dj, s2}t () is for synchronously to record;

Described acquisition face average coefficient of wind pres time-histories comprises: obtain the positive time-histories C of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face _dAa(t), the positive time-histories C of the acquisition average coefficient of wind pres of two sided _dAb(t), as follows respectively:

Obtain the positive time-histories of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face of rigid model outside surface d wind angle single side face a wherein, n represents one-sided pressure tap sum in rigid model outside surface single side face a surface area; represent the weight that in single side face a surface area, g one-sided pressure tap is corresponding, A _grepresent g one-sided pressure tap subordinate area; represent one-sided the positive time-histories of coefficient of wind pres of g one-sided pressure tap in single side face a surface area; G, n are natural number;

Obtain the positive time-histories of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided of rigid model outside surface d wind angle two sided b wherein, m represents the total logarithm of bilateral pressure tap in rigid model outside surface two sided b surface area; represent the weight that in two sided b surface area, f is corresponding to bilateral pressure tap, A _frepresent that f is to bilateral pressure tap subordinate area: represent that in two sided b surface area, f is to the positive time-histories of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres of bilateral pressure tap; F, m are natural number.

4. external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in step 2, describedly blocks length acquisition point coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue by point, comprising:

Just length is blocked by one-sided point one-sided point is negative blocks length obtain coefficient of wind pres positive independent peak reservation queue, one-sided some coefficient of wind pres respectively at one-sided and bear independent peak reservation queue, concrete steps are as follows:

Step 211, according to descending order, to described one-sided the positive time-histories C of coefficient of wind pres _dlit () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain one-sided the former sequence of the positive independent peak of coefficient of wind pres time-histories-C is born to described one-sided some coefficient of wind pres _dlit () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain one-sided some coefficient of wind pres and bear the former sequence of independent peak w1, v1 are natural number;

Step 212, just block length by one-sided point one-sided point is negative blocks length corresponding intercepting one-sided the former sequence of the positive independent peak of coefficient of wind pres, one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bear the former sequence of independent peak, obtain one-sided some positive wine pressure coefficient independent peak reservation queue independent peak reservation queue is born with one-sided some coefficient of wind pres

Just length is blocked by bilateral point bilateral point is negative blocks length the positive independent peak reservation queue of acquisition bilateral point coefficient of wind pres, bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bear independent peak reservation queue respectively, and concrete steps are as follows:

Step 221, according to descending order, to the positive time-histories C of described bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _dljt () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain the former sequence of the positive independent peak of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres time-histories-C is born to described bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _dljt () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain bilateral point coefficient of wind pres and bear the former sequence of independent peak w2, v2 are natural number;

Step 222, just block length by bilateral point bilateral point is negative blocks length the former sequence of the corresponding intercepting bilateral positive independent peak of some coefficient of wind pres, bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bear the former sequence of independent peak, obtain the positive independent peak reservation queue of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue is born with bilateral point coefficient of wind pres

In step 2, describedly block length by face and obtain face average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue and comprise:

Just length is blocked by single side face single side face is negative blocks length obtain the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face positive independent peak reservation queue, single side face average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue respectively, step is as follows:

Step 231, according to descending order, to the positive time-histories C of the average coefficient of wind pres of described single side face _dAat () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain the former sequence of the positive independent peak of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face to described single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories-C _dAat () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain the former sequence of single side face average blast coefficient minus independent peak w3, v3 are natural number;

Step 232, just block length by single side face single side face is negative blocks length the former sequence of the corresponding intercepting positive independent peak of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face, the former sequence of single side face average blast coefficient minus independent peak, obtain the positive independent peak reservation queue of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face with single side face average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue

Just length is blocked by two sided two sided is negative blocks length obtain the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided positive independent peak reservation queue, two sided average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue respectively, concrete steps are as follows:

Step 241, according to descending order, to the positive time-histories C of the average coefficient of wind pres of described two sided _dAbt () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain the former sequence of the positive independent peak of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided to described two sided average blast coefficient minus time-histories-C _dAbt () passes through its average independent peak sort, obtain the former sequence of two sided average blast coefficient minus independent peak w4, v4 are natural number;

Step 242, just block length by two sided two sided is negative blocks length the former sequence of the corresponding intercepting positive independent peak of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided, the former sequence of two sided average blast coefficient minus independent peak, obtain the positive independent peak reservation queue of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided with two sided average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue

5. external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step 3, described to a coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution point scale parameter carry out Maximum-likelihood estimation with some location parameter, comprising:

To one-sided some coefficient of wind pres positive independent peak reservation queue obey the positive scale parameter of one-sided point of the extreme value distribution and one-sided some positive position parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively to one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bear independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution one-sided point bear scale parameter and one-sided point and bear location parameter and carry out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively ${\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndli}}=\frac{1}{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}}\underset{r=1}{\overset{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{X}_{\mathrm{Ndlir}}-X_{\mathrm{Ndli}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}},{\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndli}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndli}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}\right)+X_{\mathrm{Ndli}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}};$ To bilateral point coefficient of wind pres positive independent peak reservation queue obey the positive scale parameter of bilateral point of the extreme value distribution and bilateral point positive position parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively ${\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}=\frac{1}{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pj}}}\underset{m=1}{\overset{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pj}}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{X}_{\mathrm{Pdljm}}-X_{\mathrm{Pdlj}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pj}}},{\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pj}}\right)+X_{\mathrm{Pdlj}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pj}}};$ To bilateral point blast system bear independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution bilateral point bear scale parameter and bilateral point and bear location parameter and carry out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively ${\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Nj}}\right)+X_{\mathrm{Ndlj}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Nj}}};$ Wherein, k, r, m, s are natural number, and $1\≤k\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pi}},1\≤r\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}},$ $1\≤m\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pj}},1\≤s\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Nj}};$

In step 3, described opposite average coefficient of wind pres independent peak reservation queue obey the face scale parameter of the extreme value distribution and face location parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, comprising:

To the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face positive independent peak reservation queue obey the positive scale parameter of single side face of the extreme value distribution and single side face positive position parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively ${\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAa}}=\frac{1}{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pa}}}\underset{n=1}{\overset{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pa}}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{X}_{\mathrm{PdAan}}-X_{\mathrm{PdAa}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pa}}},{\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAa}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAa}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pa}}\right)+X_{\mathrm{PdAa}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pa}}};$ To single side face average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution single side face bear scale parameter and single side face and bear location parameter and carry out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively to the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided positive independent peak reservation queue obey the positive scale parameter of two sided of the extreme value distribution and two sided positive position parameter carries out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively ${\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAb}}=\frac{1}{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{P_b}}\underset{c=1}{\overset{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{P_b}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{X}_{\mathrm{PdAbc}}-X_{\mathrm{PdAa}{b\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{P_b}},{\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAb}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAb}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{P_b}\right)+X_{\mathrm{PdAb}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{P_b}};$ To two sided average blast coefficient minus independent peak reservation queue obey the extreme value distribution two sided bear scale parameter and two sided and bear location parameter and carry out Maximum-likelihood estimation, be respectively ${\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{NaAb}}=\frac{1}{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{N_b}}\underset{e=1}{\overset{{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{N_b}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{X}_{\mathrm{NdAbe}}-X_{\mathrm{NdAb}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{N_b}},$ ${\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAb}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAb}}\ln \left({\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{N_b}\right)+X_{\mathrm{NdAb}{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{N_b}};$ Wherein, n, q, c, e are natural number, and $1\≤n\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Pa}},$ $1\≤q\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{\mathrm{Na}},1\≤c\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{P_b},1\≤e\≤{\widehat{\mathrm{\γ}}}_{N_b}.$

6. external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in step 3, described determine each wind angle under put the design maximum value of coefficient of wind pres, comprising:

Under determining each wind angle, the design maximum value of one-sided some coefficient of wind pres, comprises the steps:

Step 3X11, according to d lower i-th the one-sided some coefficient of wind pres positive time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability of wind angle obtain the p of d lower i-th the positive time-histories extreme value of one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle _pdlifractile wherein, T _pthe sampling time of single round test under representing each wind angle of buildings prototype, and 600s≤T _p≤ 3600s.

Step 3X12, obtain d lower i-th the positive time-histories extreme value p of one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle _pdlithe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile wherein, for the 1-α fractile of one-sided the positive time-histories of coefficient of wind pres under standardized normal distribution, α is the level of signifiance, and 0≤α≤1; for one-sided the positive time-histories extreme value p of coefficient of wind pres _pdlithe standard error of fractile;

Step 3X13, obtain the design maximum value of d lower i-th the one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle

Step 3X14, obtain the design maximum value of lower i-th the one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of each wind angle wherein, M is wind angle sum;

Determine the design maximum value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres under each wind angle, comprise the steps:

Step 3Y11, according to jth under d wind angle to bilateral point coefficient of wind pres positive time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability under obtaining d wind angle, jth is to the positive time-histories extreme value p of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _pdljfractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}\ln [-1n\left(p_{\mathrm{Pdlj}}\right)];$

Step 3Y12, obtain d wind angle under jth to the positive time-histories extreme value p of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _pdljthe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile wherein, for the 1-α fractile of the positive time-histories of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres under standardized normal distribution; for the positive time-histories extreme value p of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _pdljthe standard error of fractile;

Step 3Y13, under obtaining d wind angle, jth is to the design maximum value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres

Step 3Y14, obtain each wind angle under jth to bilateral point coefficient of wind pres design maximum value

In step 3, described determine each wind angle under put the minimal design value of coefficient of wind pres, comprising:

Under determining each wind angle, the minimal design value of one-sided some coefficient of wind pres, comprises the steps:

Step 3X21, bear time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability according to d lower i-th one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle obtain d lower i-th one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle and bear time-histories extreme value pNdli fractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{Ndli}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndli}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndli}}\ln [-1n\left(p_{\mathrm{Pdli}}\right)];$

Step 3X22, obtain d lower i-th one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle and bear time-histories extreme value p _ndlithe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile wherein, for one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bears the 1-α fractile of time-histories under standardized normal distribution; for one-sided some coefficient of wind pres bears time-histories extreme value p _ndlithe standard error of fractile;

Step 3X23, obtain the minimal design value of d lower i-th the one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of wind angle

Step 3X24, obtain the minimal design value of lower i-th the one-sided some coefficient of wind pres of each wind angle

Determine the minimal design value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres under each wind angle, comprise the steps:

Step 3Y21, according to jth under d wind angle, time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability is born to bilateral point coefficient of wind pres under obtaining d wind angle, jth bears time-histories extreme value p to bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _ndljfractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}\ln [-1n\left(p_{\mathrm{Ndlj}}\right)];$

Step 3Y22, obtain d wind angle under jth time-histories extreme value p is born to bilateral point coefficient of wind pres _ndljthe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile wherein, for bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bears the 1-α fractile of time-histories under standardized normal distribution; for bilateral point coefficient of wind pres bears time-histories extreme value p _ndljthe standard error of fractile;

Step 3Y23, obtain jth under d wind angle to the minimal design value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres

Step 3Y24, obtain jth under each wind angle to the minimal design value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres

In step 3, the design maximum value of the described average coefficient of wind pres in face determined under each wind angle, comprising:

Determine the design maximum value of single side face average wind pressure coefficient under each wind angle, comprise the steps:

Step 3E11, according to a the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face positive time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability under d wind angle obtain the p of a the positive time-histories extreme value of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under d wind angle _pdAafractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{PdAa}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAa}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAa}}\ln [-1n\left(p_{\mathrm{PdAa}}\right)];$

Step 3E12, obtain the p of a the positive time-histories extreme value of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under d wind angle _pdAathe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile wherein, be the 1-α fractile of a the positive time-histories of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under standardized normal distribution; be a the positive time-histories extreme value p of the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face _pdAathe standard error of fractile;

Step 3E13, obtains the design maximum value of a the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under d wind angle

Step 3E14, obtain the design maximum value of a the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under each wind angle

Determine the design maximum value of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under each wind angle, comprise the steps:

Step 3F11, according to b two sided coefficient of wind pres positive time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability under d wind angle obtain b the positive time-histories extreme value p of two sided coefficient of wind pres under d wind angle _pdAbfractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{PdAb}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAb}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{PdAb}}\ln [-1n\left(p_{\mathrm{PdAb}}\right)];$

Step 3F12, obtain b the positive time-histories extreme value p of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under d wind angle _pdAbthe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile wherein, be the 1-α fractile of b the positive time-histories of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under standardized normal distribution; be b the positive time-histories extreme value p of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided _pdAbthe standard error of fractile;

Step 3F13, obtain the design maximum value of b the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under d wind angle

Step 3F14, obtain the design maximum value of b the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under each wind angle

In step 3, the minimal design value of the described average coefficient of wind pres in face determined under each wind angle, comprising:

Determine the minimal design value of single side face average wind pressure coefficient under each wind angle, comprise the steps:

Step 3E21, according to a single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability under d wind angle under obtaining d wind angle, a single side face coefficient of wind pres bears time-histories extreme value p _ndAafractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{PdAa}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAa}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAa}}\ln [-1n\left(p_{\mathrm{NdAa}}\right)];$

Step 3E22, obtain a single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories extreme value p under d wind angle _ndAathe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile wherein, be the 1-α fractile of a single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories under standardized normal distribution; be a single side face average blast coefficient minus time-histories extreme value p _naAathe standard error of fractile;

Step 3E23, obtain the minimal design value of a the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under d wind angle

Step 3E24, obtain the minimal design value of a the average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under each wind angle

Determine the minimal design value of the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under each wind angle, step is as follows:

Step 3F21, bear time-histories extreme value fractile cumulative probability according to b two sided coefficient of wind pres under d wind angle under obtaining d wind angle, b two sided coefficient of wind pres extreme value bears time-histories p _ndAbfractile $Z_{p_{\mathrm{NdAb}}}={\widehat{\mathrm{\μ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAb}}-{\widehat{\mathrm{\σ}}}_{\mathrm{NdAb}}\ln [-1n\left(p_{\mathrm{NdAb}}\right)].$

Step 3F22, obtain b two sided average blast coefficient minus time-histories extreme value p under d wind angle _ndAbthe one-sided confidence upper limit of fractile wherein, be the 1-α fractile of b two sided average blast coefficient minus time-histories under standardized normal distribution; be b two sided average blast coefficient minus time-histories extreme value p _ndAbthe standard error of fractile.

Step 3F23, obtain the minimal design value of b the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under d wind angle

Step 3F24, obtain the minimal design value of b the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under each wind angle

7. external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, in step 4, describedly determine that the least favorable design maximum value of a coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles comprises the least favorable design maximum value of acquisition i-th one-sided some coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles obtain jth to the least favorable design maximum value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles describedly determine that the least favorable minimal design value of a coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles comprises the least favorable minimal design value of acquisition i-th one-sided some coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles obtain jth to the least favorable minimal design value of bilateral point coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles describedly determine that the least favorable design maximum value of the average coefficient of wind pres in face under all wind angles comprises the least favorable design maximum value of acquisition a single side face coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles obtain the least favorable design maximum value of b the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under all wind angles the least favorable minimal design value of described average coefficient of wind pres under all wind angles comprises the least favorable minimal design value of acquisition a average coefficient of wind pres of single side face under all wind angles obtain the least favorable minimal design value of b the average coefficient of wind pres of two sided under all wind angles

8. external surface of buildings wind pressure measurement method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, in step 5, describedly determines that the some maximum wind pressure of external surface of buildings comprises and determines that external surface of buildings i-th one-sided some maximum wind pressure is determine that external surface of buildings jth to bilateral point maximum wind pressure is describedly determine that the minimum blast of point of external surface of buildings comprises and determine that the minimum blast of the one-sided point of external surface of buildings i-th is determine that external surface of buildings jth is to the minimum blast of bilateral point describedly determine that the average maximum wind pressure in the face of external surface of buildings comprises and determine that external surface of buildings a average maximum wind pressure of single side face is determine that external surface of buildings b average maximum wind pressure of two sided is describedly determine that the average minimum blast in the face of external surface of buildings comprises and determine that the average minimum blast of external surface of buildings a single side face is determine the average minimum blast of external surface of buildings b two sided wherein, w ₀represent the on-site fundamental wind pressure of prototype buildings, μ (H _rp) represent that prototype buildings is on-site apart from ground H _rpthe height variation coefficient of wind pressure at place.